周周有招登顶班第五讲Unit1TheChangingWorld（A）讲义2026-2027学年八升九人教版英语暑假衔接

第五讲 Unit 1 The Changing World Section A: What changes have taken place around you? Part 1 单词加油站 1.1 词汇表 序号 词汇 音标 词性 释义 1 rough /rʌf/ adj. 崎岖的；粗糙的 2 sandstorm /ˈsændstɔːm/ n. 沙尘暴 3 farmland /ˈfɑːmlænd/ n. 耕地；农田 4 shortage /ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ/ n. 短缺；不足 5 lack /læk/ n. & v. 缺乏；不足 6 bush /bʊʃ/ n. 灌木 7 root /ruːt/ n. 根；根部 8 soil /sɔɪl/ n. 土壤；土地 9 sandy /ˈsændi/ adj. 铺满沙子的；含沙的 10 government /ˈɡʌvənmənt/ n. 政府 11 support /səˈpɔːt/ v. & n. 支持；资助 12 corn /kɔːn/ n. 玉米；谷物 13 high-tech /ˌhaɪ ˈtek/ adj. 高科技的 14 greenhouse /ˈɡriːnhaʊs/ n. 温室 15 highway /ˈhaɪweɪ/ n. 公路 16 railway /ˈreɪlweɪ/ n. 铁路 17 attraction /əˈtrækʃn/ n. 吸引力；景点 18 product /ˈprɒdʌkt/ n. 产品；产物 19 greatly /ˈɡreɪtli/ adv. 大大地；非常 20 socialist /ˈsəʊʃəlɪst/ adj. & n. 社会主义的；社会主义者 21 e-payment /iː ˈpeɪmənt/ n. 电子支付 22 housing /ˈhaʊzɪŋ/ n. 住房；住宅 23 digital /ˈdɪdʒɪtl/ adj. 数字的；电子的 24 audio /ˈɔːdiəʊ/ adj. & n. 音频的；音频 25 dirt /dɜːt/ n. 泥土；尘土 26 track /træk/ n. 小路；轨道 27 wide /waɪd/ adj. 宽的；宽阔的 1.2 词形转换 1. rough adj. 崎岖的；粗糙的 → roughly adv. 粗略地；大约；粗暴地 → rougher adj. 比较级 → roughest adj. 最高级 1. short adj. 不足的；短缺的 → shortage n. 短缺；不足 → shorten v. 缩短；缩减 1. lack v. 缺乏；没有 / n. 缺乏；不足 → lacking adj. 缺乏的；不足的 1. sand n. 沙子 → sandy adj. 铺满沙子的；含沙的 1. govern v. 统治；管理 → government n. 政府 → governor n. 统治者；州长 1. attract v. 吸引 → attraction n. 吸引力；景点 → attractive adj. 有吸引力的 1. produce v. 生产；制造 → product n. 产品；产物 → production n. 生产；产量 1. great adj. 巨大的；伟大的 → greatly adv. 大大地；非常 → greatness n. 伟大；卓越 1. social adj. 社会的 → socialist adj. 社会主义的 / n. 社会主义者 → socialism n. 社会主义 → society n. 社会 1. house v. 给……提供住所 / n. 房子 → housing n. 住房；住宅 1. dirt n. 泥土；尘土 → dirty adj. 脏的；肮脏的 1. wide adj. 宽的；宽阔的 → widely adv. 广泛地；普遍地 → width n. 宽度 1. use v. 使用；利用 / n. 用途 → useful adj. 有用的 → useless adj. 无用的 → user n. 用户 → usage n. 用法 1. improve v. 改善；提高 → improvement n. 改善；改进 1.3 重点短语 1. bring about 带来；引起 1. take place 发生；举行 1. over rough roads 在崎岖不平的路上 1. over the years 这些年来 1. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 1. be covered with 被……覆盖 1. a lack of 缺乏…… 1. smaller and smaller 越来越小 1. with one's support / with the support of sb. 在某人的支持下 1. be amazed at 对……感到惊讶 1. change the way we farm 改变我们的耕作方式 1. tons of 成吨的；大量的 1. all over 遍及 1. in one's opinion 据某人看来 1. for ages 很久；很长时间 1. a tourist attraction 一个旅游景点 1. sell products online 线上售卖产品 1. have been to… 去过……（某地） 1. as well as 也；还；并且；除……之外（还） 1. cross over mountains and rivers 翻山越河 1. thousands of 成千上万的 1. as a result 结果；因此 1. over / in the last / past + 时间段 在过去的……里 1. beyond recognition 面目全非；认不出来 Part 2 考点精讲 考点一：bring about 带来；引起；导致 bring about 意为"带来；引起；导致"，强调某事物导致另一事物的发生。 近义词组：lead to、result in 反义词组：prevent、avoid 例句：The new policy has brought about great changes in rural areas. 这项新政策给农村带来了巨大变化。 拓展：bring 的相关短语 短语 含义 例句 bring out 使显现；出版 The new dress brings out her beauty. bring up 抚养；养育；提出 She was brought up by her grandparents. bring in 引进；引入；赚得 The factory brought in new technology. bring about 带来；引起 What brought about the change? 即学即用： My grandparents ______ me after my parents left the village. A. brought out B. brought up C. brought about D. brought in 答案：B 考点二：take place 发生 辨析：take place 与 happen 动词/短语 含义 特点 take place 通常指按照计划或安排而"发生"；还可表示"举行；举办" 强调计划性 happen 指毫无计划的突然"发生"；还可表示"碰巧" 强调偶然性 例句： 1. Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the last ten years. 过去十年我的家乡发生了巨大变化。 1. No one knows what will happen in the future. 没有人知道将来会发生什么。 注意：take place 与 happen 都不用于被动语态。 即学即用： 1. The school sports meeting will ________ next Friday. A. happen B. take place C. be taken place D. be happened 1. No one knows what will ________ tomorrow. A. take place B. happen C. be happened D. be taken place 1. Great changes ________ (take) place in our city since 2020. 答案：1. B 2. B 3. have taken 考点三：used to do sth. 过去常常做某事（现在不做了） used to do sth. 表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，暗含现在已不再如此。 例句：People here used to walk to town, but now they can take buses. 这里的人过去常步行进城，现在可以坐公交车了。 拓展：易混淆短语 短语 含义 用法 used to do sth. 过去常常做某事（现在不做了） to 后接动词原形 be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 to 是介词，后接动名词 be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 被动语态，to do 为目的状语 即学即用： 1. My brother ______ ride bikes when he was young, and now he ______ riding bikes every day. A. used to; is used to B. is used to; used to C. used to; used to D. is used to; is used to 1. She didn't use to ______ in public, but she has got used to ______ speeches now. A. speak; giving B. speaking; give C. speak; give D. speaking; giving 答案：1. A 2. A 考点四：be covered with 被……覆盖 be covered with 表示"被……覆盖"，强调覆盖的状态。 例句：After the sandstorm, the farmland was covered with thick sand. 沙尘暴过后，农田被厚厚的沙子覆盖了。 拓展：cover A with B 用 B 覆盖 A Please cover the food with a clean cloth before you leave. 在你离开之前，请用一块干净的布盖住食物。 即学即用： 翻译句子：大雪过后，田地被白雪覆盖。 After the heavy snow, the fields ________________. 答案：were covered with white snow 考点五：shortage n. 短缺；不足 搭配：a / the shortage of + 名词（food / water / land / resource 等）……的短缺 例句：The shortage of fresh fruit will push up prices. 新鲜水果供应不足会抬高物价。 近义词组：a lack of sth. / lack sth. 缺乏某物 He failed because of a lack of experience. 他因缺乏经验而失败。 即学即用： 1. Some villages still ________ good medical care. A. lack B. lack of C. are lack D. short 1. 翻译句子：水资源短缺让人们很担心。 答案：1. A 2. The shortage of water makes people worried. 考点六：support v. 支持；拥护；资助 / n. 支持；帮助 support 作动词： support sb. / sth. 支持某人/某事 support sb. in doing sth. 支持某人做某事 support a family 养家糊口 support 作名词： with the support of sb. / with sb's support 在某人的支持下 government support 政府支持 give support to sb. 给予某人支持 例句： 1. It's their duty to work hard and support their families. 努力工作、养家糊口是他们的责任。 1. With the government's support, people planted bushes in the sandy land. 在政府的支持下，人们在沙地上种植灌木。 同根词：supporter n. 支持者 → supportive adj. 支持的 即学即用： 1. Many people ________ the new policy because it has brought about great changes. A. support B. lack C. prevent D. avoid 1. With the ________ of the government, the village has built a new hospital. A. support B. shortage C. lack D. attraction 答案：1. A 2. A 考点七：over the last 20 years 在过去的20年里 over / in the last / past + 一段时间，表示从过去持续到现在的时间段，常与现在完成时连用。 例句：Over the last 20 years, our village has changed beyond recognition. 在过去的20年里，我们的村子已经变得面目全非。 即学即用： 1. The village ____________ (build) a new hospital over the last five years. 1. How ________ your school ________ (change) since 2022? 答案：1. has built 2. has; changed 考点八：tourist attraction 旅游景点；观光胜地 例句：Thanks to the beautiful scenery and convenient transport, our village has become a tourist attraction. 得益于优美的风景和便利的交通，我们的村子成了旅游景点。 同根词：attract v. 吸引 → attraction n. 吸引力；景点 → attractive adj. 有吸引力的 即学即用： 1. The Great Wall is one of the most famous tourist ________ (attract) in China. 1. The old town is very ________ (attract) to visitors. 答案：1. attractions 2. attractive 考点九：improve v. 改善；提高；改进 例句：The new policy has improved our lives greatly. 新政策大大改善了我们的生活。 搭配： improve sth. 改善某物 improve one's life / living conditions 改善某人的生活/生活条件 同根词：improvement n. 改善；改进；常见搭配：make improvements 做出改进 即学即用： There has been a great ________ (improve) in my math this year. 答案：improvement 考点十：greatly adv. 大大地；非常；极大地 近义词：considerably; remarkably（写作高分词） 同根词：great adj. 巨大的；伟大的 → greatness n. 伟大；卓越 例句：These changes have greatly improved the villagers' living standards. 这些变化极大地提高了村民的生活水平。 即学即用： 翻译句子：新政策极大地改善了我们的生活。 答案：The new policy has greatly improved our lives. Part 3 语法专项：一般过去时和现在完成时对比 3.1 时态对比总表 对比维度 一般过去时 现在完成时 核心含义 表示过去某个具体时间发生的动作或存在的状态，动作已结束，与现在无直接联系 表示过去发生的动作持续到现在；过去的动作对现在造成影响 时间标志词 具体过去时间：yesterday、last week、in 2022、two days ago、just now 持续/不确定时间：for + 时间段（如 for 3 years）、since + 过去时间（如 since 2020）、over the last few years、so far、already、yet、ever、never 句子结构 肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 肯定句：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 + 其他 否定句：主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他 否定句：主语 + have/has + not（haven't/hasn't）+ 动词过去分词 + 其他 疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他？ 关键区别 只说"过去的事"，不涉及现在；时间一定是具体、明确的 连接"过去和现在"，要么持续到现在，要么对现在有影响；时间模糊，强调"到现在为止" 3.2 典型例句对比 情境 一般过去时 现在完成时 踢球 I played football yesterday.（昨天踢了球，现在不踢了） I have played football for 2 hours.（踢了2小时，现在还在踢或刚结束） 上学 She didn't go to school last Monday.（上周一没去，和现在无关） She has never been to Beijing.（从没去过北京，这是现在的状态） 吃饭 He ate lunch at 12:00.（中午12点吃的） He has already eaten lunch.（已经吃过了，现在不饿） 居住 They lived in Beijing in 2019.（2019年住北京，现在可能不在） They have lived in Beijing since 2019.（从2019年起住北京，现在还在） 3.3 语法即学即用 用动词的适当形式填空。 1. Tom __________ (eat) a cake yesterday. 1. We __________ (live) here since 2018. 1. She __________ (not finish) her homework yet. 1. They __________ (visit) their teacher last Sunday. 1. He __________ (read) three books so far. 1. My mom __________ (cook) dinner just now. 1. I __________ (know) her for four years. 1. The students __________ (play) games after school yesterday. 1. It __________ (rain) for two hours. 1. He __________ (not go) to the zoo last week. 答案： 1. ate 2. have lived 3. hasn't finished 4. visited 5. has read 1. cooked 7. have known 8. played 9. has rained 10. didn't go Part 4 当堂小测 一、单词拼写 A. 根据句意及首字母提示完成单词 1. The s________ of farmland made it hard for villagers to grow enough food. 1. With the teacher's s________, we finished the project successfully. 1. The new h________ connects the village with the city. 1. This local p________ is popular with visitors because it is handmade. 1. The river is about twenty meters w________. B. 根据句意及汉语提示填写本单元词汇 1. The __________（土壤）here is good for growing corn. 1. The __________（政府）built a new hospital for the villagers last year. 1. It is difficult for plants to grow in __________（含沙的）land. 1. The school library provides __________（电子的）books for students. 1. Better __________（住房）conditions have improved villagers' lives. 答案： A. 1. shortage 2. support 3. highway 4. product 5. wide B. 1. soil 2. government 3. sandy 4. digital 5. housing 二、语法填空 1. We can only guess ________ (rough) how many tourists will come this summer. 1. The ________ (short) of farmland was once a serious problem in the village. 1. Some students are still ________ (lack) in confidence, so teachers should encourage them more. 1. It is difficult for plants to grow in ________ (sand) soil. 1. The local ________ (govern) built a new hospital last year. 1. The old village has become more ________ (attract) to visitors because of its long history. 1. This factory ________ (produce) many kinds of farm products every year. 1. The new road has ________ (great) improved people's daily travel. 1. E-payment is ________ (wide) used in many cities now. 1. It took the workers three months ________ (build) the new bridge. 答案： 1. roughly 2. shortage 3. lacking 4. sandy 5. government 1. attractive 7. produces 8. greatly 9. widely 10. to build Part 5 能力提升 一、词语短语填空（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） 【2024-2025 武汉外国语学校十月月考】 选用方框内单词或短语的适当形式填空。 kindness / trained / order / create / command / depend on / work on Service dogs are sometimes called guide dogs or hearing dogs. These dogs can help people who cannot see or hear. They are ____________ (1) to open and close a door, push a button, and listen to a ____________ (2). Dogs can also be used as therapy dogs. Therapy dogs may visit a school or hospital to help people who are feeling lonely or anxious. Their bad feelings can ____________ (3) health problems. Therapy dogs can provide ____________ (4) and love to improve a person's mood, which can then improve that person's health. Many people ____________ (5) service animals for help. Service animals can do jobs that people cannot do alone. And they can help improve the health of people by making them feel happy. 答案： 1. trained 2. command 3. create 4. kindness 5. depend on 二、完形填空 【全文主旨】 本文讲述了作者准备手绘画册送别外教，画作被妹妹意外涂坏，在朋友Jeff的乐观建议下，将破损画作改造成校园拼图，最终收获完美结局的故事。文章传递的哲理是：困境背后总有转机，要乐观看待问题。 Our art teacher George was leaving soon for his country. I was preparing a special 1 for him. It was a hand-drawn picture book about our school. I worked a long time, trying to make each picture as 2 as possible. One day, I was drawing while my little sister Becky was watching with great 3. Just then, my classmate Jeff dropped by. "Hi! Peter, want to play basketball in the yard?" he asked. "I'd like to, 4 it's too cold outside!" I replied. "Exactly!" he said. "It's the perfect weather for not getting too hot." That's a cool thing about Jeff. He always looks on the 5 side of almost everything. "Let's go!" We went out, leaving the drawings on the table. We laughed as we returned. When I 6 the door, my heart nearly stopped. Right there, Becky was coloring my pictures. "7, Becky!" I