专题04 非谓语动词（讲义）-2027年甘肃省（中职升学考试）《英语一轮讲练测》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：2027年甘肃省（中职升学考试）《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练，在编写中融入支架式教学理念，紧扣甘肃省中职升学考试英语真题考情，将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单，以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础，再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强，实操性好，为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径，高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是2027年甘肃省（中职升学考试）《英语一轮讲练测》的第4个专题，内容为非谓语动词。 2027年甘肃省（中职升学考试） 《英语一轮讲练测》复习讲义 专题04 非谓语动词 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 考点1 非谓语动词概述 即时训练 考点2 动词不定式（to do） 即时训练 考点3 动名词（doing） 即时训练 考点4 分词（现在分词doing / 过去分词done） 即时训练 考点5 非谓语动词的时态与语态 即时训练 题型贯通·能力迁移 04 真题溯源·考向感知 考点 内容解读 甘肃省2021—2024年中职升学考试真题统计 2021年 2022年 2023年 2024年 动词不定式 （to do） 考查动词不定式的基本用法和否定形式 （9） 动名词 （doing） 考查动名词在固定搭配中的运用，是甘肃省非谓语考查中出题量最大的子类。主要包括三种典型用法： ①need doing = need to be done（动名词主动形式表被动意义，2022年第1题need cleaning→need to be cleaned，是need的特殊用法易错点）； ②介词后接动名词作宾语（2022年第11题thank sb. for doing，for为介词后需接reminding）； ③to为介词而非不定式符号的固定搭配（2023年第7题look forward to doing，to后接playing而非play）。 三种题型分别考查了动名词的"主动表被动""介词宾语""to的介词性"三大核心知识点，其中"to是介词还是不定式符号"的判断是考生最易出错的环节。此外，2022年第4题选项中还出现了keep sb. from doing的结构。 （1）（11） （7） 分词 （现在分词/过去分词） 考查现在分词和过去分词在句中的语法功能。主要包括三种用法： ①现在分词作宾补（2022年第12题hear sb. doing）：感官动词hear后接doing强调"听到某人正在做某事"（与do表全过程对比），根据"when I passed by just now"的语境判断动作正在进行； ②现在分词完成式作时间状语（2024年第8题Having washed）：逻辑主语"the little boy"与wash为主谓关系，且wash发生在谓语hung之前，故用Having washed表主动且先于谓语，是分词中难度最高的题型； ③过去分词作后置定语（2024年第10题written by Lao She）：book与write为动宾关系（被动），故用过去分词written作book的后置定语。 （12） （8）（10） 【考点1 非谓语动词概述】 概念：非谓语动词是指在句中不充当谓语的动词形式，它不受主语人称和数的限制，但可以有自己的宾语和状语，构成非谓语动词短语。 基本形式： 形式 构成 功能 例词 动词不定式 to+动词原形 主语、宾语、宾补、定语、状语、表语 to do, to speak 动名词 动词原形+ing 主语、宾语、定语、表语 doing, speaking 现在分词 动词原形+ing 定语、状语、宾补、表语 doing, speaking 过去分词 动词原形+ed / 不规则变化 定语、状语、宾补、表语 done, spoken 非谓语动词的共同特征： · 不能单独作谓语。 · 没有人称和数的变化。 · 可以有自己的宾语和状语。 · 有时态和语态的变化。 判断方法：当句子中已有谓语动词，且没有连词连接时，另一个动词必须用非谓语形式。 例：I want to go home.（want是谓语，go用不定式） 例：He enjoys reading books.（enjoys是谓语，read用动名词） 即时训练 找出下列句子中的非谓语动词： 1. She wants to learn English well. 【答案】to learn 【解析】wants是谓语动词，to learn是非谓语动词（不定式），作宾语。 2. He enjoys playing basketball. 【答案】playing 【解析】enjoys是谓语动词，playing是非谓语动词（动名词），作宾语。 3. The boy sitting there is my brother. 【答案】sitting 【解析】is是谓语动词，sitting是非谓语动词（现在分词），作定语修饰The boy。 4. The book written by Mo Yan is very popular. 【答案】written 【解析】is是谓语动词，written是非谓语动词（过去分词），作定语修饰The book。 5. 判断对错：He decided go to Beijing. 【答案】错误，应改为He decided to go to Beijing. 【解析】decide后需接不定式to do作宾语，不能直接接动词原形。 【考点2 动词不定式（to do）】 一、动词不定式作主语 结构：To do sth.+谓语+... 例：To learn English well is important. 学好英语很重要。 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 常用句型：It is+adj.+to do sth.（it作形式主语，不定式作真正主语） 例：It is important to learn English well. 学好英语很重要。 例：It is difficult to finish the work on time. 按时完成工作很困难。 常见形容词：easy, difficult, hard, important, necessary, possible, impossible, kind, nice, good, clever, foolish for/of sb.+to do 的区别： It is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.：形容词修饰事物用for（如easy, difficult, important, necessary） 例：It is important for us to study hard. 对我们来说努力学习很重要。 It is+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.：形容词修饰人用of（如kind, nice, good, clever, foolish, wise） 例：It is kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太善良了。 二、动词不定式作宾语 常见动词+to do： 类别 动词 想要/希望 want, wish, hope, expect, desire 决定/计划 decide, plan, choose, determine 承诺/拒绝 promise, refuse, offer, agree 学习/尝试 learn, try, manage, attempt 忘记/记得 forget, remember（意义不同） 其他 fail, afford, prepare, seem, pretend, appear 例： He decided to study abroad. 他决定出国留学。 She promised to help me. 她答应帮助我。 I hope to see you again. 我希望再次见到你。 注意：forget to do（忘记去做）vs forget doing（忘记做过） I forgot to lock the door. 我忘了锁门。（门没锁） I forgot locking the door. 我忘了已经锁过门了。（门已经锁了） 三、动词不定式作宾补 结构：动词+宾语+to do 常见动词：ask, tell, want, encourage, allow, invite, order, force, warn, expect, remind, advise, permit 例： My teacher encourages me to study harder. 我的老师鼓励我更加努力学习。 He asked me to help him. 他请求我帮助他。 She told me to wait for her. 她告诉我等她。 注意：make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel等动词后接不定式作宾补时，省略to。 主动：They made him work all day. 他们让他整天工作。 主动：I saw him cross the street. 我看见他过马路。 但在被动语态中，to必须恢复： He was made to work all day. 他被要求整天工作。 He was seen to cross the street. 他被看见过马路。 四、动词不定式作定语 结构：名词+to do 用法：不定式与所修饰的名词之间常存在动宾关系或主谓关系。 例： I have a lot of homework to do. 我有许多作业要做。（动宾关系：do homework） She is the first person to come. 她是第一个来的人。（主谓关系：person comes） 五、动词不定式作状语 结构：to do 表示目的、结果、原因 1. 目的状语：常用结构：in order to do, so as to do。 He came to borrow my book. 他来借我的书。 She got up early to catch the bus. 她早起是为了赶公交车。 He got up early in order to catch the bus. 他早起为了赶公交车。 2. 结果状语：常用结构：too...to...（太……而不能……）、enough to...（足够……而能……）。 He grew up to be a famous scientist. 他长大后成了一名著名科学家。 She woke up to find everyone gone. 她醒来发现所有人都走了。 He is too young to go to school. 他太小了不能上学。 She is old enough to drive a car. 她够年龄开车了。 3. 原因状语：常见形容词：happy, glad, pleased, sorry, surprised, disappointed, sad I am glad to see you. 我很高兴见到你。 She was surprised to hear the news. 她听到这个消息很惊讶。 六、动词不定式作表语 结构：主语+be+to do 用法：表示计划、安排、义务或可能性。 例： My dream is to become a teacher. 我的梦想是成为一名老师。 His plan is to start a business. 他的计划是创业。 The meeting is to be held tomorrow. 会议将在明天举行。 即时训练 1. The class plans ________ a short video about safe travel. A. make B. making C. to make D. made 【答案】C 【解析】plan后接不定式to do，表示计划要做的动作。 2. Lin Tao went to the library ________ some information for his report. A. find B. to find C. finding D. found 【答案】B 【解析】空格表示去图书馆的目的，用不定式作目的状语。 3. It is necessary ________ your name on the answer sheet. A. write B. writing C. to write D. written 【答案】C 【解析】It is +形容词+to do sth.为固定句型。 4. The box is too heavy for the child ________ alone. A. carry B. carrying C. to carry D. carried 【答案】C 【解析】too...to...表示太……而不能……，to carry作结果状语。 5. There is no time ________ the machine again before the test. A. check B. to check C. checking D. checked 【答案】B 【解析】time后可接不定式作后置定语，表示可用于检查的时间。 6. The monitor reminded everyone ________ the classroom key after school. A. return B. returning C. to return D. returned 【答案】C 【解析】remind sb. to do表示提醒某人做某事。 7. The notice asks visitors ________ their mobile phones in the reading hall. A. not use B. not to use C. not using D. to not using 【答案】B 【解析】ask sb. not to do表示要求某人不要做某事。 8. The coach made the players ________ for ten more minutes. A. run B. to run C. running D. ran 【答案】A 【解析】make sb. do在主动语态中用省to不定式。 9. The engineer advised the trainees ________ the wires before turning on the power. A. check B. checking C. to check D. checked 【答案】C 【解析】advise sb. to do表示建议某人做某事。 10. The little girl was heard ________ an English song in the next room. A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sang 【答案】B 【解析】感官动词hear用于被动语态时，省略的to要还原。 【考点3 动名词（doing）】 一、动名词作主语 结构：Doing sth.+谓语+... 例： Reading books is helpful. 读书是有益的。 Swimming is a good sport. 游泳是一项好运动。 常用句型：It is+adj.+doing sth.（it作形式主语，动名词作真正主语） 例：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 例：It is no good staying up too late. 熬夜没有好处。 注意：动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 二、动名词作宾语 常见动词+doing： 类别 动词 喜欢/享受 enjoy, like, love, prefer, feel like 完成/结束 finish, complete 练习/实践 practice 介意/避免 mind, avoid, escape 建议/考虑 suggest, consider, imagine 习惯/坚持 be used to, keep, keep on, insist on 其他 admit, deny, risk, can't help, be busy, be worth 例： He enjoys reading books. 他喜欢读书。 She finished doing her homework. 她做完作业了。 You should practice speaking English every day. 你应该每天练习说英语。 注意：stop to do（停下来去做）vs stop doing（停止在做） He stopped to smoke. 他停下来去抽烟。 He stopped smoking. 他停止抽烟了。 三、介词后接动名词 结构：介词+doing 例： He is good at swimming. 他擅长游泳。 Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你帮助我。 I am interested in collecting stamps. 我对集邮感兴趣。 She is looking forward to meeting you. 她期待见到你。 常见短语：be good at, be interested in, be fond of, be proud of, look forward to, pay attention to, devote...to, get used to 注意：to在短语中可能是介词（后接doing），也可能是不定式符号（后接do）。需熟记常见短语。 介词to：look forward to doing, pay attention to doing, be used to doing 不定式to：want to do, decide to do, hope to do 四、动名词作定语 例： a swimming pool 游泳池（= a pool for swimming） a reading room 阅览室（= a room for reading） a sleeping bag 睡袋（= a bag for sleeping） 动名词作定语 vs 现在分词作定语： 动名词作定语：表示用途（a swimming pool = a pool for swimming） 现在分词作定语：表示动作正在进行（a swimming boy = a boy who is swimming） 五、动名词作表语 例： Her hobby is collecting stamps. 她的爱好是集邮。 My job is teaching English. 我的工作是教英语。 动名词作表语 vs 现在分词作表语： 动名词作表语：说明主语的内容（My job is teaching.） 现在分词作表语：说明主语的特征（The story is interesting.） 即时训练 1. The students finished ________ the posters before noon. A. design B. designing C. to design D. designed 【答案】B 【解析】finish后接动名词doing。 2. Thank you for ________ the new student around the campus. A. show B. to show C. showing D. shown 【答案】C 【解析】for是介词，后接动名词showing。 3. We should pay attention to ________ the machine safely. A. operate B. operating C. to operate D. operated 【答案】B 【解析】pay attention to中的to是介词，后接doing。 4. Mary kept ________ notes while the doctor explained the rules. A. take B. taking C. to take D. taken 【答案】B 【解析】keep doing表示持续做某事。 5. Please remember ________ the door before you leave the office. A. lock B. locking C. to lock D. locked 【答案】C 【解析】动作尚未发生，用remember to do表示记得要做。 【考点4 分词（现在分词doing / 过去分词done）】 一、分词作定语： 1. 现在分词作定语：表示主动、进行 a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleeping 一个正在睡觉的男孩 a flying bird = a bird that is flying 一只正在飞的鸟 an interesting story = a story that is interesting 一个有趣的故事 2. 过去分词作定语：表示被动、完成 a broken window = a window that was broken 一扇被打碎的窗户 a written report = a report that has been written 一份写好的报告 an excited child = a child who is excited 一个兴奋的孩子 3. 单个分词作定语：放在名词前 例：a sleeping boy, a broken window 4. 分词短语作定语：放在名词后 例：The boy sitting there is my brother. 坐在那里的男孩是我弟弟。 例：The book written by Mo Yan is popular. 莫言写的那本书很受欢迎。 二、分词作状语 1. 现在分词作状语：表示主动、进行，与主语是主动关系 例： Seeing the teacher, the students stood up. 看到老师，学生们站了起来。（主动） Walking in the park, I met an old friend. 在公园散步时，我遇到了一位老朋友。（主动） Being ill, she stayed at home. 因为生病，她待在家里。（原因） 2. 过去分词作状语：表示被动、完成，与主语是被动关系 例： Given more time, I can do it better. 如果给我更多时间，我能做得更好。（被动） Surprised at the news, she couldn't speak. 听到这个消息很惊讶，她说不出话来。（被动） Built in 2020, the school is very modern. 这所学校建于2020年，非常现代化。（被动） 三、分词作宾补 1. 现在分词作宾补：表示动作正在进行，与宾语是主动关系，常见动词：see, hear, watch, notice, find, keep, feel, have。 例： I saw him playing basketball on the playground. 我看见他在操场上打篮球。 She heard someone singing in the next room. 她听见有人在隔壁唱歌。 He kept me waiting for a long time. 他让我等了很长时间。 2. 过去分词作宾补：表示动作已完成，与宾语是被动关系，常见动词：have, get, make, see, hear, find, want 例： I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天理发了。（让别人剪了头发） He got his car repaired. 他让人修了他的车。 I found the door locked. 我发现门锁着。 四、分词作表语 1. 现在分词作表语：表示主语的特征，意为“令人……的” 例： The story is interesting. 这个故事很有趣。 The movie is exciting. 这部电影很刺激。 The news is surprising. 这个消息很令人惊讶。 2. 过去分词作表语：表示主语的状态，意为“感到……的” 例： I am interested in the story. 我对这个故事感兴趣。 She is excited about the trip. 她对这次旅行很兴奋。 He is tired after the long walk. 走了很长的路，他很累。 常见分词形容词： 现在分词（令人……的） 过去分词（感到……的） interesting 有趣的 interested 感兴趣的 exciting 刺激的 excited 兴奋的 surprising 令人惊讶的 surprised 惊讶的 disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 失望的 tiring 令人疲劳的 tired 疲劳的 boring 令人无聊的 bored 无聊的 frightening 令人害怕的 frightened 害怕的 即时训练 1. The girl ________ the red schoolbag is my deskmate. A. carry B. carrying C. carried D. to carry 【答案】B 【解析】girl主动背书包，用现在分词carrying作后置定语。 2. The tools ________ in this box are for the repair class. A. keep B. keeping C. kept D. keeps 【答案】C 【解析】tools与keep是被动关系，用过去分词kept。 3. The man ________ beside the bus is our new driver. A. wait B. waited C. waiting D. waits 【答案】C 【解析】man主动等待，用现在分词waiting作定语。 4. The plan ________ by the group leader sounds practical. A. suggest B. suggesting C. suggested D. suggests 【答案】C 【解析】plan是被提出建议的对象，用过去分词suggested。 5. The ________ leaves made the school yard look clean. A. fall B. falling C. fallen D. falls 【答案】C 【解析】fallen leaves表示已经落下的树叶，强调完成。 6. ________ the instructions, he started to use the printer. A. Read B. Reading C. Having read D. To reading 【答案】C 【解析】先读说明再使用打印机，动作先发生，用Having read。 7. ________ from the top floor, the playground looks very small. A. See B. Seeing C. Seen D. To see 【答案】C 【解析】playground是被看的对象，用过去分词Seen作状语。 8. I noticed a boy ________ the notice on the wall when I passed by. A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads 【答案】B 【解析】when I passed by强调当时正在读，用notice sb. doing。 9. The training room needs ________ before the guests arrive. A. clean B. cleaning C. to clean D. cleaned 【答案】B 【解析】room是被打扫的对象，need doing表示需要被做。 10. ________ carefully, the glass model was put into a wooden box. A. Packed B. Packing C. To pack D. Pack 【答案】A 【解析】model与pack是被动关系，用Packed作状语。 题型贯通·能力迁移 一、单项选择 1. The manager offered ________ the new worker with the task. A. help B. helping C. to help D. helped 【答案】C 【解析】offer后接to do，表示主动提出做某事。 2. After class, the students stopped ________ the teacher a few questions. A. ask B. to ask C. asking D. asked 【答案】B 【解析】停下来去问问题，用stop to do。 3. The notice ________ on the wall is about the school trip. A. put B. putting C. to put D. puts 【答案】A 【解析】notice与put是被动关系，用过去分词put作定语。 4. The guide warned the tourists ________ close to the river. A. not go B. not to go C. not going D. not gone 【答案】B 【解析】warn sb. not to do表示警告某人不要做某事。 5. ________ the ticket, she went into the hall quietly. A. Checked B. Having checked C. To checking D. Check 【答案】B 【解析】先检票再进入大厅，用Having checked。 二、语境填空 1. Use the correct form: The workers are used to ________ (wear) helmets. 【答案】wearing 【解析】be used to中的to是介词，后接doing。 2. Use the correct form: The machine was seen ________ (shake) during the test. 【答案】to shake 【解析】see sb. do变被动时要还原to。 3. Use the correct form: The woman ________ (talk) with the students is our head teacher. 【答案】talking 【解析】woman主动交谈，用现在分词。 4. Use the correct form: ________ (repair) the bike, he rode to school on time. 【答案】Having repaired 【解析】修车先于骑车，主动且先发生。 5. Use the correct form: The door needs ________ (paint) this weekend. 【答案】painting / to be painted 【解析】door需要被刷漆，用need doing或need to be done。 三、句型转换与改错 1. Sentence transformation: The window needs washing. = The window needs ________. 【答案】to be washed 【解析】need doing可转换为need to be done。 2. Correction: She is interested in learn computer design. 【答案】learn改为learning 【解析】介词in后接doing。 3. Correction: The letter sending yesterday has arrived. 【答案】sending改为sent 【解析】letter与send是被动关系，用过去分词sent。 4. Sentence completion: 为了保持健康，他每天步行上学。He walks to school every day ________ healthy. 【答案】to keep 【解析】表示目的，用不定式to keep。 5. Correction: The teacher told us not waste paper. 【答案】not waste改为not to waste 【解析】tell sb. not to do为固定结构。 1. （2022年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第1题）Your room is so dirty. It needs ________. A. to be cleaned B. to be cleaning C. clean D. cleaned 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你的房间太脏了。它需要清洁。分析句子可知，“It”指代“Your room”，房间是“被打扫”的对象，也就是“clean”这个动作的承受者，所以要用被动语态，所以是“need doing sth./need to be done”结构，表示“某事需要被做”。故选A。 2.（2022年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第9题）My mother encouraged me ________. A. not to give up B. to not give up C. not give up D. give up 【答案】A 【详解】考查不定式的否定形式。句意：我的母亲鼓励我不要放弃。encourage sb to do sth：鼓励某人做某事，根据常识可知，父母都鼓励孩子不要放弃，故用“encourage sb not to do sth”表示“鼓励某人不要做某事”，故用不定式的否定形式。故选A。 3.（2024年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第8题）________ the dirty clothes, the little boy hung them up in the yard. A. Was washed B. Washed C. Were washed D. Having washed 【答案】D 【详解】考查现在分词作状语。句意：小男孩洗完脏衣服后，把它们挂在了院子里。分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词，逻辑主语“the little boy”与动词“wash”之间是主动关系，且“wash”发生在句子谓语动作“hung”之前，所以此处应用现在分词的完成式，即Having washed，作时间状语。故选D。 4. （2024年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第10题）I’m reading a book ________ by Lao She. A. write B. to write C. writing D. written 【答案】D 【详解】考查过去分词作定语。句意：我正在读一本老舍写的书。分析句子结构可知，句子不缺谓语动词；“book”与“write”之间是被动关系，此处应用过去分词“written”作后置定语，修饰“book”，是指由老舍写的一本书。故选D。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：2027年甘肃省（中职升学考试）《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练，在编写中融入支架式教学理念，紧扣甘肃省中职升学考试英语真题考情，将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单，以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础，再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强，实操性好，为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径，高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是2027年甘肃省（中职升学考试）《英语一轮讲练测》的第4个专题，内容为非谓语动词。 2027年甘肃省（中职升学考试） 《英语一轮讲练测》复习讲义 专题04 非谓语动词 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 考点1 非谓语动词概述 即时训练 考点2 动词不定式（to do） 即时训练 考点3 动名词（doing） 即时训练 考点4 分词（现在分词doing / 过去分词done） 即时训练 考点5 非谓语动词的时态与语态 即时训练 题型贯通·能力迁移 04 真题溯源·考向感知 考点 内容解读 甘肃省2021—2024年中职升学考试真题统计 2021年 2022年 2023年 2024年 动词不定式 （to do） 考查动词不定式的基本用法和否定形式 （9） 动名词 （doing） 考查动名词在固定搭配中的运用，是甘肃省非谓语考查中出题量最大的子类。主要包括三种典型用法： ①need doing = need to be done（动名词主动形式表被动意义，2022年第1题need cleaning→need to be cleaned，是need的特殊用法易错点）； ②介词后接动名词作宾语（2022年第11题thank sb. for doing，for为介词后需接reminding）； ③to为介词而非不定式符号的固定搭配（2023年第7题look forward to doing，to后接playing而非play）。 三种题型分别考查了动名词的"主动表被动""介词宾语""to的介词性"三大核心知识点，其中"to是介词还是不定式符号"的判断是考生最易出错的环节。此外，2022年第4题选项中还出现了keep sb. from doing的结构。 （1）（11） （7） 分词 （现在分词/过去分词） 考查现在分词和过去分词在句中的语法功能。主要包括三种用法： ①现在分词作宾补（2022年第12题hear sb. doing）：感官动词hear后接doing强调"听到某人正在做某事"（与do表全过程对比），根据"when I passed by just now"的语境判断动作正在进行； ②现在分词完成式作时间状语（2024年第8题Having washed）：逻辑主语"the little boy"与wash为主谓关系，且wash发生在谓语hung之前，故用Having washed表主动且先于谓语，是分词中难度最高的题型； ③过去分词作后置定语（2024年第10题written by Lao She）：book与write为动宾关系（被动），故用过去分词written作book的后置定语。 （12） （8）（10） 【考点1 非谓语动词概述】 概念：非谓语动词是指在句中不充当谓语的动词形式，它不受主语人称和数的限制，但可以有自己的宾语和状语，构成非谓语动词短语。 基本形式： 形式 构成 功能 例词 动词不定式 to+动词原形 主语、宾语、宾补、定语、状语、表语 to do, to speak 动名词 动词原形+ing 主语、宾语、定语、表语 doing, speaking 现在分词 动词原形+ing 定语、状语、宾补、表语 doing, speaking 过去分词 动词原形+ed / 不规则变化 定语、状语、宾补、表语 done, spoken 非谓语动词的共同特征： · 不能单独作谓语。 · 没有人称和数的变化。 · 可以有自己的宾语和状语。 · 有时态和语态的变化。 判断方法：当句子中已有谓语动词，且没有连词连接时，另一个动词必须用非谓语形式。 例：I want to go home.（want是谓语，go用不定式） 例：He enjoys reading books.（enjoys是谓语，read用动名词） 即时训练 找出下列句子中的非谓语动词： 1. She wants to learn English well. 2. He enjoys playing basketball. 3. The boy sitting there is my brother. 4. The book written by Mo Yan is very popular. 5. 判断对错：He decided go to Beijing. 【考点2 动词不定式（to do）】 一、动词不定式作主语 结构：To do sth.+谓语+... 例：To learn English well is important. 学好英语很重要。 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 常用句型：It is+adj.+to do sth.（it作形式主语，不定式作真正主语） 例：It is important to learn English well. 学好英语很重要。 例：It is difficult to finish the work on time. 按时完成工作很困难。 常见形容词：easy, difficult, hard, important, necessary, possible, impossible, kind, nice, good, clever, foolish for/of sb.+to do 的区别： It is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.：形容词修饰事物用for（如easy, difficult, important, necessary） 例：It is important for us to study hard. 对我们来说努力学习很重要。 It is+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.：形容词修饰人用of（如kind, nice, good, clever, foolish, wise） 例：It is kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太善良了。 二、动词不定式作宾语 常见动词+to do： 类别 动词 想要/希望 want, wish, hope, expect, desire 决定/计划 decide, plan, choose, determine 承诺/拒绝 promise, refuse, offer, agree 学习/尝试 learn, try, manage, attempt 忘记/记得 forget, remember（意义不同） 其他 fail, afford, prepare, seem, pretend, appear 例： He decided to study abroad. 他决定出国留学。 She promised to help me. 她答应帮助我。 I hope to see you again. 我希望再次见到你。 注意：forget to do（忘记去做）vs forget doing（忘记做过） I forgot to lock the door. 我忘了锁门。（门没锁） I forgot locking the door. 我忘了已经锁过门了。（门已经锁了） 三、动词不定式作宾补 结构：动词+宾语+to do 常见动词：ask, tell, want, encourage, allow, invite, order, force, warn, expect, remind, advise, permit 例： My teacher encourages me to study harder. 我的老师鼓励我更加努力学习。 He asked me to help him. 他请求我帮助他。 She told me to wait for her. 她告诉我等她。 注意：make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel等动词后接不定式作宾补时，省略to。 主动：They made him work all day. 他们让他整天工作。 主动：I saw him cross the street. 我看见他过马路。 但在被动语态中，to必须恢复： He was made to work all day. 他被要求整天工作。 He was seen to cross the street. 他被看见过马路。 四、动词不定式作定语 结构：名词+to do 用法：不定式与所修饰的名词之间常存在动宾关系或主谓关系。 例： I have a lot of homework to do. 我有许多作业要做。（动宾关系：do homework） She is the first person to come. 她是第一个来的人。（主谓关系：person comes） 五、动词不定式作状语 结构：to do 表示目的、结果、原因 1. 目的状语：常用结构：in order to do, so as to do。 He came to borrow my book. 他来借我的书。 She got up early to catch the bus. 她早起是为了赶公交车。 He got up early in order to catch the bus. 他早起为了赶公交车。 2. 结果状语：常用结构：too...to...（太……而不能……）、enough to...（足够……而能……）。 He grew up to be a famous scientist. 他长大后成了一名著名科学家。 She woke up to find everyone gone. 她醒来发现所有人都走了。 He is too young to go to school. 他太小了不能上学。 She is old enough to drive a car. 她够年龄开车了。 3. 原因状语：常见形容词：happy, glad, pleased, sorry, surprised, disappointed, sad I am glad to see you. 我很高兴见到你。 She was surprised to hear the news. 她听到这个消息很惊讶。 六、动词不定式作表语 结构：主语+be+to do 用法：表示计划、安排、义务或可能性。 例： My dream is to become a teacher. 我的梦想是成为一名老师。 His plan is to start a business. 他的计划是创业。 The meeting is to be held tomorrow. 会议将在明天举行。 即时训练 1. The class plans ________ a short video about safe travel. A. make B. making C. to make D. made 2. Lin Tao went to the library ________ some information for his report. A. find B. to find C. finding D. found 3. It is necessary ________ your name on the answer sheet. A. write B. writing C. to write D. written 4. The box is too heavy for the child ________ alone. A. carry B. carrying C. to carry D. carried 5. There is no time ________ the machine again before the test. A. check B. to check C. checking D. checked 6. The monitor reminded everyone ________ the classroom key after school. A. return B. returning C. to return D. returned 7. The notice asks visitors ________ their mobile phones in the reading hall. A. not use B. not to use C. not using D. to not using 8. The coach made the players ________ for ten more minutes. A. run B. to run C. running D. ran 9. The engineer advised the trainees ________ the wires before turning on the power. A. check B. checking C. to check D. checked 10. The little girl was heard ________ an English song in the next room. A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sang 【考点3 动名词（doing）】 一、动名词作主语 结构：Doing sth.+谓语+... 例： Reading books is helpful. 读书是有益的。 Swimming is a good sport. 游泳是一项好运动。 常用句型：It is+adj.+doing sth.（it作形式主语，动名词作真正主语） 例：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 例：It is no good staying up too late. 熬夜没有好处。 注意：动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 二、动名词作宾语 常见动词+doing： 类别 动词 喜欢/享受 enjoy, like, love, prefer, feel like 完成/结束 finish, complete 练习/实践 practice 介意/避免 mind, avoid, escape 建议/考虑 suggest, consider, imagine 习惯/坚持 be used to, keep, keep on, insist on 其他 admit, deny, risk, can't help, be busy, be worth 例： He enjoys reading books. 他喜欢读书。 She finished doing her homework. 她做完作业了。 You should practice speaking English every day. 你应该每天练习说英语。 注意：stop to do（停下来去做）vs stop doing（停止在做） He stopped to smoke. 他停下来去抽烟。 He stopped smoking. 他停止抽烟了。 三、介词后接动名词 结构：介词+doing 例： He is good at swimming. 他擅长游泳。 Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你帮助我。 I am interested in collecting stamps. 我对集邮感兴趣。 She is looking forward to meeting you. 她期待见到你。 常见短语：be good at, be interested in, be fond of, be proud of, look forward to, pay attention to, devote...to, get used to 注意：to在短语中可能是介词（后接doing），也可能是不定式符号（后接do）。需熟记常见短语。 介词to：look forward to doing, pay attention to doing, be used to doing 不定式to：want to do, decide to do, hope to do 四、动名词作定语 例： a swimming pool 游泳池（= a pool for swimming） a reading room 阅览室（= a room for reading） a sleeping bag 睡袋（= a bag for sleeping） 动名词作定语 vs 现在分词作定语： 动名词作定语：表示用途（a swimming pool = a pool for swimming） 现在分词作定语：表示动作正在进行（a swimming boy = a boy who is swimming） 五、动名词作表语 例： Her hobby is collecting stamps. 她的爱好是集邮。 My job is teaching English. 我的工作是教英语。 动名词作表语 vs 现在分词作表语： 动名词作表语：说明主语的内容（My job is teaching.） 现在分词作表语：说明主语的特征（The story is interesting.） 即时训练 1. The students finished ________ the posters before noon. A. design B. designing C. to design D. designed 2. Thank you for ________ the new student around the campus. A. show B. to show C. showing D. shown 3. We should pay attention to ________ the machine safely. A. operate B. operating C. to operate D. operated 4. Mary kept ________ notes while the doctor explained the rules. A. take B. taking C. to take D. taken 5. Please remember ________ the door before you leave the office. A. lock B. locking C. to lock D. locked 【考点4 分词（现在分词doing / 过去分词done）】 一、分词作定语： 1. 现在分词作定语：表示主动、进行 a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleeping 一个正在睡觉的男孩 a flying bird = a bird that is flying 一只正在飞的鸟 an interesting story = a story that is interesting 一个有趣的故事 2. 过去分词作定语：表示被动、完成 a broken window = a window that was broken 一扇被打碎的窗户 a written report = a report that has been written 一份写好的报告 an excited child = a child who is excited 一个兴奋的孩子 3. 单个分词作定语：放在名词前 例：a sleeping boy, a broken window 4. 分词短语作定语：放在名词后 例：The boy sitting there is my brother. 坐在那里的男孩是我弟弟。 例：The book written by Mo Yan is popular. 莫言写的那本书很受欢迎。 二、分词作状语 1. 现在分词作状语：表示主动、进行，与主语是主动关系 例： Seeing the teacher, the students stood up. 看到老师，学生们站了起来。（主动） Walking in the park, I met an old friend. 在公园散步时，我遇到了一位老朋友。（主动） Being ill, she stayed at home. 因为生病，她待在家里。（原因） 2. 过去分词作状语：表示被动、完成，与主语是被动关系 例： Given more time, I can do it better. 如果给我更多时间，我能做得更好。（被动） Surprised at the news, she couldn't speak. 听到这个消息很惊讶，她说不出话来。（被动） Built in 2020, the school is very modern. 这所学校建于2020年，非常现代化。（被动） 三、分词作宾补 1. 现在分词作宾补：表示动作正在进行，与宾语是主动关系，常见动词：see, hear, watch, notice, find, keep, feel, have。 例： I saw him playing basketball on the playground. 我看见他在操场上打篮球。 She heard someone singing in the next room. 她听见有人在隔壁唱歌。 He kept me waiting for a long time. 他让我等了很长时间。 2. 过去分词作宾补：表示动作已完成，与宾语是被动关系，常见动词：have, get, make, see, hear, find, want 例： I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天理发了。（让别人剪了头发） He got his car repaired. 他让人修了他的车。 I found the door locked. 我发现门锁着。 四、分词作表语 1. 现在分词作表语：表示主语的特征，意为“令人……的” 例： The story is interesting. 这个故事很有趣。 The movie is exciting. 这部电影很刺激。 The news is surprising. 这个消息很令人惊讶。 2. 过去分词作表语：表示主语的状态，意为“感到……的” 例： I am interested in the story. 我对这个故事感兴趣。 She is excited about the trip. 她对这次旅行很兴奋。 He is tired after the long walk. 走了很长的路，他很累。 常见分词形容词： 现在分词（令人……的） 过去分词（感到……的） interesting 有趣的 interested 感兴趣的 exciting 刺激的 excited 兴奋的 surprising 令人惊讶的 surprised 惊讶的 disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 失望的 tiring 令人疲劳的 tired 疲劳的 boring 令人无聊的 bored 无聊的 frightening 令人害怕的 frightened 害怕的 即时训练 1. The girl ________ the red schoolbag is my deskmate. A. carry B. carrying C. carried D. to carry 2. The tools ________ in this box are for the repair class. A. keep B. keeping C. kept D. keeps 3. The man ________ beside the bus is our new driver. A. wait B. waited C. waiting D. waits 4. The plan ________ by the group leader sounds practical. A. suggest B. suggesting C. suggested D. suggests 5. The ________ leaves made the school yard look clean. A. fall B. falling C. fallen D. falls 6. ________ the instructions, he started to use the printer. A. Read B. Reading C. Having read D. To reading 7. ________ from the top floor, the playground looks very small. A. See B. Seeing C. Seen D. To see 8. I noticed a boy ________ the notice on the wall when I passed by. A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads 9. The training room needs ________ before the guests arrive. A. clean B. cleaning C. to clean D. cleaned 10. ________ carefully, the glass model was put into a wooden box. A. Packed B. Packing C. To pack D. Pack 题型贯通·能力迁移 一、单项选择 1. The manager offered ________ the new worker with the task. A. help B. helping C. to help D. helped 2. After class, the students stopped ________ the teacher a few questions. A. ask B. to ask C. asking D. asked 3. The notice ________ on the wall is about the school trip. A. put B. putting C. to put D. puts 4. The guide warned the tourists ________ close to the river. A. not go B. not to go C. not going D. not gone 5. ________ the ticket, she went into the hall quietly. A. Checked B. Having checked C. To checking D. Check 二、语境填空 1. Use the correct form: The workers are used to ________ (wear) helmets. 2. Use the correct form: The machine was seen ________ (shake) during the test. 3. Use the correct form: The woman ________ (talk) with the students is our head teacher. 4. Use the correct form: ________ (repair) the bike, he rode to school on time. 5. Use the correct form: The door needs ________ (paint) this weekend. 三、句型转换与改错 1. Sentence transformation: The window needs washing. = The window needs ________. 2. Correction: She is interested in learn computer design. 3. Correction: The letter sending yesterday has arrived. 4. Sentence completion: 为了保持健康，他每天步行上学。He walks to school every day ________ healthy. 5. Correction: The teacher told us not waste paper. 1. （2022年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第1题）Your room is so dirty. It needs ________. A. to be cleaned B. to be cleaning C. clean D. cleaned 2.（2022年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第9题）My mother encouraged me ________. A. not to give up B. to not give up C. not give up D. give up 3.（2024年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第8题）________ the dirty clothes, the little boy hung them up in the yard. A. Was washed B. Washed C. Were washed D. Having washed 4. （2024年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第10题）I’m reading a book ________ by Lao She. A. write B. to write C. writing D. written 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $