专题6 动词的时态1（一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时）（讲义）-2027年云南省（职教高考）《英语一轮讲练测》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：2027年云南省（职教高考）《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练，在编写中融入支架式教学理念，紧扣教材，将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单，以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础，再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强，实操性好，为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径，高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是2027年云南省（职教高考）《英语一轮讲练测》的第6个专题，内容为动词的时态1（一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时）。 2027年云南省（职教高考）《英语一轮讲练测》 专题6 动词的时态1（一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时） （复习讲义） 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 考点1 一般现在时 (Simple Present Tense) 即时训练 考点2 一般过去时 (Simple Past Tense) 即时训练 考点3 一般将来时 (Simple Future Tense) 即时训练 04 真题溯源·考向感知 【复习目标】 动词的时态是云南省职教高考英语的必考核心内容，每年词汇与语法部分至少有2-4题直接考查时态。其中，一般现在时考查频率最高，侧重主谓一致及客观真理表达；一般过去时常与具体过去时间状语连用，强调动作已完成；一般将来时则多结合will/shall或be going to结构，考查计划或预测。命题趋势显示，单纯时态辨析减少，更多融入语境综合考查，尤其注重时态与语态的结合。考生需精准识别时间标志词，结合上下文逻辑判断动作发生的时间节点，避免机械记忆规则，提升实际运用能力。 【考点1 一般现在时 (Simple Present Tense)】 一、概念与构成 一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作、客观事实与真理，以及现在的状态或特征。 基本结构： 动词类型 肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 be动词 I am... He/She/It is... We/You/They are... I am not... He/She/It is not (isn't)... We/You/They are not (aren't)... Am I...? Is he/she/it...? Are we/you/they...? 实义动词 （非三单） I/We/You/They + 动词原形 I like music. I/We/You/They + don't + 动词原形 I don't like music. Do + I/we/you/they + 动词原形? Do you like music? 实义动词 （三单） He/She/It + 动词-s/es She likes music. He/She/It + doesn't + 动词原形 She doesn't like music. Does + he/she/it + 动词原形? Does she like music? 注意：在否定句和疑问句中，助动词 does/do 后必须用动词原形，不可再加 -s/-es。例如：She doesn't like (✓)，She doesn't likes (✗)。 二、第三人称单数动词变化规则 规则 变化方式 例词 一般情况 直接 +s work→works, play→plays, run→runs, like→likes 以 s, x, sh, ch, o 结尾 +es pass→passes, fix→fixes, wash→washes, watch→watches, go→goes, do→does 辅音字母 + y 结尾 变 y 为 i +es study→studies, fly→flies, carry→carries, cry→cries 元音字母 + y 结尾 直接 +s play→plays, stay→stays, say→says, enjoy→enjoys 特殊变化 不规则 have→has, be→is/am/are 三、基本用法 1. 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态 常与 always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day/week/month/year, once a week, on Sundays 等时间状语连用。 例：I get up at six every morning. 我每天早上六点起床。 例：She often goes to the library after school. 她放学后经常去图书馆。 2. 表示客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象 例：The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 例：Light travels faster than sound. 光比声音传播得快。 例：Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 3. 表示现阶段的状态、能力、特征或爱好 例：He works in a hospital. 他在一家医院工作。 例：My mother likes dancing. 我妈妈喜欢跳舞。 注意：客观真理和事实在任何情况下都使用一般现在时，不受主句时态影响。例如：The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun. (✓) —— 即使主句是过去时，从句仍用一般现在时，因为这是客观真理。 四、特殊用法——主将从现 在时间状语从句（when, as soon as, until, before, after, the moment 等引导）和条件状语从句（if, unless, as long as 等引导）中，用一般现在时表示将来动作，主句使用一般将来时。 例：I will call you as soon as I get home. 我一到家就给你打电话。(get, 不用 will get) 例：If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go hiking. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去徒步。 例：You won't pass the exam unless you study hard. 除非你努力学习，否则你不会通过考试。 口诀：主将从现记心间，if/when从句用现在，主句will加原形。 五、标志词/时间状语汇总 always 总是, usually 通常, often 经常, sometimes 有时, seldom 很少, never 从不, every day 每天, every week 每周, on Sundays 每逢周日, once a week 一周一次, twice a month 一月两次 【即时训练】 1. My father ______ to work by bus every day. A. go B. goes C. going D. to go 【答案】B 【详解】考查一般现在时第三人称单数。主语My father是第三人称单数，谓语动词应用goes。时间状语every day提示用一般现在时。 2. The earth ______ around the sun. A. move B. moves C. moved D. will move 【答案】B 【详解】考查客观真理用一般现在时。地球绕太阳转是客观事实，永远使用一般现在时，主语The earth为三单，用moves。 3. She doesn't ______ coffee. She prefers tea. A. likes B. like C. liked D. liking 【答案】B 【详解】考查否定句结构。doesn't后必须接动词原形，She doesn't like (✓)。doesn't likes (✗) 是常见错误。 4. If it ______ tomorrow, we will stay at home. A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. rained 【答案】B 【详解】考查「主将从现」。if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来，主语it为三单，用rains。主句we will stay用将来时。 5. — Does your sister ______ English every morning? — Yes, she ______. A. reads; does B. read; does C. read; do D. reads; do 【答案】B 【详解】考查一般疑问句。Does开头的一般疑问句中，实义动词用原形read；回答时用Yes, she does.。 6. Tom usually ______ up at 6:30 in the morning. A. get B. gets C. got D. is getting 【答案】B 【详解】usually提示一般现在时，主语Tom为三单，谓语用gets。 7. Light ______ faster than sound. A. travel B. travels C. traveled D. is traveling 【答案】B 【详解】客观真理永远用一般现在时，Light为三单，用travels。 8. We'll go to the park as soon as the rain ______. A. stop B. stops C. will stop D. stopped 【答案】B 【详解】考查as soon as引导的时间状语从句中「主将从现」。主语the rain为三单，用stops。 9. She ______ her homework at school every afternoon. A. do B. does C. did D. is doing 【答案】B 【详解】do one's homework意为「做作业」。主语She为三单，every afternoon提示一般现在时，用does。 10. My brother ______ a new bike. He likes it very much. A. have B. has C. had D. is having 【答案】B 【详解】have表示「有」，主语My brother为三单，应用has表示「有」的状态。 【考点2 一般过去时 (Simple Past Tense)】 一、概念与构成 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用。 基本结构： 动词类型 肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 be动词 I/He/She/It was... We/You/They were... I/He/She/It was not (wasn't)... We/You/They were not (weren't)... Was I/he/she/it...? Were we/you/they...? 实义动词 主语 + 动词过去式 I played tennis yesterday. 主语 + didn't + 动词原形 I didn't play tennis yesterday. Did + 主语 + 动词原形? Did you play tennis yesterday? There be句型 There was + 单数/不可数 There were + 复数 There wasn't... There weren't... Was there...? Were there...? 注意：didn't / Did 后必须接动词原形，不可再使用过去式。例如：He didn't went (✗) → He didn't go (✓)。 二、动词过去式变化规则 规则 变化方式 例词 一般情况 直接 +ed work→worked, play→played, look→looked 以不发音e结尾 直接 +d live→lived, like→liked, move→moved 辅音字母 + y 结尾 变 y 为 i +ed study→studied, carry→carried, cry→cried 重读闭音节，末尾一个辅音字母 双写辅音字母 +ed stop→stopped, plan→planned, drop→dropped, prefer→preferred 不规则变化 需单独记忆 go→went, come→came, see→saw, eat→ate, have→had, do→did, take→took, get→got, make→made, run→ran, buy→bought, think→thought, teach→taught, bring→brought 三、常见不规则动词过去式（高频必背） 动词原形 过去式 词义 动词原形 过去式 词义 be (am/is) was 是 are were 是 begin began 开始 break broke 打破 bring brought 带来 build built 建造 buy bought 购买 catch caught 抓住 come came 来 do/does did 做 drink drank 喝 drive drove 驾驶 eat ate 吃 fall fell 落下 feel felt 感觉 find found 找到 fly flew 飞 forget forgot 忘记 get got 得到 give gave 给 go went 去 have/has had 有 hear heard 听见 know knew 知道 leave left 离开 lose lost 丢失 make made 制作 meet met 遇见 pay paid 支付 put put 放 read read 读 run ran 跑 say said 说 see saw 看见 sell sold 卖 send sent 发送 sing sang 唱 sit sat 坐 sleep slept 睡觉 speak spoke 说 spend spent 花费 stand stood 站 swim swam 游泳 take took 拿/带 teach taught 教 tell told 告诉 think thought 想 win won 赢 write wrote 写 understand understood 理解 四、基本用法 1. 表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态 常与 yesterday, last week/month/year, ...ago, in 2020, just now, the other day, at that time 等连用。 例：I saw a film yesterday. 我昨天看了一部电影。 例：She was a teacher ten years ago. 十年前她是一名老师。 2. 表示过去经常性或反复发生的动作 例：When I was young, I often went swimming in the river. 我年轻时经常去河里游泳。 例：He used to smoke, but he gave it up last year. 他过去抽烟，但去年戒了。 3. 在宾语从句中，主句为过去时，从句也应用相应的过去时态（时态一致性） 例：He said that he would come. 他说他会来。 例：She told me that she had finished her homework. 她告诉我她已经完成作业了。 注意：used to do sth. 表示「过去常常做某事（现在不做）」，其中 to 是不定式符号，后接动词原形。be used to doing sth. 表示「习惯做某事」，to 是介词，后接动名词。 五、标志词/时间状语汇总 yesterday 昨天, the day before yesterday 前天, last night/week/month/year 昨晚/上周/上月/去年, ...ago ......以前, in 2020 在2020年, just now 刚才, at that time 那时, once upon a time 从前, the other day 前几天 【即时训练】 1. She ______ a letter to her parents last week. A. write B. writes C. wrote D. is writing 【答案】C 【详解】last week提示一般过去时，write的过去式是wrote（不规则变化）。 2. — Did you ______ the film last night? — No, I ______. A. saw; didn't B. see; did C. see; didn't D. saw; did 【答案】C 【详解】Did开头的一般疑问句中，实义动词用原形see；否定回答用No, I didn't.。 3. He ______ his homework and then went out to play. A. finish B. finishes C. finished D. will finish 【答案】C 【详解】and连接并列谓语，went out是过去式，所以finish也应用过去式finished，保持时态一致。 4. There ______ a big tree in front of my house when I was a child. A. is B. was C. are D. were 【答案】B 【详解】when I was a child提示过去，a big tree是单数，用There was。 5. My mother ______ me a new bike on my birthday last year. A. buy B. buys C. bought D. will buy 【答案】C 【详解】last year提示一般过去时，buy的过去式是bought（不规则变化）。 6. The students ______ the classroom yesterday afternoon. A. clean B. cleans C. cleaned D. will clean 【答案】C 【详解】yesterday afternoon提示一般过去时，clean的过去式是cleaned。 7. — Where ______ you born? — I ______ born in Kunming. A. was; was B. were; were C. were; was D. was; were 【答案】C 【详解】be born意为「出生」，出生是过去的事。you用were，I用was。 8. He didn't ______ to school yesterday because he was ill. A. went B. go C. goes D. going 【答案】B 【详解】didn't后必须接动词原形go，不能再用过去式went。 9. My brother ______ his keys and couldn't get into the house. A. lose B. loses C. lost D. is losing 【答案】C 【详解】根据couldn't提示为过去时，谓语动词应用过去式lost（lose—lost—lost）。 10. When I ______ young, I often ______ to the park with my grandparents. A. was; go B. am; went C. was; went D. am; go 【答案】C 【详解】表示过去的经常性动作，两个动词都应用过去式。was和went保持时态一致。 【考点3 一般将来时 (Simple Future Tense)】 一、概念与构成 一般将来时表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 构成方式 肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 用法说明 will + 动词原形 I/We/You/He/She/It/ They will do... 主语 + will not (won't)+ 动词原形 Will + 主语+ 动词原形? 所有人称通用；表示将来会发生的事或临时决定 shall + 动词原形 I/We shall do... I/We shall not + 动词原形 Shall + I/we+ 动词原形? 仅用于第一人称I/We（正式/英式英语）;Shall I/we...? 表示征求意见 be going to+ 动词原形 I am going to do... He/She is going to do... We/They are going to do... am/is/are + not + going to+ 动词原形 Am/Is/Are + 主语+ going to + 动词原形? 表示事先计划/打算/有迹象要发生的事 二、will 与 be going to 的区别 用法场景 will be going to 事先计划 临时决定时用 例：—The phone is ringing. —I'll answer it. 事先已有计划/打算 例：I'm going to visit my grandparents this weekend. 客观迹象 一般不用 有迹象表明要发生 例：Look at the clouds! It's going to rain. 意愿/承诺 表示主观意愿、承诺 例：I will help you. / I won't tell anyone. 较少用于此意 征求意见 Will you...? 表示请求 Shall I/we...? 征求意见 一般不用 客观将来 科学预测或必然会发生 例：The sun will rise at 6:00 tomorrow. 较少使用 注意：在条件/时间状语从句中，不能用will或be going to，而应用一般现在时表将来（即「主将从现」原则）。例如：If it is fine tomorrow, we will go. (✓) If it will be fine tomorrow... (✗) 三、其他表示将来的方式 1. 现在进行时表将来（位置移动类动词） come, go, leave, arrive, start, fly 等动词可用现在进行时表示按计划即将发生的动作。 例：I'm leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天要去北京。 例：The train is arriving in five minutes. 火车五分钟后到站。 2. be about to do sth. 表示「即将/正要」做某事（不与具体时间状语连用） 例：The meeting is about to begin. 会议即将开始。 例：I was about to go out when the phone rang. 我正要出门，电话响了。 3. be to do sth. 表示按计划/安排/应该要做的事 例：The president is to visit Japan next month. 总统下月将访问日本。 四、“主将从现”在将来时中的应用 这是三种时态中最容易出错的考点，务必牢记：在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，而主句仍用一般将来时。 例：I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时我会告诉他这个消息。(comes, 不用 will come) 例：We won't start until the rain stops. 直到雨停我们才会出发。(stops, 不用 will stop) 例：If you work hard, you will succeed. 如果你努力，你会成功的。(work, 不用 will work) 例：Unless you hurry up, you'll miss the bus. 除非你快点，否则你会错过公交车。(hurry up, 不用 will hurry up) 五、There be 句型的将来时 There will be... / There is/are going to be... 将会有…… 例：There will be a sports meeting next week. 下周将有一场运动会。 例：There is going to be a concert tomorrow. 明天将有一场音乐会。 注意：不能用 There is going to have (✗)，正确形式是 There is going to be (✓)。 六、标志词/时间状语汇总 tomorrow 明天, the day after tomorrow 后天, next week/month/year 下周/月/年, in the future 在未来, in + 时间段 (in three days 三天后), soon 很快, later 稍后, from now on 从现在起 【即时训练】 1. — What are you going to do this Sunday? — I ______ my grandparents in the countryside. A. visit B. visited C. am going to visit D. will visiting 【答案】C 【详解】问句用 be going to 提问，回答应保持一致，且 this Sunday 提示将来。be going to + 动词原形。 2. I ______ you the book as soon as I finish reading it. A. will give B. give C. gave D. am giving 【答案】A 【详解】as soon as引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时finish表将来，主句用一般将来时will give。 3. Look at the black clouds! It ______. A. will rain B. is going to rain C. rains D. rained 【答案】B 【详解】有迹象表明将要发生的事用be going to。乌云密布是下雨的迹象。 4. There ______ a basketball match in our school next Monday. A. will have B. is going to have C. will be D. has 【答案】C 【详解】There be 句型的将来时为 There will be，不能用 There will have。 5. — The phone is ringing. — I ______ it. A. answer B. answered C. will answer D. am answering 【答案】C 【详解】临时决定去做某事用will。电话响了才决定去接，是临时决定。 6. If he ______ hard, he will pass the exam. A. study B. studies C. will study D. studied 【答案】B 【详解】「主将从现」。if条件从句用一般现在时，主语he为三单，用studies。 7. My sister ______ 18 years old next month. A. is B. was C. will be D. has been 【答案】C 【详解】next month提示将来时间，用一般将来时will be。 8. We ______ unless the weather ______ better. A. will go; gets B. won't go; will get C. won't go; gets D. will go; will get 【答案】C 【详解】unless引导条件状语从句，「主将从现」。从句用一般现在时gets，主句根据句意「除非天气变好，否则不去」用否定won't go。 9. She ______ to Beijing tomorrow morning. The train ______ at 8:00. A. leaves; leaves B. is leaving; leaves C. will leave; leaves D. is leaving; will leave 【答案】B 【详解】leave/go/come等位置移动动词可用现在进行时表将来(is leaving)；火车按时刻表发车用一般现在时(leaves)。 10. We ______ have a class meeting next Monday afternoon. A. will to B. are going C. are going to D. going to 【答案】C 【详解】be going to + 动词原形表「计划/安排」。are going to have 表示「将要开班会」。 1.（2022年真题第10题） Fire ______ in the kitchen. A. broke out B. broke off C. broke on D. broke of 【答案】A 【详解】句意：厨房里发生了火灾。考查一般过去时和动词短语辨析。break out意为「（战争、火灾、疾病等）爆发」，过去式为broke out。break off意为「中断/折断」，break on/break off搭配不当。故选A。 2.（2022年职教高考真题第15题） I will call you as soon as I ______ back home. A. come B. comes C. will come D. shall come 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我一回到家就给你打电话。考查「主将从现」原则。as soon as引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来，主语I用动词原形come。注意不能选comes（三单形式），也不能选will come（将来时）。故选A。 3.（2022年职教高考真题第17题） More and more people ______ mobile payment. A. prefers B. prefer to C. prefer D. prefering 【答案】C 【详解】句意：越来越多的人更喜欢移动支付。考查一般现在时。主语people是复数，用动词原形prefer。prefer to中to是介词需要接名词/动名词，后无宾语时不加to。故选C。 4.（2022年职教高考真题第28题） Tom and John ______ TV this time yesterday. A. were watching B. was watching C. are watching D. is watching 【答案】A 【详解】句意：汤姆和约翰昨天这个时候正在看电视。考查过去进行时。this time yesterday提示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，Tom and John为复数主语，用were watching。相关考点：一般过去时vs过去进行时的区别。 5.（2022年职教高考真题第22题） The train then was very slow, so ______ people liked taking trains. A. a little B. little C. few D. a few 【答案】C 【详解】句意：那时的火车非常慢，所以几乎没人喜欢坐火车。考查一般过去时和数量词辨析。then + was + liked说明全句为一般过去时态。few修饰可数名词表「几乎没有（否定含义）」，此处表达「几乎没人喜欢」。注意a few表示肯定含义「有几个」，little/a little修饰不可数名词。故选C。 6.（2023年职教高考真题第23题） Many highways ______ in order to develop villages in the next five years. A. build B. built C. were built D. will be built 【答案】D 【详解】句意：为了在接下来五年发展农村，将修建许多公路。in the next five years提示将来时间，Many highways与build之间存在被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态will be built。故选D。 7.（2023年职教高考真题第28题） If there ______ no buying and selling of animals, there will be no killing in nature. A. is B. will be C. has D. will have 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果没有动物买卖，自然界就不会有杀戮。考查「主将从现」原则。if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，there be句型的一般现在时单数用there is。故选A。 8.（2023年职教高考真题第30题） Thanks to the new technology, a new modern school ______ in our town last year. A. built B. is built C. was built D. building 【答案】C 【详解】句意：多亏新技术，去年我们镇上建了一所新现代学校。last year提示一般过去时，a new modern school与build之间存在被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态was built。故选C。 9.（2023年职教高考真题第67题） The teacher ________ (看到了) a boy lying on the ground near his house this morning. A. see B. sees C. saw D. seeing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：今天早上，老师看到一个小男孩躺在他家附近的地面上。考查一般过去时。this morning暗示动作发生在过去，see的过去式为saw。词性转换题中常涉及动词时态变形，需根据时间状语判断。故选C。 10.（改编自2023年单句） If it ________ (rain) tomorrow, we won't go to the park. (用所给词的适当形式填空) （填空题） 【答案】rains 【详解】考查「主将从现」原则在词性转换题中的应用。if条件句中表将来用一般现在时，it为第三人称单数，rain需加-s变为rains。词性转换题中常要求考生根据语境判断时态并填入正确形式。 11.（2024年职教高考真题第26题） Tom learns English very hard. He ______ CCTV English News every morning. A. listen B. listen to C. hear D. listens to 【答案】D 【详解】句意：汤姆学英语很努力。他每天早上都听央视英语新闻。主语He为第三人称单数，every morning提示一般现在时，listen to意为「听（广播等）」，三单形式为listens to。listen不及物需加to；hear强调「听到」的结果。故选D。 12.（2024年职教高考真题） If you work hard, you ______ good grades. A. get B. got C. will get D. would get 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果你努力学习，你会取得好成绩。考查「主将从现」原则。if从句用一般现在时work，主句用一般将来时will get。本题为教材中高频出现的条件句式。故选C。 13.（2025年职教高考真题，时态综合） He ______ to Beijing last month and ______ back next week. A. went; will come B. goes; comes C. went; comes D. goes; will come 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他上个月去了北京，下周回来。前半句有last month，用一般过去时went；后半句有next week，用一般将来时will come。本题同时考查一般过去时和一般将来时的时间状语判断。故选A。 14.（2026年职教高考真题，主将从现） You'll miss the bus ______ you hurry up. A. if B. unless C. when D. because 【答案】B 【详解】句意：除非你快点，否则你会赶不上公交车。unless = if...not，引导条件状语从句，适用「主将从现」原则。hurry up用原形（一般现在时）表将来，主句用一般将来时You'll miss。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：2027年云南省（职教高考）《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练，在编写中融入支架式教学理念，紧扣教材，将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单，以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础，再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强，实操性好，为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径，高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是2027年云南省（职教高考）《英语一轮讲练测》的第6个专题，内容为动词的时态1（一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时）。 2027年云南省（职教高考）《英语一轮讲练测》 专题6 动词的时态1（一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时） （复习讲义） 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 考点1 一般现在时 (Simple Present Tense) 即时训练 考点2 一般过去时 (Simple Past Tense) 即时训练 考点3 一般将来时 (Simple Future Tense) 即时训练 04 真题溯源·考向感知 【复习目标】 动词的时态是云南省职教高考英语的必考核心内容，每年词汇与语法部分至少有2-4题直接考查时态。其中，一般现在时考查频率最高，侧重主谓一致及客观真理表达；一般过去时常与具体过去时间状语连用，强调动作已完成；一般将来时则多结合will/shall或be going to结构，考查计划或预测。命题趋势显示，单纯时态辨析减少，更多融入语境综合考查，尤其注重时态与语态的结合。考生需精准识别时间标志词，结合上下文逻辑判断动作发生的时间节点，避免机械记忆规则，提升实际运用能力。 【考点1 一般现在时 (Simple Present Tense)】 一、概念与构成 一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作、客观事实与真理，以及现在的状态或特征。 基本结构： 动词类型 肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 be动词 I am... He/She/It is... We/You/They are... I am not... He/She/It is not (isn't)... We/You/They are not (aren't)... Am I...? Is he/she/it...? Are we/you/they...? 实义动词 （非三单） I/We/You/They + 动词原形 I like music. I/We/You/They + don't + 动词原形 I don't like music. Do + I/we/you/they + 动词原形? Do you like music? 实义动词 （三单） He/She/It + 动词-s/es She likes music. He/She/It + doesn't + 动词原形 She doesn't like music. Does + he/she/it + 动词原形? Does she like music? 注意：在否定句和疑问句中，助动词 does/do 后必须用动词原形，不可再加 -s/-es。例如：She doesn't like (✓)，She doesn't likes (✗)。 二、第三人称单数动词变化规则 规则 变化方式 例词 一般情况 直接 +s work→works, play→plays, run→runs, like→likes 以 s, x, sh, ch, o 结尾 +es pass→passes, fix→fixes, wash→washes, watch→watches, go→goes, do→does 辅音字母 + y 结尾 变 y 为 i +es study→studies, fly→flies, carry→carries, cry→cries 元音字母 + y 结尾 直接 +s play→plays, stay→stays, say→says, enjoy→enjoys 特殊变化 不规则 have→has, be→is/am/are 三、基本用法 1. 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态 常与 always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day/week/month/year, once a week, on Sundays 等时间状语连用。 例：I get up at six every morning. 我每天早上六点起床。 例：She often goes to the library after school. 她放学后经常去图书馆。 2. 表示客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象 例：The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 例：Light travels faster than sound. 光比声音传播得快。 例：Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 3. 表示现阶段的状态、能力、特征或爱好 例：He works in a hospital. 他在一家医院工作。 例：My mother likes dancing. 我妈妈喜欢跳舞。 注意：客观真理和事实在任何情况下都使用一般现在时，不受主句时态影响。例如：The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun. (✓) —— 即使主句是过去时，从句仍用一般现在时，因为这是客观真理。 四、特殊用法——主将从现 在时间状语从句（when, as soon as, until, before, after, the moment 等引导）和条件状语从句（if, unless, as long as 等引导）中，用一般现在时表示将来动作，主句使用一般将来时。 例：I will call you as soon as I get home. 我一到家就给你打电话。(get, 不用 will get) 例：If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go hiking. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去徒步。 例：You won't pass the exam unless you study hard. 除非你努力学习，否则你不会通过考试。 口诀：主将从现记心间，if/when从句用现在，主句will加原形。 五、标志词/时间状语汇总 always 总是, usually 通常, often 经常, sometimes 有时, seldom 很少, never 从不, every day 每天, every week 每周, on Sundays 每逢周日, once a week 一周一次, twice a month 一月两次 【即时训练】 1. My father ______ to work by bus every day. A. go B. goes C. going D. to go 2. The earth ______ around the sun. A. move B. moves C. moved D. will move 3. She doesn't ______ coffee. She prefers tea. A. likes B. like C. liked D. liking 4. If it ______ tomorrow, we will stay at home. A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. rained 5. — Does your sister ______ English every morning? — Yes, she ______. A. reads; does B. read; does C. read; do D. reads; do 6. Tom usually ______ up at 6:30 in the morning. A. get B. gets C. got D. is getting 7. Light ______ faster than sound. A. travel B. travels C. traveled D. is traveling 8. We'll go to the park as soon as the rain ______. A. stop B. stops C. will stop D. stopped 9. She ______ her homework at school every afternoon. A. do B. does C. did D. is doing 10. My brother ______ a new bike. He likes it very much. A. have B. has C. had D. is having 【考点2 一般过去时 (Simple Past Tense)】 一、概念与构成 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用。 基本结构： 动词类型 肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 be动词 I/He/She/It was... We/You/They were... I/He/She/It was not (wasn't)... We/You/They were not (weren't)... Was I/he/she/it...? Were we/you/they...? 实义动词 主语 + 动词过去式 I played tennis yesterday. 主语 + didn't + 动词原形 I didn't play tennis yesterday. Did + 主语 + 动词原形? Did you play tennis yesterday? There be句型 There was + 单数/不可数 There were + 复数 There wasn't... There weren't... Was there...? Were there...? 注意：didn't / Did 后必须接动词原形，不可再使用过去式。例如：He didn't went (✗) → He didn't go (✓)。 二、动词过去式变化规则 规则 变化方式 例词 一般情况 直接 +ed work→worked, play→played, look→looked 以不发音e结尾 直接 +d live→lived, like→liked, move→moved 辅音字母 + y 结尾 变 y 为 i +ed study→studied, carry→carried, cry→cried 重读闭音节，末尾一个辅音字母 双写辅音字母 +ed stop→stopped, plan→planned, drop→dropped, prefer→preferred 不规则变化 需单独记忆 go→went, come→came, see→saw, eat→ate, have→had, do→did, take→took, get→got, make→made, run→ran, buy→bought, think→thought, teach→taught, bring→brought 三、常见不规则动词过去式（高频必背） 动词原形 过去式 词义 动词原形 过去式 词义 be (am/is) was 是 are were 是 begin began 开始 break broke 打破 bring brought 带来 build built 建造 buy bought 购买 catch caught 抓住 come came 来 do/does did 做 drink drank 喝 drive drove 驾驶 eat ate 吃 fall fell 落下 feel felt 感觉 find found 找到 fly flew 飞 forget forgot 忘记 get got 得到 give gave 给 go went 去 have/has had 有 hear heard 听见 know knew 知道 leave left 离开 lose lost 丢失 make made 制作 meet met 遇见 pay paid 支付 put put 放 read read 读 run ran 跑 say said 说 see saw 看见 sell sold 卖 send sent 发送 sing sang 唱 sit sat 坐 sleep slept 睡觉 speak spoke 说 spend spent 花费 stand stood 站 swim swam 游泳 take took 拿/带 teach taught 教 tell told 告诉 think thought 想 win won 赢 write wrote 写 understand understood 理解 四、基本用法 1. 表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态 常与 yesterday, last week/month/year, ...ago, in 2020, just now, the other day, at that time 等连用。 例：I saw a film yesterday. 我昨天看了一部电影。 例：She was a teacher ten years ago. 十年前她是一名老师。 2. 表示过去经常性或反复发生的动作 例：When I was young, I often went swimming in the river. 我年轻时经常去河里游泳。 例：He used to smoke, but he gave it up last year. 他过去抽烟，但去年戒了。 3. 在宾语从句中，主句为过去时，从句也应用相应的过去时态（时态一致性） 例：He said that he would come. 他说他会来。 例：She told me that she had finished her homework. 她告诉我她已经完成作业了。 注意：used to do sth. 表示「过去常常做某事（现在不做）」，其中 to 是不定式符号，后接动词原形。be used to doing sth. 表示「习惯做某事」，to 是介词，后接动名词。 五、标志词/时间状语汇总 yesterday 昨天, the day before yesterday 前天, last night/week/month/year 昨晚/上周/上月/去年, ...ago ......以前, in 2020 在2020年, just now 刚才, at that time 那时, once upon a time 从前, the other day 前几天 【即时训练】 1. She ______ a letter to her parents last week. A. write B. writes C. wrote D. is writing 2. — Did you ______ the film last night? — No, I ______. A. saw; didn't B. see; did C. see; didn't D. saw; did 3. He ______ his homework and then went out to play. A. finish B. finishes C. finished D. will finish 4. There ______ a big tree in front of my house when I was a child. A. is B. was C. are D. were 5. My mother ______ me a new bike on my birthday last year. A. buy B. buys C. bought D. will buy 6. The students ______ the classroom yesterday afternoon. A. clean B. cleans C. cleaned D. will clean 7. — Where ______ you born? — I ______ born in Kunming. A. was; was B. were; were C. were; was D. was; were 8. He didn't ______ to school yesterday because he was ill. A. went B. go C. goes D. going 9. My brother ______ his keys and couldn't get into the house. A. lose B. loses C. lost D. is losing 10. When I ______ young, I often ______ to the park with my grandparents. A. was; go B. am; went C. was; went D. am; go 【考点3 一般将来时 (Simple Future Tense)】 一、概念与构成 一般将来时表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 构成方式 肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 用法说明 will + 动词原形 I/We/You/He/She/It/ They will do... 主语 + will not (won't)+ 动词原形 Will + 主语+ 动词原形? 所有人称通用；表示将来会发生的事或临时决定 shall + 动词原形 I/We shall do... I/We shall not + 动词原形 Shall + I/we+ 动词原形? 仅用于第一人称I/We（正式/英式英语）;Shall I/we...? 表示征求意见 be going to+ 动词原形 I am going to do... He/She is going to do... We/They are going to do... am/is/are + not + going to+ 动词原形 Am/Is/Are + 主语+ going to + 动词原形? 表示事先计划/打算/有迹象要发生的事 二、will 与 be going to 的区别 用法场景 will be going to 事先计划 临时决定时用 例：—The phone is ringing. —I'll answer it. 事先已有计划/打算 例：I'm going to visit my grandparents this weekend. 客观迹象 一般不用 有迹象表明要发生 例：Look at the clouds! It's going to rain. 意愿/承诺 表示主观意愿、承诺 例：I will help you. / I won't tell anyone. 较少用于此意 征求意见 Will you...? 表示请求 Shall I/we...? 征求意见 一般不用 客观将来 科学预测或必然会发生 例：The sun will rise at 6:00 tomorrow. 较少使用 注意：在条件/时间状语从句中，不能用will或be going to，而应用一般现在时表将来（即「主将从现」原则）。例如：If it is fine tomorrow, we will go. (✓) If it will be fine tomorrow... (✗) 三、其他表示将来的方式 1. 现在进行时表将来（位置移动类动词） come, go, leave, arrive, start, fly 等动词可用现在进行时表示按计划即将发生的动作。 例：I'm leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天要去北京。 例：The train is arriving in five minutes. 火车五分钟后到站。 2. be about to do sth. 表示「即将/正要」做某事（不与具体时间状语连用） 例：The meeting is about to begin. 会议即将开始。 例：I was about to go out when the phone rang. 我正要出门，电话响了。 3. be to do sth. 表示按计划/安排/应该要做的事 例：The president is to visit Japan next month. 总统下月将访问日本。 四、“主将从现”在将来时中的应用 这是三种时态中最容易出错的考点，务必牢记：在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，而主句仍用一般将来时。 例：I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时我会告诉他这个消息。(comes, 不用 will come) 例：We won't start until the rain stops. 直到雨停我们才会出发。(stops, 不用 will stop) 例：If you work hard, you will succeed. 如果你努力，你会成功的。(work, 不用 will work) 例：Unless you hurry up, you'll miss the bus. 除非你快点，否则你会错过公交车。(hurry up, 不用 will hurry up) 五、There be 句型的将来时 There will be... / There is/are going to be... 将会有…… 例：There will be a sports meeting next week. 下周将有一场运动会。 例：There is going to be a concert tomorrow. 明天将有一场音乐会。 注意：不能用 There is going to have (✗)，正确形式是 There is going to be (✓)。 六、标志词/时间状语汇总 tomorrow 明天, the day after tomorrow 后天, next week/month/year 下周/月/年, in the future 在未来, in + 时间段 (in three days 三天后), soon 很快, later 稍后, from now on 从现在起 【即时训练】 1. — What are you going to do this Sunday? — I ______ my grandparents in the countryside. A. visit B. visited C. am going to visit D. will visiting 2. I ______ you the book as soon as I finish reading it. A. will give B. give C. gave D. am giving 3. Look at the black clouds! It ______. A. will rain B. is going to rain C. rains D. rained 4. There ______ a basketball match in our school next Monday. A. will have B. is going to have C. will be D. has 5. — The phone is ringing. — I ______ it. A. answer B. answered C. will answer D. am answering 6. If he ______ hard, he will pass the exam. A. study B. studies C. will study D. studied 7. My sister ______ 18 years old next month. A. is B. was C. will be D. has been 8. We ______ unless the weather ______ better. A. will go; gets B. won't go; will get C. won't go; gets D. will go; will get 9. She ______ to Beijing tomorrow morning. The train ______ at 8:00. A. leaves; leaves B. is leaving; leaves C. will leave; leaves D. is leaving; will leave 10. We ______ have a class meeting next Monday afternoon. A. will to B. are going C. are going to D. going to 1.（2022年真题第10题） Fire ______ in the kitchen. A. broke out B. broke off C. broke on D. broke of 2.（2022年职教高考真题第15题） I will call you as soon as I ______ back home. A. come B. comes C. will come D. shall come 3.（2022年职教高考真题第17题） More and more people ______ mobile payment. A. prefers B. prefer to C. prefer D. prefering 4.（2022年职教高考真题第28题） Tom and John ______ TV this time yesterday. A. were watching B. was watching C. are watching D. is watching 5.（2022年职教高考真题第22题） The train then was very slow, so ______ people liked taking trains. A. a little B. little C. few D. a few 6.（2023年职教高考真题第23题） Many highways ______ in order to develop villages in the next five years. A. build B. built C. were built D. will be built 7.（2023年职教高考真题第28题） If there ______ no buying and selling of animals, there will be no killing in nature. A. is B. will be C. has D. will have 8.（2023年职教高考真题第30题） Thanks to the new technology, a new modern school ______ in our town last year. A. built B. is built C. was built D. building 9.（2023年职教高考真题第67题） The teacher ________ (看到了) a boy lying on the ground near his house this morning. A. see B. sees C. saw D. seeing 10.（改编自2023年单句） If it ________ (rain) tomorrow, we won't go to the park. (用所给词的适当形式填空) （填空题） 11.（2024年职教高考真题第26题） Tom learns English very hard. He ______ CCTV English News every morning. A. listen B. listen to C. hear D. listens to 12.（2024年职教高考真题） If you work hard, you ______ good grades. A. get B. got C. will get D. would get 13.（2025年职教高考真题，时态综合） He ______ to Beijing last month and ______ back next week. A. went; will come B. goes; comes C. went; comes D. goes; will come 14.（2026年职教高考真题，主将从现） You'll miss the bus ______ you hurry up. A. if B. unless C. when D. because 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $