内容正文:
可数名词与不可数名词
(语法讲解+分层精练)
目 录
一、概念 1
二、可数名词 1
1. 可数名词的单复数变化规则 1
2. 可数名词前可用冠词 2
3. 可数名词的修饰词 2
三、不可数名词 2
1. 常见不可数名词分类 2
2. 不可数名词的修饰词 3
3. 不可数名词的量词表达 3
四、可数名词与不可数名词的用法对比表 3
五、注意事项 4
注意一:some 和 any 的用法 4
注意二:如何区分可数与不可数 4
注意三:不可数名词与量词搭配时,量词有复数 4
注意四:可数名词前不加 a/an 时,要用复数形式表示类别 4
六、分层练习题(30道) 5
第一层 · 基础巩固(第1-10题)⭐ 容易 5
第二层 · 能力提升(第11-20题)⭐⭐ 中等 6
第三层 · 拓展挑战(第21-30题)⭐⭐⭐ 较难 7
一、概念
英语中的名词按“能否用数目计算”分为两大类:
名词类别
定义
举例
可数名词
可以用数目来数,有单数和复数形式
one apple, two books, three students
不可数名词
不能用数目来数,没有复数形式
water, milk, bread, rice, meat
简单判断法:能说“一个、两个、三个……”的就是可数名词;不能说“一个水、两个空气”的就是不可数名词。
二、可数名词
1. 可数名词的单复数变化规则
情况
变化规则
例词
一般情况
直接加 -s
book→books, pen→pens, dog→dogs
以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾
加 -es
bus→buses, box→boxes, watch→watches, brush→brushes
以“辅音字母 + y”结尾
变 y 为 i,再加 -es
family→families, strawberry→strawberries, city→cities
以“元音字母 + y”结尾
直接加 -s
boy→boys, toy→toys, monkey→monkeys
以 f / fe 结尾
变 f/fe 为 v,再加 -es
knife→knives, wolf→wolves, life→lives
以 o 结尾
有生命的加 -es;无生命的加 -s
tomato→tomatoes, potato→potatoes; photo→photos, piano→pianos
不规则变化
特殊记忆
man→men, woman→women, foot→feet, tooth→teeth, child→children, sheep→sheep, deer→deer, fish→fish
2. 可数名词前可用冠词
· a 用于辅音音素开头的单数名词前:a book, a dog, a university
· an 用于元音音素开头的单数名词前:an apple, an orange, an hour, an umbrella
3. 可数名词的修饰词
修饰词
用法
例句
many
修饰复数可数名词
I have many books.
a few
修饰复数可数名词(几个)
There are a few apples.
few
修饰复数可数名词(几乎没有)
Few students came.
How many
提问可数名词数量
How many pens do you have?
三、不可数名词
1. 常见不可数名词分类
类别
例词
液体类
water, milk, juice, tea, coffee, oil
食物类
bread, rice, meat, fish, beef, chicken, fruit, food
材料类
paper, wood, glass, wool, cotton
抽象类
weather, time, music, news, homework, housework, fun, information
特别提醒:fruit, food, fish 在表示总称时为不可数,表示具体种类时可作可数。
2. 不可数名词的修饰词
修饰词
用法
例句
much
修饰不可数名词
There is much water.
a little
修饰不可数名词(一点儿)
I have a little milk.
little
修饰不可数名词(几乎没有)
There is little bread.
How much
提问不可数名词数量/价格
How much water do you need?
3. 不可数名词的量词表达
用 “数词 + 量词 + of + 不可数名词” 来表示定量:
量词
例词
例句
a glass of
一杯
a glass of water
a cup of
一杯
two cups of tea
a bowl of
一碗
three bowls of rice
a piece of
一块/张/条
a piece of bread / paper / news
a bottle of
一瓶
four bottles of milk
a kilo of
一公斤
a kilo of meat
四、可数名词与不可数名词的用法对比表
对比项
可数名词
不可数名词
能否用数目数
✅ 能
❌ 不能
是否有复数形式
✅ 有(加-s/-es等)
❌ 没有(只用单数)
能否用 a / an
✅ 能(单数时)
❌ 不能
能否用 many 修饰
✅ 能(many books)
❌ 不能(many water ×)
能否用 much修饰
❌ 不能(much books ×)
✅ 能(much water)
能否用 How many 提问
✅ 能
❌ 不能
能否用 How much 提问
❌ 不能(问数量时)
✅ 能
五、注意事项(初一高频易错点)
⚠️ 注意一:some 和 any 的用法
· some 用于肯定句,可修饰可数复数和不可数名词。
I have some apples. / I have some milk.
· any 用于否定句和疑问句,可修饰可数复数和不可数名词。
I don't have any apples. / Do you have any milk?
· some 也可用于表示“请求、建议、邀请”的疑问句中,表示期待肯定回答。
Would you like some tea? (邀请)
⚠️ 注意二:如何区分可数与不可数
· 看逻辑上是否可以用数目去数。
· 注意英汉差异:bread(面包)、news(新闻)、homework(作业) 在汉语中有时可数,英语中不可数。
❌ I have many homeworks.
✅ I have much homework. / I have a lot of homework.
⚠️ 注意三:不可数名词与量词搭配时,量词有复数
a glass of milk → two glasses of milk
a piece of paper → three pieces of paper
⚠️ 注意四:可数名词前不加 a/an 时,要用复数形式表示类别
❌ I like dog.(错误,不能说只喜欢一只具体的狗)
✅ I like dogs.(我喜欢狗——泛指类别)
✅ I like a dog.(我喜欢一只狗——指具体一只)
⚠️ 注意五:fish / chicken / fruit 的特殊性
· fish 表示“鱼肉”时不可数;表示“一条鱼”时可数(单复数同形);表示“多种鱼”时可数复数 fishes。
· chicken 表示“鸡肉”时不可数;表示“小鸡”时可数。
· fruit 表示“水果”总称时不可数;表示“多种水果”时可数 fruits。
六、分层练习题(30道)
第一层 · 基础巩固(第1-10题)⭐ 容易
1. I have ______ apple. It's red.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】B
【解析】apple 以元音音素 /æ/ 开头,用 an。
2. There is ______ milk in the glass.
A. many B. some C. a D. an
【答案】B
【解析】milk 是不可数名词,用 some 修饰。many 修饰可数复数;a/an 修饰可数单数。
3. I have ______ books in my schoolbag.
A. much B. any C. many D. a little
【答案】C
【解析】books 是可数复数,用 many 修饰。much 修饰不可数;any 用于否定/疑问;a little 修饰不可数。
4. We need ______ water every day.
A. many B. a few C. much D. an
【答案】C
【解析】water 是不可数名词,用 much 修饰。
5. There are two ______ on the table.
A. knife B. knifes C. knives D. a knife
【答案】C
【解析】two 后接复数名词,knife 以 f 结尾,变 f 为 v 加 -es → knives。
6. I have a ______ of bread for breakfast.
A. cup B. glass C. piece D. bottle
【答案】C
【解析】bread 是不可数名词,用 a piece of(一块)表示定量。
7. How ______ apples do you want?
A. much B. many C. long D. often
【答案】B
【解析】apples 是可数复数,用 How many 提问。
8. How ______ milk is there in the bottle?
A. much B. many C. long D. often
【答案】A
【解析】milk 是不可数名词,用 How much 提问。
9. My mother bought three ______ of eggs.
A. kilo B. kilos C. kiloes D. a kilo
【答案】B
【解析】three 后接复数,kilo 以 o 结尾但无生命,直接加 -s → kilos。
10. I don't have ______ oranges.
A. some B. any C. much D. a
【答案】B
【解析】否定句中,oranges 是可数复数,用 any 修饰。
第二层 · 能力提升(第11-20题)⭐⭐ 中等
11. She always has ______ bread for breakfast.
A. a few B. many C. a little D. an
【答案】C
【解析】bread 是不可数名词,用 a little(一点儿)修饰。a few / many 修饰可数复数;an 修饰可数单数。
12. There are ______ students in the classroom.
A. a little B. much C. any D. many
【答案】D
【解析】students 是可数复数,肯定句中用 many。
13. Would you like ______ tea?
A. some B. any C. many D. a
【答案】A
【解析】疑问句表示“邀请、请求”时,用 some 表示期待肯定回答。
14. My sister has two ______.
A. child B. childs C. children D. childrens
【答案】C
【解析】child 的复数是不规则变化 children。
15. I want to buy ______ rice.
A. many B. a few C. some D. an
【答案】C
【解析】rice 是不可数名词,肯定句中用 some。
16. There are three ______ of water on the table.
A. glass B. glasses C. a glass D. glass's
【答案】B
【解析】three 后接复数,glass 以 ss 结尾加 -es → glasses。此处表示“三杯水”,量词复数。
17. I have ______ homework to do today.
A. many B. a few C. much D. an
【答案】C
【解析】homework 是不可数名词,用 much 修饰。
18. We need ______ milk and ______ apples.
A. some; some B. some; any C. any; some D. any; any
【答案】A
【解析】肯定句中,milk(不可数)和 apples(可数复数)都用 some。
19. I have a pet dog. ______ name is Doudou.
A. It B. It's C. Its D. itself
【答案】C
【解析】表示“它的名字”,用形容词性物主代词 Its。
20. There ______ some water in the bottle.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
【答案】B
【解析】water 是不可数名词,there be 句型中 be 动词用 is。
第三层 · 拓展挑战(第21-30题)⭐⭐⭐ 较难
21. There ______ some tomatoes and some milk on the table.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
【答案】C
【解析】there be 句型遵循“就近原则”,靠近 be 动词的是 tomatoes(可数复数),用 are。
22. I like eating ______. It's delicious.
A. chickens B. chicken C. a chicken D. the chickens
【答案】B
【解析】此处表示“鸡肉”,为不可数名词,用 chicken(单数形式)。
23. The old man has ______ money, but he has ______ friends.
A. much; much B. many; many C. much; few D. many; few
【答案】C
【解析】money 不可数用 much;friends 可数复数,表示“几乎没有”用 few(否定含义)。
24. Could you give me ______ paper?
A. a B. an C. some D. many
【答案】C
【解析】paper 是不可数名词,用 some 修饰。注意:此处不表示“一张纸”,而是“一些纸”。
25. How much ______ do you want?
A. apples B. rice C. eggs D. tomatoes
【答案】B
【解析】How much 提问不可数名词,rice 是不可数名词,其他三项都是可数复数。
26. —What can I do for you? —I'd like two ______.
A. bottle of milk B. bottles of milk C. bottles of milks D. bottle of milks
【答案】B
【解析】milk 不可数无复数;量词 bottle 复数加 -s → two bottles of milk。
27. I have a few ______ but a little ______.
A. bread; milk B. apples; water C. water; eggs D. rice; juice
【答案】B
【解析】a few 修饰可数复数,apples 符合;a little 修饰不可数,water 符合。
28. These are my ______. They are very cute.
A. child B. childs C. children D. childrens
【答案】C
【解析】These are 后接复数,child 复数为 children。
29. My uncle has two ______ and three ______.
A. watch; knife B. watches; knives C. watches; knifes D. watchs; knives
【答案】B
【解析】watch 以 ch 结尾加 -es → watches;knife 以 f 结尾变 v 加 -es → knives。
30. —Would you like some ______? —Yes, please. I'm thirsty.
A. bread B. apples C. water D. cakes
【答案】C
【解析】答语“I'm thirsty”(我渴了)说明需要喝水,water 是不可数名词,some 修饰水。
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可数名词与不可数名词
(语法讲解+分层精练)
目 录
一、概念 1
二、可数名词 2
1. 可数名词的单复数变化规则 2
2. 可数名词前可用冠词 2
3. 可数名词的修饰词 2
三、不可数名词 3
1. 常见不可数名词分类 3
2. 不可数名词的修饰词 3
3. 不可数名词的量词表达 3
四、可数名词与不可数名词的用法对比表 3
五、注意事项 4
注意一:some 和 any 的用法 4
注意二:如何区分可数与不可数 4
注意三:不可数名词与量词搭配时,量词有复数 4
注意四:可数名词前不加 a/an 时,要用复数形式表示类别 4
六、分层练习题(30道) 5
第一层 · 基础巩固(第1-10题)⭐ 容易 5
第二层 · 能力提升(第11-20题)⭐⭐ 中等 5
第三层 · 拓展挑战(第21-30题)⭐⭐⭐ 较难 6
一、概念
英语中的名词按“能否用数目计算”分为两大类:
名词类别
定义
举例
可数名词
可以用数目来数,有单数和复数形式
one apple, two books, three students
不可数名词
不能用数目来数,没有复数形式
water, milk, bread, rice, meat
简单判断法:能说“一个、两个、三个……”的就是可数名词;不能说“一个水、两个空气”的就是不可数名词。
二、可数名词
1. 可数名词的单复数变化规则
情况
变化规则
例词
一般情况
直接加 -s
book→books, pen→pens, dog→dogs
以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾
加 -es
bus→buses, box→boxes, watch→watches, brush→brushes
以“辅音字母 + y”结尾
变 y 为 i,再加 -es
family→families, strawberry→strawberries, city→cities
以“元音字母 + y”结尾
直接加 -s
boy→boys, toy→toys, monkey→monkeys
以 f / fe 结尾
变 f/fe 为 v,再加 -es
knife→knives, wolf→wolves, life→lives
以 o 结尾
有生命的加 -es;无生命的加 -s
tomato→tomatoes, potato→potatoes; photo→photos, piano→pianos
不规则变化
特殊记忆
man→men, woman→women, foot→feet, tooth→teeth, child→children, sheep→sheep, deer→deer, fish→fish
2. 可数名词前可用冠词
· a 用于辅音音素开头的单数名词前:a book, a dog, a university
· an 用于元音音素开头的单数名词前:an apple, an orange, an hour, an umbrella
3. 可数名词的修饰词
修饰词
用法
例句
many
修饰复数可数名词
I have many books.
a few
修饰复数可数名词(几个)
There are a few apples.
few
修饰复数可数名词(几乎没有)
Few students came.
How many
提问可数名词数量
How many pens do you have?
三、不可数名词
1. 常见不可数名词分类
类别
例词
液体类
water, milk, juice, tea, coffee, oil
食物类
bread, rice, meat, fish, beef, chicken, fruit, food
材料类
paper, wood, glass, wool, cotton
抽象类
weather, time, music, news, homework, housework, fun, information
特别提醒:fruit, food, fish 在表示总称时为不可数,表示具体种类时可作可数。
2. 不可数名词的修饰词
修饰词
用法
例句
much
修饰不可数名词
There is much water.
a little
修饰不可数名词(一点儿)
I have a little milk.
little
修饰不可数名词(几乎没有)
There is little bread.
How much
提问不可数名词数量/价格
How much water do you need?
3. 不可数名词的量词表达
用 “数词 + 量词 + of + 不可数名词” 来表示定量:
量词
例词
例句
a glass of
一杯
a glass of water
a cup of
一杯
two cups of tea
a bowl of
一碗
three bowls of rice
a piece of
一块/张/条
a piece of bread / paper / news
a bottle of
一瓶
four bottles of milk
a kilo of
一公斤
a kilo of meat
四、可数名词与不可数名词的用法对比表
对比项
可数名词
不可数名词
能否用数目数
✅ 能
❌ 不能
是否有复数形式
✅ 有(加-s/-es等)
❌ 没有(只用单数)
能否用 a / an
✅ 能(单数时)
❌ 不能
能否用 many 修饰
✅ 能(many books)
❌ 不能(many water ×)
能否用 much修饰
❌ 不能(much books ×)
✅ 能(much water)
能否用 How many 提问
✅ 能
❌ 不能
能否用 How much 提问
❌ 不能(问数量时)
✅ 能
五、注意事项(初一高频易错点)
⚠️ 注意一:some 和 any 的用法
· some 用于肯定句,可修饰可数复数和不可数名词。
I have some apples. / I have some milk.
· any 用于否定句和疑问句,可修饰可数复数和不可数名词。
I don't have any apples. / Do you have any milk?
· some 也可用于表示“请求、建议、邀请”的疑问句中,表示期待肯定回答。
Would you like some tea? (邀请)
⚠️ 注意二:如何区分可数与不可数
· 看逻辑上是否可以用数目去数。
· 注意英汉差异:bread(面包)、news(新闻)、homework(作业) 在汉语中有时可数,英语中不可数。
❌ I have many homeworks.
✅ I have much homework. / I have a lot of homework.
⚠️ 注意三:不可数名词与量词搭配时,量词有复数
a glass of milk → two glasses of milk
a piece of paper → three pieces of paper
⚠️ 注意四:可数名词前不加 a/an 时,要用复数形式表示类别
❌ I like dog.(错误,不能说只喜欢一只具体的狗)
✅ I like dogs.(我喜欢狗——泛指类别)
✅ I like a dog.(我喜欢一只狗——指具体一只)
⚠️ 注意五:fish / chicken / fruit 的特殊性
· fish 表示“鱼肉”时不可数;表示“一条鱼”时可数(单复数同形);表示“多种鱼”时可数复数 fishes。
· chicken 表示“鸡肉”时不可数;表示“小鸡”时可数。
· fruit 表示“水果”总称时不可数;表示“多种水果”时可数 fruits。
六、分层练习题(30道)
第一层 · 基础巩固(第1-10题)⭐ 容易
1. I have ______ apple. It's red.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
2. There is ______ milk in the glass.
A. many B. some C. a D. an
3. I have ______ books in my schoolbag.
A. much B. any C. many D. a little
4. We need ______ water every day.
A. many B. a few C. much D. an
5. There are two ______ on the table.
A. knife B. knifes C. knives D. a knife
6. I have a ______ of bread for breakfast.
A. cup B. glass C. piece D. bottle
【答案】C
7. How ______ apples do you want?
A. much B. many C. long D. often
8. How ______ milk is there in the bottle?
A. much B. many C. long D. often
9. My mother bought three ______ of eggs.
A. kilo B. kilos C. kiloes D. a kilo
10. I don't have ______ oranges.
A. some B. any C. much D. a
第二层 · 能力提升(第11-20题)⭐⭐ 中等
11. She always has ______ bread for breakfast.
A. a few B. many C. a little D. an
12. There are ______ students in the classroom.
A. a little B. much C. any D. many
13. Would you like ______ tea?
A. some B. any C. many D. a
14. My sister has two ______.
A. child B. childs C. children D. childrens
15. I want to buy ______ rice.
A. many B. a few C. some D. an
16. There are three ______ of water on the table.
A. glass B. glasses C. a glass D. glass's
17. I have ______ homework to do today.
A. many B. a few C. much D. an
18. We need ______ milk and ______ apples.
A. some; some B. some; any C. any; some D. any; any
19. I have a pet dog. ______ name is Doudou.
A. It B. It's C. Its D. itself
20. There ______ some water in the bottle.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
第三层 · 拓展挑战(第21-30题)⭐⭐⭐ 较难
21. There ______ some tomatoes and some milk on the table.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
22. I like eating ______. It's delicious.
A. chickens B. chicken C. a chicken D. the chickens
23. The old man has ______ money, but he has ______ friends.
A. much; much B. many; many C. much; few D. many; few
24. Could you give me ______ paper?
A. a B. an C. some D. many
25. How much ______ do you want?
A. apples B. rice C. eggs D. tomatoes
26. —What can I do for you? —I'd like two ______.
A. bottle of milk B. bottles of milk C. bottles of milks D. bottle of milks
27. I have a few ______ but a little ______.
A. bread; milk B. apples; water C. water; eggs D. rice; juice
28. These are my ______. They are very cute.
A. child B. childs C. children D. childrens
29. My uncle has two ______ and three ______.
A. watch; knife B. watches; knives C. watches; knifes D. watchs; knives
30. —Would you like some ______? —Yes, please. I'm thirsty.
A. bread B. apples C. water D. cakes
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