rushed to her, but it was too late. Almost every page was colored. "What did you do?" I shouted 8. "I just wanted to help." She began to cry. "My drawings are gone forever!" I felt frustrated and 9 Jeff for help. "Unless…" said Jeff. "Unless what?" I asked. "Remember the jigsaw puzzle? We can create something new from these messy pictures." Jeff 10. "Can we make it?" I doubted. "I'm not sure, but we can have a 11." He encouraged. First, we cut the drawings into shapes, such as our brown teaching buildings, green playground and so on. Then, we 12 all these pieces together and made a jigsaw. Finally, we even added more paints. Days later, a beautiful "13" appeared in front of us. There was a 14 ending. "Thanks, guys." George smiled, "I love it so much. It will give me many 15 here." So, you see, there lies a beam of light behind every dark cloud. Jeff's way of dealing with things did help. 选项： 1. A. gift B. photo C. letter D. lesson 1. A. perfect B. thoughtful C. confident D. dependable 1. A. hope B. pride C. interest D. courage 1. A. or B. so C. and D. but 1. A. serious B. bright C. strange D. bitter 1. A. opened B. fixed C. cleaned D. painted 1. A. Run B. Come C. Jump D. Stop 1. A. bravely B. angrily C. carefully D. nervously 1. A. gave up B. looked at C. turned down D. agreed with 1. A. warned B. ordered C. reported D. suggested 1. A. try B. talk C. rest D. taste 1. A. put B. hid C. read D. threw 1. A. tree B. gate C. school D. library 1. A. boring B. happy C. terrible D. common 1. A. choices B. changes C. decisions D. memories 答案速查： 1. A 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. B 10. D 11. A 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. D 答案解析： 1. A。前文提到美术老师即将回国，后文说明这是一本手绘校园画册，是送给老师的礼物。B. photo 照片、C. letter 信件、D. lesson 课程，均不符合语境。 1. A。作者花费很长时间绘制，想让每一幅画尽可能完美。B. thoughtful 体贴的、C. confident 自信的、D. dependable 可靠的，均不能用来形容图画。 1. C。妹妹Becky满怀兴趣地看着我画画。固定搭配 with great interest 意为"饶有兴致地"。A. hope 希望、B. pride 骄傲、D. courage 勇气，不符合句意。 1. D。前半句"我想去打篮球"，后半句"外面太冷"，存在转折关系，用but。A. or 或者/否则、B. so 因此、C. and 并且，逻辑不匹配。 1. B。前文提到Jeff觉得天冷打球刚好，说明他总能看到事物积极乐观的一面。固定搭配 look on the bright side 意为"往好处想"。A. serious 严肃的、C. strange 奇怪的、D. bitter 苦涩的。 1. A。我们外出打完球回来，"我"推开门，看到妹妹在乱涂画。B. fixed 修理、C. cleaned 打扫、D. painted 涂色，均不符合场景。 1. D。看到妹妹在糟蹋画，"我"冲过去大喊"停下！"。A. Run 跑、B. Come 过来、C. Jump 跳，语义不通。 1. B。画作被涂坏，"我"愤怒地大吼。A. bravely 勇敢地、C. carefully 小心地、D. nervously 紧张地。 1. B。"我"十分沮丧，看向Jeff寻求帮助。A. gave up 放弃、C. turned down 拒绝、D. agreed with 同意，不符合语境。 1. D。Jeff提出把乱掉的画做成拼图，这是他给出的建议。A. warned 警告、B. ordered 命令、C. reported 报告。 1. A。他鼓励"我"："不确定能不能成功，但我们可以试一试。"固定搭配 have a try 意为"试一试"。B. talk 谈话、C. rest 休息、D. taste 品尝。 1. A。我们把所有碎片拼在一起。固定搭配 put…together 意为"把……组合起来"。B. hid 隐藏、C. read 阅读、D. threw 扔掉。 1. C。拼图素材是教学楼、操场等校园景物，最终成品是一幅"校园"拼图。A. tree 树、B. gate 大门、D. library 图书馆，范围片面。 1. B。后文老师十分喜欢这份礼物，说明故事有圆满、开心的结局。A. boring 无聊的、C. terrible 糟糕的、D. common 普通的。 1. D。这份特别的礼物会带给老师在这里的许多回忆。A. choices 选择、B. changes 改变、C. decisions 决定。 Part 6 参考答案速查 单词拼写答案 题号 答案 题号 答案 A-1 shortage B-1 soil A-2 support B-2 government A-3 highway B-3 sandy A-4 product B-4 digital A-5 wide B-5 housing 语法填空答案 题号 答案 题号 答案 1 roughly 6 attractive 2 shortage 7 produces 3 lacking 8 greatly 4 sandy 9 widely 5 government 10 to build 语法即学即用答案 题号 答案 题号 答案 1 ate 6 cooked 2 have lived 7 have known 3 hasn't finished 8 played 4 visited 9 has rained 5 has read 10 didn't go 完形填空答案 题号 答案 题号 答案 1 A 9 B 2 A 10 D 3 C 11 A 4 D 12 A 5 B 13 C 6 A 14 B 7 D 15 D 8 B 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第五讲 Unit 1 The Changing World Section A: What changes have taken place around you? 学生版讲义 班级：______________ 姓名：______________ 日期：______________ Part 1 单词加油站 1.1 词汇表 序号 词汇 音标 词性 释义 自测标记 1 rough /rʌf/ adj. ____________ □ 2 sandstorm /ˈsændstɔːm/ n. ____________ □ 3 farmland /ˈfɑːmlænd/ n. ____________ □ 4 shortage /ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ/ n. ____________ □ 5 lack /læk/ n. & v. ____________ □ 6 bush /bʊʃ/ n. ____________ □ 7 root /ruːt/ n. ____________ □ 8 soil /sɔɪl/ n. ____________ □ 9 sandy /ˈsændi/ adj. ____________ □ 10 government /ˈɡʌvənmənt/ n. ____________ □ 11 support /səˈpɔːt/ v. & n. ____________ □ 12 corn /kɔːn/ n. ____________ □ 13 high-tech /ˌhaɪ ˈtek/ adj. ____________ □ 14 greenhouse /ˈɡriːnhaʊs/ n. ____________ □ 15 highway /ˈhaɪweɪ/ n. ____________ □ 16 railway /ˈreɪlweɪ/ n. ____________ □ 17 attraction /əˈtrækʃn/ n. ____________ □ 18 product /ˈprɒdʌkt/ n. ____________ □ 19 greatly /ˈɡreɪtli/ adv. ____________ □ 20 socialist /ˈsəʊʃəlɪst/ adj. & n. ____________ □ 21 e-payment /iː ˈpeɪmənt/ n. ____________ □ 22 housing /ˈhaʊzɪŋ/ n. ____________ □ 23 digital /ˈdɪdʒɪtl/ adj. ____________ □ 24 audio /ˈɔːdiəʊ/ adj. & n. ____________ □ 25 dirt /dɜːt/ n. ____________ □ 26 track /træk/ n. ____________ □ 27 wide /waɪd/ adj. ____________ □ 1.2 词形转换 根据规律，补全下列词形转换，并尝试写出更多派生词。 1. rough adj. 崎岖的；粗糙的 → __________ adv. 粗略地；大约 → __________ adj. 比较级 → __________ adj. 最高级 1. short adj. 不足的；短缺的 → __________ n. 短缺；不足 → __________ v. 缩短；缩减 1. lack v. 缺乏；没有 / n. 缺乏；不足 → __________ adj. 缺乏的；不足的 1. sand n. 沙子 → __________ adj. 铺满沙子的；含沙的 1. govern v. 统治；管理 → __________ n. 政府 → __________ n. 统治者；州长 1. attract v. 吸引 → __________ n. 吸引力；景点 → __________ adj. 有吸引力的 1. produce v. 生产；制造 → __________ n. 产品；产物 → __________ n. 生产；产量 1. great adj. 巨大的；伟大的 → __________ adv. 大大地；非常 → __________ n. 伟大；卓越 1. social adj. 社会的 → __________ adj. 社会主义的 / n. 社会主义者 → __________ n. 社会主义 → __________ n. 社会 1. house v. 给……提供住所 / n. 房子 → __________ n. 住房；住宅 1. dirt n. 泥土；尘土 → __________ adj. 脏的；肮脏的 1. wide adj. 宽的；宽阔的 → __________ adv. 广泛地；普遍地 → __________ n. 宽度 1. use v. 使用；利用 / n. 用途 → __________ adj. 有用的 → __________ adj. 无用的 → __________ n. 用户 → __________ n. 用法 1. improve v. 改善；提高 → __________ n. 改善；改进 1.3 重点短语 请写出下列短语的中文释义，并在右侧空白处自测。 序号 英文短语 中文释义 1 bring about ______________ 2 take place ______________ 3 over rough roads ______________ 4 over the years ______________ 5 used to do sth. ______________ 6 be covered with ______________ 7 a lack of ______________ 8 smaller and smaller ______________ 9 with one's support / with the support of sb. ______________ 10 be amazed at ______________ 11 change the way we farm ______________ 12 tons of ______________ 13 all over ______________ 14 in one's opinion ______________ 15 for ages ______________ 16 a tourist attraction ______________ 17 sell products online ______________ 18 have been to… ______________ 19 as well as ______________ 20 cross over mountains and rivers ______________ 21 thousands of ______________ 22 as a result ______________ 23 over / in the last / past + 时间段 ______________ 24 beyond recognition ______________ Part 2 考点精讲 考点一：bring about 带来；引起；导致 核心讲解： bring about 意为"带来；引起；导致"，强调某事物导致另一事物的发生。 近义词组：、 反义词组：、 例句： The new policy has brought about great changes in rural areas. 这项新政策给农村带来了巨大变化。 拓展：bring 的相关短语 短语 含义 例句 bring out ______________ The new dress brings out her beauty. bring up ______________ She was brought up by her grandparents. bring in ______________ The factory brought in new technology. bring about ______________ What brought about the change? 即学即用： My grandparents ______ me after my parents left the village. A. brought out B. brought up C. brought about D. brought in 你的答案：______ 考点二：take place 发生 核心讲解： 辨析：take place 与 happen 动词/短语 含义 特点 take place 通常指按照计划或安排而"发生"；还可表示"举行；举办" 强调__________ happen 指毫无计划的突然"发生"；还可表示"碰巧" 强调__________ 例句： 1. Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the last ten years. 过去十年我的家乡发生了巨大变化。 1. No one knows what will happen in the future. 没有人知道将来会发生什么。 注意： take place 与 happen 都__________（用于/不用于）被动语态。 即学即用： 1. The school sports meeting will ________ next Friday. A. happen B. take place C. be taken place D. be happened 你的答案：______ 1. No one knows what will ________ tomorrow. A. take place B. happen C. be happened D. be taken place 你的答案：______ 1. Great changes ________ (take) place in our city since 2020. 你的答案：________________ 考点三：used to do sth. 过去常常做某事（现在不做了） 核心讲解： used to do sth. 表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，暗含现在已不再如此。 例句： People here used to walk to town, but now they can take buses. 这里的人过去常步行进城，现在可以坐公交车了。 拓展：易混淆短语 短语 含义 用法 used to do sth. ______________ to 后接动词原形 be used to doing sth. ______________ to 是介词，后接动名词 be used to do sth. ______________ 被动语态，to do 为目的状语 即学即用： 1. My brother ______ ride bikes when he was young, and now he ______ riding bikes every day. A. used to; is used to B. is used to; used to C. used to; used to D. is used to; is used to 你的答案：______ 1. She didn't use to ______ in public, but she has got used to ______ speeches now. A. speak; giving B. speaking; give C. speak; give D. speaking; giving 你的答案：______ 考点四：be covered with 被……覆盖 核心讲解： be covered with 表示"被……覆盖"，强调覆盖的__________（动作/状态）。 例句： After the sandstorm, the farmland was covered with thick sand. 沙尘暴过后，农田被厚厚的沙子覆盖了。 拓展： cover A with B 意为__________。 Please cover the food with a clean cloth before you leave. 在你离开之前，请用一块干净的布盖住食物。 即学即用： 翻译句子：大雪过后，田地被白雪覆盖。 After the heavy snow, the fields ________________________. 你的翻译：________________________________ 考点五：shortage n. 短缺；不足 核心讲解： 搭配：a / the shortage of + 名词（food / water / land / resource 等）__________ 近义词组：a lack of sth. / lack sth. __________ 例句： The shortage of fresh fruit will push up prices. 新鲜水果供应不足会抬高物价。 He failed because of a lack of experience. 他因缺乏经验而失败。 即学即用： 1. Some villages still ________ good medical care. A. lack B. lack of C. are lack D. short 你的答案：______ 1. 翻译句子：水资源短缺让人们很担心。 你的翻译：________________________________________________ 考点六：support v. 支持；拥护；资助 / n. 支持；帮助 核心讲解： support 作动词： support sb. / sth. 支持某人/某事 support sb. in doing sth. __________ support a family __________ support 作名词： with the support of sb. / with sb's support __________ government support __________ give support to sb. __________ 例句： 1. It's their duty to work hard and support their families. 努力工作、养家糊口是他们的责任。 1. With the government's support, people planted bushes in the sandy land. 在政府的支持下，人们在沙地上种植灌木。 同根词： supporter n. __________ → supportive adj. __________ 即学即用： 1. Many people ________ the new policy because it has brought about great changes. A. support B. lack C. prevent D. avoid 你的答案：______ 1. With the ________ of the government, the village has built a new hospital. A. support B. shortage C. lack D. attraction 你的答案：______ 考点七：over the last 20 years 在过去的20年里 核心讲解： over / in the last / past + 一段时间，表示从__________持续到__________的时间段，常与__________时态连用。 例句： Over the last 20 years, our village has changed beyond recognition. 在过去的20年里，我们的村子已经变得面目全非。 即学即用： 1. The village ____________ (build) a new hospital over the last five years. 你的答案：________________ 1. How ________ your school ________ (change) since 2022? 你的答案：________________ 考点八：tourist attraction 旅游景点；观光胜地 核心讲解： 例句： Thanks to the beautiful scenery and convenient transport, our village has become a tourist attraction. 得益于优美的风景和便利的交通，我们的村子成了旅游景点。 同根词： attract v. __________ → __________ n. 吸引力；景点 → __________ adj. 有吸引力的 即学即用： 1. The Great Wall is one of the most famous tourist ________ (attract) in China. 你的答案：________________ 1. The old town is very ________ (attract) to visitors. 你的答案：________________ 考点九：improve v. 改善；提高；改进 核心讲解： 例句： The new policy has improved our lives greatly. 新政策大大改善了我们的生活。 搭配： improve sth. __________ improve one's life / living conditions __________ 同根词： improvement n. __________；常见搭配：make improvements __________ 即学即用： There has been a great ________ (improve) in my math this year. 你的答案：________________ 考点十：greatly adv. 大大地；非常；极大地 核心讲解： 近义词：、（写作高分词） 同根词： great adj. __________ → greatness n. __________ 例句： These changes have greatly improved the villagers' living standards. 这些变化极大地提高了村民的生活水平。 即学即用： 翻译句子：新政策极大地改善了我们的生活。 The new policy __________________________________________. 你的翻译：________________________________________________ Part 3 语法专项：一般过去时和现在完成时对比 3.1 时态对比总表 请认真阅读并填写空白处，完成时态对比。 对比维度 一般过去时 现在完成时 核心含义 表示过去某个具体时间发生的动作或存在的状态，动作已结束，与现在__________ 表示过去发生的动作__________到现在；过去的动作对现在造成__________ 时间标志词 具体过去时间：yesterday、last week、in 2022、two days ago、__________ 持续/不确定时间：for + 时间段、since + 过去时间、over the last few years、so far、already、yet、ever、__________ 句子结构（肯定句） 主语 + __________ + 其他 主语 + __________ + 动词过去分词 + 其他 句子结构（否定句） 主语 + __________ + 动词原形 + 其他 主语 + __________ + not（haven't/hasn't）+ 动词过去分词 + 其他 句子结构（疑问句） __________ + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ __________ + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他？ 关键区别 只说"过去的事"，不涉及现在；时间一定是__________、__________的 连接"过去和现在"，要么持续到现在，要么对现在有影响；时间模糊，强调"__________" 3.2 典型例句对比 情境 一般过去时 现在完成时 踢球 I played football yesterday.（昨天踢了球，现在__________） I have played football for 2 hours.（踢了2小时，现在__________） 上学 She didn't go to school last Monday.（上周一没去，和现在__________） She has never been to Beijing.（从没去过北京，这是__________的状态） 吃饭 He ate lunch at 12:00.（中午12点__________） He has already eaten lunch.（已经吃过了，现在__________） 居住 They lived in Beijing in 2019.（2019年住北京，现在可能__________） They have lived in Beijing since 2019.（从2019年起住北京，现在__________） 3.3 语法即学即用 用动词的适当形式填空。 1. Tom __________ (eat) a cake yesterday. 1. We __________ (live) here since 2018. 1. She __________ (not finish) her homework yet. 1. They __________ (visit) their teacher last Sunday. 1. He __________ (read) three books so far. 1. My mom __________ (cook) dinner just now. 1. I __________ (know) her for four years. 1. The students __________ (play) games after school yesterday. 1. It __________ (rain) for two hours. 1. He __________ (not go) to the zoo last week. Part 4 当堂小测 一、单词拼写 A. 根据句意及首字母提示完成单词 1. The s________ of farmland made it hard for villagers to grow enough food. 答案：________________ 1. With the teacher's s________, we finished the project successfully. 答案：________________ 1. The new h________ connects the village with the city. 答案：________________ 1. This local p________ is popular with visitors because it is handmade. 答案：________________ 1. The river is about twenty meters w________. 答案：________________ B. 根据句意及汉语提示填写本单元词汇 1. The __________（土壤）here is good for growing corn. 答案：________________ 1. The __________（政府）built a new hospital for the villagers last year. 答案：________________ 1. It is difficult for plants to grow in __________（含沙的）land. 答案：________________ 1. The school library provides __________（电子的）books for students. 答案：________________ 1. Better __________（住房）conditions have improved villagers' lives. 答案：________________ 二、语法填空 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 1. We can only guess ________ (rough) how many tourists will come this summer. 1. The ________ (short) of farmland was once a serious problem in the village. 1. Some students are still ________ (lack) in confidence, so teachers should encourage them more. 1. It is difficult for plants to grow in ________ (sand) soil. 1. The local ________ (govern) built a new hospital last year. 1. The old village has become more ________ (attract) to visitors because of its long history. 1. This factory ________ (produce) many kinds of farm products every year. 1. The new road has ________ (great) improved people's daily travel. 1. E-payment is ________ (wide) used in many cities now. 1. It took the workers three months ________ (build) the new bridge. 请将答案写在对应题号的横线上。 Part 5 能力提升 一、词语短语填空（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） 【2024-2025 武汉外国语学校十月月考】 选用单词或短语的适当形式填空。 kindness / trained / order / create / command / depend on / work on Service dogs are sometimes called guide dogs or hearing dogs. These dogs can help people who cannot see or hear. They are ____________ (1) to open and close a door, push a button, and listen to a ____________ (2). Dogs can also be used as therapy dogs. Therapy dogs may visit a school or hospital to help people who are feeling lonely or anxious. Their bad feelings can ____________ (3) health problems. Therapy dogs can provide ____________ (4) and love to improve a person's mood, which can then improve that person's health. Many people ____________ (5) service animals for help. Service animals can do jobs that people cannot do alone. And they can help improve the health of people by making them feel happy. 二、完形填空 【全文主旨】 本文讲述了作者准备手绘画册送别外教，画作被妹妹意外涂坏，在朋友Jeff的乐观建议下，将破损画作改造成校园拼图，最终收获完美结局的故事。文章传递的哲理是：困境背后总有转机，要乐观看待问题。 Our art teacher George was leaving soon for his country. I was preparing a special 1 for him. It was a hand-drawn picture book about our school. I worked a long time, trying to make each picture as 2 as possible. One day, I was drawing while my little sister Becky was watching with great 3. Just then, my classmate Jeff dropped by. "Hi! Peter, want to play basketball in the yard?" he asked. "I'd like to, 4 it's too cold outside!" I replied. "Exactly!" he said. "It's the perfect weather for not getting too hot." That's a cool thing about Jeff. He always looks on the 5 side of almost everything. "Let's go!" We went out, leaving the drawings on the table. We laughed as we returned. When I 6 the door, my heart nearly stopped. Right there, Becky was coloring my pictures. "7, Becky!" I rushed to her, but it was too late. Almost every page was colored. "What did you do?" I shouted 8. "I just wanted to help." She began to cry. "My drawings are gone forever!" I felt frustrated and 9 Jeff for help. "Unless…" said Jeff. "Unless what?" I asked. "Remember the jigsaw puzzle? We can create something new from these messy pictures." Jeff 10. "Can we make it?" I doubted. "I'm not sure, but we can have a 11." He encouraged. First, we cut the drawings into shapes, such as our brown teaching buildings, green playground and so on. Then, we 12 all these pieces together and made a jigsaw. Finally, we even added more paints. Days later, a beautiful "13" appeared in front of us. There was a 14 ending. "Thanks, guys." George smiled, "I love it so much. It will give me many 15 here." So, you see, there lies a beam of light behind every dark cloud. Jeff's way of dealing with things did help. 请从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 题号 选项 你的选择 1 A. gift / B. photo / C. letter / D. lesson □ 2 A. perfect / B. thoughtful / C. confident / D. dependable □ 3 A. hope / B. pride / C. interest / D. courage □ 4 A. or / B. so / C. and / D. but □ 5 A. serious / B. bright / C. strange / D. bitter □ 6 A. opened / B. fixed / C. cleaned / D. painted □ 7 A. Run / B. Come / C. Jump / D. Stop □ 8 A. bravely / B. angrily / C. carefully / D. nervously □ 9 A. gave up / B. looked at / C. turned down / D. agreed with □ 10 A. warned / B. ordered / C. reported / D. suggested □ 11 A. try / B. talk / C. rest / D. taste □ 12 A. put / B. hid / C. read / D. threw □ 13 A. tree / B. gate / C. school / D. library □ 14 A. boring / B. happy / C. terrible / D. common □ 15 A. choices / B. changes / C. decisions / D. memories □ 三、阅读思考与笔记 读完本文后，请思考以下问题（可用中文或英文回答）： 1. 为什么作者一开始非常生气？如果你是作者，你会怎么做？ 1. Jeff 是一个怎样的人？文中哪些细节体现了他的性格特点？ 1. 这个故事告诉我们什么道理？请结合自己的生活经历谈一谈。 Part 6 课后巩固与自我检测 6.1 核心词汇默写 根据中文写出英文单词。 中文 英文 中文 英文 崎岖的；粗糙的 ________ 沙尘暴 ________ 耕地；农田 ________ 短缺；不足 ________ 缺乏；不足 ________ 灌木 ________ 根；根部 ________ 土壤；土地 ________ 铺满沙子的；含沙的 ________ 政府 ________ 支持；资助 ________ 玉米；谷物 ________ 高科技的 ________ 温室 ________ 公路 ________ 铁路 ________ 吸引力；景点 ________ 产品；产物 ________ 大大地；非常 ________ 电子支付 ________ 住房；住宅 ________ 数字的；电子的 ________ 泥土；尘土 ________ 小路；轨道 ________ 宽的；宽阔的 ________ 音频的；音频 ________ 6.2 重点短语默写 根据中文写出英文短语。 中文 英文 带来；引起 ______________ 发生；举行 ______________ 这些年来 ______________ 过去常常做某事 ______________ 被……覆盖 ______________ 缺乏…… ______________ 越来越小 ______________ 对……感到惊讶 ______________ 成吨的；大量的 ______________ 遍及 ______________ 据某人看来 ______________ 很久；很长时间 ______________ 一个旅游景点 ______________ 线上售卖产品 ______________ 去过某地 ______________ 也；还；并且 ______________ 翻山越河 ______________ 成千上万的 ______________ 结果；因此 ______________ 面目全非；认不出来 ______________ 6.3 重点句型仿写 仿照例句，用所给短语完成句子。 1. bring about — The new policy has brought about great changes in rural areas. 仿写：这项新技术给我们的生活方式带来了巨大变化。 The new technology has ______________________________________. 1. used to...but now... — People here used to walk to town, but now they can take buses. 仿写：我过去常常步行上学，但现在我骑自行车。 I _________________________________________________________. 1. take place — Great changes have taken place in my hometown. 仿写：过去几年里，我们学校发生了很大的变化。 Great changes ______________________________________________. 1. be covered with — After the sandstorm, the farmland was covered with thick sand. 仿写：秋天到了，地面被落叶覆盖。 In autumn, the ground ________________________________________. 1. with the support of — With the government's support, people planted bushes in the sandy land. 仿写：在老师的支持下，我成功地完成了这个项目。 __________________________________, I finished the project successfully. 6.4 写作小练笔 Topic: Changes in my hometown / school / city 请从"我的家乡""我的学校""我的城市"中选择一个主题，写一段80词左右的短文，描述它过去的样子和现在的变化。要求使用至少3个本单元所学的短语或句型。 写作提示： 可用词汇与短语：used to, take place, bring about, improve, greatly, over the last...years, with the support of, a tourist attraction, etc. 时态：一般过去时（描述过去）+ 现在完成时（描述变化） ✏️ 学习反思 完成本讲学习后，请回顾以下问题： 1. 本讲中我掌握最好的知识点是：________________________ 1. 我还需要加强的知识点是：____________________________ 1. 我对自己的评价（请在对应项打√）： □ 非常棒，全部掌握 □ 还不错，大部分理解 □ 还需要努力 □ 需要老师帮助 祝学习进步！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $