Unit7语法专练2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

**基本信息** 以“概念-辨析-陷阱-应用”为逻辑链，通过对比归纳、口诀速记和阶梯训练，系统构建定语从句（that/which/who）方法体系，培养语言理解与表达能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |核心框架|3表+4例|底层逻辑（句子合并）、关系代词速记口诀、结构拆解法|从“是什么”（定义）到“怎么用”（代词功能），建立主谓一致认知| |三大辨析|3场景对比|that/which语体差异、who/that替代规则、省略判断法（主不省宾省）|通过场景化对比，厘清易混代词使用边界| |四大陷阱|8错例|双主语排除法、主语代词必留原则、先行词类别判定、谓语单复数随先行词|针对高频错误类型，强化批判性思维| |阶梯训练|42题（A11/B10/C9/D12）|选词填空（语境匹配）、合并句子（逻辑整合）、改错（错误定位）、短文填空（语篇应用）|从基础选择到语篇综合，实现从知识到能力的迁移|

U7 Feel the Rhythm · 语法专练 定语从句：that / which / who · 学生版 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 一、核心框架 — 定语从句是什么？ 1.1 定语从句的底层逻辑 定语从句 = 用一个句子来修饰一个名词（先行词），用关系代词 that/which/who 连接。 【对比感受】 I like music. + The music has beautiful lyrics. → I like music that has beautiful lyrics. I like musicians. + The musicians are creative. → I like musicians who are creative. → 不用两句话啰嗦，用 that/who 把两句拼成一句，更紧凑。 1.2 三个关系代词 — 一张表讲清楚 关系代词 先行词（被修饰的名词） 在从句中的成分 例句 that 人或物 主语 或 宾语 I love music that tells a story.（主语） We want to find out the kind of music (that) everyone likes.（宾语——可省略） which 物 主语 或 宾语 I prefer music which is full of joy.（主语） This is a piece (which) everyone loves.（宾语——可省略） who 人 主语 或 宾语 I like musicians who are creative.（主语） The girl (who) I met at the concert is a poet.（宾语——可省略） 速记口诀 先行词是物 → that / which 先行词是人 → that / who 关系代词做宾语时可以省略： the music (that) I like ✓ the musician (who) I know ✓ 关系代词做主语时绝对不能省略： music that touches me ✓ music touches me ✗（少了that不通） 1.3 定语从句的结构拆解 把定语从句拆成两块看： 结构 示例 拆解 先行词 + that + 从句（主+谓...） music that touches my heart music（先行词·物）+ that + touches（从句谓语）+ my heart 先行词 + which + 从句 a piece which everyone loves a piece（先行词·物）+ which + everyone（从句主语）+ loves（从句谓语） 先行词 + who + 从句 musicians who write their own songs musicians（先行词·人）+ who + write（从句谓语）+ their own songs 先行词 + (that/which/who) + 从句（主语+谓语） the music (that) I listen to 先行词 + 省略的关系代词（作listen to的宾语）+ I + listen to 1.4 主谓一致 — 从句谓语跟先行词走 从句中谓语动词的单复数，由先行词决定，不是由关系代词决定。 I like the song that has beautiful lyrics. → song 单数 → has（不是 have！） I like songs that have beautiful lyrics. → songs 复数 → have（不是 has！） She is one of the musicians who play the erhu. → musicians 复数 → play 二、三大辨析 — 你分得清吗？ 辨析① that 还是 which？（先行词是物） 先行词是物时，that 和 which 大多数情况可以互换。微妙的区别： 场景 倾向 例句 日常对话 that 更自然 I like music that I can dance to. 书面/正式 which 更正式 This is a piece which was written by Chopin. 先行词有最高级/序数词/不定代词修饰 只用 that This is the best song that I've ever heard. She played the first piece that she learned. Is there anything that I can help with? that 强制使用场景 先行词被以下词修饰时，只用 that 不用 which： ① 最高级：the best / the most... ② 序数词：the first / the last ③ 不定代词：all, everything, anything, nothing, few, little, much ④ the very / the only 修饰 中考不一定直接考这个规则，但自己在定语从句中写对这些结构能提分。 辨析② who 还是 that？（先行词是人） 先行词是人时，who 和 that 都可以，但 who 更正式、更常见。 I like musicians who are creative. = I like musicians that are creative. The performer who played the erhu was amazing. ✓（who 更自然） The performer that played the erhu was amazing. ✓（that 可替代，稍口语化） 中考建议：写 who 更稳妥，但看到 that 修饰人也别觉得错。 辨析③ 什么时候可以省略关系代词？ 关系代词在从句中作宾语时，可以省略。作主语时，绝对不能省略。 位置 可以省略吗？ 例句 判断方法 作主语 不能省略！ I like music that touches my heart. ✗ I like music touches my heart. 从句缺主语 → 关系代词不能省 看从句谓语 touches 前面有没有主语 作宾语 可以省略 This is the music (that) I love. ✓ This is the music I love. 从句已有完整主谓宾 → 关系代词可省 I(love的主语) love(谓语) (that)(宾语) 快速判断法：把关系代词去掉后，从句是否还是一个完整的句子（有主语和谓语）？ 是 → 关系代词作宾语，可以省略。 否（从句缺主语） → 关系代词不能省略。 三、四大高频陷阱（分水岭级）⭐⭐⭐ 陷阱①：双主语 — 最高频错误。关系代词已经是从句主语，不能再加一个主语代词。 ✗ I like the song that it was played at the concert. → that和it重复，只能留一个 ✓ I like the song that was played at the concert. ✗ She is a musician who she writes her own music. → who和she重复 ✓ She is a musician who writes her own music. 陷阱②：主语位置的关系代词不能省略。从句缺主语时必须保留that/which/who。 ✗ I like music touches my heart. → touches 前面缺主语，必须有 that/which ✓ I like music that touches my heart. 对比：This is the song (that) I wrote. → I 是 wrote 的主语，that 作宾语，可省。 陷阱③：先行词是人是物？— 选错关系代词。物用 that/which，人用 who/that。 ✗ The composer which wrote Butterfly Lovers is Chinese. → composer是人，用who ✓ The composer who wrote Butterfly Lovers is Chinese. ✗ This is the musician that music touched millions. → 先行词music是物，应该用that/which 陷阱④：主谓一致 — 从句谓语动词单复数跟先行词走，不跟关系代词走。 ✗ I like the musicians who plays the erhu. → musicians 复数 → play（不是 plays） ✓ I like the musicians who play the erhu. ✗ A composer who use folk music... → composer 单数 → uses（不是 use！） ✓ A composer who uses folk music... 四、阶梯训练 A组 · 选关系代词 ⭐⭐ （11题） 从 that / which / who 中选一个填入横线。可多选时优先写 who/which。每题 2 分。 ★★ 1. I like music __________ has a strong rhythm. ★★ 2. The musician __________ played the erhu last night is very famous. ★★ 3. This is the most beautiful song __________ I have ever heard. ★★ 4. Do you know the girl __________ is dancing to the music? ★★ 5. I prefer songs __________ have meaningful lyrics. ★★ 6. The performance __________ we watched yesterday was amazing. ★★ 7. Chopin was a composer __________ left behind more than 200 works. ★★ 8. Is there anything __________ I can do to help with the concert? ★★ 9. She is a performer __________ everyone respects and admires. ★★ 10. The piece __________ was played at the concert is called Horse Racing. ★★ 11. He has learned all the songs __________ were taught in class this term. B组 · 合并句子 ⭐⭐ （10题） 用 that / which / who 将两个句子合并为一个含定语从句的句子。每题 3 分。 示例：I have a friend. + He plays the guitar. → I have a friend who plays the guitar. ★★ 12. I like the song. + The song uses the violin and the erhu. ★★ 13. The girl in purple is a poet. + I met her at university. ★★ 14. The policewoman will help you. + She is standing near the concert hall. ★★ 15. They are playing a piece of music. + It was written by a deaf composer. ★★ 16. George is listening to some music. + He downloaded it last night. ★★ 17. I want to meet the pianist. + He performed at the New Year concert. ★★ 18. This is the CD. + I bought it at the music store yesterday. ★★ 19. The folk song tells a touching story. + My grandmother taught it to me. ★★ 20. I'll never forget the concert. + We attended it last summer. ★★ 21. The music teacher is very patient. + She teaches us how to play the guqin. C组 · 改错 ⭐⭐⭐ （9题） 以下句子每句有一处语法错误，找出并改正。每题 2 分。 ★★★ 22. The music that it was played at the concert is my favourite. （错误类型：______） ★★★ 23. I like the musicians which play traditional instruments. （错误类型：______） ★★★ 24. This is the song touches my heart every time I hear it. （错误类型：______） ★★★ 25. He is one of the composers who uses folk music in their works. （错误类型：______） ★★★ 26. The performance who we watched last night was wonderful. （错误类型：______） ★★★ 27. Is there anything which you want to ask the musician? （错误类型：______） ★★★ 28. Chopin was the first composer which made me love piano music. （错误类型：______） ★★★ 29. She loves the songs that they have strong rhythms and catchy melodies. （错误类型：______） ★★★ 30. One of the students who plays in the band is from our class. （错误类型：______） D组 · 短文填空 ⭐⭐⭐ （12题） 在空白处填入 that / which / who，如果可省略关系代词，写「(that)」并加括号。每题 2 分。对标河北中考短文填空。 Chopin: A Great Inspiration （改编自课本 P66 阅读） Frederic Chopin (1810-1849) was one of the greatest musicians 1.__________ ever lived. When the great composer Robert Schumann first heard a work 2.__________ was written by young Chopin, he said, "Hats off, gentlemen! A genius!" Chopin was a gifted composer 3.__________ left behind more than 200 musical works. He was born in a village in Poland. His parents sent him to Vienna to widen his musical experience. By 1832, he had made his way to Paris, the city 4.__________ he would call home for the rest of his life. Chopin often told his students, "Put all your soul into it! Play the way you feel!" This is advice 5.__________ is still followed by musicians today. He was not only a great pianist, but also a respected piano teacher 6.__________ students loved and admired. One important characteristic 7.__________ can be found in Chopin's music is his use of Polish folk music. At that time, folk music was something 8.__________ some people looked down on — it was seen as too simple and common. But Chopin showed that folk music was a valuable art form. His music also helped build a nation 9.__________ was divided up by other countries. Chopin's music encouraged his people and helped them keep going through years of difficulty. Today, people around the world still listen to his moving music. Chopin died at 39. Thousands of people travelled from faraway countries to attend his funeral. His works are studied in music schools, played by pianists, heard in films and on TV, and loved by listeners young and old. The world 10.__________ Chopin left us is richer because of his music. Questions: 11. The kind of music __________ Chopin used in his works became an important characteristic of his creations. 12. The pianist __________ I admire most is Chopin, because his music touches the soul. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ U7 Feel the Rhythm · 语法专练 定语从句：that / which / who · 教师版 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 一、核心框架 — 定语从句是什么？ 1.1 定语从句的底层逻辑 定语从句 = 用一个句子来修饰一个名词（先行词），用关系代词 that/which/who 连接。 【对比感受】 I like music. + The music has beautiful lyrics. → I like music that has beautiful lyrics. I like musicians. + The musicians are creative. → I like musicians who are creative. 1.2 三个关系代词 — 一张表讲清楚 关系代词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注 that 人或物 主语/宾语 I love music that tells a story. We want to find out the kind of music (that) everyone likes. 万能代词，人物皆可 宾语位置可省略 which 物 主语/宾语 I prefer music which is full of joy. This is a piece (which) everyone loves. 只用物，比 that 正式 最高级/序数词/不定代词修饰物时只用 that who 人 主语/宾语 I like musicians who are creative. The girl (who) I met at the concert is a poet. 只用人，比 that 更正式 主语位置不能省略 教师注解 三词用法一句话：物用 that/which，人用 who/that，宾语可省主语不可省。学生在合并句子时最容易犯「双主语」错误。 1.3 定语从句的结构拆解 结构 示例 拆解 先行词 + that + 从句 music that touches my heart music（先行词·物）+ that + touches（从句谓语）+ my heart 先行词 + which + 从句 a piece which everyone loves piece（先行词·物）+ which + everyone（从句主语）+ loves 先行词 + who + 从句 musicians who write their own songs musicians（先行词·人）+ who + write（从句谓语）+ their own songs 先行词 + (that) + 从句 the music (that) I listen to 先行词 + 省略（作宾语）+ I + listen to 1.4 主谓一致 从句谓语动词的单复数由先行词决定：the song that has... ✓ / songs that have... ✓ She is one of the musicians who play the erhu. → musicians 复数 → play 教师注解 主谓一致举例对比：单数先行词→从句动词加s，复数先行词→从句动词不加s。one of the + 复数名词 + who + 复数动词。 二、三大辨析 辨析① that 还是 which？（先行词是物） 先行词是物时，that 和 which 大多数情况可以互换。以下只用 that： ① 先行词被最高级修饰：the best song that... ② 先行词被序数词修饰：the first piece that... ③ 先行词是不定代词（修饰物）：something/anything/nothing/all that... 辨析② who 还是 that？（先行词是人） 先行词是人时，who 和 that 都可以，who 更正式。中考写 who 更稳妥，但看到 that 修饰人也别觉得错。 辨析③ 什么时候可以省略关系代词？ 关系代词在从句中作主语→不能省略。作宾语→可以省略。判断：去掉关系代词后，从句还有主语吗？ music that touches me → 去掉 that → music touches me（缺主语 ✗） the song (that) I wrote → 去掉 that → the song I wrote（有 I 作主语 ✓） 三、四大高频陷阱（分水岭级） 陷阱①：双主语 — that/who 已经是从句主语，不能再加代词！ ✗ I like the song that it was played. → ✓ I like the song that was played. 陷阱②：主语位置的关系代词不能省略。从句缺主语时必须保留 that/which/who。 ✗ I like music touches my heart. → ✓ I like music that touches my heart. 陷阱③：先行词是人是物？— 物用 that/which，人用 who/that。 ✗ The composer which wrote... → ✓ The composer who wrote... 陷阱④：主谓一致 — 从句谓语跟先行词走。 ✗ musicians who plays → ✓ musicians who play / ✗ a composer who use → ✓ a composer who uses 四、阶梯训练 A组 · 选关系代词 ⭐⭐ （11题） 从 that / which / who 中选一个填入横线。可多选时优先写 who/which。每题 2 分。 ★★ 1. I like music __________ has a strong rhythm. 答案：that / which 先行词 music（物），作主语。 ★★ 2. The musician __________ played the erhu last night is very famous. 答案：who / that 先行词 musician（人），作主语。 ★★ 3. This is the most beautiful song __________ I have ever heard. 答案：that 先行词 song 被最高级修饰→只用 that。which 不可。 ★★ 4. Do you know the girl __________ is dancing to the music? 答案：who / that 先行词 girl（人），作主语。 ★★ 5. I prefer songs __________ have meaningful lyrics. 答案：that / which 先行词 songs（物），作主语。 ★★ 6. The performance __________ we watched yesterday was amazing. 答案：that / which 先行词 performance（物），作 watched 的宾语。可省略。 ★★ 7. Chopin was a composer __________ left behind more than 200 works. 答案：who / that 先行词 composer（人），作主语。 ★★ 8. Is there anything __________ I can do to help with the concert? 答案：that 先行词 anything（不定代词）→只用 that。 ★★ 9. She is a performer __________ everyone respects and admires. 答案：who / that 先行词 performer（人），作 respects 的宾语。可省略。 ★★ 10. The piece __________ was played at the concert is called Horse Racing. 答案：that / which 先行词 piece（物），作主语。 ★★ 11. He has learned all the songs __________ were taught in class this term. 答案：that 先行词 songs 被 all 修饰 → 只用 that。all + that 是 that 强制最高频场景之一。 教师注解 A组第3题（最高级+that）、第8题（anything+that）、第11题（all+that）都是 that 强制使用考点。all/every/any + that 是最容易被忽略的 that 强制场景。告诉学生：all 后面的定语从句关系代词只用 that。 B组 · 合并句子 ⭐⭐ （10题） 用 that / which / who 将两个句子合并。示例：I have a friend. + He plays the guitar. → I have a friend who plays the guitar. ★★ 12. I like the song. + The song uses the violin and the erhu. 答案：I like the song that/which uses the violin and the erhu. song（物）作主语。 ★★ 13. The girl in purple is a poet. + I met her at university. 答案：The girl in purple (who/that) I met at university is a gifted poet. girl（人）作 met 的宾语→可省略。 ★★ 14. The policewoman will help you. + She is standing near the concert hall. 答案：The policewoman who/that is standing near the concert hall will help you. policewoman（人）作主语。 ★★ 15. They are playing a piece of music. + It was written by a deaf composer. 答案：They are playing a piece of music that/which was written by a deaf composer. piece（物）作主语。 ★★ 16. George is listening to some music. + He downloaded it last night. 答案：George is listening to some electronic music (that/which) he downloaded last night. music（物）作宾语→可省略。 ★★ 17. I want to meet the pianist. + He performed at the New Year concert. 答案：I want to meet the pianist who/that performed at the New Year concert. pianist（人）作主语。 ★★ 18. This is the CD. + I bought it at the music store yesterday. 答案：This is the CD (that/which) I bought at the music store yesterday. CD（物）作宾语→可省略。 ★★ 19. The folk song tells a touching story. + My grandmother taught it to me. 答案：The folk song (that/which) my grandmother taught me tells a touching story. song（物）作 taught 的直接宾语→可省略。 ★★ 20. I'll never forget the concert. + We attended it last summer. 答案：I'll never forget the concert (that/which) we attended last summer. concert（物）作宾语→可省略。 ★★ 21. The music teacher is very patient. + She teaches us how to play the guqin. 答案：The music teacher who/that teaches us how to play the guqin is very patient. teacher（人）作主语。 教师注解 B组素材来自课本 P65 Grammar Focus 练习。批改重点：① 双主语（合并后 that/who 后面又写了 it/she/he）② 先行词是物误用 who。这两个错误占 B 组全部错误的 80% 以上。 C组 · 改错 ⭐⭐⭐ （9题） 以下句子每句有一处语法错误，找出并改正。每题 2 分。 ★★★ 22. The music that it was played at the concert is my favourite. （错误类型：______） 答案：The music that was played at the concert is my favourite. 错误：双主语（that 和 it 重复）。that 已经是从句主语，it 多余。 ★★★ 23. I like the musicians which play traditional instruments. （错误类型：______） 答案：I like the musicians who/that play traditional instruments. 错误：先行词「人」误用 which。musicians 是人→用 who/that。 ★★★ 24. This is the song touches my heart every time I hear it. （错误类型：______） 答案：This is the song that/which touches my heart every time I hear it. 错误：主语位置关系代词缺失。touches 前面缺主语→必须加 that/which。 ★★★ 25. He is one of the composers who uses folk music in their works. （错误类型：______） 答案：He is one of the composers who use folk music in their works. 错误：主谓不一致（先行词复数·谓语单数）。who 指 composers（复数）→ use。their 也提示先行词是复数。 ★★★ 26. The performance who we watched last night was wonderful. （错误类型：______） 答案：The performance (that/which) we watched last night was wonderful. 错误：先行词「物」误用 who。performance 是物→用 that/which。 ★★★ 27. Is there anything which you want to ask the musician? （错误类型：______） 答案：Is there anything that you want to ask the musician? 错误：不定代词 anything 后误用 which。anything 后用 that。 ★★★ 28. Chopin was the first composer which made me love piano music. （错误类型：______） 答案：Chopin was the first composer who/that made me love piano music. 错误：序数词 +「人」误用 which（先行词为人时 who/that 均可，which 不可）。composer 是人→用 who/that。序数词修饰只排除 which，不排除 who。 ★★★ 29. She loves the songs that they have strong rhythms and catchy melodies. （错误类型：______） 答案：She loves songs that have strong rhythms and catchy melodies. 错误：双主语（that 和 they 重复）。that 已经是从句主语，they 多余。 ★★★ 30. One of the students who plays in the band is from our class. （错误类型：______） 答案：One of the students who play in the band is from our class. 错误：主谓不一致（先行词复数·谓语用了单数 plays）。who 指 students（复数）→ play（不是 plays）。与 C4 同规则。 教师注解 C组是分水岭。全对=掌握原理。错≥3题=需要重新讲关系代词在从句中的「成分」。C4 和 C9 都是主谓一致题，两题放一起讲效果最好。C7 特别讲：先行词是人、有序数词修饰时，who/that 均可；只有先行词为物时，才禁止使用 which。让学生先判断「人还是物」再判断「有无特殊修饰」。 D组 · 短文填空 ⭐⭐⭐ （12题） 在空白处填入 that / which / who，如果可省略关系代词，写「(that)」并加括号。每题 2 分。 Chopin: A Great Inspiration （改编自课本 P66 阅读） Frederic Chopin (1810-1849) was one of the greatest musicians 1.__________ ever lived. When the great composer Robert Schumann first heard a work 2.__________ was written by young Chopin, he said, "Hats off, gentlemen! A genius!" Chopin was a gifted composer 3.__________ left behind more than 200 musical works. He was born in a village in Poland. His parents sent him to Vienna to widen his musical experience. By 1832, he had made his way to Paris, the city 4.__________ he would call home for the rest of his life. Chopin often told his students, "Put all your soul into it! Play the way you feel!" This is advice 5.__________ is still followed by musicians today. He was not only a great pianist, but also a respected piano teacher 6.__________ students loved and admired. One important characteristic 7.__________ can be found in Chopin's music is his use of Polish folk music. At that time, folk music was something 8.__________ some people looked down on — it was seen as too simple and common. But Chopin showed that folk music was a valuable art form. His music also helped build a nation 9.__________ was divided up by other countries. Chopin's music encouraged his people and helped them keep going through years of difficulty. Chopin died at 39. Thousands of people travelled from faraway countries to attend his funeral. His works are studied in music schools, played by pianists, heard in films and on TV, and loved by listeners young and old. The world 10.__________ Chopin left us is richer because of his music. Questions: 11. What kind of music __________ Chopin used in his works became an important characteristic? 12. The pianist __________ I admire most is Chopin, because his music touches the soul. 答案：1. who / that — 先行词 musicians（人），作主语。 答案：2. that / which — 先行词 work（物），作主语。 答案：3. who / that — 先行词 composer（人），作主语。 答案：4. (that / which) — 先行词 city（物），作 call 的宾语→可省略。尖子生拓展：先行词为地点时可用关系副词 where（the city where he would...），本单元不作考试要求，基础班只用 that/which 即可。 答案：5. that / which — 先行词 advice（物），作主语。 答案：6. who / that — 先行词 teacher（人），作 loved 的宾语。 答案：7. that / which — 先行词 characteristic（物），作主语。 答案：8. (that / which) — 先行词 something（物·不定代词），作 looked down on 的宾语→可省略。 答案：9. that / which — 先行词 nation（物），作主语。 答案：10. (that / which) — 先行词 world（物），作 left 的宾语→可省略。 答案：11. (that / which) — 先行词 music（物），作 used 的宾语→可省略。 答案：12. who / that — 先行词 pianist（人），作 admire 的宾语。 教师注解 D组短文改编自课本 P66 Chopin 阅读。做完后带学生回原文对照。第8题 something 是不定代词，但此处关系代词作宾语（looked down on 的宾语），that/which 均可且可省略。第4题 city 后面可省略——回到 1.2 表格看「宾语位置可省略」那条。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $