9 必修第三册 Unit 1 Nature in the balance（配套练习Word版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业（译林版）

**基本信息** 聚焦"人与自然"主题，通过说明文阅读与语法训练，系统培养细节定位、逻辑推理及语法应用能力，融合语言能力与思维品质提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读A|4题|细节定位、主旨归纳|绿色冰山形成原理：现象→假设→验证→结论| |阅读B|4题|词义猜测、推理判断|宇宙声音研究：问题→方法→发现→意义| |七选五|5题|篇章结构分析|秋叶变色机制：光合作用→叶绿素变化→颜色呈现| |语法填空|10空|语法规则应用|濒危物种保护：现状→措施→成效→动机|

[必修第三册] 课时冲关9　Unit 1　Nature in the balance Ⅰ.阅读A 主题语境：人与自然 体裁：说明文 话题：揭秘绿色冰山的形成 Stephen Warren, study leader at the University of Washington has been on the case of the green icebergs for more than 30 years. He first took samples from one of these green hunks of ice in 1988, near the Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctic. Most glacial ice occurs in shades of white to brilliant blue. The bluer the ice, the older it is. Typically, compression (压缩) from accumulating layers of snow pushes air bubbles out of the ice, reducing the scattering of white light. The compressed ice absorbs most of the light except for blue，creating the blue color seen in the hearts of icebergs and glaciers. The green ice was similarly bubble­free, and yet it looked green instead of blue. Warren and his team soon found that the green ice came not from glaciers, but from marine ice. That's the ice from the undersides of floating ice shelves. At first, the team thought that organic material in the marine ice was causing the green color. But further research showed that the green marine ice didn't have a higher­than­usual amount of organic impurities. Now, a new study finds that a different sort of impurity may be the root cause of the green ice. Warren and his colleagues report that the marine ice at the bottom of the Amery Ice Shell has 500 times more iron than the glacial ice above. This iron comes from the rocks under the Antarctic Ice Sheet, which are turned into fine powder as glaciers move over them. The icebound iron oxidizes (氧化) as it contacts seawater. The resulting iron oxide particles take on a green color when light scatters through them. When icebergs break off the larger ice shelf, they carry this iron­rich ice with them. It's like taking a package to the post office. The iceberg can deliver this iron into the ocean far away, and then melt and deliver it to other living things that can use it as a nutrient. 1．What's special about the iceberg found by Warren? A．The iceberg was old. B．The iceberg absorbed blue light. C．The iceberg's heart was pure white. D．The iceberg was bubble­free and green. 2．What's the actual reason for the green color of some Antarctic icebergs? A．Iron dust from marine ice. B．Impurities of marine ice. C．Reflection of green plants. D．Compression from layers of snow. 3．What's the function of the iron mentioned in the last paragraph? A．Deliver the package. B．Oxidize the seawater. C．Bring marine life nutrients. D．Break off the large ice shelf. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．A study about Antarctic. B．The colors of icebergs. C．The movement of icebergs. D．The mystery of green icebergs. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了华盛顿大学的Stephen Warren带领自己的团队揭开了绿色冰山的形成之谜。 1．D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The green ice was similarly bubble­free, and yet it looked green instead of blue.(绿色的冰同样没有气泡，但它看起来是绿色的，而不是蓝色的。)”可知，Warren发现的冰山没有气泡且呈绿色。] 2．A　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“This iron comes from the rocks under the Antarctic Ice Sheet, which are turned into fine powder as glaciers move over them. The icebound iron oxidizes (氧化) as it contacts seawater. The resulting iron oxide particles take on a green color when light scatters through them.(这些铁来自南极冰盖下的岩石，当冰川在其上移动时，这些岩石会变成细粉末。冰封的铁在接触海水时会氧化。当光散射穿过所产生的铁氧化物颗粒时，其呈现绿色。)”可知，海冰中的铁屑是一些冰山呈绿色的真正原因。] 3．C　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The iceberg can deliver this iron into the ocean far away, and then melt and deliver it to other living things that can use it as a nutrient.(冰山可以将这些铁输送到遥远的海洋中，然后融化并将铁输送给其他可以将其用作营养物质的生物。)”可知，冰山中的铁最终会被输送给其他生物，当作它们的营养物质。] 4．D　[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段讲述了Stephen Warren研究绿色冰山30多年以及通常情况下冰的颜色；第二段介绍了绿色冰的特点以及Stephen Warren及其团队发现了其产生地点；最后两段讲述了Stephen Warren及其团队解开冰呈绿色之谜的经过以及绿色冰山的形成原理。由此可推测出，本文围绕Stephen Warren带领自己的团队揭开了绿色冰山的形成之谜展开，所以D项“绿色冰山之谜”最符合题意。] 阅读B 主题语境：人与自然 体裁：说明文 话题：宇宙声音的来源 (2024·河北石家庄高三强化练习)Most people associate space with silence. But the story of how we came to understand the universe is just as much a story of listening as it is by looking. And yet despite this, hardly any of us has ever heard space. How many of you could describe the sound of a single planet or star? And you may wonder: How do we know what these sounds are? How can we tell the difference between the sound of the sun and the sound of a pulsar (脉冲星)? Well, the answer is the science of radio astronomy. Radio astronomers study radio waves from space using sensitive antennas (天线) and receivers, which give them precise information about what an astronomical object is and where it is in our night sky. And just like the signals that we send and receive here on earth, we can convert these transmissions into sound using simple analog techniques (模拟技术). And therefore, it's through listening that we've come to uncover some of the universe's most important secrets—its scale, what it's made of and even how old it is. In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell worked with Thomas Watson on the invention of the telephone. A key part of their technical set­up was a half­mile long length of wire, which was thrown across the rooftops of several houses in Boston. The line carried the telephone signals that would later make Bell a household name. But like any long length of charged wire, it also inadvertently became an antenna. Thomas Watson spent hours listening to the strange crackles and hisses and whistles that his accidental antenna detected... As he correctly guessed, some of these sounds were caused by activity on the surface of the sun. So while inventing the technology that would usher in the telecommunications revolution, Watson had discovered that the star at the center of our solar system emitted (发射) powerful radio waves. 5．How do the radio astronomers discover the universe's secrets? A．By watching.　　 B．By calculating. C．By listening. D．By measuring. 6．What does the underlined word “inadvertently” in the third paragraph mean? A．By chance. B．On purpose. C．In surprise. D．On average. 7．What did Thomas Watson discover from the solar system's star? A．Antennas and receivers. B．Telephone signals. C．Activities of the sun. D．Radio waves. 8．From what kind of magazine can we read this text? A．Society. B．Nature. C．Culture. D．Entertainment. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了宇宙声音的来源。 5．C　[细节理解题。根据第二段“And therefore, it's through listening that we've come to uncover some of the universe's most important secrets—its scale, what it's made of and even how old it is.(因此，通过倾听，我们发现了宇宙最重要的一些秘密——它的规模，它的组成，甚至它的年龄。)”可知，天文学家是通过“听”的方式来揭示宇宙的奥秘的。] 6．A　[词义猜测题。根据划线词前半句“But like any long length of charged wire，(但就像任何长的带电电线一样，)”和后句“Thomas Watson spent hours listening to the strange crackles and hisses and whistles that his accidental antenna detected... (托马斯·沃森花了好几个小时听他的天线意外探测到的奇怪的爆裂声、嘶嘶声和哨鸣声……)”可知，这种电线也在无意中变成了天线。所以inadvertently为“无意地，意外地”之意。] 7．D　[细节理解题。根据最后一段“So while inventing the technology that would usher in the telecommunications revolution, Watson had discovered that the star at the center of our solar system emitted (发射) powerful radio waves. (因此，当沃森发明了将会引发电信革命的技术时，他发现太阳系中心的恒星会发出强大的无线电波。)”可知，沃森发现了太阳系中心的恒星发出的强大的无线电波。] 8．B　[推理判断题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍了宇宙声音的来源，属于自然科普类，所以我们可以从自然杂志上读到这篇文章。] Ⅱ.七选五 主题语境：人与自然 体裁：说明文 话题：秋天树叶颜色的变化 Why Do Autumn Leaves Change Color? We all enjoy the colors of autumn leaves.____1____ To answer this question, we first have to understand what leaves are and what they do. Leaves are nature's food factories. Plants take water from the earth through their roots and take carbon dioxide from the air.____2____Plants use the sugar as food for energy. The way plants turn water and carbon dioxide into sugar is called photosynthesis(光合作用). Chlorophyll(叶绿素) helps make photosynthesis happen. Chlorophyll gives plants their green color. As summer ends and autumn comes, the days get shorter and shorter.____3____ During winter, there is not enough light or water for photosynthesis. Trees will rest and shut down their foodmaking factories. There is no chlorophyll in the leaves. As the bright green fades away(逐渐消失), we begin to see yellow and orange colors.____4____We just can't see them in the summer, because they are covered up by the green chlorophyll. The bright reds and purples we see in leaves are made mostly in autumn. In some trees, like maples(枫树), sugar is kept in the leaves after photosynthesis stops.____5____ The brown color of trees like oaks is made from the wastes which are left in the leaves.All these things make the beautiful colors we enjoy in autumn. A．Small amounts of these colors have been in the leaves all the time. B．Why do people prefer autumn leaves to summer leaves? C．Plants use sunlight to turn water and carbon dioxide into a kind of sugar. D．Have you ever wondered how and why an autumn leaf changes color? E．Yellow and orange colors attract many of us in autumn. F．This is how trees “know” when to begin getting ready for winter. G．Sunlight and the cool nights of autumn cause the leaves to turn the sugar into a red color. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。介绍了秋天树叶颜色的变化以及变化的原因。 1．D　[上文“We all enjoy the colors of autumn leaves.”说明我们喜欢秋天树叶的颜色，设空处应该围绕这个话题展开，而后文“To answer this question, we first have to understand what leaves are and what they do.(要回答这个问题，我们首先要了解树叶是什么，它们是干什么的。)”说明是回答某个问题，所以D项“你有没有想过秋天的树叶为什么以及怎样变色的？”呼应上文，并且是问句，呼应后文，正好承上启下。] 2．C　[上文“Plants take water from the ground through their roots and take carbon dioxide from the air.”可知植物从根部吸收水分，从空气中吸收二氧化碳，后文“Plants use the sugar as food for energy. The way plants turn water and carbon dioxide into sugar is called photosynthesis(光合作用)．(植物利用糖作为食物以获取能量。植物把水和二氧化碳转化为糖的方式叫做光合作用。)”。C项中的“water and carbon dioxide”与上文一致，“a kind of sugar”与下文一致。] 3．F　[上文“As summer ends and autumn comes，the days get shorter and shorter.”可知随着秋天的到来，白天变得越来越短，此处承接这一话题，讲的还是关于季节方面的内容，所以F项“此时树木就知道应该开始准备过冬。”符合题意，并且与后文“During winter”相呼应。] 4．A　[上文“As the bright green fades away，we begin to see yellow and orange colors.”可知，当明亮的绿色消失，我们开始看到黄色和橙色，而后文“We just can't see them in the summer, because they are covered up by the green chlorophyll.(我们只是在夏天看不到它们，因为它们被绿色的叶绿素所覆盖。)”是在说明看不到黄色和橙色的原因，因此A项“树叶中一直有少量的这种颜色。”与之相呼应，承上启下。] 5．G　[上文“The bright reds and purples we see in leaves are made mostly in autumn.In some trees, like maples( 枫 树 ), sugar is kept in the leaves after photosynthesis stops.”可知我们在树叶上看到的鲜艳的红色大部分是在秋天形成的，一些树，如枫树，光合作用停止后，糖会留在叶子里。后文“The brown color of trees like oaks is made from the wastes which are left in the leaves.(树的褐色如橡树是由树叶中残留的废物形成的。)”则开始解释树叶这样变化的原因，因此G项“秋天的阳光和凉爽的夜晚使树叶把糖变成红色。”符合题意，也是说明树叶颜色的变化以及原因。] Ⅲ.语法填空 主题语境：人与自然 体裁：说明文 话题：保护濒危物种 In 1969, there were only 100 South American fur seals and sea lions making their homes along the coastline of the capital of Lima, Peru. They 1.________ (hunt) almost to extinction here, not only because of the values of their skin, but also because of the threat they posed 2.________ fishermen as fish hunters. Today, around the Palomino Islands, there are over 8,000 of these marine animals 3.________ (make) their homes. Much of the success of restoring the fur seal and sea lion populations came from local fishermen in the coastal areas of Peru. They stepped up to support these 4.________(danger) species after the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) sounded their alarm bell. Recently, the IUCU detailed how local fisheries have become efficient managers. “The Fishermen's Union defines the area 5.　　　　 each local fishing collective is 6.________ (economic) dependent and assigns responsibility for these marine resources，” explained the IUCN.In this manner, the fishermen 7.________ (they) have slowed economic migration from the Peruvian Highlands to 8.________(profit) but illegal marine activities, thus ensuring that the protected area develops well. Much of their 9.________(motivate) for marine protection has come from 10.________(see) their livelihood through new eyes－that is, they've recognized the rise of traditional fisheries and tourism. And their practice is one of the best practices for areabased conservation. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了秘鲁首都利马的渔民自发保护当地濒危物种，使得海豹和海狮数量得以很大恢复。 1．were hunted　[考查动词时态语态。句意：它们在这里被猎杀到几乎灭绝，不仅是因为它们的毛皮值钱，也因为它们对捕鱼者构成威胁。描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为they，谓语动词用复数。] 2．to　[考查介词。句意：它们在这里被猎杀到几乎灭绝，不仅是因为它们的毛皮值钱，也因为它们对捕鱼者构成威胁。结合句意表示“对……构成威胁”可知短语为pose threat to。] 3．making　[考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，在帕洛米诺群岛周围，有超过八千的海洋动物在这里安家。分析句子结构可知make在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语 over 8,000 of these marine animals 构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语。] 4．endangered　[考查形容词。句意：在国际自然对话联盟敲响警钟后，他们开始支持这些濒危物种。修饰后文名词species应用形容词作定语，endangered“濒临灭绝的”，符合语境。] 5．where　[考查定语从句。句意：IUCN解释说，渔民联盟界定了每个当地渔业集体经济依赖的区域，并分配了对这些海洋资源的责任。此处为定语从句修饰先行词area，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故应用关系副词where引导。] 6．economically　[考查副词。句意：IUCN解释说，渔民联盟界定了每个当地渔业集体经济依赖的区域，并分配了对这些海洋资源的责任。修饰后文形容词dependent应用副词economically，作状语。] 7．themselves　[考查代词。句意：通过这种方式，渔民们自己减缓了从秘鲁高地向有利可图但非法的海洋活动的经济迁移，从而确保了保护区的良好发展。此处指渔民们自己，应用反身代词themselves作同位语。] 8．profitable　[考查形容词。句意：通过这种方式，渔民们自己减缓了从秘鲁高地向有利可图但非法的海洋活动的经济迁移，从而确保了保护区的良好发展。根据后文“but illegal”可知应填形容词profitable，作定语修饰名词短语marine activities。] 9．motivation　[考查名词。句意：他们保护海洋的动机很大程度上来自于用新的眼光看待他们的生计——也就是说，他们认识到了传统渔业和旅游业的兴起。空处作宾语，表示“动机”应用名词motivation，表抽象概念，不可数。] 10．seeing　[考查非谓语动词。句意：他们保护海洋的动机很大程度上来自于用新的眼光看待他们的生计——也就是说，他们认识到了传统渔业和旅游业的兴起。see作介词from的宾语，应用动名词形式。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $