Unit 1 Water 单元词汇讲解 + 专项练习 - 2026学年沪教版（五四学制）八年级上册英语

**基本信息** 围绕“水”主题构建词汇网络，通过多维练习强化语言能力中的词汇应用，渗透水资源保护的文化意识。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇详解|45个核心词汇|含词性转换、固定搭配及主题例句|以“水”为核心，串联量（litre）、设施（factory）、性质（salty）、问题（wastewater）、保护（energy-saving）等主题词汇，形成名词-形容词-副词转换链| |专项练习|4类题型（补全句子、词形转换、首字母填空、语法填空）|覆盖词汇汉译英、词性变化、语境拼写及语篇应用|从基础记忆到语境运用，层层递进考查词汇掌握，呼应中考对词汇应用能力的要求|

沪教版（五·四学制）八年级上册Unit 1 Water 单元词汇详解 + 专项练习 1. litre (AmE liter) /ˈliːtə(r)/ n. 升 词性转换：litres (pl.) 固定搭配：2 litres of water 两升水 例句：We need three litres of clean water every day. 2. factory /ˈfæktri/ n. 工厂 词性转换：factories (pl.) 固定搭配：food factory 食品工厂 例句：The factory produces daily goods. 3. billion /ˈbɪljən/ n. 十亿 词性转换：billions (pl.) 固定搭配：billions of 数以十亿计的 例句：Billions of people pay attention to environmental problems. 4. salty /ˈsɔːlti/ adj. 含盐的；咸的 词性转换：salt (n. 盐) 固定搭配：salty water 咸水 例句：The soup is too salty to drink. 5. rest /rest/ n. 剩余部分；休息时间 v. 休息 词性转换：restful (adj. 宁静的) 固定搭配：the rest of ……剩余的部分；have a rest 休息 例句：The rest of the water is used for cleaning. 6. rare /reə(r)/ adj. 稀少的；珍贵的 词性转换：rarely (adv. 很少，罕见地) 固定搭配：rare animals 珍稀动物 例句：These flowers are very rare in this area. 7. presentation /ˌpreznˈteɪʃn/ n. 展示会；介绍会 词性转换：present (v. 展示，呈现) 固定搭配：give a presentation 做展示报告 例句：The class will have a presentation about water protection. 8. boring /ˈbɔːrɪŋ/ adj. 没趣的 词性转换：bored (adj. 感到无聊的)；bore (v. 使厌烦) 固定搭配：a boring lesson 枯燥的课程 例句：The documentary is a little boring. 9. chemical /ˈkemɪkl/ n. 化学品 adj. 化学的 词性转换：chemistry (n. 化学)；chemically (adv. 化学上地) 固定搭配：harmful chemicals 有害化学品；chemical waste 化工废料 例句：Factories must not pour harmful chemicals into rivers. 10. wastewater /ˈweɪstwɔːtə(r)/ n. 废水 固定搭配：industrial wastewater 工业废水 例句：The factory treats wastewater before pouring it away. 11. treatment /ˈtriːtmənt/ n. (净化或防治)处理；加工 词性转换：treat (v. 处理；治疗) 固定搭配：wastewater treatment 废水处理；medical treatment 医疗救治 例句：The wastewater treatment system works well. 12. include /ɪnˈkluːd/ v. 把……列为……的一部分；包括 词性转换：including (prep. 包括)；included (adj. 被包括的) 固定搭配：include sth. 包含某物 例句：The lesson includes knowledge about saving water. 13. research /rɪˈsɜːtʃ/ v. 研究；探讨；调查 n. 研究；调查；探索 词性转换：researcher (n. 研究员) 固定搭配：do research 做研究；research into 研究…… 例句：Scientists do research on water pollution. 14. agree /əˈɡriː/ v. 同意；赞成 词性转换：agreement (n. 协议，同意)；disagree (v. 不同意) 固定搭配：agree with sb. 同意某人；agree to do sth. 同意做某事 例句：Most people agree to protect natural resources. 15. beyond /bɪˈjɒnd/ prep. 除……之外；超出 固定搭配：beyond our control 超出我们的掌控 例句：The problem is far beyond simple solutions. 16. energy-saving /ˈenədʒi seɪvɪŋ/ adj. 节能的 固定搭配：energy-saving machines 节能设备 例句：We use energy-saving home appliances at home. 17. dishwasher /ˈdɪʃwɒʃə(r)/ n. 洗碗碟机 词性转换：dishwashers (pl.) 固定搭配：use a dishwasher 使用洗碗机 例句：A good dishwasher helps save water. 18. indirect /ˌɪndəˈrekt/ adj. 间接的 词性转换：directly (adv. 直接地)；direct (adj. 直接的) 固定搭配：indirect influence 间接影响 例句：The pollution has an indirect influence on daily life. 19. kilo /ˈkiːləʊ/ n. (=kilogram) 千克；公斤 词性转换：kilos (pl.) 固定搭配：two kilos of vegetables 两公斤蔬菜 例句：We bought one kilo of potatoes yesterday. 20. hamburger /ˈhæmbɜːɡə(r)/ n. 