专题11 阅读理解-选择（说明文） - 【湖南省对口招生】五年（2022-2026）英语真题分类汇编（原卷版+解析版）

**基本信息** 湖南省对口招生2022-2026年英语真题分类汇编，聚焦说明文阅读理解，涵盖科技（螃蟹分解微塑料）、环保（plogging）、文化（蹴鞠）等主题，适配中职高考英语能力考查需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解-选择（说明文）|约40题|细节定位（如2025年DIY花盆步骤题）、主旨概括（如2024年Write the World组织介绍）、推理判断（如2026年文章来源推断）|情境时代性强（科技前沿、社会热点），问题设计梯度分明（基础细节到综合推理）|

【湖南省对口招生】五年（2022-2026）英语真题分类汇编 专题11 阅读理解-选择（说明文） 1. 细节定位与信息提取能力：能快速抓取题干关键词，精准定位原文对应细节（如时间、数据、功能、步骤等），准确匹配选项与原文信息，避免因信息遗漏或误读出错。 2. 主旨与段落大意概括能力：能梳理说明文的说明对象、核心特征及逻辑结构，准确概括全文主旨或特定段落大意，区分主要信息与次要信息，不被无关细节干扰。 3. 词句理解与推理判断能力：掌握说明文常用词汇及短语，能结合上下文推测生词、短语含义；对涉及说明目的、作者态度、选项正误等的题目，能基于原文信息合理推理，不主观臆断。 2026年 New research has found that a kind of crab (螃蟹) can help to break down tiny bits of plastic. Microplastics are plastic particles (颗粒) less than five millimetres long, and they can come from a variety of places — including larger pieces of plastic as they break down. They can damage the environment and be harmful to the health of people and wildlife. A team of researchers studied fiddler crabs living near Turbo, a city on the coast of Colombia, in South America. The forests there are seriously polluted with plastic, yet fiddler crabs are thriving. The researchers wanted to know how this was possible. For their study, the team sprayed five small areas in the forests with tiny plastic particles. They repeated this for 66 days, and afterwards looked at how it influenced the crabs living in the area. The results showed that the plastic particles, which the crabs ate as they dug through the mud, were broken down by their stomachs. The crabs were able to break down the microplastics within days, much faster than sunlight and waves. The scientists said the crabs’ behaviour could possibly be harmful because they could break down the plastic into even smaller pieces of plastic. If predator (捕食者) animals then eat the crabs, the plastic could go into the food chain. However, Daniela Diaz, who was in the study, said, “The results could lead to a better understanding of how animals deal with pollution.” 46. What can we learn about microplastics from paragraph 1? A. They are easy to break down. B. They are plastic particles over 5 millimetres long. C. They do harm to the health of humans and wildlife. D. They are the main pollutants to the environment. 47. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “thriving” in paragraph 2? A. Healthy. B. Thirsty. C. Hungry. D. Happy. 48. What did the researchers find during their study? A. The microplastics helped the trees grow better. B. The microplastics disappeared within 66 days. C. The crabs managed to break down plastic particles. D. Sunlight and waves failed to change plastic particles. 49. How would Daniela Diaz feel about the results of the study? A. Cheering. B. Worrying. C. Confusing. D. Interesting. 50. Where is this passage most probably from? A. A novel. B. A travel guide. C. A science magazine. D. A book review. 【答案】46. C 47. A 48. C 49. A 50. C 【导语】本文介绍一项新研究，发现招潮蟹能分解微塑料。虽然这可能带来食物链风险，但有助于理解动物如何应对污染。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“They can damage the environment and be harmful to the health of people and wildlife. (它们会破坏环境，对人类和野生动物的健康有害。)”可知，微塑料对人类和野生动物的健康有害。 【47题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“the forests there are seriously polluted with plastic, yet fiddler crabs are thriving (那里的森林被塑料严重污染，但招潮蟹却在茁壮成长)”可知，尽管环境被污染，螃蟹仍能繁盛生长，因此“thriving”意为“健康的”，与Healthy意思相近。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The crabs were able to break down the microplastics within days (这些螃蟹能够在几天内分解微塑料)”可知，螃蟹成功分解了塑料颗粒。 【49题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“The results could lead to a better understanding of how animals deal with pollution. (研究结果可以帮助我们更好地理解动物是如何应对污染的。)”可知，她认为研究结果有研究价值，有助于更好地理解动物应对污染的方式，态度是积极令人振奋的。 【50题详解】 推理判断题。文章报道了科学研究发现、实验过程及专家观点，属于科普新闻，最可能出自科学杂志。 2025年 DIY self-watering planters When we finish our drinks, how can we reuse these plastic bottles instead of just throwing them away? If you have this question too, here is an idea: turn them into self-watering planters (花盆). That’s right-these planters can water your plants all by themselves. How does it work? It is very simple: A piece of yarn (纱线) sucks the water up from the bottom of the planter to its top part. Here’s how you can make your own self-watering planter. 1) Cut off the top third of a plastic bottle. 2) Remove the cap of the bottle. Drill (打孔) a hole in the cap with a hammer and a nail. 3) Paint the cap and the top part of the bottle. Let them dry. 4) Put a piece of yarn through the hole in the bottle cap. 5) Screw (拧紧) the cap back onto the bottle. 6) Turn the top part of the bottle upside down. Put soil into it and plant your plants. 7) Pour water into the bottom part of the bottle. 8) Place the top part of the bottle inside the bottom part. Now your self-watering planter is ready. You can add water to its bottom every few weeks Just put it in the sun and wait for the plants to grow! 41. What role does a piece of yarn play in the planter? A. Helping keep the soil in place. B. Supporting the plant as it grows. C. Preventing the soil flowing away. D. Sucking the water from the bottom 42. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. The conditions the planter works in. B. The history of the self-watering planter. C. The way the self-watering planter works D. The disadvantage of the self-watering planter. 43. Which is the correct order of making the self-watering planter? a. Cut off the top third of a bottle. b. Put a piece of yarn through the hole. c. Pour water into the bottom part of the bottle. d. Drill a hole in the cap with a hammer and a nail. e. Place the top part of the bottle inside the bottom part. f. Turn the top part of the bottle upside down and put soil into it. A. a, d, b, f, c, e B. a, b, e, f, d, c C. e, f, a, c, b, d D. e, b, a, d, f, c 44. How often should water be added to the planter’s bottom? A. Once a month. B. Every few weeks. C. Twice a week. D. Every few months. 45. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To persuade people to save water. B. To encourage people to water plants. C. To call on more people to do some planting. D. To teach people to make self-watering planters. 【答案】41. D 42. C 43. A 44. B 45. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何用塑料瓶制作自动浇水花盆。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“A piece of yarn (纱线) sucks the water up from the bottom of the planter to its top part. (一根纱线（纱）将水从花盆底部吸到顶部。)”可知，一根纱线的作用是将水从花盆底部吸到顶部。故选D。 【42题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“How does it work? It is very simple: A piece of yarn (纱线) sucks the water up from the bottom of the planter to its top part. (它是如何工作的？这很简单：一根纱线（纱）将水从花盆底部吸到顶部。)”可知，第二段主要讲述了自动浇水花盆的工作原理。故选C。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章中制作自动浇水花盆的步骤，正确的顺序应该是：1) Cut off the top third of a plastic bottle. (先切掉瓶子的上三分之一) (a)→ 2) Remove the cap of the bottle. Drill (打孔) a hole in the cap with a hammer and a nail. (用锤子和钉子在瓶盖上打孔) (d)→ 4) Put a piece of yarn through the hole in the bottle cap. (接着将一根纱线穿过瓶盖上的孔) (b)→ 6) Turn the top part of the bottle upside down. (把瓶子的上部倒过来并放入土壤) (f)→ 7) Pour water into the bottom part of the bottle. (向瓶子的底部倒水) (c)→ 8) Place the top part of the bottle inside the bottom part. (将瓶子的上部放入底部) (e)。因此，正确的顺序是a，d，b，f，c，e。故选A。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“You can add water to its bottom every few weeks. (你可以每隔几周往底部加水。)”可知，每隔几周需要向花盆底部加水。故选B。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章内容，作者详细介绍了如何制作自动浇水花盆，因此作者的目的是教人们如何制作自动浇水花盆。故选D。 What is the most popular body building these years? Plogging, which is a mixture of jogging and the Swedish “plocka upp”, meaning “pick up”, has come into our eyes. Plogging, the latest Scandinavian lifestyle, trends to rock your world. It has also been a popular new eco-friendly (生态友好的) fitness across the world. The idea of plogging was created by Erik Ahlstrom, a Swedish. He was shocked by the amount of rubbish there in nature. The same rubbish could remain in the road for several weeks without anyone picking it up. So he made up his mind to do something to change it. He started picking it up. He felt good in his heart to clean up a small place. To his surprise, stopping to clean up rubbish became a habit, then a part of his regular exercise as he put the activity into his runs. Later, other people were joining in, and plogging runs, with groups of couple coming together to run and pick up rubbish, became official events in Sweden. They run with bags and gloves. After running, they will have a competition to see who picks up the most rubbish. Nowadays, plogging has attracted more people to take part in. According to fitness app Lifesum, which allows users to input and track calories (卡路里) burned while plogging, the eco-friendly work-out is quite more effective than just jogging. As plogging requires some bending and some strength to catch all the rubbish, a half hour of plogging will burn about 288 calories, compared to just 235 calories from regular jogging 46 Which of the following best describes plogging? A. It’s a new trend in fashion. B. It’s a travel style in Sweden. C. It’s a new environment-friendly fitness. D. It’s an out-of-date word to rock your world. 47. Why did Erik Ahlstrom create the idea of plogging? A. Because he was good at changing things. B. Because he formed the habit of exercising C. Because lots of rubbish in nature surprised him. D. Because picking up rubbish attracted most people 48. What effect did plogging have on people in Sweden? A. People had a competition to clean the park B. Plogging was officially organized in Sweden. C. Picking up rubbish became everyone’s habit. D. People carried bags and gloves everywhere 49. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. Jogging is a better way for people’s health. B. People should spend more time working out. C. People burn less calories while picking up rubbish. D. Plogging has better exercise effects than jogging. 50. What is the main idea of the text? A. It tells a new way of selecting things. B. It shows how jogging becomes famous. C. It explains how people create a new word. D. It introduces a popular type of body building. 【答案】46. C 47. C 48. B 49. D 50. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当下流行的健身方式 ——plogging，包括其起源、发展、影响以及与其他健身方式的比较。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Plogging, the latest Scandinavian lifestyle, trends to rock your world. It has also been a popular new eco-friendly (生态友好的) fitness across the world. (跑步捡垃圾，最新的斯堪的纳维亚生活方式，摇滚你的世界的趋势。它也是一种风靡全球的新型环保健身方式。)”可知，Plogging是一种新的环保健身方式，因此选项C“它是一种新的环保健身方式”正确描述了Plogging。故选C。 47题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“He was shocked by the amount of rubbish there in nature. The same rubbish could remain in the road for several weeks without anyone picking it up. So he made up his mind to do something to change it. (他对自然界垃圾的数量感到震惊。同样的垃圾可以在路上堆放几个星期而没有人去捡。所以他下定决心要做点什么来改变它。)”可知，Erik Ahlstrom因为大自然中大量的垃圾而感到震惊，所以他决定做点什么来改变它，因此他创造了Plogging这个想法。故选C。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Later, other people were joining in, and plogging runs, with groups of couple coming together to run and pick up rubbish, became official events in Sweden. (后来，其他人也加入了进来，成群结队的情侣一起跑步和捡垃圾成为了瑞典的官方活动。)”可知，Plogging在瑞典被正式组织起来，成为了一项官方活动。故选B。 【49题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“According to fitness app Lifesum, which allows users to input and track calories (卡路里) burned while plogging, the eco-friendly work-out is quite more effective than just jogging. (健身应用Lifesum允许用户输入并记录跑步时消耗的卡路里，该应用表示，这种环保的锻炼方式比慢跑更有效。)”可推知，Plogging比单纯的慢跑有更好的锻炼效果。故选D。 【50题详解】 主旨大意题。全文围绕plogging的起源、形式及健身优势展开，核心是介绍这一流行的健身方式。故选D。 2024年 Welcome to Write the World We’re a community of young writers (ages13-18) from over 120 countries. Join us, and see your writing improve as you find your own voice. Enter competitions to receive feedback from authors, writing teachers, and other experts in the field. Writing is a social act. Share your work with a global community, and exchange feedback with writers from all over the world. Each month Write the World holds a new writing competition with various themes, such as poetry, sports reports, or fiction. The competitions encourage you to dig deeper into the writing process, try out writing skills and share your work with a sea of eager readers. And because a first draft is never perfect, you have the chance to receive peer (同龄人) and expert feedback before handing in your final piece. What’s different about Write the World competitions? ●Free Entry and Cash Prizes: The winning one receives $100, and the runner-up (亚军) and the best peer reviewer receive $50. ●Professional Recognition: All three winners will appear on our blog, with comments from our guest judges. ●Expert Review: Hand in a draft in the first week and get feedback from our team of experts — authors, writing teachers, and education professionals. ●Guest Judges: From well-known poets to the President’s speech writers-our monthly competitions are judged by famous and respected writers from across the globe. For further details: Visit writertheworld.com 41. What is Write the World? A. A writing course. B. A writing guide. C. A writing competition. D. A writing organization. 42. What are you encouraged to do if you join in the competitions? A. Write an article every week. B. Explore the process of writing. C. Comment on others’ writing skills. D. Share your work with your classmates. 43. What is special about the competitions? A. The president is among the guest judges. B. Only one winner will appear on the blog. C. All the works will receive expert feedback. D. The writers have to pay a little for the competitions. 44. If you get second place in the competitions, you’ll ________. A. be awarded $ 50 B. be awarded $ 100 C. become a guest judge D. become a peer reviewer 45. Who are the most likely target readers of the passage? A. Teen students. B. Well-known poets. C. Professional writers. D. High school teachers. 【答案】41. D 42. B 43. C 44. A 45. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Write the World 这一面向13-18岁年轻作家的写作社区。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“We’re a community of young writers (ages13-18) from over 120 countries. (我们是一个由来自 120 多个国家的年轻作家（年龄13-18岁）组成的社区。)”可知，Write the World是一个由来自120多个国家的年轻作家组成的社区，即一个写作组织。故选D。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The competitions encourage you to dig deeper into the writing process, try out writing skills and share your work with a sea of eager readers. (比赛鼓励你深入挖掘写作过程，尝试写作技巧并与众多热切的读者分享您的作品。)”可知，如果你参加比赛，你会被鼓励去探索写作过程。故选B。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Hand in a draft in the first week and get feedback from our team of experts — authors, writing teachers, and education professionals. (在第一周提交一份草稿，并从我们的专家团队——作者、写作老师和教育专业人士那里得到反馈。)”可知，所提交的作品都会得到专家的反馈，这是比赛的一个特别之处。故选C。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“The winning one receives $100, and the runner-up (亚军) and the best peer reviewer receive $50. (获胜者将获得100 美元，亚军和最佳同行评审员将获得50 美元。)”可知，冠军将获得100美元，亚军和最佳同行评审员将获得50美元。因此，如果你在比赛中获得第二名，你将获得50美元。故选A。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“We’re a community of young writers (ages13-18) from over 120 countries. (我们是一个由来自 120 多个国家的年轻作家（年龄13-18岁）组成的社区。)”可知，这个写作组织是面向13-18岁的年轻作家的。因此，这篇文章最有可能的目标读者是青少年学生。故选A。 B As an English saying goes, “Laughter is the best medicine.” In these troubling times, good humour is in need more than ever. Doctors and medical staff are taking heed of this and making it part of their care treatments. One product of this is the appearance of clown doctors and healthcare clowns, in hospitals around the globe. There is even an organization that sets standards-the European Federation of Healthcare Clowns Organizations was established in 2011. It says: “Healthcare clowns bring moments of happiness to children who are ill or who have special needs and take their mind off their illness. Clowns also bring smiles to weak adults, including seniors and people with brain disease who are in hospital care.” Healthcare clowns are becoming especially popular in Israel, which is considered a world leader in the field. The first university ever to offer a bachelor’s degree (学士学位) in medical clowning was Haifa University, in 2007. One healthcare clown in Jerusalem, Leah Weiss, decided to take advantage of her inner clown to help patients after a COVID-19 ward (病室) opened in March. She said she knew the clown in her would have curing benefits for her patients. She wants to reduce their anxiety (焦虑) and improve their wellbeing. She enjoys working alongside doctors and said: “Obviously, the doctors, they take care of the body. And we come in and take care of the soul. And it becomes a whole and works together — the doctors understand this.” 46. Which of the following can be used to replace the underlined phrase “taking heed of”? A. Looking up to. B. Making up for. C. Paying attention to. D. Getting away from. 47. Some hospitals employ clowns because ________. A. they are well educated B. they are easy to find C. they make people happy D. they have medical knowledge 48. What can we know about Leah Weiss? A. She is seriously ill. B. She is a loving person. C. She has special needs. D. She has a bachelor’s degree. 49. What is the benefit of having clowns in hospitals? A. It reduces medical expenses. B. It makes hospitals organized. C. It helps with patients’ recovery. D. It decreases the anxiety of doctors. 50. What is the passage mainly about? A. A new care treatment. B. A useful traditional medicine. C. An effective cure for COVID-19. D. A detailed introduction to clowns. 【答案】46. C 47. C 48. B 49. C 50. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“医疗小丑”这一新兴的护理治疗方式，包括其在全球医院的出现、受欢迎的情况，以及在帮助患者方面的作用。 【46题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“Doctors and medical staff are taking heed of this and making it part of their care treatments. (医生和医务人员正在注意这一点并将其作为护理治疗的一部分。)”可知，文章中说医生和医务人员“taking heed of”这一点并将其作为护理治疗的一部分，意味着他们对“笑是良药”这个观点加以关注，“Paying attention to”有“关注、注意”的意思，与“taking heed of”意思相近。故选C。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Healthcare clowns bring moments of happiness to children who are ill or who have special needs and take their mind off their illness. (医疗小丑为生病或有特殊需要的儿童带来快乐时光，让他们忘记疾病。)”可知，医院雇佣小丑是因为他们能给人带来快乐。故选C。 【48题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“She said she knew the clown in her would have curing benefits for her patients. She wants to reduce their anxiety (焦虑) and improve their wellbeing. (她说，她知道她内心的小丑形象对她的病人有治疗作用。她希望减轻他们的焦虑，改善他们的幸福感。)”可知，她是有爱心、关爱他人的人。故选B。 【49题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Healthcare clowns bring moments of happiness to children who are ill or who have special needs and take their mind off their illness. Clowns also bring smiles to weak adults, including seniors and people with brain disease who are in hospital care. (医疗小丑为患病或有特殊需要的儿童带来欢乐时光，让他们忘记疾病。小丑还为身体虚弱的成年人，包括住院的老年人和脑部疾病患者带来欢笑。)”以及第二段中的“She wants to reduce their anxiety (焦虑) and improve their wellbeing. (她希望减轻他们的焦虑，改善他们的幸福感。)”可知，小丑能让病人心情愉悦、减轻焦虑，从而有助于康复。故选C。 【50题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了医疗小丑这一新的治疗方式，包括他们的作用、在以色列的流行情况以及莉亚·魏斯的个人案例，因此，文章主要讲述的是一种新的治疗方法。故选A。 C The FIFA World Cup came to an end in December 2022. But the love for soccer is still very much alive and well in Zibo, Shandong Province. Zibo is called “the home of soccer ball”. It’s the birthplace of the ancient Chinese sport of cuju. In 2004, cuju won the recognition of FIFA — soccer’s governing body — as the earliest form of soccer. The Chinese character cu means to kick. Ju means an ancient type of leather ball. It has feathers (羽毛) or grain chaff (谷糠) inside. The ancient Chinese historical text Zhan Guo Ce says cuju was a form of amusement among common people. But during the Han Dynasty, soldiers played cuju for army training. During the Tang Dynasty, women played cuju at the royal court (朝廷) for the amusement of the emperors. It entered the golden age in the Song Dynasty when it became popular among every class. Yet, the 2,000-year-old game slowly got out of people’s lives during the Ming Dynasty. Li Weipeng, 34, from Linzi district of Zibo city, is a seventh-generation inheritor (传承人) of cuju. He has been practicing cuju skills for 18 years. Mastering different cuju skills is not easy. “At the beginning, I spent eight hours a day practicing juggling (颠球) a ball. It was tiring,” Li told China Daily. He now can juggle a ball with his foot over 10,000 times in a row. Teaching students cuju moves is a part of Li’s job. The traditional Chinese sport cuju is now popular at primary and middle schools in Linzi. “Students show great interest in playing cuju. It encourages me to promote the ancient sport,” Li said. 51. Why is Zibo called “the home of soccer ball”? A. Because cuju was born there. B. Because people there love soccer. C. Because there is a branch of FIFA. D. Because modern soccer began there. 52. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A. The way of making cuju. B. The development of cuju. C. The value of cuju to the world. D. The popularity of cuju among the Chinese. 53. In the Ming Dynasty, cuju _______. A. was used to train soldiers B. was enjoyed by the emperors C. became popular among women D. slowly disappeared in people’s lives 54. Which of the following is true about Li Weipeng? A. He is the only inheritor of cuju. B. He thinks it easy to learn cuju skills. C. He now practises cuju eight hours a day. D. He passes down cuju skills to the younger generation. 55. What the best title for the passage? A. Zibo — a city of soccer fans B. Cuju — its yesterday and today C. Soccer — a popular sport in China D. Li Weipeng — a devoted instructor of cuju 【答案】51. A 52. B 53. D 54. D 55. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了山东淄博被称为“足球之乡”，是古代运动蹴鞠的发源地。讲述了蹴鞠的历史发展，包括其在不同朝代的用途和流行程度，还介绍了淄博临淄的蹴鞠第七代传承人李为鹏，他练习蹴鞠技艺多年，并致力于在学校推广蹴鞠，如今蹴鞠在当地中小学颇受欢迎。 【51题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Zibo is called the home of soccer ball. It’s the birthplace of the ancient Chinese sport of cuju. (淄博被称为“足球之乡”。它是中国古代蹴鞠运动的发源地。)”可知，淄博被称为“足球之乡”是因为它是古代中国足球运动蹴鞠的发源地。故选A。 【52题详解】 主旨大意题。第二段主要讲述了蹴鞠的发展历程，从古代作为民间娱乐活动，到汉代士兵用于军事训练，再到唐代女性在宫廷中玩蹴鞠供皇帝娱乐，最后在宋代进入黄金时期，但在明代逐渐淡出人们的生活。因此，第二段的主要意思是蹴鞠的发展过程。故选B。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Yet, the 2,000-year-old game slowly got out of people’s lives during the Ming Dynasty. (然而，这项有着2000多年历史的游戏在明代逐渐淡出了人们的生活。)”可知，在明代，这项拥有2000多年历史的运动逐渐淡出了人们的生活。故选D。 【54题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Teaching students cuju moves is a part of Li’s job. (教学生蹴鞠动作是李的工作之一。)”可知，李伟鹏的工作之一是教学生蹴鞠的动作，即他将蹴鞠技能传授给了年轻一代。故选D。 【55题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了蹴鞠这一古代中国足球运动的历史、发展以及现代传承情况，特别是通过李伟鹏这一现代传承人的故事来展现。故选B。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2023年 How cool would it be to have a flying robot? What’s the first thing you would do with it? Maybe send it into battle, or use it to spy (窥探) on your neighbors? Well, this is not just a fantasy anymore. Drones (无人机) are remote-controlled flying robots, and they are getting more popular every day. But is this a good thing for society? The popularity of drones has exploded in recent years as technology has improved and gotten cheaper. A standard drone with a high-quality camera and four helicopter propellers now sells online for just a few hundred US dollars. Drones are extremely useful for making videos because their cameras link directly to phones or tablets. Nowadays, anyone can get professional-looking flyby shots from unique angles. But could this cause problems? Because drones are so affordable, it means that anyone can send a robot flying around the neighborhood. People might be surprised to find a camera floating outside their window. This should be a huge concern for people who care about their privacy. Many governments also invest in drones, but for very different reasons. Some country uses military (军事的) drones for spying. Its most powerful drones, however, are Predator drones, which can fly higher than 15,000 meters at over 300 kilometers per hour. And no, they don’t just take pretty videos. A predator drone can hold 360 kilograms worth of bombs, enough to completely destroy an enemy camp. The soldier controlling the drones sits safely away from the action, so it’s impossible to know for sure who is getting killed. Innocent people might be in danger. Drones are a very new technology and people are still exploring their possible uses. Maybe someday you’ll come up with a new cool way to use your own remote-controlled robot. 51. What’s the function of the first paragraph? A. To introduce the topic. B. To express the writer’s opinion. C. To state the facts about the drones. D. To indicate the advantages of a flying robot. 52. What does the underlined word “exploded” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Broken. B. Disappeared. C. Blown up. D. Increased. 53. What is most likely true about drones you can buy online? A. The most expensive ones are priced too high. B. They can be used to secretly take pictures of people. C. They are useful for making videos from fixed angles. D. They can be used for both photography and military purposes. 54. What is the function of the underlined sentence in paragraph 4? A. It suggests what military drones will do in the future. B. It gives an example of what military drones cannot do. C. It intends to compare military drones and common drones. D. It describes a similarity between military drones and common drones. 55. What is the main idea of the article? A. Using drones can cause confusion to users. B. Using drones is a great way to improve videos. C. Drones have both positive and negative effects. D. Drones are expensive, but really exciting to play with. 【答案】51. A 52. D 53. B 54. C 55. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无人机变得越来越流行，同时也带来了隐私泄露和安全等问题。 【51题详解】 推理判断题。第一段中作者通过不同的问句，来引发读者思考，通过“But is this a good thing for society? (但这对社会来说是件好事吗？)”从而引入这篇文章的主题。故选 A。 【52题详解】 词句猜测题。A. Broken坏的；B. Disappeared消失的；C. Blown up爆发；D. Increased增长的。根据上文的“Drones (无人机) are remote-controlled flying robots, and they are getting more popular every day. (无人机是遥控飞行机器人，它们每天都越来越受欢迎。)”可知，随着技术的进步和成本的降低，无人机的普及程度呈增长趋势。exploded意为“增长”。故选D。 【53题详解】 推理判断题。根据“Drones are extremely useful for making videos because their cameras link directly to phones or tablets. Nowadays, anyone can get professional-looking flyby shots from unique angles. (无人机在制作视频方面非常有用，因为它们的摄像头可以直接连接到手机或平板电脑上。如今，任何人都可以从独特的角度拍摄专业的飞行照片。)”可知，你可以在网上买到无人机，它们可以用来偷拍人。故选B。 【54题详解】 推理判断题。上文介绍了普通无人机的功用，根据“A predator drone can hold 360 kilograms worth of bombs, enough to completely destroy an enemy camp. (一架捕食者无人机可以携带360公斤的炸弹，足以彻底摧毁一个敌人的营地。)”可知，第四段中划线的句子的功能是，为了比较军用无人机和普通无人机。故选C。 【55题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章通过例子介绍了无人机所带来的好处和坏处。故选C。 2022年 ALLEYN’S SCHOOL PROUD TO SHINE website: www. alleynes. org. uk 1962—2022 ALLEYN’S IS GROWING Alleyn’s School Townley Road, Dulwich, UK office@www. alleynes. org. uk Welcome to Alleyn’s School. Our school is big and it has 600 students aged 13-15. However it only had 100 students and four teachers when it was open on September 10th, 1962. Main Teaching Building The school has a huge yard and next to it is the main teaching building. The building has two floors, with six classrooms on each. In each classroom there is a computer, an overhead projector, and a smart white board. It also has a small reading area with different kinds of books offered by the students. Library Our school library is used for all the reading classes weekly. The members of the reading club can meet here and do some reading after school. School Hall We have a fantastic school hall. It is used for gym, meetings and having lunch. It is the place where we hold many events, such as school plays, concerts, and indoor games. Other rooms We have a well-equipped music room for music lessons, a computer room of thirty-two computers and a large staff room for teachers to have a rest during lunch time. 41. The school has a history of ________ years. A. 600 B. 100 C. 60 D. 15 42. What do we know about the main teaching building? A. It has 12 classrooms in all. B. It lies in the huge school yard. C. It is a three-storied building. D. It lacks modern teaching facilities. 43. What can students do in the school hall? A. Have reading classes. B. Hold concerts. C. Borrow books. D. Play football. 44. Teachers can have a rest during lunch time in the ________. A. computer room B. music room C. reading room D. staff room 45. You can read the passage probably ________. A. on the school website B. in a diary C. in a storybook D. in a notice 【答案】41. C 42. A 43. B 44. D 45. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Alleyn的学校情况以及校园的布局。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“However, it only had 100 students and four teachers when it was open on September 10th, 1962. (然而，当学校于1962年9月10日开学时，只有 100 名学生和 4 名教师。)”可知，这所学校于1962年9月10日开学，距今已有60年的历史了。故选C。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The building has two floors, with six classrooms on each. (该建筑有两层，每层有六间教室。)”可知，主教学楼共有12间教室。故选A。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“It is the place where we hold many events, such as school plays, concerts, and indoor games. (这是我们举办许多活动的地方，例如学校戏剧、音乐会和室内游戏。)”可知，学生在学校大厅可以举办音乐会。故选B。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“We have a well-equipped music room for music lessons, a computer room of thirty-two computers and a large staff room for teachers to have a rest during lunch time. (我们拥有一间设备齐全的音乐室用于上音乐课，一间拥有三十二台电脑的计算机室，以及一间宽敞的教职员休息室，供老师们午餐休息。)”可知，老师们可以在午餐时间在教职员休息室休息。故选D。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。文章是关于学校的介绍，最有可能在学校网站上读到。故选A。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 【湖南省对口招生】五年（2022-2026）英语真题分类汇编 专题11 阅读理解-选择（说明文） 1. 细节定位与信息提取能力：能快速抓取题干关键词，精准定位原文对应细节（如时间、数据、功能、步骤等），准确匹配选项与原文信息，避免因信息遗漏或误读出错。 2. 主旨与段落大意概括能力：能梳理说明文的说明对象、核心特征及逻辑结构，准确概括全文主旨或特定段落大意，区分主要信息与次要信息，不被无关细节干扰。 3. 词句理解与推理判断能力：掌握说明文常用词汇及短语，能结合上下文推测生词、短语含义；对涉及说明目的、作者态度、选项正误等的题目，能基于原文信息合理推理，不主观臆断。 2026年 New research has found that a kind of crab (螃蟹) can help to break down tiny bits of plastic. Microplastics are plastic particles (颗粒) less than five millimetres long, and they can come from a variety of places — including larger pieces of plastic as they break down. They can damage the environment and be harmful to the health of people and wildlife. A team of researchers studied fiddler crabs living near Turbo, a city on the coast of Colombia, in South America. The forests there are seriously polluted with plastic, yet fiddler crabs are thriving. The researchers wanted to know how this was possible. For their study, the team sprayed five small areas in the forests with tiny plastic particles. They repeated this for 66 days, and afterwards looked at how it influenced the crabs living in the area. The results showed that the plastic particles, which the crabs ate as they dug through the mud, were broken down by their stomachs. The crabs were able to break down the microplastics within days, much faster than sunlight and waves. The scientists said the crabs’ behaviour could possibly be harmful because they could break down the plastic into even smaller pieces of plastic. If predator (捕食者) animals then eat the crabs, the plastic could go into the food chain. However, Daniela Diaz, who was in the study, said, “The results could lead to a better understanding of how animals deal with pollution.” 46. What can we learn about microplastics from paragraph 1? A. They are easy to break down. B. They are plastic particles over 5 millimetres long. C. They do harm to the health of humans and wildlife. D. They are the main pollutants to the environment. 47. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “thriving” in paragraph 2? A. Healthy. B. Thirsty. C. Hungry. D. Happy. 48. What did the researchers find during their study? A. The microplastics helped the trees grow better. B. The microplastics disappeared within 66 days. C. The crabs managed to break down plastic particles. D. Sunlight and waves failed to change plastic particles. 49. How would Daniela Diaz feel about the results of the study? A. Cheering. B. Worrying. C. Confusing. D. Interesting. 50. Where is this passage most probably from? A. A novel. B. A travel guide. C. A science magazine. D. A book review. 2025年 DIY self-watering planters When we finish our drinks, how can we reuse these plastic bottles instead of just throwing them away? If you have this question too, here is an idea: turn them into self-watering planters (花盆). That’s right-these planters can water your plants all by themselves. How does it work? It is very simple: A piece of yarn (纱线) sucks the water up from the bottom of the planter to its top part. Here’s how you can make your own self-watering planter. 1) Cut off the top third of a plastic bottle. 2) Remove the cap of the bottle. Drill (打孔) a hole in the cap with a hammer and a nail. 3) Paint the cap and the top part of the bottle. Let them dry. 4) Put a piece of yarn through the hole in the bottle cap. 5) Screw (拧紧) the cap back onto the bottle. 6) Turn the top part of the bottle upside down. Put soil into it and plant your plants. 7) Pour water into the bottom part of the bottle. 8) Place the top part of the bottle inside the bottom part. Now your self-watering planter is ready. You can add water to its bottom every few weeks Just put it in the sun and wait for the plants to grow! 41. What role does a piece of yarn play in the planter? A. Helping keep the soil in place. B. Supporting the plant as it grows. C. Preventing the soil flowing away. D. Sucking the water from the bottom 42. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. The conditions the planter works in. B. The history of the self-watering planter. C. The way the self-watering planter works D. The disadvantage of the self-watering planter. 43. Which is the correct order of making the self-watering planter? a. Cut off the top third of a bottle. b. Put a piece of yarn through the hole. c. Pour water into the bottom part of the bottle. d. Drill a hole in the cap with a hammer and a nail. e. Place the top part of the bottle inside the bottom part. f. Turn the top part of the bottle upside down and put soil into it. A. a, d, b, f, c, e B. a, b, e, f, d, c C. e, f, a, c, b, d D. e, b, a, d, f, c 44. How often should water be added to the planter’s bottom? A. Once a month. B. Every few weeks. C. Twice a week. D. Every few months. 45. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To persuade people to save water. B. To encourage people to water plants. C. To call on more people to do some planting. D. To teach people to make self-watering planters. What is the most popular body building these years? Plogging, which is a mixture of jogging and the Swedish “plocka upp”, meaning “pick up”, has come into our eyes. Plogging, the latest Scandinavian lifestyle, trends to rock your world. It has also been a popular new eco-friendly (生态友好的) fitness across the world. The idea of plogging was created by Erik Ahlstrom, a Swedish. He was shocked by the amount of rubbish there in nature. The same rubbish could remain in the road for several weeks without anyone picking it up. So he made up his mind to do something to change it. He started picking it up. He felt good in his heart to clean up a small place. To his surprise, stopping to clean up rubbish became a habit, then a part of his regular exercise as he put the activity into his runs. Later, other people were joining in, and plogging runs, with groups of couple coming together to run and pick up rubbish, became official events in Sweden. They run with bags and gloves. After running, they will have a competition to see who picks up the most rubbish. Nowadays, plogging has attracted more people to take part in. According to fitness app Lifesum, which allows users to input and track calories (卡路里) burned while plogging, the eco-friendly work-out is quite more effective than just jogging. As plogging requires some bending and some strength to catch all the rubbish, a half hour of plogging will burn about 288 calories, compared to just 235 calories from regular jogging 46 Which of the following best describes plogging? A. It’s a new trend in fashion. B. It’s a travel style in Sweden. C. It’s a new environment-friendly fitness. D. It’s an out-of-date word to rock your world. 47. Why did Erik Ahlstrom create the idea of plogging? A. Because he was good at changing things. B. Because he formed the habit of exercising C. Because lots of rubbish in nature surprised him. D. Because picking up rubbish attracted most people 48. What effect did plogging have on people in Sweden? A. People had a competition to clean the park B. Plogging was officially organized in Sweden. C. Picking up rubbish became everyone’s habit. D. People carried bags and gloves everywhere 49. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. Jogging is a better way for people’s health. B. People should spend more time working out. C. People burn less calories while picking up rubbish. D. Plogging has better exercise effects than jogging. 50. What is the main idea of the text? A. It tells a new way of selecting things. B. It shows how jogging becomes famous. C. It explains how people create a new word. D. It introduces a popular type of body building. 2024年 Welcome to Write the World We’re a community of young writers (ages13-18) from over 120 countries. Join us, and see your writing improve as you find your own voice. Enter competitions to receive feedback from authors, writing teachers, and other experts in the field. Writing is a social act. Share your work with a global community, and exchange feedback with writers from all over the world. Each month Write the World holds a new writing competition with various themes, such as poetry, sports reports, or fiction. The competitions encourage you to dig deeper into the writing process, try out writing skills and share your work with a sea of eager readers. And because a first draft is never perfect, you have the chance to receive peer (同龄人) and expert feedback before handing in your final piece. What’s different about Write the World competitions? ●Free Entry and Cash Prizes: The winning one receives $100, and the runner-up (亚军) and the best peer reviewer receive $50. ●Professional Recognition: All three winners will appear on our blog, with comments from our guest judges. ●Expert Review: Hand in a draft in the first week and get feedback from our team of experts — authors, writing teachers, and education professionals. ●Guest Judges: From well-known poets to the President’s speech writers-our monthly competitions are judged by famous and respected writers from across the globe. For further details: Visit writertheworld.com 41. What is Write the World? A. A writing course. B. A writing guide. C. A writing competition. D. A writing organization. 42. What are you encouraged to do if you join in the competitions? A. Write an article every week. B. Explore the process of writing. C. Comment on others’ writing skills. D. Share your work with your classmates. 43. What is special about the competitions? A. The president is among the guest judges. B. Only one winner will appear on the blog. C. All the works will receive expert feedback. D. The writers have to pay a little for the competitions. 44. If you get second place in the competitions, you’ll ________. A. be awarded $ 50 B. be awarded $ 100 C. become a guest judge D. become a peer reviewer 45. Who are the most likely target readers of the passage? A. Teen students. B. Well-known poets. C. Professional writers. D. High school teachers. B As an English saying goes, “Laughter is the best medicine.” In these troubling times, good humour is in need more than ever. Doctors and medical staff are taking heed of this and making it part of their care treatments. One product of this is the appearance of clown doctors and healthcare clowns, in hospitals around the globe. There is even an organization that sets standards-the European Federation of Healthcare Clowns Organizations was established in 2011. It says: “Healthcare clowns bring moments of happiness to children who are ill or who have special needs and take their mind off their illness. Clowns also bring smiles to weak adults, including seniors and people with brain disease who are in hospital care.” Healthcare clowns are becoming especially popular in Israel, which is considered a world leader in the field. The first university ever to offer a bachelor’s degree (学士学位) in medical clowning was Haifa University, in 2007. One healthcare clown in Jerusalem, Leah Weiss, decided to take advantage of her inner clown to help patients after a COVID-19 ward (病室) opened in March. She said she knew the clown in her would have curing benefits for her patients. She wants to reduce their anxiety (焦虑) and improve their wellbeing. She enjoys working alongside doctors and said: “Obviously, the doctors, they take care of the body. And we come in and take care of the soul. And it becomes a whole and works together — the doctors understand this.” 46. Which of the following can be used to replace the underlined phrase “taking heed of”? A. Looking up to. B. Making up for. C. Paying attention to. D. Getting away from. 47. Some hospitals employ clowns because ________. A. they are well educated B. they are easy to find C. they make people happy D. they have medical knowledge 48. What can we know about Leah Weiss? A. She is seriously ill. B. She is a loving person. C. She has special needs. D. She has a bachelor’s degree. 49. What is the benefit of having clowns in hospitals? A. It reduces medical expenses. B. It makes hospitals organized. C. It helps with patients’ recovery. D. It decreases the anxiety of doctors. 50. What is the passage mainly about? A. A new care treatment. B. A useful traditional medicine. C. An effective cure for COVID-19. D. A detailed introduction to clowns. C The FIFA World Cup came to an end in December 2022. But the love for soccer is still very much alive and well in Zibo, Shandong Province. Zibo is called “the home of soccer ball”. It’s the birthplace of the ancient Chinese sport of cuju. In 2004, cuju won the recognition of FIFA — soccer’s governing body — as the earliest form of soccer. The Chinese character cu means to kick. Ju means an ancient type of leather ball. It has feathers (羽毛) or grain chaff (谷糠) inside. The ancient Chinese historical text Zhan Guo Ce says cuju was a form of amusement among common people. But during the Han Dynasty, soldiers played cuju for army training. During the Tang Dynasty, women played cuju at the royal court (朝廷) for the amusement of the emperors. It entered the golden age in the Song Dynasty when it became popular among every class. Yet, the 2,000-year-old game slowly got out of people’s lives during the Ming Dynasty. Li Weipeng, 34, from Linzi district of Zibo city, is a seventh-generation inheritor (传承人) of cuju. He has been practicing cuju skills for 18 years. Mastering different cuju skills is not easy. “At the beginning, I spent eight hours a day practicing juggling (颠球) a ball. It was tiring,” Li told China Daily. He now can juggle a ball with his foot over 10,000 times in a row. Teaching students cuju moves is a part of Li’s job. The traditional Chinese sport cuju is now popular at primary and middle schools in Linzi. “Students show great interest in playing cuju. It encourages me to promote the ancient sport,” Li said. 51. Why is Zibo called “the home of soccer ball”? A. Because cuju was born there. B. Because people there love soccer. C. Because there is a branch of FIFA. D. Because modern soccer began there. 52. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A. The way of making cuju. B. The development of cuju. C. The value of cuju to the world. D. The popularity of cuju among the Chinese. 53. In the Ming Dynasty, cuju _______. A. was used to train soldiers B. was enjoyed by the emperors C. became popular among women D. slowly disappeared in people’s lives 54. Which of the following is true about Li Weipeng? A. He is the only inheritor of cuju. B. He thinks it easy to learn cuju skills. C. He now practises cuju eight hours a day. D. He passes down cuju skills to the younger generation. 55. What the best title for the passage? A. Zibo — a city of soccer fans B. Cuju — its yesterday and today C. Soccer — a popular sport in China D. Li Weipeng — a devoted instructor of cuju ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2023年 How cool would it be to have a flying robot? What’s the first thing you would do with it? Maybe send it into battle, or use it to spy (窥探) on your neighbors? Well, this is not just a fantasy anymore. Drones (无人机) are remote-controlled flying robots, and they are getting more popular every day. But is this a good thing for society? The popularity of drones has exploded in recent years as technology has improved and gotten cheaper. A standard drone with a high-quality camera and four helicopter propellers now sells online for just a few hundred US dollars. Drones are extremely useful for making videos because their cameras link directly to phones or tablets. Nowadays, anyone can get professional-looking flyby shots from unique angles. But could this cause problems? Because drones are so affordable, it means that anyone can send a robot flying around the neighborhood. People might be surprised to find a camera floating outside their window. This should be a huge concern for people who care about their privacy. Many governments also invest in drones, but for very different reasons. Some country uses military (军事的) drones for spying. Its most powerful drones, however, are Predator drones, which can fly higher than 15,000 meters at over 300 kilometers per hour. And no, they don’t just take pretty videos. A predator drone can hold 360 kilograms worth of bombs, enough to completely destroy an enemy camp. The soldier controlling the drones sits safely away from the action, so it’s impossible to know for sure who is getting killed. Innocent people might be in danger. Drones are a very new technology and people are still exploring their possible uses. Maybe someday you’ll come up with a new cool way to use your own remote-controlled robot. 51. What’s the function of the first paragraph? A. To introduce the topic. B. To express the writer’s opinion. C. To state the facts about the drones. D. To indicate the advantages of a flying robot. 52. What does the underlined word “exploded” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Broken. B. Disappeared. C. Blown up. D. Increased. 53. What is most likely true about drones you can buy online? A. The most expensive ones are priced too high. B. They can be used to secretly take pictures of people. C. They are useful for making videos from fixed angles. D. They can be used for both photography and military purposes. 54. What is the function of the underlined sentence in paragraph 4? A. It suggests what military drones will do in the future. B. It gives an example of what military drones cannot do. C. It intends to compare military drones and common drones. D. It describes a similarity between military drones and common drones. 55. What is the main idea of the article? A. Using drones can cause confusion to users. B. Using drones is a great way to improve videos. C. Drones have both positive and negative effects. D. Drones are expensive, but really exciting to play with. 2022年 ALLEYN’S SCHOOL PROUD TO SHINE website: www. alleynes. org. uk 1962—2022 ALLEYN’S IS GROWING Alleyn’s School Townley Road, Dulwich, UK office@www. alleynes. org. uk Welcome to Alleyn’s School. Our school is big and it has 600 students aged 13-15. However it only had 100 students and four teachers when it was open on September 10th, 1962. Main Teaching Building The school has a huge yard and next to it is the main teaching building. The building has two floors, with six classrooms on each. In each classroom there is a computer, an overhead projector, and a smart white board. It also has a small reading area with different kinds of books offered by the students. Library Our school library is used for all the reading classes weekly. The members of the reading club can meet here and do some reading after school. School Hall We have a fantastic school hall. It is used for gym, meetings and having lunch. It is the place where we hold many events, such as school plays, concerts, and indoor games. Other rooms We have a well-equipped music room for music lessons, a computer room of thirty-two computers and a large staff room for teachers to have a rest during lunch time. 41. The school has a history of ________ years. A. 600 B. 100 C. 60 D. 15 42. What do we know about the main teaching building? A. It has 12 classrooms in all. B. It lies in the huge school yard. C. It is a three-storied building. D. It lacks modern teaching facilities. 43. What can students do in the school hall? A. Have reading classes. B. Hold concerts. C. Borrow books. D. Play football. 44. Teachers can have a rest during lunch time in the ________. A. computer room B. music room C. reading room D. staff room 45. You can read the passage probably ________. A. on the school website B. in a diary C. in a storybook D. in a notice ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $