20 选择性必修第二册 Unit 4 Living with technology（配套练习Word版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业（译林版）

课时冲关20　Unit 4　Living with technology 　学生课时P335

In 1835, William Talbot finally succeeded in producing a photograph of his country house． He declared that his was the first house ever known to have drawn its own picture． The drawing was formed “by the action of light upon sensitive paper．” Photography offered nature a “pencil” to paint herself through optical (光学的) and chemical means alone．

By the midnineteenth century, people no longer needed to hire a draftsman to draw detailed images because the process could be completed instantly with a camera． Advocates for the technology stated that not only was it more precise than the human hand－it was faster and cheaper．

The removal of human fallibility in the creating process was one of photography's biggest selling points, but this also started debates about the new medium's implications for visual culture． Could images made largely by a machine be considered art? If so, where did human creativity fit in this process?

As the twentyfirst century becomes increasingly automated, more and more people attempt to identify where human agency exists in the technologically driven world． Images generated with artificial intelligence by companies like OpenAI are stimulating questions like those that emerged with the coming of the photograph． By typing a sentence, users can generate “new” images composed from images collected across the Internet． The result has been a flood of AIgenerated images in places that are previously unique to human authors． Painting competitions, commercial graphic design and the fashion of portraiture (肖像) have all since collided (碰撞) with the technology in troubling ways．

The fine arts were thought to be a final hold­out of human creativity, but the surprisingly high quality of AIgenerated images is producing deeper questions about the nature of originality． If the history of photography tells us anything, it's that the debate won't be settled quickly, straightforwardly, or by the institutions we typically associate with cultural gate keeping．

1．Why did Talbot declare that his house had drawn its own picture?

A．To downplay human factors in the creation．

B．To investigate a supernatural phenomenon．

C．To show his advanced knowledge in science．

D．To demonstrate the beauty of his country house．

2．What does the underlined word “fallibility” mean in Paragraph 3?

A．Expecting a high price．

B．Detailing the images．

C．Being likely to make errors．

D．Becoming sensitive to light．

3．What do OpenAI and cameras have in common?

A．They improve the taste of beauty．

B．They advocate fashion designs．

C．They challenge human agency．

D．They produce original images．

4．What did the author indicate by referring to the history of photography?

A．Cultural gatekeepers will solve the issue as they did．

B．AIgenerated images will go through a similar debate．

C．The nature of originality will be held in human hands．

D．The fine arts will include photography and AI images．

[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了摄影术自诞生以来对视觉文化和艺术创作的影响，以及这一影响如何在人工智能生成图像的当代背景下重演。

1．A　[推理判断题。根据文章第一段“He declared that his was the first house．．．herself through optical and chemical means alone．(他宣称他的房子是已知的第一个自己画房子的房子。这幅画是‘光在感光纸上的作用’形成的。摄影为大自然提供了一支‘铅笔’，仅通过光学和化学手段为自己作画。)”可知，William Talbot在强调摄影作为一种新技术，能够通过非人为直接操作的方式捕捉图像，从而降低了人在创作过程中的介入程度。由此推知，William Talbot宣称他的房子画了自己的画是为了淡化创作中的人为因素。]

2．C　[词义猜测题。根据文章第三段空前“The removal of human(消除人类的)”及空后“in the creating process(在创造过程中)”可推知，摄影最大的卖点之一是它可以减少在创作过程中人为错误的可能性。由此可知，划线词与C项“很可能犯错误”意义相近。]

3．C　[细节理解题。根据文章第四段“As the twentyfirst century becomes．．．with the coming of the photograph．(随着21世纪自动化程度的不断提高，越来越多的人试图在技术驱动的世界中确定人类能动性的存在位置。OpenAI等公司利用人工智能生成的图像，正如摄影术出现时一样，引发了诸多问题。)”可知，OpenAI和相机的共同之处在于都挑战了人类的能动性。]

4．B　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“If the history of photography tells us anything, it's that the debate won't be settled quickly, straightforwardly, or by the institutions we typically associate with cultural gate keeping．(如果说摄影的历史告诉了我们什么，那就是这场争论不会很快、直截了当地得到解决，也不会由我们通常与文化把关联系在一起的机构来解决。)”可推知，作者提到摄影的历史是想说明人工智能生成的图像将经历类似的辩论。]

Agriculture has come a long way from its ancient beginnings．Long ago，farmers would work hard on their individual plots of land，using simple tools or even their bare hands．They tended to their crops for many hours each day so that the crops grew well．__1__ For example，a single storm could destroy a whole year's work，while a summer of good weather could ensure a good harvest．

Modern science and technology have helped to greatly reduce the back­breaking labour involved in farming，along with the reliance on luck and guesswork．__2__

Probably one of the most beneficial innovations is drip irrigation，which has made it possible to develop big，green farms in the middle of the desert．Simcha Blass，an Israeli scientist，discovered this new way of irrigation in the 1930s．Through this discovery，farmers can now produce crops on dry land without needing much water．__3__ The limited and focused use of just the right amount of water also denies moisture (水分) to weeds，keeping them from harming the crops．

__4__ However，what if an area has plenty of water，but little usable soil？As it turns out，it is possible to grow plants without using soil at all．With hydroponics (水培)，plant roots are supported by rocks or a fiber mat．Nutrient­rich water is then provided so that the plants can grow．Recent research has centered on vertical hydroponics farming．With a vertical farm，the crops are planted in containers that are piled into plant skyscrapers．__5__

With such technological advances，the image of a farmer pushing a plough will eventually become a thing of the past．

A．Luck played a great part in farming．

B．Some areas would be too dry to grow crops．

C．Drip irrigation deals with a lack of water in an area．

D．There have been experiments to make drip irrigation a reality．

E．This irrigation method uses far less water than other methods．

F．Furthermore，nearly all hydroponic farms partially or fully automated．

G．Farmers have benefited greatly from innovations in crop production．

[语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学技术在农业中的应用，介绍了滴灌和水