汉堡包 词性转换：hamburgers (pl.) 固定搭配：eat a hamburger 吃汉堡 例句：Too many hamburgers are not good for health. 21. cotton /ˈkɒtn/ n. 棉织物；棉布 固定搭配：cotton clothes 棉质衣物 例句：This shirt is made of soft cotton. 22. touching /ˈtʌtʃɪŋ/ adj. 令人同情的；感人的 词性转换：touch (v. 触摸，感动)；touched (adj. 受感动的) 固定搭配：a touching story 感人的故事 例句：This is a touching story about desert rescue. 23. desert /ˈdezət/ n. 沙漠 词性转换：deserts (pl.) 固定搭配：the desert area 沙漠地区 例句：Water is very precious in the desert. 24. soap /səʊp/ n. 肥皂 v. 抹肥皂；用肥皂擦洗 固定搭配：a bar of soap 一块肥皂；soap sth. 用肥皂清洗 例句：Use mild soap to wash hands. 25. corner /ˈkɔːnə(r)/ n. 角 固定搭配：in the corner 在角落 例句：There is a pot in the corner of the room. 26. pot /pɒt/ n. 罐；瓶；壶；锅 词性转换：pots (pl.) 固定搭配：a water pot 储水罐 例句：Fill the pot with clean water. 27. set off 出发；动身；启程 例句：The team will set off early to cross the desert. 28. hole /həʊl/ n. 洞；坑 词性转换：holes (pl.) 固定搭配：dig a hole 挖洞 例句：Water flows out through the small hole. 29. step /step/ v. 迈步；踩 n. 脚步；步骤 固定搭配：step forward 向前迈步；take steps 采取措施 例句：Please step carefully on the muddy road. 30. mud /mʌd/ n. 泥；淤泥 词性转换：muddy (adj. 泥泞的) 固定搭配：mud on the road 路上的淤泥 例句：The road was covered with thick mud after rain. 31. bathe /beɪð/ v. 用水清洗（尤指身体部位） 词性转换：bath (n. 洗澡) 固定搭配：bathe hands 洗手 例句：Bathe wounds with clean water. 32. shine /ʃaɪn/ v. 照耀 词性转换：shone (过去式/过去分词) 固定搭配：shine brightly 明亮照耀 例句：The sun shines brightly over the desert. 33. forward /ˈfɔːwəd/ adv. 向前 固定搭配：move forward 向前走；look forward to 期待 例句：Walk forward slowly in the desert. 34. pour /pɔː(r)/ v. 使（液体）连续流出；倒出 固定搭配：pour out 倒出；pour into 倒入 例句：Do not pour dirty water into rivers. 35. shut /ʃʌt/ adj. & v. 关闭；合上 固定搭配：shut down 关闭；shut up 闭上 例句：Shut the tap when not using water. 36. drop /drɒp/ n. 滴；水珠 v. 滴落 词性转换：drops (pl.) 固定搭配：a drop of water 一滴水 例句：Every drop of water is precious. 37. fully /ˈfʊli/ adv. 完全地；充分地 词性转换：full (adj. 满的，充分的) 固定搭配：fully understand 完全理解 例句：We should fully understand the value of water. 38. precious /ˈpreʃəs/ adj. 宝贵的；珍贵的 固定搭配：precious resources 珍贵资源 例句：Fresh water is our most precious resource. 39. shoulder /ˈʃəʊldə(r)/ n. 肩膀 v. 背；扛；挑 固定搭配：shoulder the task 承担任务；on one’s shoulder 在肩上 例句：The team carried water on their shoulders. 40. snake /sneɪk/ n. 蛇 v. 曲折前行；蛇行；蜿蜒伸展 词性转换：snakes (pl.) 固定搭配：a desert snake 沙漠蛇 例句：A snake snaked slowly across the sand. 41. thirsty /ˈθɜːsti/ adj. 口渴的 词性转换：thirst (n. 口渴) 固定搭配：be thirsty for 渴望…… 例句：Travellers feel very thirsty in the desert. 42. nor /nɔː(r)/ conj. 也不 固定搭配：neither…nor… 既不……也不…… 例句：Neither waste nor pollute clean water. 43. limited /ˈlɪmɪtɪd/ adj. 有限的 词性转换：limit (v./n. 限制) 固定搭配：limited resources 有限资源 例句：Fresh water on Earth is very limited. 44. spread /spred/ v. 传播 词性转换：spread (过去式/过去分词同原形) 固定搭配：spread knowledge 传播知识 例句：Spread the awareness of water saving. 45. awareness /əˈweənəs/ n. 意识 词性转换：aware (adj. 意识到的) 固定搭配：raise awareness 提升意识；be aware of 意识到 例句：We need to raise public awareness of water protection 单词专项练习 一、根据括号内的中文提示补全句子。 1. We need two ________ (升) of clean water for the trip. 2. This ________ (工厂) produces harmful wastewater every day. 3. ________ (十亿) of tons of wastewater pollute rivers every year. 4. Do not drink the ________ (含盐的) water directly. 