非谓语动词拓展考点精讲（独立主格、特殊结构，复合结构等）-2027届高三英语二轮复习英语语法精讲

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦非谓语动词专题，依据高考评价体系梳理了独立主格结构、固定搭配、时态语态等九大核心考点，通过分析近五年真题明确固定搭配（接不定式/动名词）和时态语态细分（having done/having been done）为高频考查点，归纳单句语法填空、完形填空等常考题型，构建系统备考框架。 课件亮点在于“考点深析+技巧归纳+实战演练”三维模式，如针对独立主格结构提炼“逻辑主语不一致、无连词/引导词”关键特征，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。实战部分含基础巩固（with复合结构填空）和进阶提升（having been done完成被动式应用），并剖析被动语态还原to等易错点，助力学生掌握答题技巧，教师可据此开展精准复习，提升备考效率。

九大核心考点深析 • 解题技巧系统归纳 非谓语动词拓展 考点精讲 2027 1.7.2013 ‹#› 目录 01 独立主格结构 02 非谓语固定搭配 03 特殊句型固定结构 04 非谓语时态语态细分 05 不定式省略与还原 06 非谓语作插入语 07 非谓语的否定式 08 非谓语复合结构 09 with 复合结构 Contents 1.7.2013 ‹#› 01 Part. 独立主格结构 考点一：独立主格结构 当非谓语动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致时，需为非谓语单独配备逻辑主语，构成“名词/代词 + 非谓语动词”的独立结构，在句中作状语（表时间、条件、原因等）。 01 主动/进行 (doing) 逻辑主语与动作是主动关系，或动作正在进行。 例：Weather permitting, we will go camping this weekend. 02 被动/完成 (done) 逻辑主语与动作是被动关系，或动作已完成。 例：The work finished, all the staff left the office happily. 03 将来/待完成 (to do) 表示动作尚未发生，存在将来的动作趋势。 例：Lots of homework to do, I can’t hang out with you tonight. 1.7.2013 ‹#› 快速识别：3大关键特征 ① 分句间用逗号隔开，无并列连词（and/but）； ② 前后主语不一致； ③ 无从句引导词（if/when），否则为状语从句。 1.7.2013 ‹#› 02 Part. 非谓语固定搭配 考点二：非谓语固定搭配 只能接不定式 afford, agree, arrange, attempt, decide, demand, desire, expect, fail, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, promise, refuse, want, wish, tend to, be likely to, be supposed to admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, fancy, finish, imagine, mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest can't help doing, can't stand doing, feel like doing, look forward to doing, pay attention to doing 只能接动名词 1.7.2013 ‹#› 即可接不定式又可接动名词 ① remember / forget / regret to do (动作未发生) vs. doing (动作已完成) ② stop to do (停下做另一件事) vs. doing (停止正在做的事) ③ try to do (努力/设法做) vs. doing (尝试做某事) 1.7.2013 ‹#› 介词后必接动名词 核心规则：所有介词 (after, before, without, by, in, on, at, for 等) 后面必须接动名词 (doing)，绝对不能接不定式 (to do)。 📝 经典例句： He left the room without saying goodbye. 他没说再见就离开了房间。 03 Part. 特殊句式固定结构 考点三：特殊句型固定结构 01: It 形式主/宾语 形式主语核心公式：It is + adj. + to do / doing 常考句式：It is no use / no good / fun / worth doing sth It is + adj. (描述性质) + to do sth. It takes + sb. + time/money + to do sth. (花费某人时间/金钱做某事) It is +n.(a pity/shame)+to do sth. ① It is no use crying over spilt milk. ②It is important to learn English well. ③It took me three hours to finish the homework. ④ It is a shame to waste food. 1.7.2013 ‹#› 形式宾语核心公式：主语 + 谓语 + it + adj./n. + to do / doing / that从句 例： ① I find it difficult to master English grammar. ② He thinks it his duty to help the poor. （1）考点句式：①find + it + adj. + to do (发现做某事很...) ②think / make + it + adj./ n. + to do 1.7.2013 ‹#› （2）“介词 + it” 的特殊情况 ①see to it that... (务必做到.../确保...) ②take it for granted that... (认为...理所当然) ③depend on / rely on + it + that... (视...而定/指望...) 例： Please see to it that the lights are turned off. 请务必把灯关掉。 Don't take it for granted that your parents will do everything for you. 别认为父母为你做一切是理所当然的。 You may rely on it that he will come. 你可以指望他会来。 1.7.2013 ‹#› 句型功能 关键标志词 后接非谓语形式 例句关键词 形式主语 no use, no good, fun, worth Doing (动名词) It's no use waiting. 形式主语 important, hard, easy, necessary To do (不定式) It's hard to say. 形式宾语 find, think, consider, make To do (最常见) I find it hard to sleep. 形式宾语 see to, take for granted That 从句 (需加it) See to it that... 02 There be 句型 核心公式：There be + n. + doing （表主动、正在进行） 核心公式：There be + n. + done （表被动、已经完成） 核心公式：There be + n. + to do （表将来、未发生） ① There are many students waitingoutside. ❌ 错误：There are students wait... ②There are many books written by this famous author. ❌ 错误：There are many books are written by ... ③There is a lot of work to do today.（将来/待办) There are many problems to be solved.（被动 + 将来） 💡 警惕“双谓语”！be动词已是谓语，后面的动词必须用非谓语形式。 1.7.2013 ‹#› 03 祈使句 + and/or 核心公式：祈使句, + and/or + 完整句 ①Work hard, and you will pass the exam. ②Hurry up, or you will miss the bus. 💡 前半句用动词原形开头，后半句用将来时，构成完整的并列句。 1.7.2013 ‹#› 04 Part. 非谓语时态语态 考点四：非谓语时态语态细分 完 成 式 01. done (已完成) 动作已结束，表状态或被动完成，无时间先后强调，仅表结果。 02. having done (主动完成) 动作发生在主句之前，强调非谓语动作在前，谓语动作在后”，逻辑主语与动作是主动关系。 “Having cleaned the room, she watched TV.” 强调“先打扫，后看电视 03. having been done (被动完成) 非谓语动作先于谓语动作被完成，逻辑主语是动作的承受者。 “Having been warned many times, he still made mistakes.” 强调“先被警告” 进 行 式 Doing (一般式主动) 表示与谓语动词同时发生或习惯性动作 Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 听和跳几乎同时发生 being done (进行被动) 强调动作正在进行且是被动 The building being built is our new library. 将 来 式 To do (一般式主动/将来 动作尚未发生，表未来的主动，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。 He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left. to be done (将来被动) 表示动作将要发生且是被动，通常含有未来的时间状语。 The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.” 将要被举行 形式 语态 时间关系 逻辑主语关系 典型功能 Doing 主动 同时进行 / 经常 主语是动作发出者 状语、定语、宾补 Done 被动 已完成 / 状态 主语是动作承受者 状语、定语、宾补 To do 主动 将来 / 目的 主语是动作发出者 状语(目的/结果/将来)、主语、宾语、定语 Having done 主动 先于谓语发生 主语是动作发出者 只能作状语 Having been done 被动 先于谓语被做 主语是动作承受者 只能作状语 Being done 被动 正在进行 主语是动作承受者 定语(正在被...)、状语(因正在被...) To be done 被动 将要发生 主语是动作承受者 定语(将要被...)、表语(计划被...) 05 Part. to do 不定式特殊用法 考点五：不定式省略to与被动还原to 01 主动语态 · 省略 to 适用动词：感官与使役动词后 例词：see, hear, watch, make, let，have 主语 + 动词 + sb. + do sth. 例句： The teacher made him clean the classroom. 老师让他打扫教室. The boy saw the woman enter the railway station. 男孩看见那位女士走进了火车站 1.7.2013 ‹#› 02 被动语态 · 还原 to 核心规则：主动变被动时，被省略的 to 必须补回，这是极易丢分的考点。 sb. + be done + to do sth. 例句：He was made to clean the classroom.他被要求打扫教室 03 特殊句式 · 固定省略 黄金法则：前有 do，后省 to 例：do nothing but..., cannot but... do nothing but + do sth. 例句：I can do nothing but wait for her. 除了等她，我别无选择 I cannot but laugh. 我忍不住笑了 1.7.2013 ‹#› 06 Part. 非谓语作插入语 考点六：非谓语作插入语 01 核心定义 由固定分词短语构成，逻辑主语通常与主句主语不一致，作为独立成分置于句中或句首。它不修饰句中具体成分，而是用于表达说话人的态度、评价或补充说明，属于英语中约定俗成的特殊独立结构。 例句： Judging from his disappointed look, he must have failed the driving test again. 从他失望的表情判断，他驾照考试肯定又没通过。 1.7.2013 ‹#› 02 常见高频搭配 generally speaking 一般来说 / 总体而言（用于概括性评论） judging from / by... 根据……来判断（基于外在表象或信息） considering (sth.) 考虑到 / 就……而言（引出前提条件） supposing (that)... 假如 / 假使（用于提出假设或条件） given (that)... 鉴于 / 考虑到（强调已知的事实依据） 1.7.2013 ‹#› 07 Part. 非谓语的否定式 考点七：非谓语的否定式 核心规则：否定词not必须置于非谓语形式的最前方，严禁插入非谓语结构中间或后置。 ✅ 正确形式（核心记忆） 1. 不定式：not to do（如：decide not to go） 2. 分词/动名词：not doing（如：He regretted not going to the party） 3. 完成式：not having done（如：Not having received a reply, he left.） 经典例句： "Not knowing the truth, he kept silent."（因为不知道真相，他保持了沉默。） 分析：句中Not knowing作原因状语，not 置于分词 knowing 之前，符合否定式规则。 1.7.2013 ‹#› 08 Part. 非谓语复合结构 考点八：非谓语复合结构 (动名词复合结构) 核心公式: 形容词性物主代词 / 名词所有格 + doing（相当于名词，在句中可作主语、宾语等，用于明确动作的逻辑主语） 01 作动词/介词的宾语 02 作句子主语 例句：Would you mind my opening the window? 解析：mind后接动名词作宾语，my 明确了opening这个动作的执行者是“我”。 例句：Tom’s being late made the teacher annoyed. 解析：动名词复合结构置于句首作主语，Tom’s 表明“迟到”的主体是汤姆，谓语动词用单数形式。 1.7.2013 ‹#› 09 Part. with复合结构 考点九：with复合结构 【核心公式】with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语（非谓语动词 / 形容词 / 副词 / 介词短语） 02. 被动完成 (done)表示宾语与动作是被动关系，且动作已完成。 例：With all tasks finished, we went home. 03. 将来待做 (to do)表示宾语与动作是将来的被动或主动关系。 例：With much work to finish, I can’t go out. 01. 主动进行 (doing) 表示宾语与动作是主动关系，且动作正在进行。 例：With the wind blowing hard, we stayed indoors. 1.7.2013 ‹#› ✦ 结构特征：自带介词“with” 必须由介词 with 引导，宾语与补足语构成逻辑主谓关系，在句中作状语（伴随、原因、条件等），使句子结构更丰富。 ✦ 易混辨析：独立主格结构 无介词 with，直接由“名词/代词 + 分词/形容词/副词”构成，功能与 with 复合结构相似，但结构更简洁，语气更正式。 1.7.2013 ‹#› 10 Part. 实战演练 一、 基础巩固 (单句语法填空) 1.I really appreciate __________ (have) time to relax with you on this nice island. 2.With so much work __________ (do), I can't go to the cinema with you tonight. 3.Weather __________ (permit), we will go for a picnic in the park this Sunday. 4.The teacher made the naughty boy __________ (stand) outside the classroom as a punishment. 5.__________ (judge) from his accent, he must be from the south of China. having to do permitting stand Judging 二、 进阶提升 (单句语法填空) 1.__________________ (warn) many times, the driver still drove after drinking, which led to the accident. 2.The building __________ (build) now is our new library, which will be completed next year. 3._____________ (not know) his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with him. 4.There are a lot of difficulties __________ (solve) before we can finish the project. 5.He hurried to the station, only __________ (tell) that the train had left. Having been warned being built to solve Not knowing to be told Thank You $