新人教版暑假单词突破营 DAY 8（对照百词斩每日30词） -2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

暑假单词突破营DAY 8 一、核心词汇（新人教版必修一） 暑假单词突破营 Constant dripping wears away the stone. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ v. 摧毁；毁灭 evacuate /ɪˈvækjueɪt/ v. 疏散；撤离 helicopter /ˈhelɪkɒptə/ n. 直升机 death /deθ/ n. 死亡；死 affect /əˈfekt/ v. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动 shelter /ˈʃeltə/ n. 隐蔽处，躲避处；庇护；v. 遮蔽，庇护 disaster /dɪˈzɑːstə/ n. 灾难，天灾 tornado /tɔːˈneɪdəʊ/ n. 龙卷风 drought /draʊt/ n. 久旱；干旱 landslide /ˈlændslaɪd/ n. 滑坡；崩塌 landfall /ˈlændfɔːl/ n. 登陆 slide /slaɪd/ v. 滑动，滑行 tsunami /tsuːˈnɑːmi/ n. 海啸 flood /flʌd/ n. 洪水；大量；v. 淹没；大量涌入；（使）灌满水 volcanic eruption 火山爆发 magnitude /ˈmæɡnɪtjuːd/ n. 震级；巨大 rescue /ˈreskjuː/ vt. 营救，解救 damage /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ v. 损害，毁坏； n. 损坏，毁坏，破坏；损失 diet /ˈdaɪət/ n. 节食，规定饮食（为健康或减肥等目的）；日常饮食；v. 节食 make a difference产生影响；有作用 rather /ˈrɑːðə/ adv. 相当；有点儿 rather than而非，而不是 push-up  n. 俯卧撑，伏地挺身 cut out切去；省略；停止（做某事） now and then  时而；偶尔 compare with 与……相比（侧重比较差异） compare to 与……相比；把……比作（侧重比喻） jog /dʒɒɡ/ v. 慢跑；n. 慢跑 stress /stres/ n. 压力；紧迫；重读，重音； v. 强调；重读；使紧张 error /ˈerə/ n. 错误，过失；谬误 二、高频固定搭配与词族拓展 【核心搭配】 destroy oneself 毁了自己 evacuate from 从……撤离 evacuate to 疏散到…… affect sb/sth 影响某人/某事 take shelter from 躲避…… under shelter 在庇护下 natural disaster 自然灾害 rescue sb from 从……中营救某人 do/cause damage to 对……造成损害 be on a diet 在节食 go on a diet 开始节食 make a difference to 对……产生影响 rather than 而非（连接并列成分） cut out (doing) sth 停止（做）某事；切去 now and then 偶尔，时而 compare A with B 把A和B相比较（找差异） compare A to B 把A比作B（找相似） compared with/to 与……相比（常用作状语） under stress 在压力下 stress the importance of 强调……的重要性 make an error 犯错误 【词形变换】 destroy (v.) → destruction (n.) → destructive (adj. 破坏性的) evacuate (v.) → evacuation (n.) die (v.) → death (n.) → dead (adj.) → dying (adj. 垂死的) affect (v.) → affection (n.) → affectionate (adj.) disaster (n.) → disastrous (adj. 灾难性的) rescue (v./n.) → rescuer (n. 救援者) damage (v./n.) → damaging (adj. 有害的，破坏性的) compare (v.) → comparison (n.) stress (n./v.) → stressful (adj. 有压力的) → stressed (adj. 感到压力的) error (n.) → erroneous (adj. 错误的) 三、短文翻译练习（原文三篇，请翻译成中文） Passage 1 · 自然灾害 Natural disasters such as tornadoes, tsunamis, floods, and volcanic eruptions can cause great damage to human life and property. Last year, a powerful tornado struck a small town, destroying hundreds of houses. The magnitude of the disaster was beyond imagination. The local government ordered everyone to evacuate immediately. Helicopters were sent to rescue people who were trapped. Many people lost their lives, and the death toll rose quickly. The flood that followed the storm affected more than 10,000 people. Those who survived took shelter in temporary camps. Landslides also occurred in the mountainous areas, as heavy rain caused mud and rocks to slide down the hills. The hurricane made landfall on the coast early in the morning. The whole country was shocked by the news. Compared with previous disasters, this one was rather more serious. However, the brave rescue workers never gave up, and their efforts made a difference to the victims‘ lives. Passage 2 · 健康与生活方式 In modern society, more and more people are paying attention to their health and diet. Some choose to go on a diet to lose weight, while others prefer to eat healthy food rather than junk food. Now and then, I go jogging in the park to keep fit. I also do push-ups every morning to build up my strength. My teacher often stresses the importance of a balanced diet and regular exercise. She says that comparing your eating habits with those of healthy people can help you find areas for improvement. We should cut out sugary drinks and snacks from our daily diet. Compared to sitting in front of the computer all day, taking a walk after dinner is much better for our health. Even a small change in our daily routine can make a difference. I used to feel a lot of stress about my studies, but now I manage it better by exercising regularly. I believe that a healthy lifestyle not only improves our physical fitness but also gives us a positive attitude towards life. Passage 3 · 从错误中成长 As a freshman in high school, I have made many errors in my studies. At first, I felt annoyed and confused about these mistakes. I often pretended that everything was fine, but deep inside, I was anxious about my grades. One day, my English teacher told me, “Don‘t be afraid of making errors. Even the greatest masters make mistakes now and then. The key is to learn from them rather than give up.” Her words made sense to me. I decided to focus on improving my weak points rather than hiding my errors. I started to compare my answers with the correct ones and tried to understand why I went wrong. I also cut out bad study habits, like staying up late and skipping breakfast. Now and then, I review my past mistakes to avoid repeating them. This approach has made a difference to my grades. I now realise that failure is not the end of the world. Even if I make mistakes, I can always learn and grow. I have become more confident and less stressed about exams. 四、选词填空（两组，每组10空，请从各自方框中选择并适当形式填空） Group A 备选词（请选填其中10个，注意时态/语态变化）： destroy, evacuate, helicopter, death, affect, shelter, disaster, tornado, drought, landslide, landfall, slide, tsunami, flood, volcanic eruption, magnitude, rescue, damage 1. The __________ of the earthquake reached 7.2 on the Richter scale, causing widespread panic. 2. The government ordered the __________ of all residents within 5 kilometres of the volcano. 3. The heavy rain caused a __________ that blocked the mountain road for three days. 4. The hurricane __________ the coastal city, leaving thousands of people homeless. 5. Many people lost their lives in the natural __________, and the whole nation mourned. 6. The strong earthquake __________ many buildings, turning them into ruins. 7. The __________ carried the injured people to the nearest hospital. 8. The terrible __________ of the soldiers deeply moved everyone who heard the story. 9. The local people took __________ in the school gymnasium during the storm. 10. The long __________ caused crops to fail and many farmers to suffer. Group B 备选词（请选填其中10个，注意时态/语态变化）： diet, make a difference, rather, rather than, push-up, cut out, now and then, compare with, compare to, jog, stress, error 11. Doing __________ every morning helps build up your arm muscles. 12. She decided to go on a __________ to lose weight before the summer vacation. 13. I __________ go for a walk in the evening to relax my mind. 14. Everyone makes __________ in their studies, but the key is to learn from them. 15. The teacher __________ the importance of taking notes carefully in class. 16. I prefer to read books __________ watch TV because I can learn more. 17. __________ your answers __________ the model answers to find out where you went wrong. 18. If we don’t protect the environment, future generations will suffer. We must __________. 19. The writer __________ the lake __________ a mirror in her poem. 20. I need to __________ sugary drinks from my diet to stay healthy. 五、单词填空（共14小题，含首字母填空和单句语法填空） Part A 首字母填空（根据句意及首字母补全单词） 21. The v__________ eruption covered the whole town with ash and lava. 22. The r__________ workers saved 30 people from the burning building. 23. The t__________ hit the coastal area, causing huge waves up to 10 metres high. 24. The d__________ in this area lasted for six months, and many rivers dried up. 25. The heavy rain caused a f__________ that destroyed many bridges. 26. We should learn from our e__________ and not repeat them. 27. J__________ is a good way to keep fit without putting too much pressure on your knees. 28. The teacher s__________ that we should finish our homework on time. Part B 单句语法填空（用所给词的正确形式填空） 29. The flood caused great __________ (destroy) to the village. 30. The noise outside __________ (affect) my ability to concentrate on my studies. 31. The rescuer __________ (evacuate) the old woman from the burning house. 32. He felt __________ (stress) about the coming exam because he hadn’t prepared well. 33. The city suffered serious __________ (damage) in the earthquake. 34. Compared __________ his brother, he is much more hardworking. 六、单词默写（汉译英） 摧毁；毁灭 __________ 疏散；撤离 __________ 直升机 __________ 死亡；死 __________ 影响；深深打动 __________ 隐蔽处；庇护 __________ 灾难，天灾 __________ 龙卷风 __________ 久旱；干旱 __________ 滑坡；崩塌 __________ 登陆 __________ 滑动，滑行 __________ 海啸 __________ 洪水；淹没 __________ 火山爆发 __________ 震级；巨大 __________ 营救，解救 __________ 损害，毁坏 __________ 节食；日常饮食 __________ 产生影响 __________ 相当；有点儿 __________ 而非，而不是 __________ 俯卧撑 __________ 切去；停止（做某事） __________ 时而；偶尔 __________ 与……相比（找差异） __________ 与……相比；比作（找相似） __________ 慢跑 __________ 压力；强调 __________ 错误，过失 __________ 【参考答案】 一、短文翻译参考译文 Passage 1 译文 自然灾害，如龙卷风、海啸、洪水和火山爆发，会对人类生命和财产造成巨大损害。去年，一场强烈的龙卷风袭击了一个小镇，摧毁了数百座房屋。这场灾难的规模超乎想象。当地政府命令所有人立即撤离。直升机被派去营救被困人员。许多人失去了生命，死亡人数迅速上升。暴风雨之后的洪水影响了一万多人。幸存者在临时营地躲避灾难。山区也发生了滑坡，因为大雨导致泥土和岩石从山上滑落。飓风于清晨在海岸登陆。全国都被这一消息震惊了。与之前的灾难相比，这次要严重得多。然而，勇敢的救援人员从未放弃，他们的努力对受害者的生活产生了影响。 Passage 2 译文 在现代社会，越来越多的人关注健康和饮食。有些人选择节食减肥，而另一些人则更喜欢吃健康食品而不是垃圾食品。我偶尔去公园慢跑以保持健康。我也每天早上做俯卧撑来增强力量。我的老师经常强调均衡饮食和规律运动的重要性。她说，把你的饮食习惯和健康人的饮食习惯相比较可以帮助你找到需要改进的地方。我们应该从日常饮食中剔除含糖饮料和零食。与整天坐在电脑前相比，晚饭后散步对健康要好得多。即使是我们日常生活中的一个小改变也能产生影响。我以前对学习感到很大压力，但现在通过规律运动我处理得更好了。我相信健康的生活方式不仅能提高我们的身体素质，还能给我们带来积极的生活态度。 Passage 3 译文 作为高一新生，我在学习中犯了很多错误。起初，我对这些错误感到烦恼和困惑。我经常假装一切都很好，但内心深处我对自己的成绩感到焦虑。有一天，我的英语老师告诉我：“不要害怕犯错误。即使是最伟大的大师也会偶尔犯错。关键是从中学习，而不是放弃。”她的话很有道理。我决定专注于提高我的弱项，而不是隐藏我的错误。我开始把我的答案和正确答案进行比较，并试图理解我错在哪里。我还改掉了不好的学习习惯，比如熬夜和不吃早餐。我偶尔回顾过去的错误以避免重蹈覆辙。这种方法对我的成绩产生了影响。我现在意识到失败并不是世界末日。即使我犯了错误，我总能学习和成长。我对考试变得更加自信，压力也更小了。 二、选词填空答案 Group A magnitude（震级） evacuation（疏散，名词） landslide（滑坡） destroyed（摧毁，一般过去时） disaster（灾难） destroyed（摧毁，一般过去时） helicopter（直升机） death（死亡，名词） shelter（躲避，名词） drought（干旱） Group B push-ups（俯卧撑，复数） diet（节食） now and then（偶尔） errors（错误，复数） stresses（强调，第三人称单数） rather than（而不是） Compare ... with（比较，找差异） make a difference（产生影响） compared ... to（把……比作） cut out（停止/去除） 三、单词填空答案 Part A 首字母填空 volcanic（火山的） rescue（救援） tsunami（海啸） drought（干旱） flood（洪水） errors（错误） Jogging（慢跑，动名词作主语） stressed（强调，一般过去时） Part B 单句语法填空 destruction（破坏，名词） affects（影响，一般现在时，第三人称单数） evacuated（疏散，一般过去时） stressed（感到压力的，修饰人用 -ed） damage（损害，不可数名词） with/to（compared with/to 都可以，表示与……相比） $