5. The ________ (剩余部分) of the water must be saved for later use. 6. These are ________ (稀少的) plants that grow in dry areas. 7. The class will give a ________ (展示会) about water protection. 8. This documentary is really ________ (没趣的). 9. Do not pour harmful ________ (化学品) into the river. 10. The town built a system to treat ________ (废水). 11. The ________ (处理) of wastewater is very important. 12. The lesson will ________ (包括) knowledge about saving water. 13. Scientists do ________ (研究) on desert water resources. 14. Most people ________ (同意) to save precious fresh water. 15. The problem goes ________ (除……之外；超出) simple rules. 16. We should buy ________ (节能的) home appliances. 17. A new ________ (洗碗碟机) can help save plenty of water. 18. We should pay attention to ________ (间接的) water waste. 19. I bought one ________ (千克) of fresh vegetables today. 20. Too many ________ (汉堡包) are bad for daily health. 21. This shirt is made of soft ________ (棉织物). 22. This is a ________ (感人的) story about saving water in the desert. 23. The guide knows well about the ________ (沙漠) environment. 24. Wash hands with mild ________ (肥皂). 25. Place the water pot in the ________ (角) of the room. 26. Fill the big ________ (罐) with clean drinking water. 27. The group will ________ (出发) early tomorrow morning. 28. A small ________ (洞) caused the water to leak out. 29. Do not ________ (踩) on the muddy road carelessly. 30. People in dry areas are always ________ (口渴的). 二、用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1. We need three ________ (litre) of water for the journey. 2. There are two chemical ________ (factory) near the river. 3. ________ (billion) of people face water shortages every year. 4. This soup is too ________ (salt) for daily drinking. 5. The ________ (rest) of the water is used for plant watering. 6. These animals live ________ (rare) in modern cities. 7. Students give a ________ (present) about environmental protection. 8. The long speech makes people feel ________ (bore). 9. We must stop using harmful ________ (chemistry). 10. The city improves its wastewater ________ (treat) system. 11. The course ________ (include) six lessons about water saving. 12. The ________ (research) work lasts for two years. 13. Most local people reach an ________ (agree) on river protection. 14. The school uses many ________ (energy-save) lights. 15. This is an ________ (direct) way to save daily water. 16. Two ________ (kilo) of rice are enough for three days. 17. Too many ________ (hamburger) cause unhealthy diets. 18. These clothes are made of pure ________ (cotton). 19. Everyone was deeply ________ (touch) by the true story. 20. This kind of plant can live in dry ________ (desert). 21. The road was covered with thick ________ (muddy) after rain. 22. The sun ________ (shine) brightly at noon in the desert. 23. Every ________ (drop) of water should be well saved. 24. People do not ________ (full) realize the value of fresh water. 25. We learn to value these ________ (precious) natural resources. 26. The road is ________ (limit), so cars cannot drive fast. 27. The news of water saving has ________ (spread) widely. 28. We should raise public ________ (aware) of water protection. 29. Many travellers feel ________ (thirst) quickly in hot weather. 30. The guide ________ (shoulder) heavy water bottles across the desert. 三、根据首字母提示完成句子。 1. We need 5 l______ of clean water for the long trip. 2. The f______ must stop pouring dirty water into the river. 3. B______ of people are learning how to save water now. 4. This water is too s______ and cannot be drunk directly. 5. The r______ of the water will be stored for future use. 6. These r______ plants need special water care. 7. The class will have a p______ about environmental protection. 8. This long documentary is b______ and makes people sleepy. 9. Harmful c______ from factories pollute rivers seriously. 10. The city builds a new wastewater t______ plant. 11. The course i______ knowledge about desert survival. 12. Scientists do r______ on water shortage problems. 13. Most people a______ that we must protect fresh water. 14. The team will s______ off at dawn to cross the desert. 15. Every d______ of water is very important in dry places. 16. Fresh water is the most p______ natural resource on Earth. 17. The earth’s fresh water is very l______ and easily polluted. 18. We should s______ water-saving knowledge to more people. 19. We need to raise public a______ of protecting clean water. 20. Travellers easily get t______ when walking through hot deserts. 四、短文语法填空。 Fresh water is the most ______(1) (precious) natural resource on the Earth. It is very ______(2) (limit), so we cannot waste even one ______(3) (drop). Many ______(4) (factory) used to pour wastewater and harmful ______(5) (chemical) into rivers. Now cities build wastewater ______(6) (treat) systems to clean polluted water. Scientists do ______(7) (research) on saving water, and most people ______(8) (agree) with water-saving rules. Schools give ______(9) (present) and spread knowledge to raise public ______(10) (aware). When travelling in dry ______(11) (desert), travellers easily feel ______(12) (thirst). They carry ______(13) (kilo) of water on their shoulders and never waste a single drop. Neither waste ______(14) pollute clean water. We should ______(15) (full) understand its value and protect it every day. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 沪教版（五·四学制）八年级上册Unit 1 Water 词汇练习 参考答案 一、根据括号内的中文提示补全句子 1. litres / liters 解析：litre 升，two 后用复数形式 2. factory 解析：factory 工厂，this 后用单数名词 3. Billions 解析：billions of 固定搭配，数十亿，句首大写 4. salty 解析：salty 形容词，含盐的，修饰名词water 5. rest 解析：the rest of 固定搭配，剩余的 6. rare 解析：rare 形容词，稀少的，修饰plants 7. presentation 解析：presentation 展示会，a后用单数名词 8. boring 解析：boring 形容词，枯燥的，修饰documentary 9. chemicals 解析：chemical 化学品，复数表泛指各类有害化学品 10. wastewater 解析：wastewater 不可数名词，废水 11. treatment 解析：treatment 处理，the后接名词 12. include 解析：include 包括，will后接动词原形 13. research 解析：research 不可数名词，研究；do research 做研究 14. agree 解析：agree 同意，主语people为复数，动词原形 15. beyond 解析：beyond 介词，超出、除…之外 16. energy-saving 解析：energy-saving 复合形容词，节能的，修饰appliances 17. dishwasher 解析：dishwasher 洗碗机，a后用单数名词 18. indirect 解析：indirect 形容词，间接的，修饰water waste 19. kilo 解析：kilo 千克，one后用单数名词 20. hamburgers 解析：hamburger 汉堡包，复数表泛指 21. cotton 解析：cotton 不可数名词，棉布、棉织物 22. touching 解析：touching 形容词，感人的，修饰story 23. desert 解析：desert 沙漠，the后用单数名词 24. soap 解析：soap 不可数名词，肥皂 25. corner 解析：corner 角落，in the corner 在角落 26. pot 解析：pot 罐子，the后用单数名词 27. set 解析：set off 固定短语，出发；will后接动词原形 28. hole 解析：hole 洞，a后用单数名词 29. step 解析：step 踩、迈步，do not后接动词原形 30. thirsty 解析：thirsty 形容词，口渴的，作表语 二、用括号内单词的正确形式填空 1. litres / liters 解析：three 后用litre复数 2. factories 解析：factory复数：factories，two后用复数 3. Billions 解析：billions of 数十亿，句首大写 4. salty 解析：salt名词变形容词salty（咸的），作表语 5. rest 解析：the rest of 剩余，固定用法 6. rarely 解析：rare形容词变副词rarely，修饰动词live 7. presentation 解析：present动词变名词presentation，a后用单数 8. bored 解析：修饰人用bored（感到无聊的），boring修饰事物 9. chemicals 解析：chemical变名词复数chemicals（化学品） 10. treatment 解析：treat动词变名词treatment，wastewater treatment 废水处理 11. includes 解析：主语the course单数，一般现在时谓语三单includes 12. research 解析：research不可数名词，研究 13. agreement 解析：agree动词变名词agreement，reach an agreement 达成一致 14. energy-saving 解析：复合形容词energy-saving 节能的，修饰lights 15. indirect 解析：direct形容词变反义词indirect 间接的 16. kilos 解析：kilo复数kilos，two后用复数 17. hamburgers 解析：hamburger复数，many后接可数名词复数 18. cotton 解析：cotton不可数名词，棉布 19. touched 解析：be deeply touched 深受感动，touched修饰人 20. deserts 解析：desert复数，dry deserts 干旱沙漠地区 21. mud 解析：mud不可数名词，淤泥；covered with thick mud 铺满淤泥 22. shines 解析：主语the sun单数，一般现在时三单shines 23. drop 解析：every后用单数名词drop，a drop of water 一滴水 24. fully 解析：full形容词变副词fully，修饰动词realize 25. precious 解析：precious形容词，珍贵的，修饰resources 26. limited 解析：limit动词变形容词limited 有限的，作表语 27. spread 解析：spread过去分词同原形，has spread 已经传播 28. awareness 解析：aware形容词变名词awareness，raise awareness 提升意识 29. thirsty 解析：thirst名词变形容词thirsty，feel thirsty 感到口渴 30. shoulders 解析：主语the guide单数，一般现在时三单shoulders 三、根据首字母提示完成句子 1. litres / liters 解析：5 litres of water 五升水 2. factory 解析：工厂禁止向河流排污 3. Billions 解析：billions of 数十亿，句首大写 4. salty 解析：咸水不可直接饮用 5. rest 解析：the rest of the water 剩余的水 6. rare 解析：珍稀植物需要特殊养护 7. presentation 解析：班级做环保主题展示报告 8. boring 解析：枯燥的纪录片让人犯困 9. chemicals 解析：有害化工原料污染河流 10. treatment 解析：废水处理厂 wastewater treatment plant 11. includes 解析：课程包含沙漠生存知识，主语单数三单 12. research 解析：做水资源短缺相关研究 do research 13. agree 解析：大家同意保护淡水 14. set 解析：set off 出发、启程 15. drop 解析：a drop of water 一滴水，每一滴水都很珍贵 16. precious 解析：珍贵的自然资源 precious natural resource 17. limited 解析：地球淡水资源有限 18. spread 解析：传播节水知识 spread knowledge 19. awareness 解析：提升公众节水意识 public awareness 20. thirsty 解析：炎热沙漠中旅客很容易口渴 四、短文语法填空 1. precious 解析：形容词precious修饰resource，珍贵的自然资源 2. limited 解析：形容词limited作表语，表示淡水资源是有限的 3. drop 解析：one后用单数名词drop，a drop of water 一滴水 4. factories 解析：many后用factory复数factories 5. chemicals 解析：有害化学品，用复数chemicals 6. treatment 解析：wastewater treatment 废水处理，用名词treatment 7. research 解析：do research 做研究，research不可数名词 8. agree 解析：主语most people复数，动词原形agree 9. presentations 解析：泛指多场展示报告，用复数presentations 10. awareness 解析：raise public awareness 提升公众意识，名词awareness 11. deserts 解析：dry deserts 干旱沙漠地区，复数表泛指 12. thirsty 解析：feel thirsty 感到口渴，形容词thirsty 13. kilos 解析：kilogram复数kilos，多公斤水 14. nor 解析：固定搭配neither…nor… 既不…也不… 15. fully 解析：full变副词fully修饰动词understand，充分理解 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $