新人教版暑假单词突破营 DAY 8（对照百词斩每日30词） -2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

暑假单词突破营DAY 8

一、核心词汇（新人教版必修一）

destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ v. 摧毁；毁灭

evacuate /ɪˈvækjueɪt/ v. 疏散；撤离

helicopter /ˈhelɪkɒptə/ n. 直升机

death /deθ/ n. 死亡；死

affect /əˈfekt/ v. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动

shelter /ˈʃeltə/ n. 隐蔽处，躲避处；庇护；v. 遮蔽，庇护

disaster /dɪˈzɑːstə/ n. 灾难，天灾

tornado /tɔːˈneɪdəʊ/ n. 龙卷风

drought /draʊt/ n. 久旱；干旱

landslide /ˈlændslaɪd/ n. 滑坡；崩塌

landfall /ˈlændfɔːl/ n. 登陆

slide /slaɪd/ v. 滑动，滑行

tsunami /tsuːˈnɑːmi/ n. 海啸

flood /flʌd/ n. 洪水；大量；v. 淹没；大量涌入；（使）灌满水

volcanic eruption 火山爆发

magnitude /ˈmæɡnɪtjuːd/ n. 震级；巨大

rescue /ˈreskjuː/ vt. 营救，解救

damage /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ v. 损害，毁坏；

n. 损坏，毁坏，破坏；损失

diet /ˈdaɪət/ n. 节食，规定饮食（为健康或减肥等目的）；日常饮食；v. 节食

make a difference产生影响；有作用

rather /ˈrɑːðə/ adv. 相当；有点儿

rather than而非，而不是

push-up   n. 俯卧撑，伏地挺身

cut out切去；省略；停止（做某事）

now and then  时而；偶尔

compare with 与……相比（侧重比较差异）

compare to 与……相比；把……比作（侧重比喻）

jog /dʒɒɡ/ v. 慢跑；n. 慢跑

stress /stres/ n. 压力；紧迫；重读，重音；

v. 强调；重读；使紧张

error /ˈerə/ n. 错误，过失；谬误

 

二、高频固定搭配与词族拓展

【核心搭配】

destroy oneself 毁了自己

evacuate from 从……撤离

evacuate to 疏散到……

affect sb/sth 影响某人/某事

take shelter from 躲避……

under shelter 在庇护下

natural disaster 自然灾害

rescue sb from 从……中营救某人

do/cause damage to 对……造成损害

be on a diet 在节食

go on a diet 开始节食

make a difference to 对……产生影响

rather than 而非（连接并列成分）

cut out (doing) sth 停止（做）某事；切去

now and then 偶尔，时而

compare A with B 把A和B相比较（找差异）

compare A to B 把A比作B（找相似）

compared with/to 与……相比（常用作状语）

under stress 在压力下

stress the importance of 强调……的重要性

make an error 犯错误

 

【词形变换】

destroy (v.) → destruction (n.) → destructive (adj. 破坏性的)

evacuate (v.) → evacuation (n.)

die (v.) → death (n.) → dead (adj.) → dying (adj. 垂死的)

affect (v.) → affection (n.) → affectionate (adj.)

disaster (n.) → disastrous (adj. 灾难性的)

rescue (v./n.) → rescuer (n. 救援者)

damage (v./n.) → damaging (adj. 有害的，破坏性的)

compare (v.) → comparison (n.)

stress (n./v.) → stressful (adj. 有压力的) → stressed (adj. 感到压力的)

error (n.) → erroneous (adj. 错误的)

 

三、短文翻译练习（原文三篇，请翻译成中文）

Passage 1 · 自然灾害

Natural disasters such as tornadoes, tsunamis, floods, and volcanic eruptions can cause great damage to human life and property. Last year, a powerful tornado struck a small town, destroying hundreds of houses. The magnitude of the disaster was beyond imagination. The local government ordered everyone to evacuate immediately. Helicopters were sent to rescue people who were trapped. Many people lost their lives, and the death toll rose quickly. The flood that followed the storm affected more than 10,000 people. Those who survived took shelter in temporary camps. Landslides also occurred in the mountainous areas, as heavy rain caused mud and rocks to slide down the hills. The hurricane made landfall on the coast early in the morning. The whole country was shocked by the news. Compared with previous disasters, this one was rather more serious. However, the brave rescue workers never gave up, and their efforts made a difference to the victims‘ lives.

 

Passage 2 · 健康与生活方式

In modern society, more and more people are paying attention to their health and diet. Some choose to go on a diet to lose weight, while others prefer to eat healthy food rather than junk food. Now and then, I go jogging in the park to keep fit. I also do push-ups every morning to build up my strength. My teacher often stresses the importance of a balanced diet and regular exercise. She says that comparing your eating habits with those of healthy people can help you find areas for improvement. We should cut out sugary drinks and snacks from our daily diet. Compared to sitting in front of the computer all day, taking a walk after dinner is much better for our health. Even a small change in our daily routine can make a difference. I used to feel a lot of stress about my studies, but now I manage it better by exercising regularly. I believe that a healthy lifestyle not only improves our physical fitness but also gives us a positive attitude towards life.

 

Passage 3 · 从错误中成长

As a freshman in high school, I have made many errors in my studies. At first, I felt annoyed and confused about these mistakes. I often pretended that everything was fine, but deep inside, I was anxious about my grades. One day, my English teacher told me, “Don‘t be afraid of

making errors. Even the greatest masters make mistakes now and then. The key is to learn from them rather than give up.” Her words made sense to me. I decided to focus on improving my weak points rather than hiding my errors. I started to compare my answers with the correct ones and tried to understand why I went wrong. I also cut out bad study habits, like staying up late and skipping breakfast. Now and then, I review my past mistakes to avoid repeating them. This approach has made a difference to my grades. I now realise that failure is not the end of the world. Even if I make mistakes, I can always learn and grow. I have become more confident and less stressed about exams.

 

四、选词填空（两组，每组10空，请从各自方框中选择并适当形式填空）

Group A

备选词（请选填其中10个，注意时态/语态变化）：
destroy, evacuate, helicopter, death, affect, shelter, disaster, tornado, drought, landslide, landfall, slide, tsunami, flood, volcanic eruption, magnitude, rescue, damage

1. The __________ of the earthquake reached 7.2 on the Richter scale, causing widespread panic.
2. The government ordered the __________ of all residents within 5 kilometres of the volcano.
3. The heavy rain caused a __________ that blocked the mountain road for three days.
4. The hurricane __________ the coastal city, leaving thousands of people homeless.
5. Many people lost their lives in the natural __________, and the whole nation mourned.
6. The strong earthquake __________ many buildings, turning them into ruins.
7. The __________ carried the injured people to the nearest hospital.
8. The terrible __________ of the soldiers deeply moved everyone who heard the story.
9. The local people took __________ in the school gymnasium during the storm.
10. The long __________ caused crops to fail and many farmers to suffer.

 

Group B

备选词（请选填其中10个，注意时态/语态变化）：
diet, make a difference, rather, rather than, push-up, cut out, now and then, compare with, compare to, jog, stress, error

11. Doing __________ every morning helps build up your arm muscles.
12. She decided to go on a __________ to lose weight before the summer vacation.
13. I __________ go for a walk in the evening to relax my mind.
14. Everyone makes __________ in their studies, but the key is to learn from them.
15. The teacher __________ the importance of taking notes carefully in class.
16. I prefer to read books __________ watch TV because I can learn more.
17. __________ your answers __________ the model answers to find out where you went wrong.
18. If we don’t protect the environment, future generations will suffer. We must __________.
19. The writer __________ the lake __________ a mirror in her poem.
20. I need to __________ sugary drinks from my diet to stay healthy.

五、单词填空（共14小题，含首字母填空和单句语法填空）

Part A 首字母填空（根据句意及首字母补全单词）

21. The v__________ eruption covered the whole town with ash and lava.
22. The r__________ workers saved 30 people from the burning building.
23. The t__________ hit the coastal area, causing huge waves up to 10 metres high.
24. The d__________ in this area lasted for six months, and many rivers dried up.
25. The heavy rain caused a f__________ that destroyed many bridges.
26. We should learn from our e__________ and not repeat them.
27. J__________ is a good way to keep fit without putting too much pressure on your knees.
28. The teacher s__________ that we should finish our homework on time.

Part B 单句语法填空（用所给词的正确形式填空）

29. The flood caused great __________ (destroy) to the village.
30. The noise outside __________ (affect) my ability to concentrate on my studies.
31. The rescuer __________ (evacuate) the old woman from the burning house.
32. He felt __________ (stress) about the coming exam because he hadn’t prepared well.
33. The city suffered serious __________ (damage) in the earthquake.
34. Compared __________ his brother, he is much more hardworking.

 

六、单词默写（汉译英）

摧毁；毁灭 __________

疏散；撤离 __________

直升机 __________

死亡；死 __________

影响；深深打动 __________

隐蔽处；庇护 __________

灾难，天灾 __________

龙卷风 __________

久旱；干旱 __________

滑坡；崩塌 __________

登陆 __________

滑动，滑行 __________

海啸 __________

洪水；淹没 __________

火山爆发 __________

震级；巨大 __________

营救，解救 __________

损害，毁坏 __________

节食；日常饮食 __________

产生影响 __________

相当；有点儿 __________

而非，而不是 __________

俯卧撑 __________

切去；停止（做某事） __________

时而；偶尔 __________

与……相比（找差异） __________

与……相比；比作（找相似） __________

慢跑 __________

压力；强调 __________

错误，过失 __________