Unit5语法(that/which引导限定性定语从句)讲解与练习-2026-2027学年外研版英语九年级上册新课预习

该初中英语讲义通过课本原句导入，结合核心定义、公式梳理和特殊规则分类，构建that/which引导限定性定语从句的知识体系。用“先行词+引导词+从句”万能公式、主谓一致口诀及特殊用法框架图，清晰呈现重难点分布和内在逻辑。 讲义亮点在于“句型转换（合并拆分简单句）”“汉译英”等练习设计，结合“三大致命易错点”解析，提升语言能力和思维品质。主谓一致口诀帮助学生掌握关键规则，分层练习满足不同学生需求，答案解析助力教师精准教学。

Unit5 A fine balance语法讲解与练习 that/which引导限定性定语从句 课本原句导入 1. It protects all the things that/which live in the forest. （它保护所有生活在森林里的生物。） 2. Nature is a balance that/which we must protect. （自然是我们必须守护的平衡。） 一、核心基础定义 定语从句：修饰前面名词的从句，翻译为“……的”。 本单元专属规则： 1. which：只修饰事物、物品、动植物、抽象事物（不修饰人） 2. that：万能引导词，可修饰人+事物 标准万能公式:先行词(物) + that/which +从句谓语/句子 二、which精讲 1.定语从句：修饰名词/代词的句子，被修饰的词叫先行词。 2.which 用法核心： ✅ which 只能指代事物（不能指人） ✅ 在限制性定语从句中可作 主语 或 宾语 ✅ 先行词是物 限制性定语从句：从句不能去掉，去掉后主句意思不完整，不用逗号隔开。 两大句式结构 结构 1：which 在从句中作【主语】 公式： 先行词 (物) + which +谓语动词…… which (从句缺少主语,which不能省略) *This is the book which is very interesting. 这就是那本很有趣的书。 先行词 the book（物）；which 指代 book，在从句作主语。 *The house which stands near the river is old. 坐落在河边的那栋房子很老旧。 结构 2：which 在从句中作【宾语】 公式：先行词 (物) + which +主语+谓语…… (which充当动词/介词的宾语,which可以省略) *The pen (which) I bought yesterday works well. 我昨天买的这支钢笔很好写。 which 指代 the pen，作 bought 的宾语，可省略。 *The letter (which) you are looking for is here. 你正在找的信在这里。 三、that精讲 that 引导限制性定语从句 ✅ 先行词既可以是人，也可以是物 ✅ 在从句中充当 主语 或者 宾语 (一)、两种句子结构 1. that 在从句中作【主语】 结构：先行词 (人/物) + that +谓语动词that充当主语，绝对不能省略 *The book that lies on the desk is mine.（先行词物，that 作主语） 放在桌上的那本书是我的。 *The boy that helped me is my classmate.（先行词人，that 作主语） 帮助我的那个男孩是我的同学。 2. that 在从句中作【宾语】 结构：先行词 (人/物) + that +主语+谓语(that 充当动词宾语，可以省略) *The dress (that) she likes is red. 她喜欢的那条裙子是红色。 *The man (that) we met yesterday is a doctor. 我们昨天遇见的那个人是一名医生。 (二)、能用 that,不能用which的情况 先行词为物时，大多that /which 通用，下面几种情况只用 that： A.先行词同时包含人+物 He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited. 他谈起他拜访过的老师和学校。 B.先行词被序数词修饰（first, second…） This is the first movie that I have watched. 这是我看过的第一部电影。 C.先行词被最高级修饰 This is the most interesting story that I’ve ever heard. 这是我听过最有趣的故事。 D.先行词被不定代词修饰或本身是不定代词 all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much Tell me everything that you know. 告诉我你知道的所有事情。 E.先行词被 the only, the very, the last 等修饰 This is the only pen that I have. 这是我仅有的一支钢笔 四、重中之重：从句主谓一致（最大丢分点） that/which 后的动词单复数 = 跟随前面先行词的单复数 口诀：先行单数谓三单，先行复数谓原形 例句对比 1. The tree that/which stands by the river is tall.（先行词单数tree → 动词三单） 2. The trees that/which stand by the river are tall.（先行词复数trees → 动词原形） 五、三大致命易错点 易错1：重复主语 ❌ The river which it is clean is beautiful.（多余it） ✅ The river which is clean is beautiful. 解析：which/that已经代替事物作主语，从句严禁再加it/they 易错2：单复数混乱 ❌ The flowers that grows well are pretty. ✅ The flowers that grow well are pretty. 易错3：人、物引导词乱用 人 → who / that 物 → that / which ❌ The bird who flies fast（错！物不用who） ✅ The bird which/that flies fast（对） 六、句型转换必考套路 简单句合并定语从句 1. The river is clear. It runs through the forest. → The river which/that runs through the forest is clear. 定语从句拆分简单句 The plants that grow in spring are green. → The plants are green. They grow in spring. 【巩固练习】 一、用that/which填空 重点考查：that/which用法辨析、that专属特殊用法、定语从句引导词选用规则 1. The forest ________ provides homes for animals is very important. 2. The rules ________ protect nature are necessary for us. 3. This is the balance of nature ________ keeps the world peaceful. 4. The plants ________ grow in wet places need much water. 5. The river ________ runs through the village is clean and clear. 6. All the things ________ are in nature are connected closely. 7. The wind ________ blows gently makes the world beautiful. 8. The mountains ________ stand in the north are very high. 9. This is the only book ________ teaches us ecological knowledge. 10. The animals ________ live in the forest need safe homes. 11. The sunlight ________ warms the earth is useful for all lives. 12. The changes ________ happen in nature are natural every year. 13. Everything ________ exists in nature has its value. 14. The rain ________ falls in spring helps plants grow fast. 15. The laws ________ stop people from polluting nature work well. 16. The lake ________ lies behind our school is very quiet. 17. All the trees ________ grow here can clean the air. 18. This is the best way ________ helps us protect the environment. 19. The food ________ comes from nature supports all lives. 20. The small changes ________ are made by humans will affect nature. 二、单项选择 1. The environment ________ we should protect is very fragile. A. who B. that C. what D. where 2. All ________ lives on the earth is part of the natural balance. A. which B. who C. that D. what 3. The rivers and lakes ________ clean can bring us fresh water. A. that is B. that are C. who is D. who are 4. This is the only method ________ can protect the local ecosystem. A. that B. which C. who D. where 5. The wind ________ blows from the sea is cool and fresh. A. who B. which C. what D. when 6. There is nothing ________ can stop us from protecting nature. A. which B. who C. that D. where 7. The forests ________ home for many wild animals are disappearing. A. that provide B. that provides C. who provide D. who provides 8. This is the most beautiful park ________ I have ever visited. A. which B. that C. who D. what 9. The balance of nature ________ keeps the world steady is important. A. which B. who C. what D. when 10. The rules ________ people follow can protect wild animals. A. that B. who C. what D. where 三、句型改写 按要求合并句子，改为that/which引导的定语从句，每空一词 1. The tree is very old. It stands by the lake. The tree ________ ________ by the lake is very old. 2. The rules are useful. They protect wild animals. The rules ________ ________ wild animals are useful. 3. This is the balance. It keeps nature stable. This is the balance ________ ________ nature stable. 4. The flowers are colourful. They grow in the forest. The flowers ________ ________ in the forest are colourful. 5. The book is educational. It tells us natural knowledge. The book ________ ________ us natural knowledge is educational. 6. All the things are valuable. They exist in nature. All the things ________ ________ in nature are valuable. 7. The river is clean. It runs through the town. The river ________ ________ through the town is clean. 8. This is the only way. It can solve the problem. This is the only way ________ ________ solve the problem. 9. The changes are great. They happen in nature. The changes ________ ________ in nature are great. 10. The air is fresh. It comes from the forest. The air ________ ________ from the forest is fresh. 四、汉译英翻译 要求：必须使用that/which引导的定语从句 1. 保护自然的规则值得我们遵守。 ______________________________________________ 2. 森林是许多野生动物赖以生存的家园。 ______________________________________________ 3. 这是维持生态平衡的最好方式。 ______________________________________________ 4. 所有存在于自然界的事物都息息相关。 ______________________________________________ 5. 流经这座城市的河流非常清澈。 ______________________________________________ 6. 净化空气的树木对人类至关重要。 ______________________________________________ 7. 这是唯一能保护这片湿地的方法。 ______________________________________________ 8. 大自然带给我们的馈赠无比珍贵。 ______________________________________________ 9. 生长在山区的植物生命力十分顽强。 ______________________________________________ 10. 破坏自然的行为终将伤害人类自己。 ______________________________________________ Keys （一）that/which填空 答案+解析 1. that/which 解析：先行词为普通单数事物，二者可互换。 2. that/which 解析：先行词为普通复数事物，二者可互换。 3. that/which 解析：先行词为普通单数抽象事物，二者可互换。 4. that/which 解析：先行词为普通复数事物，二者可互换。 5. that/which 解析：先行词为普通单数事物，二者可互换。 6. that 解析：先行词被All修饰，固定只用that，不用which。 7. that/which 解析：先行词为普通单数事物，二者可互换。 8. that/which 解析：先行词为普通复数事物，二者可互换。 9. that 解析：先行词被the only修饰，固定只用that，不用which。 10. that/which 解析：先行词为普通复数事物，二者可互换。 11. that/which 解析：先行词为普通单数事物，二者可互换。 12. that/which 解析：先行词为普通复数事物，二者可互换。 13. that 解析：先行词为不定代词Everything，固定只用that。 14. that/which 解析：先行词为普通单数事物，二者可互换。 15. that/which 解析：先行词为普通复数事物，二者可互换。 16. that/which 解析：先行词为普通单数事物，二者可互换。 17. that 解析：先行词被All修饰，固定只用that，不用which。 18. that 解析：先行词被最高级the best修饰，固定只用that。 19. that/which 解析：先行词为普通单数事物，二者可互换。 20. that/which 解析：先行词为普通复数事物，二者可互换。 （二）单项选择 答案+解析 1. B 解析：先行词是事物，用that/which引导，选项含that。 2. C 解析：all修饰先行词，固定只用that。 3. B 解析：先行词为复数事物，用that，be动词用are。 4. A 解析：the only修饰先行词，只能用that。 5. B 解析：先行词wind是事物，用which。 6. C 解析：nothing不定代词修饰先行词，只用that。 7. A 解析：先行词forests复数、事物，that后接动词原形。 8. B 解析：最高级修饰先行词，固定只用that。 9. A 解析：先行词为抽象事物，用which。 10. A 解析：先行词rules是事物，用that引导。 （三）句型改写 答案+解析 1. that/which stands 解析：先行词单数，谓语三单。 2. that/which protect 解析：先行词复数，谓语原形。 3. that/which keeps 解析：先行词单数，谓语三单。 4. that/which grow 解析：先行词复数，谓语原形。 5. that/which tells 解析：先行词单数，谓语三单。 6. that exist 解析：all修饰，先行词复数，谓语原形。 7. that/which runs 解析：先行词单数，谓语三单。 8. that can 解析：the only修饰，只用that，保留情态动词。 9. that/which happen 解析：先行词复数，谓语原形。 10. that/which comes 解析：先行词单数，谓语三单。 （四）汉译英 1. The rules that/which protect nature are worth following. 2. Forests are homes that/which many wild animals live in. 3. This is the best way that can keep the ecological balance. 4. All the things that exist in nature are closely connected. 5. The river that/which runs through the city is very clean. 6. The trees that/which clean the air are very important for humans. 7. This is the only way that can protect this wetland. 8. The gifts that/which nature brings us are extremely precious. 9. The plants that/which grow in mountain areas have strong vitality. 10. The behaviors that/which destroy nature will hurt humans in the end. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $