专题5 语态与被动结构(讲义)-2027年甘肃省(中职升学考试)《英语一轮讲练测》(原卷版+解析版)

2026-07-18
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学段 中职
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 -
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 被动语态
使用场景 中职复习-一轮复习
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 甘肃省
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 200 KB
发布时间 2026-07-18
更新时间 2026-07-18
作者 xkw_053091371
品牌系列 上好课·一轮讲练测
审核时间 2026-07-18
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/58869375.html
价格 4.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

内容正文:

编写说明:2027年甘肃省(中职升学考试)《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练,在编写中融入支架式教学理念,紧扣甘肃省中职升学考试英语真题考情,将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单,以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础,再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强,实操性好,为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径,高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是2027年甘肃省(中职升学考试)《英语一轮讲练测》的第5个专题,内容为语态与被动结构。 2027年甘肃省(中职升学考试) 《英语一轮讲练测》复习讲义 专题5 语态与被动结构 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 考点1 被动语态基本结构:be + 过去分词 即时训练 考点2 不同时态中的被动结构 即时训练 考点3 含情态动词的被动语态 即时训练 考点4 主动形式中的被动含义 即时训练 考点5 过去分词作定语和表语 即时训练 题型贯通·能力迁移 04 真题溯源·考向感知 一、历年真题定位:语态与被动结构在甘肃卷单项选择中稳定出现 甘肃卷对被动语态的考查稳定集中在单项选择中,常与时态标志、主谓一致、非谓语动词和过去分词定语结合。 年份 真题考点 一轮复习提示 2021 第1题yesterday + was found 一般过去时被动是基础高频。 2022 第1题need to be cleaned 物作主语表示需要被做。 2023 第3题next Monday + will be given 将来时被动必须写will be done。 2024 第10题book written by Lao She 过去分词作定语是被动结构的压缩形式。 二、命题预警 只根据时间选过去式,忘记主语与动词是被动关系。 will后直接接过去分词,漏掉be。 把过去分词作定语误认为谓语。 一、知识主干 被动语态的核心是主语承受动作。判断时不能只看动词意思,还要看主语能不能主动做这个动作。be动词体现时态和主谓一致,过去分词体现被动动作。被动结构的复习要把谓语被动、非谓语被动和主动形式表被动放在一起比较。was found、will be given是完整谓语;written by Lao She是过去分词定语;needs cleaning是主动形式表达被动意义。三者形式不同,但核心都是主语或名词承受动作。 本专题以大纲中的“语态概述—各时态被动—句式变化—主动变被动—主动形式表被动—特殊被动”为框架,重点讲清be形式、过去分词和主语承受动作之间的对应关系。 甘肃真题常把被动语态与时间标志、情态动词、need结构、过去分词定语合并考查,因此每个知识点都要同时看语义关系和形式变化。 知识板块 核心判断 常见考法 易错提醒 被动语态基本结构:be + 过去分词 看主语是否为动作承受者,再根据时态确定be形式。 was found, will be given, is made等基础被动结构。 把过去分词和过去式混用;find-found与found-founded混淆。 不同时态中的被动结构 先找时间标志,再确定be动词时态,最后写过去分词。 next Monday + will be done;yesterday + was/were done。 只看到被动关系而忽略时间;把will be done误写成will done。 含情态动词的被动语态 看can/must/should等情态动词后,主语是否承受动作。 rules must be followed, room should be cleaned。 情态动词后漏be;把done写成do或doing。 主动形式中的被动含义 看主语是物还是人,判断是否表达“某物需要被做”。 need to be cleaned/need cleaning;be worth doing。 物作主语不能写need clean;need doing本身含被动意义。 过去分词作定语和表语 看名词与动词是否存在被动关系,或主语是否处于某种被动后状态。 a book written by...、a broken machine、be interested in。 过去分词不是谓语时前面没有be;不要把done误判为过去式谓语。 二、知识联系 1. 圈出主语和动词,判断主语是执行者还是承受者。 2. 找时间标志,确定be动词形式。 3. 核对过去分词形式。 4. 若空格不是谓语位置,再判断是否为过去分词作定语或表语。 考点1 被动语态基本结构:be + 过去分词 考情定位:2021年第1题直接考查一般过去时被动语态。 一、知识精讲 1. 被动语态表达“主语承受动作” (1)被动语态用于说明主语是动作的承受者。The little cat was found yesterday. 中cat不是发现别人,而是被别人发现。 (2)判断被动不能只依赖by短语。The room is cleaned every day没有出现by,但room仍然是clean的承受者。 (3)若主语是动作执行者,就不用被动。The worker found the cat. 中worker主动found,所以用主动语态。 2. be + 过去分词的分工 (1)be动词体现时态、人称和单复数,过去分词体现被动动作。The window was cleaned. 中was说明过去和单数,cleaned说明被打扫。 (2)一般现在时被动为am/is/are done,一般过去时被动为was/were done,一般将来时被动为will be done。 (3)只写过去分词不能构成完整被动谓语。The bridge built in 1998如果没有谓语,只是名词短语的一部分;The bridge was built in 1998才是完整句子。 3. 过去分词与过去式的区别 (1)规则动词的过去式和过去分词形式相同,如cleaned、opened;不规则动词常不同,如write-wrote-written,give-gave-given。 (2)find的过去式和过去分词都是found;found作“建立”时,过去式和过去分词是founded。The cat was found和The school was founded不能混淆。 (3)做被动语态题时,要同时检查be动词和过去分词。缺少be或过去分词形式错误,结构都不完整。 4. 主动句与被动句的转换关系 (1)主动句宾语可变为被动句主语。They clean the classroom every day. 可变为The classroom is cleaned every day.。 (2)转换后,原来的动作执行者可用by引出,也可以省略。实际表达中若执行者不重要或不清楚,常省略by短语。 (3)不及物动词没有宾语,通常不能变被动,如happen、take place、arrive、appear等。 时态 结构 例句 提示 一般现在时 am/is/are + done The room is cleaned every day. every day 一般过去时 was/were + done The wallet was found yesterday. yesterday 一般将来时 will be + done The meeting will be held tomorrow. tomorrow 二、即时训练 1. The school gate ________ at seven every morning. A. opens B. is opened C. opened D. opening 【答案】B 【解析】gate是被打开的对象,every morning提示一般现在时被动。 2. The missing ID card ________ in the dining hall yesterday. A. found B. was found C. is found D. finds 【答案】B 【解析】ID card是被找到的对象,yesterday提示一般过去时。 3. These desks ________ by the students last weekend. A. painted B. are painted C. were painted D. paint 【答案】C 【解析】desks与paint是被动关系,last weekend提示过去时,复数用were。 4. The local noodles ________ by many visitors. A. love B. loved C. are loved D. loving 【答案】C 【解析】noodles是被喜爱的对象,表示一般事实用are loved。 5. The old photo ________ in a box in 2021. A. discovered B. was discovered C. is discovered D. discovers 【答案】B 【解析】photo是被发现的对象,in 2021提示一般过去时。 考点2 不同时态中的被动结构 考情定位:2023年第3题考查next Monday + will be given。 一、知识精讲 1. 一般现在时被动:am/is/are + done (1)一般现在时被动用于经常性、习惯性或客观事实。The machines are checked every day. 表示机器每天被检查。 (2)主语单数用is done,复数用are done,I用am done。The room is cleaned. / The rooms are cleaned.。 (3)every day、often、usually、in many schools等常提示一般现在时。 2. 一般过去时被动:was/were + done (1)一般过去时被动表示过去某时主语承受动作。The wallet was found yesterday. 钱包昨天被找到了。 (2)单数主语用was done,复数主语用were done。The windows were cleaned last Friday. 中windows是复数。 (3)yesterday、last week、in 2021、just now等常提示一般过去时。 3. 一般将来时被动:will be + done (1)一般将来时被动表示将来某时主语将承受动作。The speech will be given next Monday. 演讲将在下周一举行。 (2)will后必须保留be,再接过去分词。will given少了be,will give则是主动。 (3)be going to be done也可表示将来被动,如A new center is going to be built next year.。 4. 完成时和进行时被动 (1)现在完成时被动为has/have been done,强调动作已经完成并影响现在。The work has been finished. 中been不能省略。 (2)现在进行时被动为am/is/are being done,表示正在被做。The road is being repaired now. 表示道路正在被修。 (3)这两类结构在中职考试中出现频率低于一般现在、一般过去和一般将来,但要能识别。 时间信号 被动结构 例句 易错点 every day is/are done The machines are checked every day. 不要用过去时 yesterday was/were done The form was filled in yesterday. 主语复数用were tomorrow will be done The test will be taken next week. will后有be 二、即时训练 6. More books ________ to the village school next month. A. send B. sent C. will send D. will be sent 【答案】D 【解析】next month提示将来,books是被送,用will be sent。 7. The workshop floor ________ every afternoon. A. sweeps B. is swept C. was swept D. sweeping 【答案】B 【解析】every afternoon提示一般现在时,floor是被扫。 8. The forms ________ before the meeting began. A. checked B. were checked C. are checked D. will check 【答案】B 【解析】forms是被检查,began提示过去背景,用were checked。 9. The problem has already ________ by the service team. A. solved B. been solved C. solving D. be solved 【答案】B 【解析】has already提示现在完成时,被动为has been solved。 10. A new bus stop ________ near our school soon. A. builds B. built C. will be built D. has built 【答案】C 【解析】soon提示将来,bus stop是被建造,用will be built。 考点3 含情态动词的被动语态 考情定位:常出现在校规、通知、职业操作规范语境中。 一、知识精讲 1. 基本形式:情态动词 + be + done (1)含情态动词的被动语态结构固定为can/must/should/may + be +过去分词。be用原形,不随主语变化。 (2)The rules must be followed. 表示规则必须被遵守。must are followed、must followed都不是正确结构。 (3)情态动词表达态度或可能性,被动含义仍由be done承担。 2. must be done:规则、义务和安全要求 (1)must be done语气较强,表示必须被做,常用于规章制度、安全操作和正式要求。Helmets must be worn in the workshop.。 (2)主语常是rules、medicine、forms、machines、tools等本身不能主动执行动作的名词。 (3)否定形式为must not be done,表示禁止被做。This machine must not be used by children.。 3. should/can/may be done:建议、能力和可能 (1)should be done表示应该被做,语气比must弱。The report should be checked before it is handed in.。 (2)can be done表示可以或能够被做。The form can be completed online. 表示表格可以在线填写。 (3)may be done表示可能被做或被允许做。The plan may be changed later. 表示计划以后可能被更改。 4. 疑问句和否定句的变化 (1)疑问句把情态动词提前,但be done结构保留。Can the tickets be bought online? 中be bought不能省略。 (2)否定句在情态动词后加not:Food should not be brought into the computer room.。 (3)回答时仍用情态动词,如Yes, it can. / No, it can't.,不用do或does。 情态动词 结构 意义 例句 must must be done 必须被做 Rules must be followed. should should be done 应该被做 The report should be checked. can can be done 可以被做 The task can be finished. 二、即时训练 11. The lab coats must ________ during the experiment. A. wear B. be worn C. worn D. wearing 【答案】B 【解析】must be done表示必须被做,coats是被穿。 12. This message should ________ to all class members. A. send B. sent C. be sent D. sending 【答案】C 【解析】should后被动结构为be sent。 13. The computer can ________ after the software is updated. A. use B. used C. be used D. using 【答案】C 【解析】computer是被使用的对象,用can be used。 14. Personal information must not ________ online carelessly. A. share B. be shared C. shared D. sharing 【答案】B 【解析】情态动词否定被动为must not be done。 15. Can the tickets ________ at the station today? A. buy B. be bought C. bought D. buying 【答案】B 【解析】疑问句中情态动词提前,后面仍用be bought。 考点4 主动形式中的被动含义 考情定位:2022年第1题考查It needs to be cleaned。 一、知识精讲 1. need to do与need doing (1)need to do通常表示主语需要去做某事,主语是动作执行者。We need to clean the classroom. 是我们需要打扫教室。 (2)need doing用于物作主语时,表示“需要被做”。The classroom needs cleaning. 是教室需要被打扫。 (3)need doing可转换为need to be done。The bike needs repairing. = The bike needs to be repaired.。 2. 物作主语时的被动意义 (1)当主语是room、bike、machine、notice、floor等物,后面接need时,常表示这个物需要被处理。 (2)The notice needs to be written in larger letters. 中notice是被写的对象;The flowers need watering. 中flowers是被浇水的对象。 (3)如果主语是人,则通常用need to do。The students need to water the flowers. 中students是执行者。 3. be worth doing (1)be worth doing表示“值得被做”,doing主动形式表达被动意义。The film is worth watching. 是电影值得被看。 (2)worth后不接to do,不能写worth to watch。若接名词,可说be worth the money。 (3)常见主语有film、book、story、plan、activity、place等。The book is worth reading. 表示这本书值得读。 4. require/want doing的识别 (1)require doing和want doing也可在物作主语时表示被动含义。The wall requires painting. 表示墙需要被粉刷。 (2)want doing较口语化,require doing较正式。中职复习重点仍是need doing,其他结构以识别为主。 (3)不能把所有doing都理解成被动。只有在物作主语且表达“需要被处理”时,doing才具有这种被动意义。 结构 主语 意义 例句 sb. need to do 人 需要做某事 We need to clean the room. sth. need to be done 物 需要被做 The room needs to be cleaned. be worth doing 物/事 值得被做 The story is worth reading. 二、即时训练 16. The garden needs ________ after three dry days. A. water B. watering C. to water D. watered 【答案】B 【解析】garden需要被浇水,用need doing。 17. We need ________ the tools before the next lesson. A. check B. checking C. to check D. checked 【答案】C 【解析】主语we是执行者,用need to do。 18. The short report is worth ________ twice. A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads 【答案】B 【解析】be worth doing表示值得被做。 19. The classroom wall requires ________ before the new term. A. paint B. to paint C. painting D. painted 【答案】C 【解析】wall是被粉刷对象,require doing可表被动意义。 20. The old notice needs ________ with a clearer one. A. replace B. replacing C. to replace D. replaced 【答案】B 【解析】notice需要被替换,用need replacing。 考点5 过去分词作定语和表语 考情定位:2024年第10题体现被动结构简化。 一、知识精讲 1. 过去分词作定语:表示被动或完成 (1)过去分词修饰名词时,常表示名词承受动作,或动作已经完成。a broken cup是打破了的杯子,a repaired bike是修好的自行车。 (2)the book written by Lao She中,book是被write的对象,所以用written。这个结构相当于the book which was written by Lao She。 (3)过去分词作定语不是完整谓语,前面不一定有be。The products made in this workshop are popular. 中made in this workshop修饰products,真正谓语是are popular。 2. 前置定语和后置定语 (1)单个过去分词常放在名词前,如a used car、a closed door、a broken window。 (2)过去分词短语较长时常放在名词后,如the report written yesterday、the tools used in class。 (3)无论前置还是后置,都要保持名词与动作之间的被动或完成关系。 3. 过去分词作表语:表示状态或感受 (1)The door is closed. 中closed作表语,说明门处于关闭状态。若说The door was closed by Tom. 则更强调Tom关门这个动作。 (2)interested、excited、worried、satisfied、surprised等-ed形式常描述人的感受或状态。The students were interested in the show.。 (3)这类-ed形式有时已经形容词化,不完全等同于被动语态。 4. -ed与-ing形容词的区别 (1)-ed形式多描述人的感受:interested students感兴趣的学生,excited children兴奋的孩子。 (2)-ing形式多描述事物本身给人的感觉:an interesting story有趣的故事,an exciting game令人兴奋的比赛。 (3)若主语是人,多考虑-ed;若主语是事物或活动,多考虑-ing,但最终仍要结合句意。 用法 形式 例句 判断 前置定语 done +名词 a used car 名词承受动作 后置定语 名词 + done短语 the plan made yesterday 短语较长后置 表语状态 be + done The shop is closed. 强调状态 二、即时训练 21. The meal ________ by the students tasted delicious. A. cook B. cooking C. cooked D. cooks 【答案】C 【解析】meal是被做的,用过去分词cooked作后置定语。 22. The ________ screen should be changed before class. A. damage B. damaged C. damaging D. damages 【答案】B 【解析】damaged screen表示受损的屏幕。 23. The children were ________ about the science show. A. excite B. excited C. exciting D. excites 【答案】B 【解析】描述人的感受用excited。 24. The chairs ________ for the meeting are in the hall. A. prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. prepares 【答案】C 【解析】chairs是被准备的,用prepared作定语。 25. The door remained ________ during the online test. A. lock B. locked C. locking D. locks 【答案】B 【解析】locked作表语,表示门处于上锁状态。 题型贯通·能力迁移 被动结构不仅出现在单项选择中,也会影响阅读长句理解。遇到written by、made in、designed for等过去分词短语,要理解为被动修饰关系。 一、单项选择 26. The notice board ________ once a week. A. updates B. is updated C. updated D. updating 【答案】B 【解析】notice board是被更新的对象,once a week提示一般现在时。 27. The sports meeting ________ next Friday if the weather is fine. A. holds B. held C. will hold D. will be held 【答案】D 【解析】sports meeting是被举行,用将来时被动。 28. All borrowed books must ________ before June 20. A. return B. returned C. be returned D. returning 【答案】C 【解析】books是被归还的对象,must后用be done。 29. The new film is worth ________ with classmates. A. discuss B. discussing C. to discuss D. discusses 【答案】B 【解析】be worth doing为固定结构。 30. The uniforms ________ for the volunteers arrived yesterday. A. design B. designing C. designed D. designs 【答案】C 【解析】uniforms与design是被动关系,用designed作定语。 二、语境填空 31. Use the correct form: The windows ________ (close) before the storm came. 【答案】were closed 【解析】windows是被关闭,storm came提示过去时。 32. Use the correct form: The homework should ________ (hand) in on time. 【答案】be handed 【解析】should后用be done。 33. Use the correct form: The new bridge ________ (complete) soon. 【答案】will be completed 【解析】soon提示将来,被动为will be done。 34. Use the correct form: The old maps require ________ (update). 【答案】updating / to be updated 【解析】maps需要被更新,可用require doing。 35. Use the correct form: The rules ________ (make) for the contest are clear. 【答案】made 【解析】rules与make是被动关系,用过去分词作定语。 三、改错与转换 36. Correction: The hall must clean before the show. 【答案】clean改为be cleaned 【解析】hall是被打扫,must后接be done。 37. Correction: The letters will sent tomorrow morning. 【答案】will sent改为will be sent 【解析】将来时被动结构为will be done。 38. Sentence transformation: The shoes need cleaning. = The shoes need ________. 【答案】to be cleaned 【解析】need doing可转换为need to be done。 39. Correction: The story sounded interested to the children. 【答案】interested改为interesting 【解析】描述事物特征用interesting。 40. Sentence completion: 这些表格每月被检查一次。These forms ________ once a month. 【答案】are checked 【解析】once a month提示一般现在时被动。 一、真题溯源·考向感知 (改编自2021年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第1题) 41. The little dog ________ near the playground yesterday. A. was found B. is found C. was founded D. is founded 【答案】A 【解析】dog与find是被动关系,yesterday提示一般过去时;find的过去分词是found。 (改编自2023年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第3题) 42. A safety lesson ________ by Miss Zhang next Tuesday. A. is given B. gives C. will give D. will be given 【答案】D 【解析】lesson与give是被动关系,next Tuesday提示一般将来时。 (改编自2024年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第10题) 43. She is reading a story ________ by a famous writer. A. write B. to write C. writing D. written 【答案】D 【解析】story与write是被动关系,用written作后置定语。 二、考向总结 被动语态考查重点不是机械背结构,而是看主语是否承受动作。 时间标志和主谓一致决定be形式,过去分词决定被动动作。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 编写说明:2027年甘肃省(中职升学考试)《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练,在编写中融入支架式教学理念,紧扣甘肃省中职升学考试英语真题考情,将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单,以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础,再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强,实操性好,为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径,高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是2027年甘肃省(中职升学考试)《英语一轮讲练测》的第5个专题,内容为语态与被动结构。 2027年甘肃省(中职升学考试) 《英语一轮讲练测》复习讲义 专题5 语态与被动结构 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 考点1 被动语态基本结构:be + 过去分词 即时训练 考点2 不同时态中的被动结构 即时训练 考点3 含情态动词的被动语态 即时训练 考点4 主动形式中的被动含义 即时训练 考点5 过去分词作定语和表语 即时训练 题型贯通·能力迁移 04 真题溯源·考向感知 一、历年真题定位:语态与被动结构在甘肃卷单项选择中稳定出现 甘肃卷对被动语态的考查稳定集中在单项选择中,常与时态标志、主谓一致、非谓语动词和过去分词定语结合。 年份 真题考点 一轮复习提示 2021 第1题yesterday + was found 一般过去时被动是基础高频。 2022 第1题need to be cleaned 物作主语表示需要被做。 2023 第3题next Monday + will be given 将来时被动必须写will be done。 2024 第10题book written by Lao She 过去分词作定语是被动结构的压缩形式。 二、命题预警 只根据时间选过去式,忘记主语与动词是被动关系。 will后直接接过去分词,漏掉be。 把过去分词作定语误认为谓语。 一、知识主干 被动语态的核心是主语承受动作。判断时不能只看动词意思,还要看主语能不能主动做这个动作。be动词体现时态和主谓一致,过去分词体现被动动作。被动结构的复习要把谓语被动、非谓语被动和主动形式表被动放在一起比较。was found、will be given是完整谓语;written by Lao She是过去分词定语;needs cleaning是主动形式表达被动意义。三者形式不同,但核心都是主语或名词承受动作。 本专题以大纲中的“语态概述—各时态被动—句式变化—主动变被动—主动形式表被动—特殊被动”为框架,重点讲清be形式、过去分词和主语承受动作之间的对应关系。 甘肃真题常把被动语态与时间标志、情态动词、need结构、过去分词定语合并考查,因此每个知识点都要同时看语义关系和形式变化。 知识板块 核心判断 常见考法 易错提醒 被动语态基本结构:be + 过去分词 看主语是否为动作承受者,再根据时态确定be形式。 was found, will be given, is made等基础被动结构。 把过去分词和过去式混用;find-found与found-founded混淆。 不同时态中的被动结构 先找时间标志,再确定be动词时态,最后写过去分词。 next Monday + will be done;yesterday + was/were done。 只看到被动关系而忽略时间;把will be done误写成will done。 含情态动词的被动语态 看can/must/should等情态动词后,主语是否承受动作。 rules must be followed, room should be cleaned。 情态动词后漏be;把done写成do或doing。 主动形式中的被动含义 看主语是物还是人,判断是否表达“某物需要被做”。 need to be cleaned/need cleaning;be worth doing。 物作主语不能写need clean;need doing本身含被动意义。 过去分词作定语和表语 看名词与动词是否存在被动关系,或主语是否处于某种被动后状态。 a book written by...、a broken machine、be interested in。 过去分词不是谓语时前面没有be;不要把done误判为过去式谓语。 二、知识联系 1. 圈出主语和动词,判断主语是执行者还是承受者。 2. 找时间标志,确定be动词形式。 3. 核对过去分词形式。 4. 若空格不是谓语位置,再判断是否为过去分词作定语或表语。 考点1 被动语态基本结构:be + 过去分词 考情定位:2021年第1题直接考查一般过去时被动语态。 一、知识精讲 1. 被动语态表达“主语承受动作” (1)被动语态用于说明主语是动作的承受者。The little cat was found yesterday. 中cat不是发现别人,而是被别人发现。 (2)判断被动不能只依赖by短语。The room is cleaned every day没有出现by,但room仍然是clean的承受者。 (3)若主语是动作执行者,就不用被动。The worker found the cat. 中worker主动found,所以用主动语态。 2. be + 过去分词的分工 (1)be动词体现时态、人称和单复数,过去分词体现被动动作。The window was cleaned. 中was说明过去和单数,cleaned说明被打扫。 (2)一般现在时被动为am/is/are done,一般过去时被动为was/were done,一般将来时被动为will be done。 (3)只写过去分词不能构成完整被动谓语。The bridge built in 1998如果没有谓语,只是名词短语的一部分;The bridge was built in 1998才是完整句子。 3. 过去分词与过去式的区别 (1)规则动词的过去式和过去分词形式相同,如cleaned、opened;不规则动词常不同,如write-wrote-written,give-gave-given。 (2)find的过去式和过去分词都是found;found作“建立”时,过去式和过去分词是founded。The cat was found和The school was founded不能混淆。 (3)做被动语态题时,要同时检查be动词和过去分词。缺少be或过去分词形式错误,结构都不完整。 4. 主动句与被动句的转换关系 (1)主动句宾语可变为被动句主语。They clean the classroom every day. 可变为The classroom is cleaned every day.。 (2)转换后,原来的动作执行者可用by引出,也可以省略。实际表达中若执行者不重要或不清楚,常省略by短语。 (3)不及物动词没有宾语,通常不能变被动,如happen、take place、arrive、appear等。 时态 结构 例句 提示 一般现在时 am/is/are + done The room is cleaned every day. every day 一般过去时 was/were + done The wallet was found yesterday. yesterday 一般将来时 will be + done The meeting will be held tomorrow. tomorrow 二、即时训练 1. The school gate ________ at seven every morning. A. opens B. is opened C. opened D. opening 2. The missing ID card ________ in the dining hall yesterday. A. found B. was found C. is found D. finds 3. These desks ________ by the students last weekend. A. painted B. are painted C. were painted D. paint 4. The local noodles ________ by many visitors. A. love B. loved C. are loved D. loving 5. The old photo ________ in a box in 2021. A. discovered B. was discovered C. is discovered D. discovers 考点2 不同时态中的被动结构 考情定位:2023年第3题考查next Monday + will be given。 一、知识精讲 1. 一般现在时被动:am/is/are + done (1)一般现在时被动用于经常性、习惯性或客观事实。The machines are checked every day. 表示机器每天被检查。 (2)主语单数用is done,复数用are done,I用am done。The room is cleaned. / The rooms are cleaned.。 (3)every day、often、usually、in many schools等常提示一般现在时。 2. 一般过去时被动:was/were + done (1)一般过去时被动表示过去某时主语承受动作。The wallet was found yesterday. 钱包昨天被找到了。 (2)单数主语用was done,复数主语用were done。The windows were cleaned last Friday. 中windows是复数。 (3)yesterday、last week、in 2021、just now等常提示一般过去时。 3. 一般将来时被动:will be + done (1)一般将来时被动表示将来某时主语将承受动作。The speech will be given next Monday. 演讲将在下周一举行。 (2)will后必须保留be,再接过去分词。will given少了be,will give则是主动。 (3)be going to be done也可表示将来被动,如A new center is going to be built next year.。 4. 完成时和进行时被动 (1)现在完成时被动为has/have been done,强调动作已经完成并影响现在。The work has been finished. 中been不能省略。 (2)现在进行时被动为am/is/are being done,表示正在被做。The road is being repaired now. 表示道路正在被修。 (3)这两类结构在中职考试中出现频率低于一般现在、一般过去和一般将来,但要能识别。 时间信号 被动结构 例句 易错点 every day is/are done The machines are checked every day. 不要用过去时 yesterday was/were done The form was filled in yesterday. 主语复数用were tomorrow will be done The test will be taken next week. will后有be 二、即时训练 6. More books ________ to the village school next month. A. send B. sent C. will send D. will be sent 7. The workshop floor ________ every afternoon. A. sweeps B. is swept C. was swept D. sweeping 8. The forms ________ before the meeting began. A. checked B. were checked C. are checked D. will check 9. The problem has already ________ by the service team. A. solved B. been solved C. solving D. be solved 10. A new bus stop ________ near our school soon. A. builds B. built C. will be built D. has built 考点3 含情态动词的被动语态 考情定位:常出现在校规、通知、职业操作规范语境中。 一、知识精讲 1. 基本形式:情态动词 + be + done (1)含情态动词的被动语态结构固定为can/must/should/may + be +过去分词。be用原形,不随主语变化。 (2)The rules must be followed. 表示规则必须被遵守。must are followed、must followed都不是正确结构。 (3)情态动词表达态度或可能性,被动含义仍由be done承担。 2. must be done:规则、义务和安全要求 (1)must be done语气较强,表示必须被做,常用于规章制度、安全操作和正式要求。Helmets must be worn in the workshop.。 (2)主语常是rules、medicine、forms、machines、tools等本身不能主动执行动作的名词。 (3)否定形式为must not be done,表示禁止被做。This machine must not be used by children.。 3. should/can/may be done:建议、能力和可能 (1)should be done表示应该被做,语气比must弱。The report should be checked before it is handed in.。 (2)can be done表示可以或能够被做。The form can be completed online. 表示表格可以在线填写。 (3)may be done表示可能被做或被允许做。The plan may be changed later. 表示计划以后可能被更改。 4. 疑问句和否定句的变化 (1)疑问句把情态动词提前,但be done结构保留。Can the tickets be bought online? 中be bought不能省略。 (2)否定句在情态动词后加not:Food should not be brought into the computer room.。 (3)回答时仍用情态动词,如Yes, it can. / No, it can't.,不用do或does。 情态动词 结构 意义 例句 must must be done 必须被做 Rules must be followed. should should be done 应该被做 The report should be checked. can can be done 可以被做 The task can be finished. 二、即时训练 11. The lab coats must ________ during the experiment. A. wear B. be worn C. worn D. wearing 12. This message should ________ to all class members. A. send B. sent C. be sent D. sending 13. The computer can ________ after the software is updated. A. use B. used C. be used D. using 14. Personal information must not ________ online carelessly. A. share B. be shared C. shared D. sharing 15. Can the tickets ________ at the station today? A. buy B. be bought C. bought D. buying 考点4 主动形式中的被动含义 考情定位:2022年第1题考查It needs to be cleaned。 一、知识精讲 1. need to do与need doing (1)need to do通常表示主语需要去做某事,主语是动作执行者。We need to clean the classroom. 是我们需要打扫教室。 (2)need doing用于物作主语时,表示“需要被做”。The classroom needs cleaning. 是教室需要被打扫。 (3)need doing可转换为need to be done。The bike needs repairing. = The bike needs to be repaired.。 2. 物作主语时的被动意义 (1)当主语是room、bike、machine、notice、floor等物,后面接need时,常表示这个物需要被处理。 (2)The notice needs to be written in larger letters. 中notice是被写的对象;The flowers need watering. 中flowers是被浇水的对象。 (3)如果主语是人,则通常用need to do。The students need to water the flowers. 中students是执行者。 3. be worth doing (1)be worth doing表示“值得被做”,doing主动形式表达被动意义。The film is worth watching. 是电影值得被看。 (2)worth后不接to do,不能写worth to watch。若接名词,可说be worth the money。 (3)常见主语有film、book、story、plan、activity、place等。The book is worth reading. 表示这本书值得读。 4. require/want doing的识别 (1)require doing和want doing也可在物作主语时表示被动含义。The wall requires painting. 表示墙需要被粉刷。 (2)want doing较口语化,require doing较正式。中职复习重点仍是need doing,其他结构以识别为主。 (3)不能把所有doing都理解成被动。只有在物作主语且表达“需要被处理”时,doing才具有这种被动意义。 结构 主语 意义 例句 sb. need to do 人 需要做某事 We need to clean the room. sth. need to be done 物 需要被做 The room needs to be cleaned. be worth doing 物/事 值得被做 The story is worth reading. 二、即时训练 16. The garden needs ________ after three dry days. A. water B. watering C. to water D. watered 17. We need ________ the tools before the next lesson. A. check B. checking C. to check D. checked 18. The short report is worth ________ twice. A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads 19. The classroom wall requires ________ before the new term. A. paint B. to paint C. painting D. painted 20. The old notice needs ________ with a clearer one. A. replace B. replacing C. to replace D. replaced 考点5 过去分词作定语和表语 考情定位:2024年第10题体现被动结构简化。 一、知识精讲 1. 过去分词作定语:表示被动或完成 (1)过去分词修饰名词时,常表示名词承受动作,或动作已经完成。a broken cup是打破了的杯子,a repaired bike是修好的自行车。 (2)the book written by Lao She中,book是被write的对象,所以用written。这个结构相当于the book which was written by Lao She。 (3)过去分词作定语不是完整谓语,前面不一定有be。The products made in this workshop are popular. 中made in this workshop修饰products,真正谓语是are popular。 2. 前置定语和后置定语 (1)单个过去分词常放在名词前,如a used car、a closed door、a broken window。 (2)过去分词短语较长时常放在名词后,如the report written yesterday、the tools used in class。 (3)无论前置还是后置,都要保持名词与动作之间的被动或完成关系。 3. 过去分词作表语:表示状态或感受 (1)The door is closed. 中closed作表语,说明门处于关闭状态。若说The door was closed by Tom. 则更强调Tom关门这个动作。 (2)interested、excited、worried、satisfied、surprised等-ed形式常描述人的感受或状态。The students were interested in the show.。 (3)这类-ed形式有时已经形容词化,不完全等同于被动语态。 4. -ed与-ing形容词的区别 (1)-ed形式多描述人的感受:interested students感兴趣的学生,excited children兴奋的孩子。 (2)-ing形式多描述事物本身给人的感觉:an interesting story有趣的故事,an exciting game令人兴奋的比赛。 (3)若主语是人,多考虑-ed;若主语是事物或活动,多考虑-ing,但最终仍要结合句意。 用法 形式 例句 判断 前置定语 done +名词 a used car 名词承受动作 后置定语 名词 + done短语 the plan made yesterday 短语较长后置 表语状态 be + done The shop is closed. 强调状态 二、即时训练 21. The meal ________ by the students tasted delicious. A. cook B. cooking C. cooked D. cooks 22. The ________ screen should be changed before class. A. damage B. damaged C. damaging D. damages 23. The children were ________ about the science show. A. excite B. excited C. exciting D. excites 24. The chairs ________ for the meeting are in the hall. A. prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. prepares 25. The door remained ________ during the online test. A. lock B. locked C. locking D. locks 题型贯通·能力迁移 被动结构不仅出现在单项选择中,也会影响阅读长句理解。遇到written by、made in、designed for等过去分词短语,要理解为被动修饰关系。 一、单项选择 26. The notice board ________ once a week. A. updates B. is updated C. updated D. updating 27. The sports meeting ________ next Friday if the weather is fine. A. holds B. held C. will hold D. will be held 28. All borrowed books must ________ before June 20. A. return B. returned C. be returned D. returning 29. The new film is worth ________ with classmates. A. discuss B. discussing C. to discuss D. discusses 30. The uniforms ________ for the volunteers arrived yesterday. A. design B. designing C. designed D. designs 二、语境填空 31. Use the correct form: The windows ________ (close) before the storm came. 32. Use the correct form: The homework should ________ (hand) in on time. 33. Use the correct form: The new bridge ________ (complete) soon. 34. Use the correct form: The old maps require ________ (update). 35. Use the correct form: The rules ________ (make) for the contest are clear. 三、改错与转换 36. Correction: The hall must clean before the show. 37. Correction: The letters will sent tomorrow morning. 38. Sentence transformation: The shoes need cleaning. = The shoes need ________. 39. Correction: The story sounded interested to the children. 40. Sentence completion: 这些表格每月被检查一次。These forms ________ once a month. 一、真题溯源·考向感知 (改编自2021年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第1题) 41. The little dog ________ near the playground yesterday. A. was found B. is found C. was founded D. is founded (改编自2023年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第3题) 42. A safety lesson ________ by Miss Zhang next Tuesday. A. is given B. gives C. will give D. will be given (改编自2024年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第10题) 43. She is reading a story ________ by a famous writer. A. write B. to write C. writing D. written 二、考向总结 被动语态考查重点不是机械背结构,而是看主语是否承受动作。 时间标志和主谓一致决定be形式,过去分词决定被动动作。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题5 语态与被动结构(讲义)-2027年甘肃省(中职升学考试)《英语一轮讲练测》(原卷版+解析版)
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专题5 语态与被动结构(讲义)-2027年甘肃省(中职升学考试)《英语一轮讲练测》(原卷版+解析版)
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专题5 语态与被动结构(讲义)-2027年甘肃省(中职升学考试)《英语一轮讲练测》(原卷版+解析版)
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