Unit 2 Onwards and upwards 动名词与不定式作宾语（核心语法精练）英语外研版选择性必修第一册

Unit 2核心语法精练 （动名词与不定式作宾语） 目录 1 二、考点夯基 2 一、用单词的适当形式填空（基础通关） 2 二、need/want/require 专项 4 三、形式宾语 it 8 四、疑问词 + to do ...............................................................................................................................................9 五、but/except + to do / do 专项 .........................................................................................................................9 三、综合提升 9 一、语法填空（模考真题） 9 二、阅读理解（模考真题） 14 三、应用文写作（模考真题）.........................................................................................................................17 动名词与不定式作宾语 疑问词 + to do but/except + to do / do 专项 1、 用单词的适当形式填空（基础通关） 1．I don't know if Shally's coming. I didn't bother ____________ (ask). 2．The courts can refuse ____________ (admit) police evidence which has been illegally obtained. 3．Finally, the woman managed ____________ (persuade) her husband to quit smoking. 4．The old man expects ____________ (get) a chance to attend the opening ceremony to be held in the stadium. 5．When I saw Tom, I stopped ____________ (greet) him, but he ignored me. 6．I didn't know why the boy declined ____________ (answer) the question. 7．—Next time you visit Bob, remember ____________ (give) him a call in advance. —Good point. I will. 8．She pretended ____________ (listen) to the manager, but actually she was thinking about something else. 9．With the world becoming a global village, I find it necessary ____________ (master) English. 10．We didn't view the athlete as a failure although he failed ____________ (finish) the marathon. 11．He has also promised ____________ (change) his ways of doing research from now on. 12．When the teacher walked past him, he pretended ____________ (draw) a picture. 13．Now a number of college graduates are seeking ____________ (get) a high-paid job in big cities. 14．People feel good when they volunteer ____________ (do) something meaningful for other people. 15．Even soccer fans tend ____________ (have) a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match. 16．This list of factors needs ____________ (adapt) depending on the decision you're making. 17．We set out ____________ (discuss) how to solve our company's financial crisis. 18．He prefers ____________ (walk) to school rather than cycle to school. 19．My father came down and demanded ____________ (know) what was going on. 20．You are lucky enough to escape ____________ (kill) in the accident. 21．I can see that Tim is having trouble ____________ (balance) his project and his schoolwork. 22．He sat in the stand and imagined ____________ (fight) bravely with a fierce bull in the Colosseum. 23．There are a few books on the shelf. But only one of them is worth ____________ (read). 24．Although he is always busy ____________ (deliver) mails, Henry never complains. 25．The famous film director wore sun glasses to avoid ____________ (recognize). 26．You'd better set aside some time to practice ____________ (speak) English every day. 27．Would you mind ____________ (turn) down your radio a little, please? 28．We appreciate you ____________ (offer) help to us very much in time of difficulty. 29．I recommended ____________ (put) off the meeting because of the bad weather. 30．I have paid my account in full but you keep ____________ (send) messages to say that I need to pay immediately, otherwise my account will be closed. 31．To focus on your books, I would like to recommend ____________ (study) in a library. 32．We replied that we were very grateful and spent the whole day ____________ (chat) with them. 33．Little Alice looked forward to ____________ (stay) with her grandparents in the countryside. 34．Reading is vital to ____________ (learn) the language. 35．As a matter of fact, I think it would be a good idea to ban ____________ (smoke) in parks as well. 2、 need/want/require 专项 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. These flowers need ____________ (water) every day in summer. 2. The old house requires ____________ (repair) as soon as possible. 3. My hair wants ____________ (cut). It's too long. 4. She needs ____________ (take) a good rest after the long journey. 5. The car requires ____________ (clean) before we return it to the owner. 6. I want ____________(buy) a new pair of shoes for the coming sports meet. 7. The floor needs ____________(sweep) before the guests arrive. 8. He needs ____________ (work) harder to catch up with his classmates. 9. The windows want ____________ (wash). They are so dirty. 10. The whole plan requires ____________ (discuss) once more. 三、形式宾语 it 改写句子，用 it 作形式宾语。 1. I find that learning English well is very difficult. → I find ______ ______ ______ ______ English well. 2. We think that finishing this task in one day is impossible. → We think ______ ______ ______ ______ this task in one day. 3. She feels that speaking in front of a large crowd is very nervous. → She feels ______ ______ ______ ______ in front of a large crowd. 4. The new policy makes that the poor can get more help possible. → The new policy makes ______ ______ ______ the poor ______ get more help. 5. I consider that traveling alone is dangerous. → I consider ______ ______ ______ ______ alone. 6. We believe that learning a foreign language is necessary. → We believe ______ ______ ______ ______ a foreign language. 四、疑问词 + to do 用“疑问词 + to do”完成句子。 1. I don't know ______ ______ ______ ______.（怎么解决这个问题） 2. Can you tell me ______ ______ ______ ______ ______?（在哪里可以买到这本书） 3. She is considering ______ ______ ______ ______.（是否接受这份工作） 4. I am not sure ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.（下一步该做什么） 5. The teacher showed us ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.（如何使用这台机器） 6. He can't decide ______ ______ ______ ______.（去哪里度假） 7. Please tell me ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.（什么时候出发） 五、but/except + to do / do 专项 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. He had no choice but ____________ (give) in. 2. She did nothing but ____________ (cry) all day. 3. There was nothing else to do but ____________ (wait). 4. He wanted nothing but ____________ (stay) at home. 5. I could do nothing but ____________ (accept) the fact. 6. She had no option but ____________ (leave) the party early. 一、语法填空 A 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （25-26高二下·湖南·阶段测试）After graduating from college, Jing Ran, a young entrepreneur, was determined to devote his life to solving a pressing social challenge rather than pursue a ____1____ (convention) career. He ____2____ (spend) months traveling across the country, observing life in cities, towns and rural communities. ____3____ struck him was how much aging had become a part of Chinese society. “The streets were filled with elderly residents actively involved in leisure activities,” Jing recalled. The journey eventually led him ____4____ a clear goal: transforming aging from a period of limitation into one of dignity and joy. Today, Jing is the founder of Time Light Care Group, a company focusing on innovative solutions ____5____ (improve) elderly care. Among its innovations is a hospital shuttle (接驳车) ____6____ (equip) with a smart seat. With the press of a button, ____7____ seat slides out of the vehicle and turns into an electric wheelchair, allowing the elderly to enter the hospital independently without the unpleasant experience of ____8____ (lift) from one vehicle to another. Besides, most facilities are located within urban neighborhoods rather than in remote areas, making it easier for families to visit regularly and for everyday social ____9____ (tie) to endure. Keeping seniors close to their original communities helps preserve their routines and interests ____10____ once brought them joy and well-being at home. B （25-26高二上·安徽滁州·月考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 With spring arriving in Shanghai and flowers blooming across the city, the annual Huazhao Festival is attracting visitors in a modern, dynamic way. The flower festival, ____1____(date) back over 2,000 years, is held in the second month of the lunar calendar ____2____(celebrate) the flower goddess’ birthday. According to various ancient ____3____(belief), the flower goddess controls human reproduction, and celebrating her birthday has become ____4____custom to bring prosperity. This year’s festival offers visitors a feast, things that please the mind or the senses, ____5____ the eyes and ears. Colorful light shows, parades of performers dressed as the flower goddess, ____6____dance and musical performances are taking place at landmarks within Yuyuan. In____7____(add) to the innovative technologies and eye-catching shows, a lot of interactive activities ____8____ (offer) during the festival, ____9____(specific) targeting young audiences. Working with the makeup team of Xiaohongshu (RedNote), the festival includes a market ____10____visitors enjoy immersive experiences such as s traditional makeup, fragrance sachet-making, flower hair-pinning and poetry writing. C （25-26高二上·湖北·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Europe’s new artificial intelligence-powered weather forecasting model became operational on Tuesday, ____1____ (promise) to significantly improve meteorological and extreme weather predictions globally. The Artificial Intelligence Forecasting System (AIFS) is the first fully operational weather prediction open model ____2____ (use) machine learning technology, and will run side by side ____3____ its traditional physics-based counterpart (对应版本)— the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS), the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) said in a press release on Tuesday. AIFS’ forecast builds upon the same ____4____ (combine) of data that the IFS feeds on, with the data ____5____ (collect) from satellites, planes, boats, and other Earth-based measurement stations. What distinguishes the two models, however, ____6____ (be) that the new machine learning model assesses how these initial conditions will influence future weather based on its knowledge of how the weather ____7____ (evolve) in the past. IFS calculations, in contrast, rely on the laws of physics, which it integrates in its computer code. “We see the AIFS and IFS as complementary (互补的), ____8____ part of providing a range of products to our user community, who decide ____9____ best suits their needs,” said ECMWF’s Director of Forecasts and Services, Florian Pappenberger. Europe’s weather forecasts are ____10____ (current) reliable up to six to seven days ahead for precipitation (降水) and wind, and up to 14 or 15 days ahead for temperature, Pappenberger told the Financial Times. 二、阅读理解 （25-26高二下·江苏苏州·期中）Debra Des Vignes spent more than a decade as an on-air news reporter in small markets across the US. For most of that time, she covered crime. It wasn't until later that she realized she didn't know the full story of the people she was covering. Des Vignes had always wanted to volunteer at a prison to better understand the people behind the stories she covered. The opportunity came in 2017 when she met a co-worker whose husband worked for the local prison. Des Vignes volunteered to teach a class about victims' experiences,  which was intended to help criminals see the consequences of their crimes from the victim's perspective. “I think society has that image of TV and movies and what that represents, and how a criminal is supposed to act or behave with anger,” Des Vignes said. “I found the exact opposite.” During the course, Des Vignes decided to depart from the curriculum and have the prisoners write a letter to their victim. Des Vignes said she witnessed these men open up in ways they hadn't before and write some very impactful letters. That class inspired Des Vignes to start her own nonprofit to focus on writing with prisoners. In 2018, the Prison Writers Workshop was born and has since expanded to eight correctional institutions. The curriculum, developed by Des Vignes and her all-volunteer team, provides imprisoned students with a foundation in creative writing through weekly prompts and introduces fiction, non-fiction, poetry, and play writing. For Des Vignes, the goal is to create a safe space where they can write and openly share. “Some may want to make sense of their past; some may want to spend an hour and a half in a positive environment,” Des Vignes said. “And some may just want to be heard and felt seen and welcomed.” 1．Why did Des Vignes volunteer to teach a class about victims' experiences? A．To make criminals realize the harm of crime. B．To help those victims to get treatment. C．To improve the relationship between criminals. D．To teach offenders writing skills for a future job. 2．What can we infer about Des Vignes from the text? A．She is strict with all of the prisoners. B．She is indifferent to the prisoners' feelings. C．She is enthusiastic about helping the prisoners. D．She only focuses on the prisoners' writing skills. 3．What is the purpose of the Prison Writers Workshop? A．To teach prisoners only basic writing skills for daily use. B．To help prisoners get released from prison earlier. C．To make prisoners become professional writers. D．To provide a creative space for expression. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．The development of a news reporter's career. B．The importance of creative writing for prisoners. C．A news reporter's experience in teaching in prison. D．The establishment and goal of the Prison Writers Workshop. 三、应用文写作 （25-26高二下·江苏·阶段考）假定你是李华，上周末你和同学们前往附近乡镇，拍摄并制作以乡村振兴为主题的短视频。请你给英国笔友Chris写一封邮件进行分享。内容包括： 1. 拍摄内容； 2. 你的收获。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Dear Chris, I’m writing to share with you my experience of shooting a short video on rural revitalization. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2核心语法精练 （动名词与不定式作宾语） 目录 1 二、考点夯基 2 一、用单词的适当形式填空（基础通关） 2 二、need/want/require 专项 4 三、形式宾语 it 8 四、疑问词 + to do ...............................................................................................................................................9 五、but/except + to do / do 专项 .........................................................................................................................9 三、综合提升 9 一、语法填空（模考真题） 9 二、阅读理解（模考真题） 14 三、应用文写作（模考真题）.........................................................................................................................17 动名词与不定式作宾语 疑问词 + to do but/except + to do / do 专项 1、 用单词的适当形式填空（基础通关） 1．I don't know if Shally's coming. I didn't bother ____________ (ask). 【答案】asking/to ask 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：我不知道莎莉会不会来。我也懒得问。根据空前的“didn't bother”可知，此处用固定短语not bother doing/to do，意为“懒得做某事，不愿意做某事”，空处应用ask的动名词形式或不定式形式，作bother的宾语。故填asking/to ask。 2．The courts can refuse ____________ (admit) police evidence which has been illegally obtained. 【答案】to admit 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：法院可以拒绝接受警方非法获得的证据。refuse to do sth.意为“拒绝做某事”，refuse之后，用不定式作为宾语，再根据提示，故填to admit。 3．Finally, the woman managed ____________ (persuade) her husband to quit smoking. 【答案】to persuade 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：最终，这位女士设法说服自己的丈夫戒烟。根据manage to do sth“设法做成某事”可知，此处应使用动词不定式作宾语，故填to persuade。 4．The old man expects ____________ (get) a chance to attend the opening ceremony to be held in the stadium. 【答案】to get 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意: 这位老人希望有机会参加在体育场举行的开幕式。根据expect to do sth“期待做某事”，故填to get。 5．When I saw Tom, I stopped ____________ (greet) him, but he ignored me. 【答案】to greet 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：当我看见汤姆的时候，我停下来跟他打招呼，但是他无视了我。根据stop to do sth“停下来去做另一件事”可知，此处应使用动词不定式，故填to greet。 6．I didn't know why the boy declined ____________ (answer) the question. 【答案】to answer 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我不知道那个男孩为什么拒绝回答这个问题。此处为短语decline to do sth.表示“拒绝做某事”，不定式作宾语。故填to answer。 7．—Next time you visit Bob, remember ____________ (give) him a call in advance. —Good point. I will. 【答案】to give 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：——下次你拜访鲍勃时，记得提前给他打电话。——好的。我会的。表示“记得要做某事”短语为remember to do sth.。故填to give。 8．She pretended ____________ (listen) to the manager, but actually she was thinking about something else. 【答案】to be listening 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：她假装在听经理讲话，但实际上她在考虑其它事。pretend to be doing为固定短语，表示“假装正在做某事”，故填to be listening。 9．With the world becoming a global village, I find it necessary ____________ (master) English. 【答案】to master 【解析】考查不定式。句意：随着世界变成一个地球村，我发现掌握英语是必要的。find it+adj.+to do结构，it形式宾语，形容词necessary作宾补，master用不定式形式作真正宾语。故填to master。 10．We didn't view the athlete as a failure although he failed ____________ (finish) the marathon. 【答案】to finish 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：尽管这位运动员没能跑完马拉松，但我们并不认为他是个失败者。fail to do sth.“未能做某事”。故填to finish。 11．He has also promised ____________ (change) his ways of doing research from now on. 【答案】to change 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意： 他还承诺从现在开始要改变他的研究方式。promise to do固定搭配，意为“承诺做某事”，故填to change。 12．When the teacher walked past him, he pretended ____________ (draw) a picture. 【答案】to be drawing 【解析】考查不定式的进行式。句意：当老师从他身边走过时，他假装在画画。分析句意再根据pretended 可知，此处用固定搭配pretend to be doing sth表示“假装正在做某事”。故填to be drawing。 13．Now a number of college graduates are seeking ____________ (get) a high-paid job in big cities. 【答案】to get 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：现在许多大学毕业生正在大城市寻找一份高薪工作。seek to do固定搭配，意为“寻求做某事”，故填to get。 14．People feel good when they volunteer ____________ (do) something meaningful for other people. 【答案】to do 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当人们自愿为别人做一些有意义的事情时，他们会感觉很好。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定搭配：volunteer to do sth.意为“自愿做某事”。故填to do。 15．Even soccer fans tend ____________ (have) a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match. 【答案】to have 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：甚至足球迷也倾向于每个人都有座位；成千上万人站着观看比赛的日子一去不复返了。句中tend to do为固定短语，意为“倾向于去做某事”使用不定式结构作宾语。故填to have。 16．This list of factors needs ____________ (adapt) depending on the decision you're making. 【答案】adapting / to be adapted 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这一系列的因素需要根据你所做的决定进行调整。此处考查动词need的搭配，need doing表示被动意义，动名词和主语之间有动宾关系，意为“需要被……”，need doing可转换为 need to be done 结构，意思相同，故设空处可填动名词或不定式的被动结构，作宾语。故填adapting / to be adapted。 17．We set out ____________ (discuss) how to solve our company's financial crisis. 【答案】to discuss 【解析】考查不定式。句意：我们开始讨论如何解决公司的财务危机。此处意为“开始做某事”，表达为set out to do，故应用不定式to do作宾语，故填to discuss。 18．He prefers ____________ (walk) to school rather than cycle to school. 【答案】to walk 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他宁愿步行上学，也不愿骑自行车上学。prefer to do...rather than do...意为“宁愿做……（前者）而不愿做……（后者）”，为固定搭配，不定式作宾语。故填to walk。 19．My father came down and demanded ____________ (know) what was going on. 【答案】to know 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我父亲下来问我发生了什么事。根据demand to do sth.意为“要求做某事”，所以此处应使用不定式形式作宾语，结合句意可知，此处表示主动意义。故填to know。 20．You are lucky enough to escape ____________ (kill) in the accident. 【答案】being killed 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：你真幸运，在事故中幸免于难。此处为短语escape doing sth.，且you与kill为被动关系，应用being done形式。故填being killed。 21．I can see that Tim is having trouble ____________ (balance) his project and his schoolwork. 【答案】balancing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我看得出来蒂姆在平衡他的项目和功课方面有困难。根据“having trouble”可知，此处用固定短语have trouble (in) doing sth.，意为“做某事有困难”，因此空处应用balance的动名词形式，作宾语。故填balancing。 22．He sat in the stand and imagined ____________ (fight) bravely with a fierce bull in the Colosseum. 【答案】fighting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他坐在看台上，想象着在斗兽场与一头凶猛的公牛勇敢地搏斗。imagine doing sth. (想象做某事)，fight用动名词形式，作宾语。故填fighting。 23．There are a few books on the shelf. But only one of them is worth ____________ (read). 【答案】reading 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：书架上有几本书。但其中只有一本值得一读。分析句子结构可知，此处为短语be worth doing sth.，意为“值得做某事”，动名词作宾语，主动表被动。故填reading。 24．Although he is always busy ____________ (deliver) mails, Henry never complains. 【答案】delivering 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管亨利总是忙于投递邮件，但他从不抱怨。短语be busy doing sth.表示“忙于做某事”，deliver用动名词形式作宾语。故填delivering。 25．The famous film director wore sun glasses to avoid ____________ (recognize). 【答案】being recognized 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：那位著名的电影导演戴着太阳镜以免被人认出来。固定短语avoid doing sth，recognize与主语是逻辑动宾关系，应用动名词的被动语态。故填being recognized。 26．You'd better set aside some time to practice ____________ (speak) English every day. 【答案】speaking 【解析】考查动名词。句意：你最好每天留出一些时间来练习说英语。根据practice doing sth"练习做某事”，故填speaking。 27．Would you mind ____________ (turn) down your radio a little, please? 【答案】turning 【解析】考查动名词。句意：你介意把收音机关小一点吗?分析句式结构可知，mind后面跟动名词作宾语。故填turning。 28．We appreciate you ____________ (offer) help to us very much in time of difficulty. 【答案】offering 【解析】考查动名词。句意：我们感激你在困难时期给我们提供了这么多帮助。根据appreciate sb doing sth“感激某人做某事”，you为动名词逻辑主语，故填offering。 29．I recommended ____________ (put) off the meeting because of the bad weather. 【答案】putting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于天气不好，我建议推迟会议。句中recommend doing为固定短语，意为“建议做某事”，使用动名词作宾语。故填putting。 30．I have paid my account in full but you keep ____________ (send) messages to say that I need to pay immediately, otherwise my account will be closed. 【答案】sending 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我已经全额支付了我的账户，但你一直在发信息说我需要立即支付，否则我的账户将被关闭。此处表示“一直做某事”，keep doing sth.表示“一直做某事”，所以空格处应该用动名词作宾语。故填sending。 31．To focus on your books, I would like to recommend ____________ (study) in a library. 【答案】studying 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了集中精力读你的书，我建议你去图书馆学习。recommend doing sth.固定搭配，意为“建议做某事”，故填studying。 32．We replied that we were very grateful and spent the whole day ____________ (chat) with them. 【答案】chatting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们回答说，我们非常感激，花了一整天的时间和他们聊天。spend some time （in）doing sth.意为“花费时间做某事”，此处的chat应该用其ing形式，故填chatting。 33．Little Alice looked forward to ____________ (stay) with her grandparents in the countryside. 【答案】staying 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：小爱丽丝期待着和她的祖父母住在乡下。分析句子结构，look forward to doing为固定短语，空白处在句子中做介词to的宾语，使用动名词，故填staying。 34．Reading is vital to ____________ (learn) the language. 【答案】learning 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：阅读对学习语言至关重要。句中to为介词，后接动名词作宾语。故填learning。 35．As a matter of fact, I think it would be a good idea to ban ____________ (smoke) in parks as well. 【答案】smoking 【解析】考查非谓语。句意：事实上，我认为在公园里禁烟也是个好主意。分析句子可知，这里考查ban doing sth表“禁止做某事”，为固定搭配。故填smoking。 2、 need/want/require 专项 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. These flowers need ____________ (water) every day in summer. 2. The old house requires ____________ (repair) as soon as possible. 3. My hair wants ____________ (cut). It's too long. 4. She needs ____________ (take) a good rest after the long journey. 5. The car requires ____________ (clean) before we return it to the owner. 6. I want ____________(buy) a new pair of shoes for the coming sports meet. 7. The floor needs ____________(sweep) before the guests arrive. 8. He needs ____________ (work) harder to catch up with his classmates. 9. The windows want ____________ (wash). They are so dirty. 10. The whole plan requires ____________ (discuss) once more. 【参考答案】 1.watering / to be watered 2.repairing / to be repaired 3.cutting / to be cut 4.to take 5.cleaning / to be cleaned 6.to buy 7.sweeping / to be swept 8.to work 9.washing / to be washed 10.discussing / to be discussed 三、形式宾语 it 改写句子，用 it 作形式宾语。 1. I find that learning English well is very difficult. → I find ______ ______ ______ ______ English well. 2. We think that finishing this task in one day is impossible. → We think ______ ______ ______ ______ this task in one day. 3. She feels that speaking in front of a large crowd is very nervous. → She feels ______ ______ ______ ______ in front of a large crowd. 4. The new policy makes that the poor can get more help possible. → The new policy makes ______ ______ ______ the poor ______ get more help. 5. I consider that traveling alone is dangerous. → I consider ______ ______ ______ ______ alone. 6. We believe that learning a foreign language is necessary. → We believe ______ ______ ______ ______ a foreign language. 【参考答案】 1.it very difficult to learn 2.it impossible to finish 3.it very nervous to speak 4.it possible for ... to 5.it dangerous to travel 6.it necessary to learn 四、疑问词 + to do 用“疑问词 + to do”完成句子。 1. I don't know ______ ______ ______ ______.（怎么解决这个问题） 2. Can you tell me ______ ______ ______ ______ ______?（在哪里可以买到这本书） 3. She is considering ______ ______ ______ ______.（是否接受这份工作） 4. I am not sure ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.（下一步该做什么） 5. The teacher showed us ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.（如何使用这台机器） 6. He can't decide ______ ______ ______ ______.（去哪里度假） 7. Please tell me ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.（什么时候出发） 【参考答案】 1.how to solve this problem 2.where to buy this book 3.whether to accept the job 4.what to do next 5.how to use this machine 6.where to go for the holiday 7.when to start off 五、but/except + to do / do 专项 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. He had no choice but ____________ (give) in. 2. She did nothing but ____________ (cry) all day. 3. There was nothing else to do but ____________ (wait). 4. He wanted nothing but ____________ (stay) at home. 5. I could do nothing but ____________ (accept) the fact. 6. She had no option but ____________ (leave) the party early. 【参考答案】 1.to give 2.cry 3.wait 4.to stay 5.accept 6.to leave 一、语法填空 A 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （25-26高二下·湖南·阶段测试）After graduating from college, Jing Ran, a young entrepreneur, was determined to devote his life to solving a pressing social challenge rather than pursue a ____1____ (convention) career. He ____2____ (spend) months traveling across the country, observing life in cities, towns and rural communities. ____3____ struck him was how much aging had become a part of Chinese society. “The streets were filled with elderly residents actively involved in leisure activities,” Jing recalled. The journey eventually led him ____4____ a clear goal: transforming aging from a period of limitation into one of dignity and joy. Today, Jing is the founder of Time Light Care Group, a company focusing on innovative solutions ____5____ (improve) elderly care. Among its innovations is a hospital shuttle (接驳车) ____6____ (equip) with a smart seat. With the press of a button, ____7____ seat slides out of the vehicle and turns into an electric wheelchair, allowing the elderly to enter the hospital independently without the unpleasant experience of ____8____ (lift) from one vehicle to another. Besides, most facilities are located within urban neighborhoods rather than in remote areas, making it easier for families to visit regularly and for everyday social ____9____ (tie) to endure. Keeping seniors close to their original communities helps preserve their routines and interests ____10____ once brought them joy and well-being at home. 【答案】1. conventional 2. spent 3. What 4. to 5. to improve 6 equipped 7. the 8. being lifted 9. ties 10. that##which 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了年轻企业家景然致力于改善老年护理的创新事业。 1.考查形容词。句意：大学毕业后，年轻的企业家景然决心致力于解决一个紧迫的社会挑战，而不是追求一份传统的职业。本空修饰名词career，作定语，用形容词conventional“传统的”。故填conventional。 2.考查动词时态。句意：他花了数月时间在全国各地旅行，观察城市、城镇和农村社区的生活。本空为谓语动词，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。故填spent。 3.考查主语从句。句意：让他印象深刻的是，老龄化已经成为中国社会的一部分。本空引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，用连接代词what引导，句首单词首字母大写。故填What。 4.考查介词。句意：这段旅程最终让他有了一个明确的目标：将老龄化从一段受限的时期转变为一段充满尊严和快乐的时期。lead sb. to...为固定短语，意为“引导某人到……”，本空用介词to。故填to。 5.考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，景然是时光关爱集团的创始人，该公司专注于创新解决方案，以改善老年护理。本空为非谓语动词，作目的状语，用动词不定式to improve。故填to improve。 6.考查非谓语动词。句意：其创新之一是配备智能座椅的医院接驳车。本空为非谓语动词，hospital shuttle与equip为动宾关系，用过去分词，作后置定语。故填equipped。 7.考查冠词。句意：只要按下按钮，座椅就会从车辆中滑出，变成电动轮椅，让老年人无需经历从一辆车被抬到另一辆车的不愉快体验，就可以独立进入医院。本空特指上文提到的智能座椅，用定冠词the。故填the。 8.考查非谓语动词。句意：只要按下按钮，座椅就会从车辆中滑出，变成电动轮椅，让老年人无需经历从一辆车被抬到另一辆车的不愉快体验，就可以独立进入医院。本空作介词of的宾语，用动名词形式，the elderly与lift为动宾关系，用动名词的被动式being lifted。故填being lifted。 9.考查名词复数。句意：此外，大多数设施都位于城市社区，而不是偏远地区，这使得家庭更容易定期探访，也使得日常的社会联系得以维持。本空作宾语，tie“联系”为可数名词，此处表示多种联系，用复数形式。故填ties。 10.考查定语从句。句意：让老年人靠近他们原来的社区，有助于保持他们的日常生活和兴趣，这些曾经给他们带来快乐和在家中的幸福。本空引导定语从句，先行词为routines and interests，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导。故填that/which。 B （25-26高二上·安徽滁州·月考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 With spring arriving in Shanghai and flowers blooming across the city, the annual Huazhao Festival is attracting visitors in a modern, dynamic way. The flower festival, ____1____(date) back over 2,000 years, is held in the second month of the lunar calendar ____2____(celebrate) the flower goddess’ birthday. According to various ancient ____3____(belief), the flower goddess controls human reproduction, and celebrating her birthday has become ____4____custom to bring prosperity. This year’s festival offers visitors a feast, things that please the mind or the senses, ____5____ the eyes and ears. Colorful light shows, parades of performers dressed as the flower goddess, ____6____dance and musical performances are taking place at landmarks within Yuyuan. In____7____(add) to the innovative technologies and eye-catching shows, a lot of interactive activities ____8____ (offer) during the festival, ____9____(specific) targeting young audiences. Working with the makeup team of Xiaohongshu (RedNote), the festival includes a market ____10____visitors enjoy immersive experiences such as s traditional makeup, fragrance sachet-making, flower hair-pinning and poetry writing. 【答案】1. dating 2. to celebrate 3. beliefs 4. a 5. for 6. and 7. addition 8. are offered 9. specifically 10. where 【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了上海花朝节的举办情况，包括其历史背景、现代庆祝方式、为游客提供的盛宴以及各种互动活动。 1.考查非谓语动词。句意：花朝节的历史可以追溯到2000多年前，在农历的第二个月举行，以庆祝花神的生日。本句已有谓语动词is held，所以date用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语The flower festival之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填dating。 2.考查非谓语动词。句意：花朝节的历史可以追溯到2000多年前，在农历的第二个月举行，以庆祝花神的生日。本句已有谓语动词is held，所以celebrate用非谓语形式，根据句意，此处表目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to celebrate。 3.考查名词。句意：根据各种古老的信仰，花神控制着人类的繁殖，庆祝她的生日已经成为一种带来繁荣的习俗。空处应填名词作宾语，belief意为“信仰”为可数名词，根据various可知，用复数形式。故填beliefs。 4.考查冠词。句意：根据各种古老的信仰，花神控制着人类的繁殖，庆祝她的生日已经成为一种带来繁荣的习俗。根据句意，此处泛指“一种习俗”之意，前需用不定关系修饰，custom为辅音音素开头，用a修饰。故填a。 5.考查介词。句意：今年的节日为游客呈上一场盛宴，提供悦心悦目的体验，是一场视觉与听觉的享受。此处是固定搭配：a feast for意为“一场……的盛宴”。故填for。 6.考查连词。句意：五彩缤纷的灯光秀，装扮成花神的表演者游行，以及舞蹈和音乐表演在豫园的地标上进行。根据句意可知，“dance and musical performances”和前文的“Colorful light shows, parades of performers dressed as the flower goddess”为并列关系，用and连接。故填and。 7.考查名词。句意：除了创新的技术和引人注目的表演，节日期间还提供了许多专门针对年轻观众的互动活动。此处是固定搭配：in addition to意为“除了”。故填addition。 8.考查动词时态和语态。句意：除了创新的技术和引人注目的表演，节日期间还提供了许多专门针对年轻观众的互动活动。offer作本句谓语，和主语a lot of interactive activities之间是被动关系，用被动语态，前后文用的都是一般现在时，此处也用一般现在时。故填are offered。 9.考查副词。句意：除了创新的技术和引人注目的表演，节日期间还提供了许多专门针对年轻观众的互动活动。空处修饰空后的动词，用副词修饰。故填specifically。 10.考查定语从句。句意：与小红书（RedNote）的妆造团队合作，本次节日活动设置了一个集市，游客们可以在此体验传统妆容、制作香囊、簪花以及诗词创作等沉浸式活动。空处引导定语从句，先行词是market，在从句中作地点状语，用where引导。故填where。 C （25-26高二上·湖北·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Europe’s new artificial intelligence-powered weather forecasting model became operational on Tuesday, ____1____ (promise) to significantly improve meteorological and extreme weather predictions globally. The Artificial Intelligence Forecasting System (AIFS) is the first fully operational weather prediction open model ____2____ (use) machine learning technology, and will run side by side ____3____ its traditional physics-based counterpart (对应版本)— the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS), the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) said in a press release on Tuesday. AIFS’ forecast builds upon the same ____4____ (combine) of data that the IFS feeds on, with the data ____5____ (collect) from satellites, planes, boats, and other Earth-based measurement stations. What distinguishes the two models, however, ____6____ (be) that the new machine learning model assesses how these initial conditions will influence future weather based on its knowledge of how the weather ____7____ (evolve) in the past. IFS calculations, in contrast, rely on the laws of physics, which it integrates in its computer code. “We see the AIFS and IFS as complementary (互补的), ____8____ part of providing a range of products to our user community, who decide ____9____ best suits their needs,” said ECMWF’s Director of Forecasts and Services, Florian Pappenberger. Europe’s weather forecasts are ____10____ (current) reliable up to six to seven days ahead for precipitation (降水) and wind, and up to 14 or 15 days ahead for temperature, Pappenberger told the Financial Times. 【答案】1. promising 2. to use 3. with 4. combination 5. collected 6. is 7. has evolved 8. and 9. what 10. currently 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了欧洲新的人工智能驱动的天气预报模型于周二投入使用，有望显著改善全球气象和极端天气预测。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：欧洲新的人工智能驱动的天气预报模型于周二投入使用，有望显著改善全球气象和极端天气预测。句中已有谓语became，动词promise与主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作伴随状语。故填 promising。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：人工智能预报系统（AIFS）是第一个完全投入业务化运行的、使用机器学习技术的天气预报开放模型。句中已有谓语is，动词use需要用非谓语形式。这里 the first ... model 后通常跟不定式作定语，表示“第一个做某事的……”。固定结构：the first/second/... + 名词 + to do。to use 表示“去使用”，主动关系，且与 model 之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系（模型使用技术）。故填 to use。 3 考查介词。句意：……并将与其传统的基于物理学的对应版本——综合预报系统（IFS）并排运行。固定搭配：side by side with，意思是“与……并排、一起、同时”。介词 with 表示“和……一起”，不可省略或替换。故填 with。 4. 考查词性转换。句意：AIFS 的预报建立在 IFS 所依赖的相同的数据组合之上。空格前有 the same，空格后有of data，中间需要一个名词。括号内给出动词 combine（结合），其名词形式为 combination。the same combination of data 意为“相同的一组数据组合”。故填 combination。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些数据来自卫星、飞机、船只和其他地面测量站，（数据被）收集自……。该句结构为：with the data +非谓语，构成独立主格结构或介词短语中的非谓语作定语。动词collect与逻辑主语the data之间是被动关系（数据被收集）。因此需要用过去分词 collected，表示被动和完成。故填 collected。 6. 考查主谓一致。句意：然而，这两种模型的不同之处在于，新的机器学习模型会根据其对过去天气如何演变的知识，来评估这些初始条件将如何影响未来的天气。该句主语是 What distinguishes the two models（区别这两种模型的东西），这是一个主语从句。主语从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。全文为一般现在时，且主句描述的是客观事实。故填is。 7. 考查动词时态。句意：……基于其对过去天气如何演变的知识。空格出现在how the weather ___ in the past 这个宾语从句中。时间状语in the past表示“在过去一直到现在”，强调对现在知识的影响。语境上，模型学习的是“过去天气演变到现在”的整个过程，适合用现在完成时。evolve 是不及物动词，主动形式。故填has evolved。 8. 考查并列连词。句意：我们将 AIFS 和 IFS 视为互补的，并且是向用户社区提供一系列产品的一部分。 空格前是complementary（形容词），空格后是part of ...（名词短语）。原句结构：as A and B，即as complementary and (as) part of ...。需要并列连词连接两个并列成分。故填 and。 9. 考查连接代词（宾语从句引导词）。句意：……用户社区自己决定什么东西最符合他们的需求。who decide ___ best suits their needs中，decide后面接一个宾语从句。宾语从句中缺少主语，意思是“……的东西/事情”。what best suits their needs =“最符合他们需求的那个东西”。what相当于the thing that。故填what。 10. 考查词性转换（形容词变副词）。句意：欧洲的天气预报目前在降水和大风方面可靠的天数是6到7 天……。空格位置在 are ___ reliable 之间，修饰形容词reliable。需要用副词currently作状语，意为“目前、当前”。故填 currently。 二、阅读理解 （25-26高二下·江苏苏州·期中）Debra Des Vignes spent more than a decade as an on-air news reporter in small markets across the US. For most of that time, she covered crime. It wasn't until later that she realized she didn't know the full story of the people she was covering. Des Vignes had always wanted to volunteer at a prison to better understand the people behind the stories she covered. The opportunity came in 2017 when she met a co-worker whose husband worked for the local prison. Des Vignes volunteered to teach a class about victims' experiences,  which was intended to help criminals see the consequences of their crimes from the victim's perspective. “I think society has that image of TV and movies and what that represents, and how a criminal is supposed to act or behave with anger,” Des Vignes said. “I found the exact opposite.” During the course, Des Vignes decided to depart from the curriculum and have the prisoners write a letter to their victim. Des Vignes said she witnessed these men open up in ways they hadn't before and write some very impactful letters. That class inspired Des Vignes to start her own nonprofit to focus on writing with prisoners. In 2018, the Prison Writers Workshop was born and has since expanded to eight correctional institutions. The curriculum, developed by Des Vignes and her all-volunteer team, provides imprisoned students with a foundation in creative writing through weekly prompts and introduces fiction, non-fiction, poetry, and play writing. For Des Vignes, the goal is to create a safe space where they can write and openly share. “Some may want to make sense of their past; some may want to spend an hour and a half in a positive environment,” Des Vignes said. “And some may just want to be heard and felt seen and welcomed.” 1．Why did Des Vignes volunteer to teach a class about victims' experiences? A．To make criminals realize the harm of crime. B．To help those victims to get treatment. C．To improve the relationship between criminals. D．To teach offenders writing skills for a future job. 2．What can we infer about Des Vignes from the text? A．She is strict with all of the prisoners. B．She is indifferent to the prisoners' feelings. C．She is enthusiastic about helping the prisoners. D．She only focuses on the prisoners' writing skills. 3．What is the purpose of the Prison Writers Workshop? A．To teach prisoners only basic writing skills for daily use. B．To help prisoners get released from prison earlier. C．To make prisoners become professional writers. D．To provide a creative space for expression. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．The development of a news reporter's career. B．The importance of creative writing for prisoners. C．A news reporter's experience in teaching in prison. D．The establishment and goal of the Prison Writers Workshop. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C 【语篇导读】本文是记叙文。主要讲述了前新闻记者Debra Des Vignes从报道犯罪新闻，到主动在监狱授课，进而创办非营利组织“监狱作家工作坊”，帮助囚犯通过写作表达自我、反思过去的经历及其初心与目标。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Des Vignes volunteered to teach a class about victims' experiences,  which was intended to help criminals see the consequences of their crimes from the victim's perspective.(Des Vignes自愿教授一门关于受害者经历的课程，旨在帮助罪犯从受害者的角度看待自己犯罪的后果)”可知，她授课的目的是让罪犯认识到犯罪的危害。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Des Vignes volunteered to teach a class about victims' experiences,  which was intended to help criminals see the consequences of their crimes from the victim's perspective.(Des Vignes自愿教授一门关于受害者经历的课程，旨在帮助罪犯从受害者的角度看待自己犯罪的后果)”Des Vignes动志愿在监狱授课，第四段的“During the course, Des Vignes decided to depart from the curriculum and have the prisoners write a letter to their victim.(在这次课程中，Des Vignes决定偏离课程设置，让囚犯给他们的受害者写一封信。)”她偏离课程让囚犯给受害者写信，第五段的“That class inspired Des Vignes to start her own nonprofit to focus on writing with prisoners. In 2018, the Prison Writers Workshop was born and has since expanded to eight correctional institutions.(那门课程激发了Des Vignes创办自己的非营利组织的想法，该组织致力于为囚犯提供写作指导。2018 年，“监狱作家工作室”应运而生，并且现已扩展到八所监狱机构。)”创办非营利组织帮助囚犯，以及第六段“For Des Vignes, the goal is to create a safe space where they can write and openly share.(对于Des Vignes而言，其目标是营造一个安全的环境，让他们能够自由地创作并畅所欲言地分享彼此的想法。)”，可推断，Des Vignes热心帮助囚犯。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第六段“The curriculum, developed by Des Vignes and her all-volunteer team, provides imprisoned students with a foundation in creative writing through weekly prompts and introduces fiction, non-fiction, poetry, and play writing. For Des Vignes, the goal is to create a safe space where they can write and openly share.(由Des Vignes及其全由志愿者组成的团队所制定的课程，为在押学生提供了创意写作的基础知识，通过每周的写作提示来实现这一目标，并涵盖了小说、非小说、诗歌和戏剧写作等内容。对于Des Vignes而言，其目标是营造一个安全的环境，让他们能够自由地创作并畅所欲言地分享彼此的想法。)”可推知，该工作坊的目的是为囚犯提供创意表达的空间。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第五段“In 2018, the Prison Writers Workshop was born and has since expanded to eight correctional institutions.(2018 年，“监狱作家工作室”应运而生，并且现已扩展到八所监狱机构。)”和第六段“The curriculum, developed by Des Vignes and her all-volunteer team, provides imprisoned students with a foundation in creative writing through weekly prompts and introduces fiction,non-fiction, poetry, and play writing. For Des Vignes, the goal is to create a safe space where they can write and openly share. (由Des Vignes及其全由志愿者组成的团队所制定的课程，为在押学生提供了创意写作的基础知识，通过每周的写作提示来实现这一目标，并涵盖了小说、非小说、诗歌和戏剧写作等内容。对于Des Vignes而言，其目标是营造一个安全的环境，让他们能够自由地创作并畅所欲言地分享彼此的想法。)”可知,文章开篇介绍Des Vignes的职业背景及志愿授课的契机，中间讲述授课中的启发，后文重点围绕监狱作家工作坊的建立、发展及目标展开，因此推断核心主旨一名新闻记者的在监狱中任教的经历，C项适合用作标题。故选C。 三、应用文写作 （25-26高二下·江苏·阶段考）假定你是李华，上周末你和同学们前往附近乡镇，拍摄并制作以乡村振兴为主题的短视频。请你给英国笔友Chris写一封邮件进行分享。内容包括： 1. 拍摄内容； 2. 你的收获。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Dear Chris, I’m writing to share with you my experience of shooting a short video on rural revitalization. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】One possible version: Dear Chris, I’m writing to share with you my experience of shooting a short video on rural revitalization. Last weekend, my classmates and I went to a nearby town. We filmed the modern greenhouses where farmers grew organic vegetables, the new rural library full of readers, and the happy faces of villagers as they talked about their better lives. This experience made me realize how much the countryside has changed. I’m proud of the progress rural areas have made, and I’ve also learned the importance of recording and spreading these heartwarming stories. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以李华的身份给英国笔友Chris写邮件，分享上周末和同学拍摄乡村振兴主题短视频的经历，需包含拍摄内容和个人收获两方面。 【详解】1.词汇积累 附近的：nearby → adjacent 快乐的：happy → merry/joyous 意识到：realize → be aware of/recognize 传播：spread → publicize 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I’m writing to share with you my experience of shooting a short video on rural revitalization. 拓展句：I’m writing to share with you my experience of shooting a short video on rural revitalization, which has given me a deeper understanding of the topic. 【点睛】[高分句型1] We filmed the modern greenhouses where farmers grew organic vegetables, the new rural library full of readers, and the happy faces of villagers as they talked about their better lives. (运用了where引导的定语从句和as引导的时间状语从句) [高分句型2] This experience made me realize how much the countryside has changed. (运用了how引导的宾语从句) [高分句型3] I’m proud of the progress rural areas have made, and I’ve also learned the importance of recording and spreading these heartwarming stories. (运用了省略关系代词that的定语从句) 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2核心语法精练 （动名词与不定式作宾语） 1、 用单词的适当形式填空（基础通关） 1. asking/to ask 2. to admit 3. to persuade 4. to get 5. to greet 6. to answer 7. to give 8. to be listening 9. to master 10. to finish 11. to change 12. to be drawing 13. to get 14. to do 15. to have 16. adapting / to be adapted 17. to discuss 18. to walk 19. to know 20. being killed 21. balancing 22. fighting 23. reading 24. delivering 25. being recognized 26. speaking 27. turning 28. offering 29. putting 30. sending 31. studying 32. chatting 33. staying 34. learning 35. smoking 2、 need/want/require 专项 1.watering / to be watered 2.repairing / to be repaired 3.cutting / to be cut 4.to take 5.cleaning / to be cleaned 6.to buy 7.sweeping / to be swept 8.to work 9.washing / to be washed 10.discussing / to be discussed 三、形式宾语 it 1.it very difficult to learn 2.it impossible to finish 3.it very nervous to speak 4.it possible for ... to 5.it dangerous to travel 6.it necessary to learn 四、疑问词 + to do 1.how to solve this problem 2.where to buy this book 3.whether to accept the job 4.what to do next 5.how to use this machine 6.where to go for the holiday 7.when to start off 五、but/except + to do / do 专项 1.to give 2.cry 3.wait 4.to stay 5.accept 6.to leave 一、语法填空 A 1. conventional 2. spent 3. What 4. to 5. to improve 6 equipped 7. the 8. being lifted 9. ties 10. that##which B 1. dating 2. to celebrate 3. beliefs 4. a 5. for 6. and 7. addition 8. are offered 9. specifically 10. where C 1. promising 2. to use 3. with 4. combination 5. collected 6. is 7. has evolved 8. and 9. what 10. currently 二、阅读理解 1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C 三、应用文写作 Dear Chris, I’m writing to share with you my experience of shooting a short video on rural revitalization. Last weekend, my classmates and I went to a nearby town. We filmed the modern greenhouses where farmers grew organic vegetables, the new rural library full of readers, and the happy faces of villagers as they talked about their better lives. This experience made me realize how much the countryside has changed. I’m proud of the progress rural areas have made, and I’ve also learned the importance of recording and spreading these heartwarming stories. Yours, Li Hua 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $