专题6 定语从句（讲义）-2027年甘肃省（中职升学考试）《英语一轮讲练测》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：2027年甘肃省（中职升学考试）《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练，在编写中融入支架式教学理念，紧扣甘肃省中职升学考试英语真题考情，将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单，以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础，再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强，实操性好，为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径，高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是2027年甘肃省（中职升学考试）《英语一轮讲练测》的第6个专题，内容为定语从句。 2027年甘肃省（中职升学考试） 《英语一轮讲练测》复习讲义 专题6 定语从句 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 考点1 定语从句基础：先行词、从句成分与关系词 即时训练 考点2 指人关系词：who、whom、that与whose 即时训练 考点3 指物关系词：which、that与whose 即时训练 考点4 关系副词where、when、why 即时训练 考点5 关系词易混边界：that、which、what与从句语序 即时训练 题型贯通·能力迁移 04 真题溯源·考向感知 一、历年真题定位：定语从句在甘肃卷单项选择中稳定出现 2021—2024年甘肃省中职升学英语真题中，定语从句多次出现在单项选择中，考查关系代词that/who/whose和关系副词where等。 年份 真题考点 一轮复习提示 2021 第5题movie that won；第11题city where...is located 指物作主语用that/which；地点作状语用where。 2022 未在单项选择中直接出现典型定语从句 仍需与名词性从句what/that区分。 2023 第5题girl whose mother... 所属关系用whose。 2024 第9题teacher who taught us 指人作主语用who。 二、命题预警 看到地点名词就选where，但地点名词若作宾语应选which/that。 混淆whose和who，whose后必须接名词。 把what当作定语从句关系词。 一、知识主干 定语从句修饰名词或代词。关系词选择要先找先行词，再把先行词代入从句，判断它在从句中作主语、宾语、定语还是状语。定语从句的本质是用一个句子修饰名词。关系词不是按中文随意替换，而是由先行词和从句成分共同决定。地点、时间、人物、事物只是第一层判断，真正决定答案的是先行词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语还是状语。 本专题以大纲中的“定语从句概述—关系代词—that用法—关系副词—限制性/非限制性—介词+关系代词—易混点”为框架，重点讲清先行词和从句成分。 关系词选择不能只看先行词指人、指物、地点或时间，还要把先行词放回从句中，判断它到底作主语、宾语、定语还是状语。 知识板块 核心判断 常见考法 易错提醒 定语从句基础：先行词、从句成分与关系词 先找先行词，再看关系词在从句中作什么成分。 指人/物作主语或宾语用who/which/that；作定语用whose；作状语用where/when。 把what误用作定语从句关系词。 指人关系词：who、whom、that与whose 先行词指人时，看关系词在从句中作主语、宾语还是定语。 the teacher who taught us；the girl whose mother...。 whose后必须接名词；whom不能作主语。 指物关系词：which、that与whose 先行词指物时，看关系词在从句中作主语、宾语还是定语。 the movie that won...；the book which I bought。 先行词指物不能用who；作地点状语才用where。 关系副词where、when、why 先行词放回从句后，若需加介词才能表达地点、时间、原因，用关系副词。 city where...；day when...；reason why...。 看到地点名词就选where；没有分析从句是否缺宾语。 关系词易混边界：that、which、what与从句语序 核对是否有先行词，核对从句是否缺成分，核对是否为陈述语序。 what不引导定语从句；that/which作关系代词。 把宾语从句引导词what/if与定语从句关系词混淆。 二、知识联系 1. 找先行词，判断它指人、指物、指地点还是指时间。 2. 遮住空格读从句，看从句缺主语、宾语、定语还是状语。 3. 根据成分选择关系代词或关系副词。 4. 核对从句语序和选项边界，排除what、how等非定语从句关系词。 考点1 定语从句基础：先行词、从句成分与关系词 考情定位：甘肃近年定语从句题均为单句选择，核心是关系词判断。 一、知识精讲 1. 定语从句的作用：修饰名词或代词 （1）定语从句用于修饰前面的名词或代词，被修饰的词叫先行词。the teacher who helped us中teacher是先行词，who helped us说明是哪一位teacher。 （2）定语从句让句子把人物、事物、地点、时间等信息说得更具体。The book which is on the desk is mine. 中which is on the desk限定book。 （3）定语从句前通常有明确先行词。若空前没有可修饰的名词，句子可能是名词性从句，而不是定语从句。 2. 关系词的双重作用 （1）关系词既连接主句和从句，又在从句中充当成分。who、which、that可作主语或宾语，whose作定语，where、when、why作状语。 （2）The woman who is speaking is our manager. 中who连接从句，并在从句中作主语。The book which I bought is useful. 中which作bought的宾语。 （3）选择关系词时，要同时看先行词指什么，以及关系词在从句中作什么成分。 3. 关系代词和关系副词 （1）关系代词who、whom、which、that、whose在从句中通常充当主语、宾语或定语。它们代替的是人、物或所属关系。 （2）关系副词where、when、why在从句中作地点、时间或原因状语，分别相当于in/at/on which或for which。 （3）同一个先行词可能对应不同关系词。school作visited的宾语时用which/that；作study发生的地点时用where。 4. 定语从句的语序 （1）定语从句使用陈述语序。Do you know the girl who is singing? 中从句是who is singing，不写who is she singing。 （2）关系词作宾语时，从句中也保持主语在谓语前：the man whom we met，不写whom did we meet。 （3）主句可以是疑问句，但定语从句内部仍然用陈述语序。 步骤 问题 结果 例句 找先行词 修饰哪个名词 person/place/thing the teacher who... 看成分 缺主宾定状 决定类别 the city where... 核对语序 是否陈述语序 避免倒装 who teaches us 二、即时训练 1. This is the workshop ________ my uncle repairs cars. A. which B. where C. who D. what 【答案】B 【解析】workshop在从句中作地点状语，用where。 2. The student ________ is cleaning the blackboard is on duty today. A. who B. which C. when D. where 【答案】A 【解析】student指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用who。 3. I remember the morning ________ we visited the museum. A. which B. who C. when D. whose 【答案】C 【解析】morning在从句中作时间状语，用when。 4. The magazine ________ I borrowed from Lily is on the desk. A. who B. which C. where D. when 【答案】B 【解析】magazine指物，在从句中作borrowed的宾语。 5. He is the classmate ________ project won first prize. A. whose B. whom C. which D. where 【答案】A 【解析】project属于classmate，用whose作定语。 考点2 指人关系词：who、whom、that与whose 考情定位：2024年第9题考查who作主语，2023年第5题考查whose作定语。 一、知识精讲 1. who：指人，可作主语或宾语 （1）who用于先行词指人，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。The teacher who taught us Chinese is kind. 中who作taught的主语。 （2）who作主语时不能省略，因为省略后从句缺少主语。The nurse who helped the old man was patient. 中who不可省。 （3）who作宾语时，口语中常可替代whom。The doctor who you are waiting for has arrived. 中who作for的宾语。 2. whom：指人，只作宾语 （1）whom用于先行词指人，在从句中作宾语。The worker whom we met yesterday can repair the machine. 中whom作met的宾语。 （2）在限制性定语从句中，whom作宾语时常可用who或that替代，也可省略。The worker we met yesterday... 也可以。 （3）介词提前时通常用whom，如the person to whom I spoke。中职考试更常考whom与who的基本成分区别。 3. whose：表示所属关系 （1）whose表示“某人的……”，后面必须接名词。Do you know the girl whose mother is an English teacher? 中mother属于girl。 （2）whose不是who的所有格形式那么简单，它在从句中作定语，和后面的名词一起构成名词短语，如whose bag、whose father、whose project。 （3）whose不能单独作主语。Do you know the girl whose is standing there? 应改为who is standing there。 4. that指人：限制性定语从句中的常用关系词 （1）that可以指人，在限制性定语从句中作主语或宾语。The person that helped me is a nurse. 中that指person。 （2）先行词被the only、the very等限定时，常用that。He is the only student that can answer the question.。 （3）介词提前时一般不用that。the man to whom I spoke比the man to that I spoke规范。 关系词 成分 后接形式 例句 who 主语/宾语 谓语或完整结构 the teacher who taught us whom 宾语 主语+谓语 the man whom I called whose 定语 名词 the boy whose bag was lost 二、即时训练 6. The nurse ________ looked after my grandpa was very patient. A. which B. who C. whose D. where 【答案】B 【解析】nurse指人，关系词作主语，用who。 7. The teacher ________ we thanked yesterday smiled warmly. A. whom B. whose C. which D. when 【答案】A 【解析】teacher指人，关系词作thanked的宾语，可用whom。 8. The girl ________ brother works in the railway station is my neighbor. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 【答案】C 【解析】brother属于girl，用whose brother。 9. He is the very person ________ helped me repair the bike. A. which B. whom C. that D. whose 【答案】C 【解析】先行词person受the very修饰，可用that。 10. The doctor ________ I spoke to gave me useful advice. A. who B. where C. whose D. which 【答案】A 【解析】doctor指人，关系词作介词to的宾语，可用who。 考点3 指物关系词：which、that与whose 考情定位：2021年第5题考查the movie that won。 一、知识精讲 1. which和that的基本指代范围 （1）which和that都可以指物，代替book、film、tool、city、school等表示事物的先行词。The book which/that is on the desk is mine. 中which/that指the book。 （2）二者在限制性定语从句中常可互换。The film that won the prize is very moving. 也可用which。 （3）which通常不指人；先行词指人时，应考虑who、whom或that。 2. which/that在从句中作主语或宾语 （1）作主语时，关系词后直接接谓语。The film that won the prize is very moving. 中that作won的主语。 （2）作宾语时，从句中已有主语，关系词承接动词宾语。This is the tool that I used yesterday. 中I是主语，used缺宾语，that指tool。 （3）关系词作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中常可省略。This is the tool I used yesterday. 省略的是作宾语的that/which。 3. 地点名词也可能用which/that （1）city、school、factory、restaurant等地点名词并不一定用where。若它们在从句中作主语或宾语，仍用which/that。 （2）This is the factory that we visited. 中factory是visited的宾语，所以用that/which。This is the factory where we worked. 中factory表示worked发生的地点，所以用where。 （3）区别which/that与where时，不是看先行词是不是地点，而是看它在从句中承担名词成分还是地点状语。 4. that更常用的几类指物先行词 （1）先行词是不定代词everything、anything、nothing、all、little、much时，常用that。Everything that he said was helpful.。 （2）先行词被the only、the very、最高级或序数词修饰时，常用that。This is the best film that I have ever seen.。 （3）先行词既有人又有物时，常用that。The teacher and the books that are in the room are important to us.。 5. whose也可指物：表示所属关系 （1）whose不仅可指人，也可指物，表示“某物的……”。I like the house whose windows face south. 中windows属于house。 （2）whose后必须接名词，如whose roof、whose color、whose products。它不能像which那样单独指代事物。 （3）只有表示所属关系时才用whose；若只是指物作主语或宾语，用which/that。 先行词 成分 关系词 例句 物 主语 which/that the movie that won 物 宾语 which/that/可省 the book which I need 地点名词 宾语 which/that the city that I visited 二、即时训练 11. The app ________ helps students remember words is popular. A. who B. where C. that D. when 【答案】C 【解析】app指物，关系词作主语，用that/which。 12. This is the camera ________ my cousin bought online. A. who B. which C. where D. when 【答案】B 【解析】camera指物，在从句中作bought的宾语。 13. The library ________ we visited last Friday has many English books. A. where B. who C. which D. when 【答案】C 【解析】library作visited的宾语，不用where。 14. The company ________ products are sold abroad is near the airport. A. whose B. which C. who D. where 【答案】A 【解析】products与company为所属关系，用whose。 15. All the advice ________ she gave was helpful. A. which B. who C. that D. where 【答案】C 【解析】先行词被all修饰，常用that。 考点4 关系副词where、when、why 考情定位：2021年第11题考查city where...。 一、知识精讲 1. where：地点先行词在从句中作地点状语 （1）where引导定语从句时，先行词通常是place、city、school、factory、room等地点名词，并且在从句中作地点状语。 （2）This is the room where we had the meeting. 中we had the meeting结构完整，room表示会议发生的地点。 （3）where可相当于in/at/on which，但具体介词要由地点和动词搭配决定。 2. when：时间先行词在从句中作时间状语 （1）when引导定语从句时，先行词通常是day、year、time、morning等时间名词，并且在从句中作时间状语。 （2）I still remember the day when we entered this school. 中we entered this school结构完整，day表示进入学校的时间。 （3）when可相当于on/in/at which，如the year when he graduated = the year in which he graduated。 3. why：reason后的原因状语 （1）why通常用于先行词reason之后，表示原因状语。That is the reason why he changed his plan. 中why相当于for which。 （2）reason后不一定都用why。The reason that he gave was clear. 中reason作gave的宾语，用that/which。 （3）The reason is that... 中that引导表语从句，说明原因内容，不是定语从句中的why。 4. 关系副词与关系代词的边界 （1）地点、时间、原因名词如果在从句中作宾语，应使用which/that，而不是where/when/why。The day that we spent together was unforgettable. 中day作spent的宾语。 （2）如果从句主谓宾完整，只缺地点、时间或原因状语，才使用where、when或why。 （3）关系副词的本质是“介词+which”，因此它表达的是状语意义，不是名词性成分。 关系副词 先行词 相当于 例句 where 地点 in/at/on which the room where we meet when 时间 in/on/at which the day when we arrived why reason for which the reason why he left 二、即时训练 16. This is the training center ________ we learned first aid. A. which B. where C. who D. what 【答案】B 【解析】training center在从句中作地点状语，用where。 17. I will never forget the day ________ our team won the match. A. when B. which C. who D. whose 【答案】A 【解析】day在从句中作时间状语，用when。 18. No one knows the reason ________ he missed the interview. A. which B. why C. where D. who 【答案】B 【解析】reason后从句表示原因状语，用why。 19. The room ________ the meeting was held is on the second floor. A. where B. which C. whose D. who 【答案】A 【解析】room在从句中作地点状语，用where。 20. The summer ________ we spent in Lanzhou was unforgettable. A. when B. where C. that D. who 【答案】C 【解析】summer作spent的宾语，用that/which，不用when。 考点5 关系词易混边界：that、which、what与从句语序 考情定位：甘肃真题同时出现名词性从句和定语从句，需分清。 一、知识精讲 1. what不引导有先行词的定语从句 （1）what常引导名词性从句，本身相当于“the thing that”，因此前面不再需要先行词。I don't know what he wants to buy. 中what作buy的宾语。 （2）如果空前已有明确先行词，就不能用what引导定语从句。This is the dictionary that he wants to buy. 中dictionary是先行词，应使用that/which。 （3）判断what与which/that时，先看空前是否有被修饰的名词。 2. that在不同从句中的作用 （1）定语从句中的that代替先行词，并在从句中作主语或宾语。the words that he said中that作said的宾语。 （2）名词性从句中的that通常只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分。I know that he is right. 中he is right结构完整。 （3）The news that he passed the exam made us happy. 中that引导同位语从句，说明news的内容，不是指代news的关系代词。 3. which与that的使用边界 （1）which通常指物，可作主语或宾语。the book which I bought中which指book并作bought的宾语。 （2）that可指人或物，限制性定语从句中使用范围更广；但介词提前或非限制性定语从句中通常不用that。 （3）先行词指人时不能用which。The teacher who taught us Chinese中应使用who/that。 4. 从句语序保持陈述语序 （1）无论主句是否为疑问句，定语从句内部都用陈述语序。Do you know the boy who is drawing a map? 中who is drawing是陈述语序。 （2）关系词作宾语时，从句中主语仍放在谓语前。The man whom you met yesterday is my uncle. 不写whom did you meet。 （3）把疑问语序带入定语从句，是关系词题中常见错误。 易混项 用法 例句 判断 what 名词性从句 What he said is true. 前面无先行词 which/that 定语从句指物 the words that he said 前面有先行词 陈述语序 关系词后不倒装 the girl who is singing 不用who is she 二、即时训练 21. Please tell me ________ you found in the old box. A. which B. what C. who D. where 【答案】B 【解析】空前没有先行词，found后缺宾语，用what引导宾语从句。 22. This is the notebook ________ I found in the old box. A. what B. who C. that D. where 【答案】C 【解析】notebook是先行词，关系词作found的宾语，用that/which。 23. The fact ________ he finished the task alone surprised us. A. that B. which C. who D. where 【答案】A 【解析】fact后的从句不缺成分，that引导同位语从句。 24. Do you know the boy ________ is drawing a map on the board? A. who B. what C. whom D. where 【答案】A 【解析】boy指人，关系词作主语，用who。 25. The office ________ she works is bright and quiet. A. which B. where C. what D. who 【答案】B 【解析】office在从句中作地点状语，用where。 题型贯通·能力迁移 定语从句在阅读中常压缩信息，如the teacher who taught us、the city where the site is located。理解关系词功能有助于定位人物、地点和事物特征。 一、单项选择 26. The bus ________ goes to the airport leaves at 8:00. A. who B. which C. where D. when 【答案】B 【解析】bus指物，关系词作主语，用which/that。 27. The woman ________ daughter studies nursing is our English teacher. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which 【答案】B 【解析】daughter与woman是所属关系，用whose。 28. This is the stadium ________ we had the opening ceremony. A. where B. which C. who D. what 【答案】A 【解析】stadium在从句中作地点状语，用where。 29. I prefer stories ________ teach useful life skills. A. who B. whose C. that D. where 【答案】C 【解析】stories指物，关系词作主语，用that/which。 30. The week ________ we prepared for the contest was busy. A. when B. which C. where D. who 【答案】A 【解析】week在从句中作时间状语，用when。 二、关系词填空 31. Fill in the blank: The worker ________ fixed the lift came from a local company. 【答案】who / that 【解析】worker指人，关系词作主语。 32. Fill in the blank: The song ________ we practiced yesterday is easy to sing. 【答案】which / that 【解析】song作practiced的宾语。 33. Fill in the blank: The factory ________ they make schoolbags is very clean. 【答案】where 【解析】factory在从句中作地点状语。 34. Fill in the blank: The boy ________ glasses were broken looked upset. 【答案】whose 【解析】glasses与boy是所属关系。 35. Fill in the blank: That was the reason ________ she chose this club. 【答案】why 【解析】reason后从句表示原因状语。 三、改错与辨析 36. Correction: This is the park where we cleaned last Sunday. 【答案】where改为which/that或省略 【解析】park作cleaned的宾语，不作地点状语。 37. Correction: I met the student whose helped you yesterday. 【答案】whose改为who/that 【解析】关系词作主语，后面直接接谓语helped。 38. Correction: The bag what she bought is blue. 【答案】what改为which/that或省略 【解析】bag是先行词，定语从句不用what。 39. Sentence completion: 这是他们训练的操场。This is the playground ________ they train. 【答案】where 【解析】playground在从句中作地点状语。 40. Sentence completion: 我喜欢那位建议很实用的老师。I like the teacher ________ advice is practical. 【答案】whose 【解析】advice属于teacher，用whose。 一、真题溯源·考向感知 （改编自2021年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第5题） 41. I like the song ________ won the first prize last year. A. whether B. that C. where D. when 【答案】B 【解析】song指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用that/which。 （改编自2021年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第11题） 42. Dunhuang is a famous place ________ the Mogao Caves are located. A. when B. where C. while D. what 【答案】B 【解析】place在从句中作地点状语，用where。 （改编自2023年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第5题） 43. Do you know the boy ________ sister is a tour guide? A. whose B. who C. which D. that 【答案】A 【解析】sister与boy是所属关系，用whose作定语。 （改编自2024年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第9题） 44. Do you remember the teacher ________ gave us the first English lesson? A. whom B. who C. whose D. which 【答案】B 【解析】teacher指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用who。 二、考向总结 定语从句真题重点是关系词选择：指人作主语用who，指物作主语或宾语用that/which，所属关系用whose，地点作状语用where。 同一先行词可能对应不同关系词，关键看它在从句中作什么成分。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：2027年甘肃省（中职升学考试）《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练，在编写中融入支架式教学理念，紧扣甘肃省中职升学考试英语真题考情，将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单，以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础，再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强，实操性好，为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径，高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是2027年甘肃省（中职升学考试）《英语一轮讲练测》的第6个专题，内容为定语从句。 2027年甘肃省（中职升学考试） 《英语一轮讲练测》复习讲义 专题6 定语从句 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 考点1 定语从句基础：先行词、从句成分与关系词 即时训练 考点2 指人关系词：who、whom、that与whose 即时训练 考点3 指物关系词：which、that与whose 即时训练 考点4 关系副词where、when、why 即时训练 考点5 关系词易混边界：that、which、what与从句语序 即时训练 题型贯通·能力迁移 04 真题溯源·考向感知 一、历年真题定位：定语从句在甘肃卷单项选择中稳定出现 2021—2024年甘肃省中职升学英语真题中，定语从句多次出现在单项选择中，考查关系代词that/who/whose和关系副词where等。 年份 真题考点 一轮复习提示 2021 第5题movie that won；第11题city where...is located 指物作主语用that/which；地点作状语用where。 2022 未在单项选择中直接出现典型定语从句 仍需与名词性从句what/that区分。 2023 第5题girl whose mother... 所属关系用whose。 2024 第9题teacher who taught us 指人作主语用who。 二、命题预警 看到地点名词就选where，但地点名词若作宾语应选which/that。 混淆whose和who，whose后必须接名词。 把what当作定语从句关系词。 一、知识主干 定语从句修饰名词或代词。关系词选择要先找先行词，再把先行词代入从句，判断它在从句中作主语、宾语、定语还是状语。定语从句的本质是用一个句子修饰名词。关系词不是按中文随意替换，而是由先行词和从句成分共同决定。地点、时间、人物、事物只是第一层判断，真正决定答案的是先行词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语还是状语。 本专题以大纲中的“定语从句概述—关系代词—that用法—关系副词—限制性/非限制性—介词+关系代词—易混点”为框架，重点讲清先行词和从句成分。 关系词选择不能只看先行词指人、指物、地点或时间，还要把先行词放回从句中，判断它到底作主语、宾语、定语还是状语。 知识板块 核心判断 常见考法 易错提醒 定语从句基础：先行词、从句成分与关系词 先找先行词，再看关系词在从句中作什么成分。 指人/物作主语或宾语用who/which/that；作定语用whose；作状语用where/when。 把what误用作定语从句关系词。 指人关系词：who、whom、that与whose 先行词指人时，看关系词在从句中作主语、宾语还是定语。 the teacher who taught us；the girl whose mother...。 whose后必须接名词；whom不能作主语。 指物关系词：which、that与whose 先行词指物时，看关系词在从句中作主语、宾语还是定语。 the movie that won...；the book which I bought。 先行词指物不能用who；作地点状语才用where。 关系副词where、when、why 先行词放回从句后，若需加介词才能表达地点、时间、原因，用关系副词。 city where...；day when...；reason why...。 看到地点名词就选where；没有分析从句是否缺宾语。 关系词易混边界：that、which、what与从句语序 核对是否有先行词，核对从句是否缺成分，核对是否为陈述语序。 what不引导定语从句；that/which作关系代词。 把宾语从句引导词what/if与定语从句关系词混淆。 二、知识联系 1. 找先行词，判断它指人、指物、指地点还是指时间。 2. 遮住空格读从句，看从句缺主语、宾语、定语还是状语。 3. 根据成分选择关系代词或关系副词。 4. 核对从句语序和选项边界，排除what、how等非定语从句关系词。 考点1 定语从句基础：先行词、从句成分与关系词 考情定位：甘肃近年定语从句题均为单句选择，核心是关系词判断。 一、知识精讲 1. 定语从句的作用：修饰名词或代词 （1）定语从句用于修饰前面的名词或代词，被修饰的词叫先行词。the teacher who helped us中teacher是先行词，who helped us说明是哪一位teacher。 （2）定语从句让句子把人物、事物、地点、时间等信息说得更具体。The book which is on the desk is mine. 中which is on the desk限定book。 （3）定语从句前通常有明确先行词。若空前没有可修饰的名词，句子可能是名词性从句，而不是定语从句。 2. 关系词的双重作用 （1）关系词既连接主句和从句，又在从句中充当成分。who、which、that可作主语或宾语，whose作定语，where、when、why作状语。 （2）The woman who is speaking is our manager. 中who连接从句，并在从句中作主语。The book which I bought is useful. 中which作bought的宾语。 （3）选择关系词时，要同时看先行词指什么，以及关系词在从句中作什么成分。 3. 关系代词和关系副词 （1）关系代词who、whom、which、that、whose在从句中通常充当主语、宾语或定语。它们代替的是人、物或所属关系。 （2）关系副词where、when、why在从句中作地点、时间或原因状语，分别相当于in/at/on which或for which。 （3）同一个先行词可能对应不同关系词。school作visited的宾语时用which/that；作study发生的地点时用where。 4. 定语从句的语序 （1）定语从句使用陈述语序。Do you know the girl who is singing? 中从句是who is singing，不写who is she singing。 （2）关系词作宾语时，从句中也保持主语在谓语前：the man whom we met，不写whom did we meet。 （3）主句可以是疑问句，但定语从句内部仍然用陈述语序。 步骤 问题 结果 例句 找先行词 修饰哪个名词 person/place/thing the teacher who... 看成分 缺主宾定状 决定类别 the city where... 核对语序 是否陈述语序 避免倒装 who teaches us 二、即时训练 1. This is the workshop ________ my uncle repairs cars. A. which B. where C. who D. what 2. The student ________ is cleaning the blackboard is on duty today. A. who B. which C. when D. where 3. I remember the morning ________ we visited the museum. A. which B. who C. when D. whose 4. The magazine ________ I borrowed from Lily is on the desk. A. who B. which C. where D. when 5. He is the classmate ________ project won first prize. A. whose B. whom C. which D. where 考点2 指人关系词：who、whom、that与whose 考情定位：2024年第9题考查who作主语，2023年第5题考查whose作定语。 一、知识精讲 1. who：指人，可作主语或宾语 （1）who用于先行词指人，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。The teacher who taught us Chinese is kind. 中who作taught的主语。 （2）who作主语时不能省略，因为省略后从句缺少主语。The nurse who helped the old man was patient. 中who不可省。 （3）who作宾语时，口语中常可替代whom。The doctor who you are waiting for has arrived. 中who作for的宾语。 2. whom：指人，只作宾语 （1）whom用于先行词指人，在从句中作宾语。The worker whom we met yesterday can repair the machine. 中whom作met的宾语。 （2）在限制性定语从句中，whom作宾语时常可用who或that替代，也可省略。The worker we met yesterday... 也可以。 （3）介词提前时通常用whom，如the person to whom I spoke。中职考试更常考whom与who的基本成分区别。 3. whose：表示所属关系 （1）whose表示“某人的……”，后面必须接名词。Do you know the girl whose mother is an English teacher? 中mother属于girl。 （2）whose不是who的所有格形式那么简单，它在从句中作定语，和后面的名词一起构成名词短语，如whose bag、whose father、whose project。 （3）whose不能单独作主语。Do you know the girl whose is standing there? 应改为who is standing there。 4. that指人：限制性定语从句中的常用关系词 （1）that可以指人，在限制性定语从句中作主语或宾语。The person that helped me is a nurse. 中that指person。 （2）先行词被the only、the very等限定时，常用that。He is the only student that can answer the question.。 （3）介词提前时一般不用that。the man to whom I spoke比the man to that I spoke规范。 关系词 成分 后接形式 例句 who 主语/宾语 谓语或完整结构 the teacher who taught us whom 宾语 主语+谓语 the man whom I called whose 定语 名词 the boy whose bag was lost 二、即时训练 6. The nurse ________ looked after my grandpa was very patient. A. which B. who C. whose D. where 7. The teacher ________ we thanked yesterday smiled warmly. A. whom B. whose C. which D. when 8. The girl ________ brother works in the railway station is my neighbor. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 9. He is the very person ________ helped me repair the bike. A. which B. whom C. that D. whose 10. The doctor ________ I spoke to gave me useful advice. A. who B. where C. whose D. which 考点3 指物关系词：which、that与whose 考情定位：2021年第5题考查the movie that won。 一、知识精讲 1. which和that的基本指代范围 （1）which和that都可以指物，代替book、film、tool、city、school等表示事物的先行词。The book which/that is on the desk is mine. 中which/that指the book。 （2）二者在限制性定语从句中常可互换。The film that won the prize is very moving. 也可用which。 （3）which通常不指人；先行词指人时，应考虑who、whom或that。 2. which/that在从句中作主语或宾语 （1）作主语时，关系词后直接接谓语。The film that won the prize is very moving. 中that作won的主语。 （2）作宾语时，从句中已有主语，关系词承接动词宾语。This is the tool that I used yesterday. 中I是主语，used缺宾语，that指tool。 （3）关系词作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中常可省略。This is the tool I used yesterday. 省略的是作宾语的that/which。 3. 地点名词也可能用which/that （1）city、school、factory、restaurant等地点名词并不一定用where。若它们在从句中作主语或宾语，仍用which/that。 （2）This is the factory that we visited. 中factory是visited的宾语，所以用that/which。This is the factory where we worked. 中factory表示worked发生的地点，所以用where。 （3）区别which/that与where时，不是看先行词是不是地点，而是看它在从句中承担名词成分还是地点状语。 4. that更常用的几类指物先行词 （1）先行词是不定代词everything、anything、nothing、all、little、much时，常用that。Everything that he said was helpful.。 （2）先行词被the only、the very、最高级或序数词修饰时，常用that。This is the best film that I have ever seen.。 （3）先行词既有人又有物时，常用that。The teacher and the books that are in the room are important to us.。 5. whose也可指物：表示所属关系 （1）whose不仅可指人，也可指物，表示“某物的……”。I like the house whose windows face south. 中windows属于house。 （2）whose后必须接名词，如whose roof、whose color、whose products。它不能像which那样单独指代事物。 （3）只有表示所属关系时才用whose；若只是指物作主语或宾语，用which/that。 先行词 成分 关系词 例句 物 主语 which/that the movie that won 物 宾语 which/that/可省 the book which I need 地点名词 宾语 which/that the city that I visited 二、即时训练 11. The app ________ helps students remember words is popular. A. who B. where C. that D. when 12. This is the camera ________ my cousin bought online. A. who B. which C. where D. when 13. The library ________ we visited last Friday has many English books. A. where B. who C. which D. when 14. The company ________ products are sold abroad is near the airport. A. whose B. which C. who D. where 15. All the advice ________ she gave was helpful. A. which B. who C. that D. where 考点4 关系副词where、when、why 考情定位：2021年第11题考查city where...。 一、知识精讲 1. where：地点先行词在从句中作地点状语 （1）where引导定语从句时，先行词通常是place、city、school、factory、room等地点名词，并且在从句中作地点状语。 （2）This is the room where we had the meeting. 中we had the meeting结构完整，room表示会议发生的地点。 （3）where可相当于in/at/on which，但具体介词要由地点和动词搭配决定。 2. when：时间先行词在从句中作时间状语 （1）when引导定语从句时，先行词通常是day、year、time、morning等时间名词，并且在从句中作时间状语。 （2）I still remember the day when we entered this school. 中we entered this school结构完整，day表示进入学校的时间。 （3）when可相当于on/in/at which，如the year when he graduated = the year in which he graduated。 3. why：reason后的原因状语 （1）why通常用于先行词reason之后，表示原因状语。That is the reason why he changed his plan. 中why相当于for which。 （2）reason后不一定都用why。The reason that he gave was clear. 中reason作gave的宾语，用that/which。 （3）The reason is that... 中that引导表语从句，说明原因内容，不是定语从句中的why。 4. 关系副词与关系代词的边界 （1）地点、时间、原因名词如果在从句中作宾语，应使用which/that，而不是where/when/why。The day that we spent together was unforgettable. 中day作spent的宾语。 （2）如果从句主谓宾完整，只缺地点、时间或原因状语，才使用where、when或why。 （3）关系副词的本质是“介词+which”，因此它表达的是状语意义，不是名词性成分。 关系副词 先行词 相当于 例句 where 地点 in/at/on which the room where we meet when 时间 in/on/at which the day when we arrived why reason for which the reason why he left 二、即时训练 16. This is the training center ________ we learned first aid. A. which B. where C. who D. what 17. I will never forget the day ________ our team won the match. A. when B. which C. who D. whose 18. No one knows the reason ________ he missed the interview. A. which B. why C. where D. who 19. The room ________ the meeting was held is on the second floor. A. where B. which C. whose D. who 20. The summer ________ we spent in Lanzhou was unforgettable. A. when B. where C. that D. who 考点5 关系词易混边界：that、which、what与从句语序 考情定位：甘肃真题同时出现名词性从句和定语从句，需分清。 一、知识精讲 1. what不引导有先行词的定语从句 （1）what常引导名词性从句，本身相当于“the thing that”，因此前面不再需要先行词。I don't know what he wants to buy. 中what作buy的宾语。 （2）如果空前已有明确先行词，就不能用what引导定语从句。This is the dictionary that he wants to buy. 中dictionary是先行词，应使用that/which。 （3）判断what与which/that时，先看空前是否有被修饰的名词。 2. that在不同从句中的作用 （1）定语从句中的that代替先行词，并在从句中作主语或宾语。the words that he said中that作said的宾语。 （2）名词性从句中的that通常只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分。I know that he is right. 中he is right结构完整。 （3）The news that he passed the exam made us happy. 中that引导同位语从句，说明news的内容，不是指代news的关系代词。 3. which与that的使用边界 （1）which通常指物，可作主语或宾语。the book which I bought中which指book并作bought的宾语。 （2）that可指人或物，限制性定语从句中使用范围更广；但介词提前或非限制性定语从句中通常不用that。 （3）先行词指人时不能用which。The teacher who taught us Chinese中应使用who/that。 4. 从句语序保持陈述语序 （1）无论主句是否为疑问句，定语从句内部都用陈述语序。Do you know the boy who is drawing a map? 中who is drawing是陈述语序。 （2）关系词作宾语时，从句中主语仍放在谓语前。The man whom you met yesterday is my uncle. 不写whom did you meet。 （3）把疑问语序带入定语从句，是关系词题中常见错误。 易混项 用法 例句 判断 what 名词性从句 What he said is true. 前面无先行词 which/that 定语从句指物 the words that he said 前面有先行词 陈述语序 关系词后不倒装 the girl who is singing 不用who is she 二、即时训练 21. Please tell me ________ you found in the old box. A. which B. what C. who D. where 22. This is the notebook ________ I found in the old box. A. what B. who C. that D. where 23. The fact ________ he finished the task alone surprised us. A. that B. which C. who D. where 24. Do you know the boy ________ is drawing a map on the board? A. who B. what C. whom D. where 25. The office ________ she works is bright and quiet. A. which B. where C. what D. who 题型贯通·能力迁移 定语从句在阅读中常压缩信息，如the teacher who taught us、the city where the site is located。理解关系词功能有助于定位人物、地点和事物特征。 一、单项选择 26. The bus ________ goes to the airport leaves at 8:00. A. who B. which C. where D. when 27. The woman ________ daughter studies nursing is our English teacher. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which 28. This is the stadium ________ we had the opening ceremony. A. where B. which C. who D. what 29. I prefer stories ________ teach useful life skills. A. who B. whose C. that D. where 30. The week ________ we prepared for the contest was busy. A. when B. which C. where D. who 二、关系词填空 31. Fill in the blank: The worker ________ fixed the lift came from a local company. 32. Fill in the blank: The song ________ we practiced yesterday is easy to sing. 33. Fill in the blank: The factory ________ they make schoolbags is very clean. 34. Fill in the blank: The boy ________ glasses were broken looked upset. 35. Fill in the blank: That was the reason ________ she chose this club. 三、改错与辨析 36. Correction: This is the park where we cleaned last Sunday. 37. Correction: I met the student whose helped you yesterday. 38. Correction: The bag what she bought is blue. 39. Sentence completion: 这是他们训练的操场。This is the playground ________ they train. 40. Sentence completion: 我喜欢那位建议很实用的老师。I like the teacher ________ advice is practical. 一、真题溯源·考向感知 （改编自2021年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第5题） 41. I like the song ________ won the first prize last year. A. whether B. that C. where D. when （改编自2021年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第11题） 42. Dunhuang is a famous place ________ the Mogao Caves are located. A. when B. where C. while D. what （改编自2023年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第5题） 43. Do you know the boy ________ sister is a tour guide? A. whose B. who C. which D. that （改编自2024年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第9题） 44. Do you remember the teacher ________ gave us the first English lesson? A. whom B. who C. whose D. which 二、考向总结 定语从句真题重点是关系词选择：指人作主语用who，指物作主语或宾语用that/which，所属关系用whose，地点作状语用where。 同一先行词可能对应不同关系词，关键看它在从句中作什么成分。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $