选择性必修三 UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY（配套练习Word版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业（北师大版）

**基本信息** 该专项以“人与自然”“人与社会”主题为载体，整合阅读、语法、写作模块，通过题型分类解析构建系统性解题方法，知识逻辑链清晰，助力语言能力与思维品质提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|4题（独角鲸）|细节定位、推理分析、主旨归纳|现象-原因-影响| |语法填空|10空（美丽海湾计划）|考点分类（冠词/非谓语等）、语境应用|词汇-句法-语篇| |读后续写|1篇（教导弟弟诚实）|情节逻辑、情感表达|问题-解决-成长|

课时冲关18　UNIT 9 　HUMAN BIOLOGY Ⅰ.阅读理解 主题语境：人与自然 体裁：说明文 话题：独角鲸 Of all the creatures on the planet，the narwhal is one of the strangest looking. It's a whale which has a large protruding tusk coming out of its head; that's how it got its nickname，the unicorn of the sea. They live in the Arctic Ocean off the coast of Canada，Russia and East Greenland. However，experts say some populations of narwhal could be extinct by 2025，and it's all because of noise pollution. Narwhals rely on echolocation，which they use to find food and navigate their surroundings. The animal produces a sound wave which bounces off an object. They pick this reflected sound up through their lower jaw，and information on features like size and speed passes to their ears. However，increase in human marine activity，as well as climate change，has resulted in the Arctic Ocean becoming noisier，which means it's more difficult for narwhals to rely on sound. Susanna Blackwell，who studies the effects of underwater noise on marine animals，told the BBC that there is noisier activity in the Arctic Ocean than ever because，as sea ice melts，new navigation routes are opening. And while icebergs breaking and creaking have been part of the ocean soundscape for hundreds of years，man­made noise is much harder for animals to adapt to，particularly as these changes are so sudden. Research published in Science Advances in 2023 recorded the reactions of narwhals to the simulated(模拟的) noises of oil expeditions made by a patrol vessel(巡逻船). The scientists tagged and tracked the creatures and found that，on hearing these sounds，they ended deep dives and stopped clicking，the echolocation signal they use for finding food underwater. This is the same reaction narwhals have to orcas，who hunt them，meaning human­made noise could trigger the creature's “threat button”． So，what can we do? Charlotte Findlay，a postdoctoral fellow at Aarhus University，says “noise is actually quite easy to solve. We need to either turn it off or turn it down.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了独角鲸这一动物，阐述了它们的生活习性、生存现状以及所面临的威胁，特别是人为噪音对它们生存的影响。 1．What can we learn about the narwhal from the first Paragraph? A．It has a large tusk from its jaw. B．It currently faces the risk of dying out. C．It lives in the southern hemisphere. D．It sounds different from other whales. 解析：B　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“However，experts say some populations of narwhal could be extinct by 2025，and it's all because of noise pollution.(然而，专家表示，到2025年，一些独角鲸种群可能会灭绝，这都是因为噪音污染。)”可知，独角鲸目前面临着灭绝的危险。] 2．What does Susanna Blackwell's study show? A．Narwhals navigate their surroundings by echolocation. B．Sea ice melting makes the ocean noisier than ever. C．Man­made noise has a greater impact on marine animals. D．Narwhals are not used to icebergs breaking and creaking. 解析：C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Susanna Blackwell，who studies the effects of underwater noise on marine animals，told the BBC that there is noisier activity in the Arctic Ocean than ever because，as sea ice melts，new navigation routes are opening.And while icebergs breaking and creaking have been part of the ocean soundscape for hundreds of years，man­made noise is much harder for animals to adapt to，particularly as these changes are so sudden.(Susanna Blackwell研究水下噪音对海洋动物的影响，她告诉BBC，北冰洋的活动比以往任何时候都要嘈杂，因为随着海冰融化，新的航行路线正在开辟。数百年来，冰山破裂和吱吱作响一直是海洋声景的一部分，但人造噪音对动物来说更难适应，尤其是这些变化太突然了。)”可知，Susanna Blackwell的研究显示人造噪音对海洋动物的影响更大。] 3．What does the research mentioned in Paragraph 3 imply? A．A patrol vessel was applied in the research. B．Orcas are the natural enemy to narwhals. C．Noises would change the echolocation signal. D．Scientists tagged narwhals under the water. 解析：C　[推理判断题。根据第三段“Research published in Science Advances in 2023 recorded the reactions of narwhals to the simulated(模拟的)noises of oil expeditions made by a patrol vessel(巡逻船)．The scientists tagged and tracked the creatures and found that，on hearing these sounds，they ended deep dives and stopped clicking，the echolocation signal they use for finding food underwater.This is the same reaction narwhals have to orcas，who hunt them，meaning human­made noise could trigger the creature's‘threat button’．(2023年发表在《科学进展》上的一项研究记录了独角鲸对巡逻船模拟的石油勘探噪声的反应。科学家们对这些生物进行了标记和追踪，发现它们听到这些声音后，会结束深潜，停止发出点击声，即它们在水下觅食时使用的回声定位信号。这是独角鲸对捕食它们的逆戟鲸做出的同样反应，这意味着人为制造的噪音可能会触发这种生物的‘威胁按钮’。)”可知，巡逻船模拟的石油勘探噪声会让独角鲸结束深潜，停止发出水下觅食时使用的回声定位信号。由此推知，本段暗示了噪音会改变回声定位信号。] 4．What's the best title for the passage? A．Survival of Narwhal threatened by man­made noise B．Experts predicting the extinction of the narwhal C．New research set to solve underwater noise pollution D．Narwhal population affected by underwater noise pollution 解析：A　[主旨大意题。纵观全文，尤其是第一段中“However，experts say some populations of narwhal could be extinct by 2025，and it's all because of noise pollution.(然而，专家表示，到2025年，一些独角鲸种群可能会灭绝，这都是因为噪音污染。)”可知，文章主要讲述了人为噪音对独角鲸生存的威胁。所以A项“Survival of Narwhal threatened by man­made noise(人造噪音威胁独角鲸的生存)”是本文的最佳标题。] Ⅱ.语法填空 主题语境：人与自然 体裁：说明文 话题：建设多个海湾的计划 China plans to build more beautiful bays to improve marine ecology China has stepped up its construction of “beautiful bays” in 1.________ effort to conserve its marine ecology and environment. The Ministry of Ecology and Environment has issued a plan 2.________ (build) more than 110 bays across the country by 2027. These bays will achieve harmony between people and the marine environment，with the ministry noting that “clear water and clean 3.________ (beach)，and shoals of fish and flocks of seabirds” will be seen. The 110 figures will account 4.________ about 40 percent of China's major bays，according to the ministry. The plan also sets the goal of transforming seven cities，including Xiamen，into model zones 5.________ all coastal areas can be classed as beautiful bays. It details three tasks，including the protection and 6.________ (restore) of typical marine ecosystems，and the improvement of key sewage outlets that empty into the sea. The ministry said that China's long­term goal is to build all 283 of 7.________ (it) major bays into beautiful bays by 2035，with that figure including the 110 outlined in the plan. In recent years，China 8.________ (channel) increased energy into the protection of its marine ecology and environment as part of its efforts to promote the construction of a beautiful China. The revised Marine Environment Protection Law came into force on Jan. 1,2024,9.________ (strengthen) the accountability of local governments and creating new systems，including zoning management and 10.________ (comprehension) control systems. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了生态环境部发布了到2027年在全国建设110多个海湾的计划。这些海湾将实现人与海洋环境的和谐，环境部指出，“清澈的海水和干净的海滩，鱼群和成群的海鸟”将会出现。 1．an　[考查冠词。句意：中国加大“美丽海湾”建设力度，保护海洋生态环境。固定短语in an effort to表示“企图”。故填an。] 2．to build　[考查非谓语动词。句意：生态环境部发布了到2027年在全国建设110多个海湾的计划。名词“plan”后跟不定式作后置定语。故填to build。] 3．beaches　[考查名词复数。句意：这些海湾将实现人与海洋环境的和谐，环境部指出，“清澈的海水和干净的海滩，鱼群和成群的海鸟”将会出现。根据后文“and shoals of fish and flocks of seabirds”可知，数量大于一，应用复数形式。故填beaches。] 4．for　[考查介词。句意：据该部称，110个数字将占中国主要海湾的40%左右。固定短语account for表示“占比”。故填for。] 5．where　[考查定语从句。句意：该计划还设定了将包括厦门在内的七个城市转变为示范区的目标，在这些示范区中，所有沿海地区都可以被归类为美丽海湾。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是model zones，关系词在从句作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。] 6．restoration　[考查名词。句意：它详细说明了三项任务，包括保护和恢复典型的海洋生态系统，改善流入海洋的主要排污口。此处作介词的宾语，应用名词restoration，不可数。故填restoration。] 7．its　[考查代词。句意：该部表示，中国的长期目标是到2035年将所有283个主要海湾建设成美丽海湾，其中包括计划中概述的110个。此处修饰名词bays，应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。] 8．has channeled　[考查动词的时态。句意：近年来，中国加大海洋生态环境保护力度，积极推进美丽中国建设。根据上文In recent years可知，应用现在完成时，主语为China，助动词用has。故填has channeled。] 9．strengthening　[考查非谓语动词。句意：修订后的《海洋环境保护法》于2024年1月1日起施行，强化了地方政府问责制，并建立了分区管理、综合治理等新制度。此处strengthen与The revised Marine Environment Protection Law构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填strengthening。] 10．comprehensive　[考查形容词。句意同上。此处修饰名词systems，应用形容词comprehensive，作定语。故填comprehensive。] Ⅲ.读后续写 主题语境：人与社会 体裁：记叙文 话题：教导弟弟，诚实做人 When the night fell, James, a middle school student in London, dragged his tired body home.In order to save money to buy himself a new bike, he had been working at a restaurant for over a month during the summer vacation.He had already earned some money.With one more week, he would have his dream bike. Entering the room, James found his younger brother Adam sitting on the edge of his bed with an uneasy expression on his face.James stared at Adam confusedly. “Sorry.I did something wrong，” Adam said, on the verge of tears. “What's the matter with you？” James asked. “This afternoon I went to play football on the road outside the house and accidentally hit our neighbor Mr. Black's car.I was so scared and I hurried home in panic without telling him，” Adam said, full of guilt. “Is the car seriously damaged？” James couldn't wait to continue asking. “The ball hit the car back and the tail light got broken，” Adam said in a low voice. “It's truly your fault. It's really dangerous to play football on the road. What's worse, you shouldn't have come back without telling Mr. Black about it. You are such a naughty boy，” James raised his voice. Hearing this, Adam lowered his head and bit his lips hard. James added, “Anyway, it's never too late to mend.I’ll take you to his house tomorrow to apologize. Now it's time to sleep.” When Adam went bed, James couldn't go to sleep himself. Father always told him to be honest, to be a boy admired by the people and to be an example of his brother. He was sorry for his brother's behavior. He shouldn't have blamed his brother after he did something wrong. But he could understand him. Anyway, Adam was only a boy of seven and what had happened really scared him. But as his elder brother, he should pay for it though this might delay his plan of having the bike. “Nothing serious. At worst, I can take more summer jobs，” he said to himself. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 James got up early the next morning. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Mr. Black was a little surprised to see the brothers. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] James got up early the next morning. He told Adam, “We should go to Mr. Black's house as early as possible and explain to him what had happened.” Before they went out, he took out all the money he had earned in the restaurant during the summer holiday. Adam knew that his dear brother wanted to pay for his fault. Tears filled his eyes because he knew very well how much his elder brother wanted to get a new bike and he was working on it. Mr. Black was a little surprised to see the brothers. “Mr. Black, I'm here to make an apology，” said James. Then he told Mr. Black what had happened and drew out the money from his pocket. “This is all the money I have. I wonder if it can pay for your loss，” he said sincerely. “Good boys, I truly appreciate your honesty.Just forget my car.” Mr. Black declined to get the money but accepted the brothers' suggestions of doing some work in his garden. What a good result! Adam regained his honesty and James could still have his dream bike. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $