Unit 2 Reading plus 核心考点精讲精练2026-2027学年人教版八年级英语上册

Unit 2 Reading plus 核心考点精讲精练 一、单词 & 短语深度梳理 核心名词 smallpox n. 天花 disease n. 疾病；global diseases 全球性疾病 history n. 历史 doctor n. 医生 scientist n. 科学家 childhood n. 童年 brother n. 哥哥；elder brother 哥哥 apprentice n. 学徒 job n. 工作 medicine n. 医学；modern medicine 现代医学 hospital n. 医院 countryside n. 乡村 research n. & v. 研究 milkmaid n. 挤奶女工 cow n. 奶牛；cowpox n. 牛痘 test n. & v. 实验，测试 vaccine n. 疫苗 Latin n. 拉丁语 word n. 单词 pioneering research 开创性研究 重点形容词 worst adj. 最严重的（bad 最高级） global adj. 全球的 English adj. 英国的 easy adj. 轻松的；difficult adj. 困难的 young adj. 年幼的 well-respected adj. 受人尊敬的 modern adj. 现代的 free adj. 空闲的；in free time 在空闲时间 wonderful adj. 极好的 other adj. 其他的 高频动词 & 固定搭配 used to be 过去曾经是 millions of 数百万的 hear about 听说 no longer 不再 in nature 在自然界中 because of 由于（后接名词 / 短语） raise sb. 抚养某人 have a passion for 热爱，对…… 充满热情 work for sb. 为某人工作 develop v. 发展；fully developed 完全成熟 finish one’s studies 完成学业 go back to 返回 do research 做研究 discover that… 发现…… protect sb. from sth. 保护某人免受…… 侵害 come up with an idea 想出一个主意 realize that… 意识到…… invent a new word 创造新词 come from 源自 二、核心语法点 1. used to do 过去常常 / 曾经 Smallpox used to be one of the worst global diseases. 天花曾是全球最凶险的疾病之一。 2. because /because of 区分 because + 完整句子；because of + 名词 / 代词 / 动名词 This happened mainly because of Jenner’s work.（短语） It disappeared because Jenner found the vaccine.（句子） 3. 定语从句（who /that） An apprentice is a young person who learns a job by working for someone else. It was a disease that looked like smallpox. 4. 强调句型 It was … that … It was while working as a doctor that Jenner discovered the secret. 正是在行医期间，詹纳发现了这个秘密。 5. 宾语从句（that 引导） Jenner discovered that milkmaids rarely got smallpox. He wondered if milkmaids were protected from smallpox. 6. 一般过去时（全文叙事主线） 标志词：died, raised, became, studied, finished, went, discovered, wondered, came up with, realized, invented 不规则变形重点： die — died；raise — raised；become — became；study — studied；go — went；come — came；come up with — came up with；realize — realized；invent — invented 7. 情态动词 could 表能力、用途 cowpox could be used to protect people 牛痘可以用来保护人们 8. 被动语态 be used to do 被用来做某事 be used to create vaccines 被用来研发疫苗 三、短文逐段翻译 爱德华・詹纳与对抗天花之战 天花曾是全球最可怕的疾病之一，历史上夺走了数百万人的生命。然而如今我们很少再听闻天花，这是为什么？因为它已经在自然界彻底消失。这一切主要归功于英国医生、科学家爱德华・詹纳（1749–1823）的研究成果。 詹纳的童年十分坎坷。他年少时父母离世，由哥哥一手抚养长大。在校读书时他成绩平平，但他天生热爱自然。13 岁时，他成为一名医生的学徒，一做就是八年。学徒就是通过为他人打工来学习一门手艺的年轻人。在那个年代，医生很难受人敬重，因为现代医学尚未成熟。21 岁时，他前往伦敦一家医院进修。 完成学业后，詹纳回到了自己更喜爱的乡村老家。他在当地做家庭医生，渐渐有很多人称赞他医术高明。闲暇之余，他持续开展研究、观察自然。 正是在行医过程中，詹纳发现挤奶女工几乎不会感染天花。她们常会染上牛痘 —— 一种和天花症状相似的疾病，但女工们不会病得很重，更不会因此丧命。他心生疑惑：是不是因为经常感染牛痘，女工们就获得了抵御天花的免疫力？ 为验证猜想，詹纳想出一个办法：先给人接种牛痘，再让他们接触天花病毒。结果这些人全都没有感染天花！经过大量重复实验，他证实牛痘确实可以保护人体免受天花侵袭。 詹纳创造了一个新词来命名自己的发明：“疫苗（vaccine）”。这个单词源自拉丁语里表示 “牛” 的词汇。多亏詹纳的研究，天花彻底绝迹，再也没有人因天花丧命。他这项开创性的研究，也为后世研发其他疾病疫苗奠定了基础。 四、写作万能句型 ...used to be one of the worst... …… 曾经是最严重的…… 之一 millions of people 数百万人 no longer 不再 because of one’s hard work 由于某人的努力 have a passion for nature 热爱大自然 come up with an idea 想出一个办法 protect people from diseases 保护人们免受疾病侵害 be used to create vaccines 被用来研发疫苗 五、基础练习题 汉译英短语 曾经是最严重的全球疾病之一 ______ 数百万人 ____________ 不再存在 ____________ 抚养某人长大 ____________ 热爱大自然 ____________ 为别人打工学手艺 ____________ 完成学业回到乡村 ____________ 开展研究 ____________ 保护人们免受天花侵害 _____ 想出一个实验方案 ____________ 创造新词 “疫苗” ____________ 开创性研究 ____________ 英译汉短语 modern medicine ____________ family doctor ____________ in one’s free time ____________ milkmaids and cowpox ____________ do many tests ____________ Latin word for cow ____________ die from smallpox ____________ vaccines for other diseases _____ 用动词正确形式填空 1. Smallpox ______ (use) to kill millions of people. 2. Jenner’s parents ______ (die) when he was young. 3. His elder brother ______ (raise) him after that. 4. At 13, he ______ (become) an apprentice to a doctor. 5. He ______ (study) in London when he was 21. 6. After ______ (finish) his studies, he went back to the countryside. 7. Jenner ______ (discover) milkmaids seldom got smallpox. 8. He ______ (come) up with the idea of cowpox test. 9. Many tests ______ (show) cowpox could stop smallpox. 10. His research ______ (invent) the word “vaccine”. 单项选择 1. Smallpox ______ be a terrible disease long ago. A. used to B. use to C. is used to D. was used to 2. Millions ______ people lost their lives because of smallpox. A. of B. for C. with D. to 3. This great change happened ______ Jenner’s hard work. A. because B. because of C. so D. if 4. The boy has a passion ______ all kinds of plants. A. in B. at C. for D. on 5. We should protect ourselves ______ dangerous diseases. A. from B. with C. at D. of 6. Jenner ______ a good way to stop smallpox. A. came out B. came up with C. gave up D. heard about 7. The word “vaccine” ______ from Latin. A. come B. comes C. came D. coming 8. His research ______ to make other vaccines later. A. used B. was used C. uses D. is used 句型转换 1. Jenner found the secret when he worked as a doctor.（改为 It was…that 强调句） 2. Milkmaids often had cowpox. They seldom got smallpox.（用 because 合并） 3. Cowpox can protect people from smallpox.（改为被动 be used to do） 4. Jenner invented the word “vaccine”.（改为一般过去时否定句） 5. Many people died of smallpox in the past.（用 used to 改写） 6. Modern medicine was not fully developed then. Doctors were not respected.（用 because 合并） 根据中文提示完成句子 1. 天花曾经是全球最可怕的疾病之一。 Smallpox ________________________ one of the worst global diseases. 2. 詹纳年少时父母离世，哥哥抚养他长大。 Jenner’s parents died young, and his elder brother ________________________. 3. 他热爱自然，空闲时坚持做研究。 He ________________________ nature and kept doing research ________________________. 4. 詹纳想出了用牛痘预防天花的办法。 Jenner ________________________ the idea of using cowpox to ________________________ smallpox. 5. “疫苗” 这个单词源自拉丁语中表示 “牛” 的词。 The word “vaccine” ________________________ the Latin word for “cow”. 6. 他的开创性研究被用来研发其他疾病的疫苗。 His pioneering research ________________________ vaccines for other illnesses. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $