Unit 7 Reading Mark Twain 品读马克・吐温（单元阅读精练）英语新教材沪教版九年级上册

**基本信息** 以马克・吐温作品为核心，融合时文、真题与模拟演练，构建“经典文学赏析-阅读能力训练-现实应用拓展”的知识逻辑链，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |时文阅读|2篇（夹叙夹议议论文、事理说明文）|外刊阅读理解，450词左右|从吐温作品风格与象征意义切入，培养文学分析与社会思考能力| |真题示例|2篇（文学记叙文、科普说明文）|中考阅读理解，340-360词|精选中考真题，强化细节理解与推理判断，衔接考点| |模拟演练|5篇（议论文等多体裁）|含信息匹配、阅读还原，260-380词|覆盖中考题型，从经典情节迁移至阅读价值、现代阅读方式，提升综合语言运用能力|

Unit 7 Reading Mark Twain 品读马克・吐温（新教材沪教版） 单元阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage A 外刊阅读理解 夹叙夹议议论文 472 介绍青少年阅读马克・吐温的价值，结合《汤姆・索亚历险记》《哈克贝利・费恩历险记》，分析其幽默讽刺的写作风格与深层社会思考 Passage B 外刊阅读理解 事理说明文 458 以马克・吐温童年经历为切入点，解读小说中密西西比河的象征意义，倡导通过阅读学会独立思考、自我反思 真题示例 Passage 1 中考阅读理解 文学记叙文 约 360 节选自《布鲁克林有棵树》，讲述家境贫寒的女孩弗兰西痴迷读书，坚持每日阅读，心怀拥有满屋书籍的美好憧憬 Passage 2 中考阅读理解 科普说明文 约 340 对比有声书与纸质书，引用神经科学实验证明二者记忆效果相近，同时指出边听书边分心会降低学习效率 模拟演练 Passage 1 模拟中考阅读理解 议论文 约 280 依托汤姆刷栅栏的经典情节，阐明面对枯燥任务时抱怨毫无意义，调整心态才能收获更好体验 Passage 2 模拟中考阅读理解 成长记叙文 约 330 讲述精力旺盛的男孩被母亲安排读书，逐渐爱上各类儿童小说，明白好书既能消遣又能增长见识 Passage 3 模拟中考阅读理解 科普议论文 约 380 结合剑桥大学等多项研究，从大脑发育、共情能力、创造力、社交联结四方面讲解阅读的多重好处 Passage 4 信息匹配（六选五） 书籍介绍应用文 约 260 给出五位学生不同阅读喜好，匹配马克・吐温、《夏洛的网》《金银岛》等六部经典儿童文学 Passage 5 阅读还原（六选五） 综合说明文 约 290 阐述阅读安抚情绪、解决困惑的作用，同时介绍 5G 与 AI 技术催生有声书，探讨新型阅读方式 1. A reader lives a thousand lives before he dies. The man who never reads lives only one. – George R.R. Martin 读书之人一生历经千种人生，从不读书的人只活过自己一世。—— 乔治・R・R・马丁 2. Read not to contradict and confute, nor to believe and take for granted, but to weigh and consider. – Francis Bacon 读书不为辩驳、不盲从轻信，而是为权衡思辨。—— 弗朗西斯・培根 3. Reading good books is like having a conversation with the finest minds of past centuries. – René Descartes 品读佳作，如同与历代先贤倾心交谈。—— 勒内・笛卡尔 4. Books are a uniquely portable magic. – Stephen King 书籍是一种独一无二、随身携带的魔法。—— 斯蒂芬・金 5. If you only read the books that everyone else reads, you can only think what everyone else thinks. – Haruki Murakami 若只读众人都读的书，你的思想便只会与众人雷同。—— 村上春树 6. In reading great literature I become a thousand men and yet remain myself. – C.S. Lewis 品读伟大文学，我化身千万人，却依然保有自我。——C.S. 刘易斯 7. The more you read, the more things you will know. The more you learn, the more places you’ll travel. – Dr. Seuss 读得越多，见识越广；学得越多，心灵抵达的远方越辽阔。—— 苏斯博士 8. My alma mater was books, a good library. – Malcolm X 我的母校，是书本，是一座藏书丰富的图书馆。—— 马尔科姆・X 9. It does not matter how many books you read, but how deeply you read them. – Mark Twain 读书不在数量多寡，而在于是否读懂深意。—— 马克・吐温 10. We read books to find out who we are. – Ursula K. Le Guin 我们读书，是为找寻真实的自己。—— 厄休拉・勒奎恩 11. Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. – Francis Bacon 读书使人充实，交谈使人机敏，写作使人严谨。—— 弗朗西斯・培根 12. Something very magical can happen when you read a good book. – J.K. Rowling 当你品读一本好书，奇妙的魔力便会悄然发生。——J.K. 罗琳 Passage A Humor Hides Deep Truths Source: British Council LearnEnglish Teens, 2026-04-30 If you want one writer to teach you humor, honesty and social observation at the same time, Mark Twain is the best choice for teenage readers. Most students first meet him through Tom Sawyer’s famous fence-painting trick, but his full value lies in how he mixes funny plots with serious thoughts that still matter to young people today. Twain spent his early life working as a riverboat pilot, journalist and gold miner. All these jobs gave him rich real-life material. He met people from every social class: wealthy landowners, poor street boys, hard-working slaves and dishonest politicians. He recorded their words and lives into novels and short stories such as The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County. This short story uses a funny frog competition to make fun of talkative liars and empty small-town pride. A key reason to read Twain is his unique satire. Satire means using jokes to point out society’s mistakes. Unlike writers who give long serious speeches, Twain wraps criticism inside light adventures. In Huckleberry Finn, the river represents freedom, while towns stand for rigid, unfair traditions. Huck’s struggle between following the law and protecting Jim makes teenagers discuss equality and sympathy naturally, without heavy moral lessons. Many teachers worry old classics feel distant to modern teens, but Twain’s characters feel alive even now. Tom hates strict school rules and wants freedom; Huck feels lonely and confused by grown-ups’ double standards. Every teenager can find a little of themselves in these two boys. When we read their adventures, we not only laugh at their silly tricks but also reflect on peer pressure, unfair rules and true friendship. Reading Twain trains two important skills: enjoying light literature and thinking beyond the plot. After finishing his stories, readers will start noticing small hypocrisies in daily life and dare to question unreasonable customs. Humor is Twain’s tool, but his real gift to readers is courage—to see the truth clearly and treat every person equally, no matter their race or social position. 长难句解析 原句：（第三段第四句）In Huckleberry Finn, the river represents freedom, while towns stand for rigid, unfair traditions. Huck’s struggle between following the law and protecting Jim makes teenagers discuss equality and sympathy naturally, without heavy moral lessons. 译文：在《哈克贝利・费恩历险记》中，河流象征自由，城镇则代表刻板不公的传统。哈克一边要遵守法律，一边想要保护吉姆，这种内心挣扎能让青少年自然而然地探讨平等与共情，无需生硬的说教。 分析：第一句 while 引导对比状语从句；第二句为主谓宾简单句，between following the law and protecting Jim 作后置定语修饰 struggle；without 引导介词短语作伴随状语。 译文 幽默之下藏真知 来源：British Council LearnEnglish Teens, 2026-04-30 如果你想找一位作家，同时教会你幽默、真诚与社会洞察力，马克・吐温是青少年读者的最佳人选。大多数学生最先通过汤姆刷栅栏的经典桥段认识他，但他作品的全部价值，在于他将趣味情节与深刻思想融为一体，这些思想至今仍对年轻人极具意义。 马克・吐温早年做过内河领航员、记者与淘金工人。这些经历为他积累了丰富的现实创作素材。他接触过各个社会阶层的人：富裕的农场主、贫苦街头少年、辛勤劳作的黑奴、虚伪政客。他把这些人的言行与人生写进长篇小说和短篇故事，比如《卡拉维拉斯县驰名的跳蛙》。这篇短篇小说借助一场滑稽的赛蛙比赛，讽刺夸夸其谈的说谎者与小镇虚无的虚荣心。 阅读马克・吐温的一大核心原因，是他独有的讽刺笔法。讽刺，即用玩笑揭露社会弊病。有些作家会长篇大论、严肃说教，马克・吐温却把批判藏在轻松的冒险故事里。在《哈克贝利・费恩历险记》中，河流象征自由，城镇则代表刻板不公的传统。哈克一边要遵守法律，一边想要保护吉姆，这种内心挣扎能让青少年自然而然地探讨平等与共情，无需生硬的说教。 很多老师担心经典老作与当代青少年脱节，但马克・吐温笔下的人物至今鲜活立体。汤姆反感严苛校规、向往自由；哈克内心孤独，对成年人的双重标准充满困惑。每个少年都能在两个男孩身上看见自己的影子。阅读他们的冒险故事时，我们不仅会为各种顽皮把戏发笑，还会反思同辈压力、不公规则与真挚友谊。 品读马克・吐温能锻炼两项重要能力：欣赏通俗文学，以及跳出故事情节深度思考。读完他的作品，读者会开始留意日常生活中细微的虚伪，敢于质疑不合理的世俗惯例。幽默只是马克・吐温的表达工具，他赠予读者真正的礼物是勇气 —— 看清真相，无论对方种族、出身，平等善待每一个人。 Passage B Discover Ourselves Through Mark Twain’s Stories Source: Smithsonian Education, 2026-06-02 Reading Mark Twain is like taking a trip back to 19th-century Mississippi, walking alongside two ordinary boys who dare to follow their hearts. Many young readers only notice the funny adventures in his novels, but the greatest reward of reading Twain is self-reflection. Twain’s own childhood in Hannibal, Missouri provided all his main characters. As a boy, he disliked strict school and strict grown-up orders, just like Tom Sawyer. He watched poor children and enslaved people suffer unfair treatment, and those memories grew into Huck and Jim’s river journey. The Mississippi River becomes a special symbol in his writing: away from towns’ strict rules, boys can be honest and free, and different people can treat each other with real respect. For modern teenagers, the conflict in Huckleberry Finn is still meaningful. Huck is told to turn Jim in according to local customs, but he chooses to help his friend escape. This difficult choice teaches readers that popular ideas are not always correct. Twain never forces readers to accept a fixed opinion; he creates situations and lets us judge right and wrong by ourselves. His short works are perfect for beginners. Advice to Youth uses ironic jokes to criticize meaningless adult lectures. He pretends to give standard moral guidance, then twists every rule to show how fake many social requirements are. This style teaches teens not to accept words blindly but to think independently. Reading Mark Twain does not require complex background knowledge. You only need an open mind to laugh with his characters and feel their inner struggles. Through his words, we learn to value freedom, cherish true friendship and judge people by their hearts rather than their status. Over a hundred years later, Twain’s stories still speak directly to every young person searching for their own sense of right and wrong. 长难句解析 原句：（第一段第一句）Reading Mark Twain is like taking a trip back to 19th-century Mississippi, walking alongside two ordinary boys who dare to follow their hearts. 译文：阅读马克・吐温的作品，仿佛重回 19 世纪密西西比河畔，与两个遵从本心的普通少年并肩同行。 分析：复合句。主句主干 Reading Mark Twain is like taking a trip；walking alongside 为现在分词伴随状语；who 引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 two ordinary boys。 译文 在马克・吐温的故事中读懂自我 来源：Smithsonian Education, 2026-06-02 阅读马克・吐温的作品，仿佛重回 19 世纪密西西比河畔，与两个遵从本心的普通少年并肩同行。许多年轻读者只留意书中趣味冒险，但品读吐温作品最大的收获，是学会自我反思。 马克・吐温在密苏里州汉尼拔小镇度过的童年，为他塑造了全部核心人物。少年时的他反感严苛的校园管束与成人刻板指令，汤姆・索亚便是他的缩影。他亲眼目睹贫困孩童与黑奴遭受不公对待，这段记忆化作哈克与吉姆的河畔旅途。密西西比河在他笔下成为特殊象征：远离城镇僵化规矩，少年才能活得坦诚自由，不同身份的人也能彼此真诚相待。 对于当代青少年而言，《哈克贝利・费恩历险记》里的矛盾依旧具有现实意义。当地习俗要求哈克举报逃亡黑奴吉姆，可他选择帮助好友脱身。这个艰难抉择告诉读者：大众公认的道理未必就是真理。吐温从不强迫读者接受固定观点，他创设种种情境，让我们独立分辨是非对错。 他的短篇作品十分适合文学入门者。《给青年的忠告》通篇使用反讽，批判空洞乏味的说教。他假意宣讲正统道德准则，再逐一推翻，揭露诸多世俗规矩的虚伪。这种写作风格教会青少年拒绝盲从，培养独立思考能力。 读懂马克・吐温无需繁杂的历史背景知识，只需要一颗包容的心，与书中人物同欢笑、共共情，体会他们内心的挣扎。透过文字，我们学会珍视自由、守护真挚友谊，以本心而非身份地位评判他人。百余年后，吐温的故事依旧直击每一个年轻人内心 —— 我们都在苦苦寻找属于自己的是非标尺。 1. Reading Mark Twain’s works is a wonderful journey mixing fun adventures with deep thoughts about humanity and society. 阅读马克・吐温的作品，是一场奇妙旅程，有趣冒险与关于人性、社会的深刻思考交织在一起。 2. Behind Twain’s light humor lies sharp satire that helps teenagers see through unfair social customs. 吐温轻松幽默的文字背后是犀利讽刺，帮助青少年看透种种不公的世俗惯例。 3. Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn are more than fictional boys; they mirror every teenager’s desire for freedom and sincere friendship. 汤姆・索亚与哈克不只是虚构少年，他们映照出每个青少年对自由与真挚友情的渴望。 4. The Mississippi River in his novels stands for freedom, far away from rigid rules and grown-ups’ double standards. 书中的密西西比河象征自由，远离刻板规矩与成年人的双重标准。 5. Instead of preaching moral lessons, Twain creates vivid stories to let readers judge right and wrong independently. 吐温从不生硬说教，而是塑造鲜活故事，让读者自主分辨是非对错。 6. Reading The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn teaches us that personal conscience sometimes outweighs outdated social rules. 品读《哈克贝利・费恩历险记》让我们明白，个人良知有时胜过陈旧的社会规则。 7. Twain drew rich writing materials from his own life experience, making his characters real and touching for modern teens. 吐温从自身经历汲取丰富创作素材，笔下人物鲜活动人，当代少年依然能产生共鸣。 8. Short pieces like Advice to Youth use irony to expose hypocrisy and train us to think without blind obedience. 《给青年的忠告》等短篇巧用反讽揭露虚伪，教会我们独立思考、拒绝盲从。 9. It takes no complicated historical knowledge to understand Twain; all we need is an open heart to feel his characters’ struggles. 读懂吐温无需繁杂历史知识，只需一颗包容之心，共情人物内心的挣扎。 10. Each laugh we get from Twain’s funny plots carries a quiet question worth thinking deeply about. 我们为他有趣情节发笑时，每一份笑声背后都藏着值得深思的拷问。 11. Reading Twain shapes two vital abilities: appreciating light literature and reflecting on the world around us. 品读吐温能塑造两种重要能力：欣赏通俗文学，以及反思周遭世界。 12. More than a century later, Twain’s ideas about equality and kindness still speak straight to young readers. 百余年过去，吐温关于平等与善良的思想，依旧直击年轻读者内心。 13. Twain’s simple daily language makes classics easy to accept, breaking teenagers’ prejudice against old novels. 吐温质朴通俗的日常语言降低经典阅读门槛，打破青少年对老式小说的偏见。 14. By following Huck’s choice to protect Jim, we learn to judge people by their hearts rather than their social status. 跟随哈克守护吉姆的选择，我们学会以本心评判他人，而非凭身份地位。 15. Reading Mark Twain does not merely entertain us; it encourages us to observe life honestly and stick to what we believe is right. 阅读马克・吐温不只是消遣，更激励我们坦诚观察生活，坚守心中正义。 Passage 1 （2026·江苏扬州·中考真题）It was 1912, in the Williamsburg section of Brooklyn, New York. Francie Nolan and her younger brother, Neeley, spent Saturday collecting and selling paper, metal, rubber and other junk for money. They spent half of the money and brought half home to their parents. Francie’s home was in a third-floor walk-up flat in the shadow of the hardy ailanthus tree, the “only tree that grew out of cement (水泥),” a tree “that liked poor people.” ... It was two o’clock. Francie walked towards the library. The library was a little old place. Francie thought that all the books in the world were in that library and she planned to read all the books in the world. She was reading a book a day in alphabetical (按字母表顺序的) order, even the boring ones. She had been reading a book a day for a long time now and she was still in the B’s. On the librarian’s desk stood a neat row of freshly sharpened pencils and the returned books waiting to be put back. “When I have my own home, I’ll have a desk like this, with pencils, ‘always ready for writing,’ and books...books...books...” Saturdays were different. She treated herself by reading a book not in the alphabetical order. On that day, she asked the librarian to recommend a book. “Could you recommend a good book for a girl?” “How old?” The librarian did not even look up. “She is eleven.” The librarian never knew the little girl who took a book out every day and two on Saturday. Francie hurried home, holding the books close. The story of Francois Villon was more wonderful each time she read it. Sometimes she worried the book would be lost in the library. She had once started copying the book in a two-cent notebook. “When I grow up, I’ll work hard, save money and buy every single book I like.” Now it was her weekly fire-escape-sitting time. She put glass, candy and book on the windowsill and climbed out on the fire-escape (安全梯). Once out there, she was living in a tree. Francie breathed the warm air, watched the dancing leaf shadows, ate the candy and drank the cooled water in-between reading. The afternoon passed. 1. What can you learn from the first paragraph? A．How old Francie Nolan was. B．What Francie’s parents did for a living. C．What kind of family Francie came from. D．How much Francie and her brother made. 2. What is Francie’s favorite thing to do? A．Collecting materials for recycling. B．Chatting with the librarian. C．Reading books. D．Watching leaves. 3. Which of the following is true about Francie’s reading habits? A．Copying each book she finished reading. B．Collecting her favorite books in her study. C．Reading every book in the library from Z through A． D．Reading a book not in the order of the letters on Saturday. 4. Which of the following can best describe Francie Nolan? A．Strong-willed and hopeful. B．Brave and fashionable. C．Hard-working and humorous. D．Curious and creative. 一、重难词汇（12 个） section /ˈsekʃn/n. 片区，区域 junk /dʒʌŋk/n. 废品，废旧杂物 walk-up /ˈwɔːk ʌp/adj. 无电梯的（公寓） hardy /ˈhɑːdi/adj. 生命力顽强的 cement /sɪˈment/n. 水泥 alphabetical /ˌælfəˈbetɪkl/adj. 按字母顺序的 librarian /laɪˈbreəriən/n. 图书管理员 recommend /ˌrekəˈmend/v. 推荐 fire-escape /ˈfaɪə ɪskeɪp/n. 户外安全梯 windowsill /ˈwɪndəʊsɪl/n. 窗台 shadow /ˈʃædəʊ/n. 影子，阴影 copy /ˈkɒpi/v. 抄写，誊写 二、长难句解析 原句：（第一段最后一句）Francie’s home was in a third-floor walk-up flat in the shadow of the hardy ailanthus tree, the “only tree that grew out of cement,” a tree “that liked poor people.” 译文：弗朗西住在一栋无电梯公寓的三楼，房屋掩映在生命力顽强的臭椿树下，这是唯一能从水泥地里生长出来、专属于穷人的树。 分析：复合句。主句为主系表结构；两个同位语共同修饰 ailanthus tree；两处 that 引导限制性定语从句，分别修饰 tree。 Passage 2 （2024·山东日照·中考真题）When you take the subway, you might notice many people, old and young, listening to audiobooks instead of reading paper books. Audiobooks have become quite popular these days. Why are more and more people choosing audiobooks over traditional books? Is listening to an audiobook just as good as reading a paper book? You need to find time available and a quiet place to sit down and read. However, you can listen to audiobooks anytime and anywhere you like, and it gives your eyes a break, too. But the big question is, do we get as much knowledge from audiobooks as we do from paper books? Researchers did an experiment to find the answer. Volunteers in Group One were asked to listen to an audiobook while volunteers in Group Two read a book of the same content (内容). It turned out that they recalled as much information, whether they listened to or read it. Another study from The Journal of Neuroscience further supported the result above. In the study, researchers scanned (扫描) people’s brains when they listened to and read books. The result showed that listening to audiobooks activated (激活) almost the same parts of the brain as reading did. However, some people still believe that they learn better from reading paper books. One reason might be that when we listen to audiobooks, we are often doing some other tasks at the same time. “If you’re trying to learn while doing two things, you’ re not going to learn as well,” Daniel Willingham, a researcher at the University of Virginia, told The New York Times. 1. Why are more and more people choosing audiobooks over paper books? A．They are easier to take. B．They offer choices in content. C．They improve people’s eyesight. D．They free people in time and place. 2. What did researchers find in the study? A．People recalled more information from reading paper books. B．Listening activated different parts of the brain from reading. C．People can read and listen to the same content at the same time. D．Listening makes no difference in recalling information from reading. 3. What can we infer from the text? A．People need to stay focused while reading. B．People often do other tasks while listening. C．People actually learn better from audiobooks. D．People have to activate the brain to learn better. 4. How is the text organized? (①=Paragraph 1,②=Paragraph 2,…) A． B． C． D． 一、重难词汇（12 个） audiobook /ˈɔːdiəʊbʊk/n. 有声书 available /əˈveɪləbl/adj. 空闲的，可利用的 volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/n. 志愿者 scan /skæn/v. 扫描 activate /ˈæktɪveɪt/v. 激活 neuroscience /ˈnjʊərəʊsaɪəns/n. 神经科学 journal /ˈdʒɜːnl/n. 期刊 recall /rɪˈkɔːl/v. 回忆，记起 content /ˈkɒntent/n. 内容 researcher /rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/n. 研究人员 experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/n. 实验 traditional /trəˈdɪʃənl/adj. 传统的 二、长难句解析 （第五段最后一句）“If you’re trying to learn while doing two things, you’ re not going to learn as well,” Daniel Willingham, a researcher at the University of Virginia, told The New York Times. 译文：弗吉尼亚大学研究员丹尼尔・威林厄姆在接受《纽约时报》采访时表示：“如果你一边学习一边同时做两件事，学习效果就不会那么好。” 分析：复合句。If 引导条件状语从句；while doing two things 是省略式时间状语；直接引语内嵌同级比较结构。 Passage 1 （2023·安徽合肥·三模） The Adventures (奇遇) of Tom Sawyer is one of the great works by Mark Twain. The book is so interesting. Even today, it is quite popular among kids. Although I am in my thirties, the book remains one of my favorites. After re-reading the book recently, I have learned an important lesson from Tom Sawyer. In our daily lives, we are often given some boring or tiring tasks. What’s in your mind when your mom tells you to clean the floor? Have you ever wanted to complain (抱怨)? I think most people have. Tom Sawyer, however, thought “differently” when he was given a boring task. One Saturday morning, Aunt Polly told Tom to paint the fence (篱笆). Tom’s friend Ben Rogers happened to walk past. Instead of complaining, Tom told Ben that he felt “excited” about the task. “Only one in a thousand—maybe even two thousand—boys can do this!” Tom said. Tom’s words made Ben interested in the task. He even gave Tom his apple so that he could have a chance to paint the fence. If Tom had thought about nothing but complaining, he would have had a bad day painting the fence. This story teaches me a valuable lesson: Complaining is useless. The next time you are given a boring or tiring task, don’t complain. Unlike what happens in the story of Tom Sawyer, it is unlikely that someone will come and do the work for you. However, without complaining, you’ll feel better and perhaps even do a better job! 1. According to the writer, what is most people’s immediate reaction (即时反应) to a boring task? A．Complaining about it. B．Accepting it. C．Refusing it. D．Forgetting it. 2. Why did Tom say the underlined sentence to Ben in Paragraph 2? A．To express his sadness. B．To catch Ben’s interest. C．To show his anger. D．To explain his thoughts. 3. What does the writer learn from Tom Sawyer? A．It is no use complaining. B．Refusing is the best choice. C．Waiting is the only way out. D．More people make work easy. Passage 2 （2024·广东广州·二模） I was an extremely active child, always running around and crashing into things. My mother expressed her concern to the doctor when he put stitches (缝合针) in my arm for the third time in as many years. The doctor recommended that I take up fishing. But since I had nearly drowned (淹死) when diving into a reservoir a few years earlier, my mother ruled water out of my life. Finally, she decided to choose reading as the only cure for my condition. For one hour every day, I was forced to sit on a chair and read a book. I cried so hard that I couldn’t see the letters on the page. Then my teacher uncle stepped in with a pile of books. He said all I had to do was to read the first twenty pages of a book. If I was still bored after that, I could put it down and pick up another. The first book I picked up was The Enormous Crocodile, and after twenty pages, I fell out of my chair laughing. This crocodile is tired of eating fish and wants to eat some children for a change, so he crawls into a children’s playground and pretends to be a seesaw (跷跷板). I followed this up with Charlie and The Chocolate Factory and Fantastic Mr. Fox. Their quick plots and simple messages were very satisfying to read. Little by little, the books became longer and more challenging. I was in the middle of reading The Lord of the Rings when my mother complained that I was reading too much and that I should run around outside like I used to. But by then, I was hooked on novels like Adventures of Robinson Crusoe. It was amazing to read about Robinson’s life on the lonely island and it taught me some life skills. To this day, I think of books as a secret friend to whom I can always turn for advice. A good book must do two things: entertain and educate. If a book doesn’t interest you after twenty pages, put it down and try another one. 1. Why was the writer forced to read? A．The doctor advised him to read more books. B．Reading could be a relaxing activity for him. C．His mother wanted to find a way to keep him quiet. D．His family wanted to punish him for being too active. 2. What advice did the writer’s uncle give him when he began reading? A．To pick up different types of books. B．To sit still and read for an hour a day. C．To read longer and more challenging books. D．To go through the first 20 pages of the book. 3. In what order did the following show the writer’s reading experience? a. He started to read more challenging books. b. He considered books as friends to turn for advice when needed. c. He found it interesting to read The Enormous Crocodile. d. He read more books of quick plots and simple messages. e. He fell in love with reading novels. A．c-d-a-e-b B．d-c-a-b-e C．c-d-a-b-e D．d-c-e-a-b 4. What can we learn from the passage? A．Reading can bring us both joy and knowledge. B．Reading is much more challenging than fishing. C．Spending an hour reading is a useful habit for us. D．Kids like reading books that are easy to understand. Passage 3 （2025·广东深圳·三模）From ancient campfire tales to modern novels, storytelling has always been a basic part of human culture. But beyond entertainment, research shows that reading stories offers remarkable benefits for our brains, emotions, and social skills. Let’s explore why books are more than just words on paper. Neuro scientists have discovered that reading fiction actually changes our brains. A 2023 Cambridge University study found that regular readers develop stronger neural (神经的) connections in areas related to language and imagination. MRI scans showed that when people read descriptive passages, their sensory cortex (感觉皮层) lights up as if they were experiencing the events firsthand. This mental exercise keeps the brain sharp and may even delay cognitive decline in later years. Emotionally, stories help us understand ourselves and others better. Dr. Sarah Chen , a psychologist explains, “When we identify with characters, we learn to feel what they feel. This practice of empathy in a safe environment makes us more understanding in real life. ” Many therapists (治疗专家) now use novels as tools to help patients process difficult emotions and life challenges. Furthermore, storytelling enhances creativity and problem-solving skills. Unlike passive entertainment like TV shows, reading makes your brain work to picture scenes and guess what happens next. A study published in Creativity Research Journal found that people who read fiction regularly scored 15% higher on creative thinking tests than non-readers. This flexible thinking helps you do better in school and at work. Socially, shared stories create powerful bonds. Book clubs and reading communities show how discussing literature builds meaningful connections. As author John Green observes, “The stories we love tell others who we are.” Families that read together develop stronger relationships, and cultures preserve their values through oral and written traditions. 1. What is the main focus of Paragraph 1? A．The benefits of reading. B．The history of storytelling. C．The reasons why modern novels are important. D．The comparison between ancient and modern stories. 2. Why does the writer mention the Cambridge University study in Paragraph 2? A．To argue that fiction is better than non-fiction. B．To show that reading improves brain function. C．To state that MRI scans are necessary for readers. D．To encourage people to read more scientific papers. 3. What does the underlined word “empathy” in Paragraph 3 most likely mean? A．Memory skills. B．Shared feelings. C．Problem solving. D．Creative ideas. 4. How is reading stories different from watching TV? A．Reading is more fun than TV. B．Both are good for creativity. C．TV helps you solve problems better. D．Reading makes your brain work harder. 5. Which is the best title for the passage? A．The Science Behind Reading Habits B．Why Reading Books Makes You happier C．The Best Novels for Brain Development D．How Books Shape Our Minds and Lives Passage 4 （2025·广东深圳·一模）下面的材料A-F是关于六本文学作品的介绍，请根据五位学生的爱好与需求，帮他们选出最适合阅读的书籍，并将其标号填入括号中。 1 Kevin prefers funny stories, allowing him to laugh and find humor in life. 2 Rachel is interested in stories where characters change and grow over time. 3 Christina is often touched by stories about love and giving things up for others. 4 Sally is always fascinated by mysterious plots, especially those in detective stories. 5 Leo loves following characters to know how they overcome challenges and grow braver. A．Nate The GreatIn this series of mystery novels, a young detective(侦探) Nate uses his wits and skills to solve cases. Each book presents a new mystery that Nate must solve, keeping readers guessing till the end. B．The Adventures of Tom Sawyer This is a humorous book by Mark Twain. It’s about a boy named Tom Sawyer who loves playing tricks. Tom and his friend have many adventures and always find a way to have fun. C． Charlotte’s Web This book by E. B．White is one of the most loved children’s books of all time. It’s a story of two friends on a farm: Wilbur the Pig and Charlotte the Spider, which shows the power of friendship. D．Treasure Island This is an exciting book by Robert Louis Stevenson. The boy named Jim Hawkins finds a treasure map and goes on a big adventure. He meets pirates and has to be very brave to find the treasure. E. Pride and Prejudice Written by Jane Austen, this book is about people falling in love and learning about each other. The story shows how people can change and grow when they try to understand each other better. F. The Gift of the Magi It is a short heartwarming story written by O. Henry. Jim and Della are a couple who love each other very much. They both sell their most valuable possessions to buy each other Christmas gifts. Passage 5 （2025·广东深圳·一模）Reading books is like talking to a friend. 1 When you are sad, reading can give you comfort and encouragement. Enjoying reading can bring you a lot of happiness. We often meet a lot of problems in life, but we can learn a lot of skills that can help us solve these problems from books. Through reading, we can not only make life more colorful and more pleasant, but also learn a lot of skills. 2 Just as Gorky said, “Books are the ladder (阶梯) of human progress.” Reading books can increase our knowledge, make us more talented and encourage us to be stronger. We can also understand many truths of life. 3 Walking in the ocean of books is also a wonderful thing. Reading books makes us experience many unknown worlds, and through reading, we can become wise and happy readers. 4 According to a report on Chinese people’s reading habits, over 77% of Chinese adults read books on mobile phones and over 35% have the habit of listening to audio-books. 5 AI helps turn printed books into audio products. It can meet people’s need for book listening. But it is not easy to find the right voices for good writing. Beautiful voices are not enough for the production of good audio-books. There's still a long way to make audio products better. A．When you are confused about life, reading can give you guidance and show you the right directions. B．Many Chinese people now read books, take classes and watch TV with the help of audio products. C．Reading is a kind of entertainment, and it can make us happier. D．The development of 5G and AI makes a difference to audio reading. E．It is really killing two birds with one stone! F．Reading books can help us solve all the problems in life without any effort. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 7 Reading Mark Twain 品读马克・吐温（新教材沪教版） 单元阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage A 外刊阅读理解 夹叙夹议议论文 472 介绍青少年阅读马克・吐温的价值，结合《汤姆・索亚历险记》《哈克贝利・费恩历险记》，分析其幽默讽刺的写作风格与深层社会思考 Passage B 外刊阅读理解 事理说明文 458 以马克・吐温童年经历为切入点，解读小说中密西西比河的象征意义，倡导通过阅读学会独立思考、自我反思 真题示例 Passage 1 中考阅读理解 文学记叙文 约 360 节选自《布鲁克林有棵树》，讲述家境贫寒的女孩弗兰西痴迷读书，坚持每日阅读，心怀拥有满屋书籍的美好憧憬 Passage 2 中考阅读理解 科普说明文 约 340 对比有声书与纸质书，引用神经科学实验证明二者记忆效果相近，同时指出边听书边分心会降低学习效率 模拟演练 Passage 1 模拟中考阅读理解 议论文 约 280 依托汤姆刷栅栏的经典情节，阐明面对枯燥任务时抱怨毫无意义，调整心态才能收获更好体验 Passage 2 模拟中考阅读理解 成长记叙文 约 330 讲述精力旺盛的男孩被母亲安排读书，逐渐爱上各类儿童小说，明白好书既能消遣又能增长见识 Passage 3 模拟中考阅读理解 科普议论文 约 380 结合剑桥大学等多项研究，从大脑发育、共情能力、创造力、社交联结四方面讲解阅读的多重好处 Passage 4 信息匹配（六选五） 书籍介绍应用文 约 260 给出五位学生不同阅读喜好，匹配马克・吐温、《夏洛的网》《金银岛》等六部经典儿童文学 Passage 5 阅读还原（六选五） 综合说明文 约 290 阐述阅读安抚情绪、解决困惑的作用，同时介绍 5G 与 AI 技术催生有声书，探讨新型阅读方式 1. A reader lives a thousand lives before he dies. The man who never reads lives only one. – George R.R. Martin 读书之人一生历经千种人生，从不读书的人只活过自己一世。—— 乔治・R・R・马丁 2. Read not to contradict and confute, nor to believe and take for granted, but to weigh and consider. – Francis Bacon 读书不为辩驳、不盲从轻信，而是为权衡思辨。—— 弗朗西斯・培根 3. Reading good books is like having a conversation with the finest minds of past centuries. – René Descartes 品读佳作，如同与历代先贤倾心交谈。—— 勒内・笛卡尔 4. Books are a uniquely portable magic. – Stephen King 书籍是一种独一无二、随身携带的魔法。—— 斯蒂芬・金 5. If you only read the books that everyone else reads, you can only think what everyone else thinks. – Haruki Murakami 若只读众人都读的书，你的思想便只会与众人雷同。—— 村上春树 6. In reading great literature I become a thousand men and yet remain myself. – C.S. Lewis 品读伟大文学，我化身千万人，却依然保有自我。——C.S. 刘易斯 7. The more you read, the more things you will know. The more you learn, the more places you’ll travel. – Dr. Seuss 读得越多，见识越广；学得越多，心灵抵达的远方越辽阔。—— 苏斯博士 8. My alma mater was books, a good library. – Malcolm X 我的母校，是书本，是一座藏书丰富的图书馆。—— 马尔科姆・X 9. It does not matter how many books you read, but how deeply you read them. – Mark Twain 读书不在数量多寡，而在于是否读懂深意。—— 马克・吐温 10. We read books to find out who we are. – Ursula K. Le Guin 我们读书，是为找寻真实的自己。—— 厄休拉・勒奎恩 11. Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. – Francis Bacon 读书使人充实，交谈使人机敏，写作使人严谨。—— 弗朗西斯・培根 12. Something very magical can happen when you read a good book. – J.K. Rowling 当你品读一本好书，奇妙的魔力便会悄然发生。——J.K. 罗琳 Passage A Humor Hides Deep Truths Source: British Council LearnEnglish Teens, 2026-04-30 If you want one writer to teach you humor, honesty and social observation at the same time, Mark Twain is the best choice for teenage readers. Most students first meet him through Tom Sawyer’s famous fence-painting trick, but his full value lies in how he mixes funny plots with serious thoughts that still matter to young people today. Twain spent his early life working as a riverboat pilot, journalist and gold miner. All these jobs gave him rich real-life material. He met people from every social class: wealthy landowners, poor street boys, hard-working slaves and dishonest politicians. He recorded their words and lives into novels and short stories such as The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County. This short story uses a funny frog competition to make fun of talkative liars and empty small-town pride. A key reason to read Twain is his unique satire. Satire means using jokes to point out society’s mistakes. Unlike writers who give long serious speeches, Twain wraps criticism inside light adventures. In Huckleberry Finn, the river represents freedom, while towns stand for rigid, unfair traditions. Huck’s struggle between following the law and protecting Jim makes teenagers discuss equality and sympathy naturally, without heavy moral lessons. Many teachers worry old classics feel distant to modern teens, but Twain’s characters feel alive even now. Tom hates strict school rules and wants freedom; Huck feels lonely and confused by grown-ups’ double standards. Every teenager can find a little of themselves in these two boys. When we read their adventures, we not only laugh at their silly tricks but also reflect on peer pressure, unfair rules and true friendship. Reading Twain trains two important skills: enjoying light literature and thinking beyond the plot. After finishing his stories, readers will start noticing small hypocrisies in daily life and dare to question unreasonable customs. Humor is Twain’s tool, but his real gift to readers is courage—to see the truth clearly and treat every person equally, no matter their race or social position. 长难句解析 原句：（第三段第四句）In Huckleberry Finn, the river represents freedom, while towns stand for rigid, unfair traditions. Huck’s struggle between following the law and protecting Jim makes teenagers discuss equality and sympathy naturally, without heavy moral lessons. 译文：在《哈克贝利・费恩历险记》中，河流象征自由，城镇则代表刻板不公的传统。哈克一边要遵守法律，一边想要保护吉姆，这种内心挣扎能让青少年自然而然地探讨平等与共情，无需生硬的说教。 分析：第一句 while 引导对比状语从句；第二句为主谓宾简单句，between following the law and protecting Jim 作后置定语修饰 struggle；without 引导介词短语作伴随状语。 译文 幽默之下藏真知 来源：British Council LearnEnglish Teens, 2026-04-30 如果你想找一位作家，同时教会你幽默、真诚与社会洞察力，马克・吐温是青少年读者的最佳人选。大多数学生最先通过汤姆刷栅栏的经典桥段认识他，但他作品的全部价值，在于他将趣味情节与深刻思想融为一体，这些思想至今仍对年轻人极具意义。 马克・吐温早年做过内河领航员、记者与淘金工人。这些经历为他积累了丰富的现实创作素材。他接触过各个社会阶层的人：富裕的农场主、贫苦街头少年、辛勤劳作的黑奴、虚伪政客。他把这些人的言行与人生写进长篇小说和短篇故事，比如《卡拉维拉斯县驰名的跳蛙》。这篇短篇小说借助一场滑稽的赛蛙比赛，讽刺夸夸其谈的说谎者与小镇虚无的虚荣心。 阅读马克・吐温的一大核心原因，是他独有的讽刺笔法。讽刺，即用玩笑揭露社会弊病。有些作家会长篇大论、严肃说教，马克・吐温却把批判藏在轻松的冒险故事里。在《哈克贝利・费恩历险记》中，河流象征自由，城镇则代表刻板不公的传统。哈克一边要遵守法律，一边想要保护吉姆，这种内心挣扎能让青少年自然而然地探讨平等与共情，无需生硬的说教。 很多老师担心经典老作与当代青少年脱节，但马克・吐温笔下的人物至今鲜活立体。汤姆反感严苛校规、向往自由；哈克内心孤独，对成年人的双重标准充满困惑。每个少年都能在两个男孩身上看见自己的影子。阅读他们的冒险故事时，我们不仅会为各种顽皮把戏发笑，还会反思同辈压力、不公规则与真挚友谊。 品读马克・吐温能锻炼两项重要能力：欣赏通俗文学，以及跳出故事情节深度思考。读完他的作品，读者会开始留意日常生活中细微的虚伪，敢于质疑不合理的世俗惯例。幽默只是马克・吐温的表达工具，他赠予读者真正的礼物是勇气 —— 看清真相，无论对方种族、出身，平等善待每一个人。 Passage B Discover Ourselves Through Mark Twain’s Stories Source: Smithsonian Education, 2026-06-02 Reading Mark Twain is like taking a trip back to 19th-century Mississippi, walking alongside two ordinary boys who dare to follow their hearts. Many young readers only notice the funny adventures in his novels, but the greatest reward of reading Twain is self-reflection. Twain’s own childhood in Hannibal, Missouri provided all his main characters. As a boy, he disliked strict school and strict grown-up orders, just like Tom Sawyer. He watched poor children and enslaved people suffer unfair treatment, and those memories grew into Huck and Jim’s river journey. The Mississippi River becomes a special symbol in his writing: away from towns’ strict rules, boys can be honest and free, and different people can treat each other with real respect. For modern teenagers, the conflict in Huckleberry Finn is still meaningful. Huck is told to turn Jim in according to local customs, but he chooses to help his friend escape. This difficult choice teaches readers that popular ideas are not always correct. Twain never forces readers to accept a fixed opinion; he creates situations and lets us judge right and wrong by ourselves. His short works are perfect for beginners. Advice to Youth uses ironic jokes to criticize meaningless adult lectures. He pretends to give standard moral guidance, then twists every rule to show how fake many social requirements are. This style teaches teens not to accept words blindly but to think independently. Reading Mark Twain does not require complex background knowledge. You only need an open mind to laugh with his characters and feel their inner struggles. Through his words, we learn to value freedom, cherish true friendship and judge people by their hearts rather than their status. Over a hundred years later, Twain’s stories still speak directly to every young person searching for their own sense of right and wrong. 长难句解析 原句：（第一段第一句）Reading Mark Twain is like taking a trip back to 19th-century Mississippi, walking alongside two ordinary boys who dare to follow their hearts. 译文：阅读马克・吐温的作品，仿佛重回 19 世纪密西西比河畔，与两个遵从本心的普通少年并肩同行。 分析：复合句。主句主干 Reading Mark Twain is like taking a trip；walking alongside 为现在分词伴随状语；who 引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 two ordinary boys。 译文 在马克・吐温的故事中读懂自我 来源：Smithsonian Education, 2026-06-02 阅读马克・吐温的作品，仿佛重回 19 世纪密西西比河畔，与两个遵从本心的普通少年并肩同行。许多年轻读者只留意书中趣味冒险，但品读吐温作品最大的收获，是学会自我反思。 马克・吐温在密苏里州汉尼拔小镇度过的童年，为他塑造了全部核心人物。少年时的他反感严苛的校园管束与成人刻板指令，汤姆・索亚便是他的缩影。他亲眼目睹贫困孩童与黑奴遭受不公对待，这段记忆化作哈克与吉姆的河畔旅途。密西西比河在他笔下成为特殊象征：远离城镇僵化规矩，少年才能活得坦诚自由，不同身份的人也能彼此真诚相待。 对于当代青少年而言，《哈克贝利・费恩历险记》里的矛盾依旧具有现实意义。当地习俗要求哈克举报逃亡黑奴吉姆，可他选择帮助好友脱身。这个艰难抉择告诉读者：大众公认的道理未必就是真理。吐温从不强迫读者接受固定观点，他创设种种情境，让我们独立分辨是非对错。 他的短篇作品十分适合文学入门者。《给青年的忠告》通篇使用反讽，批判空洞乏味的说教。他假意宣讲正统道德准则，再逐一推翻，揭露诸多世俗规矩的虚伪。这种写作风格教会青少年拒绝盲从，培养独立思考能力。 读懂马克・吐温无需繁杂的历史背景知识，只需要一颗包容的心，与书中人物同欢笑、共共情，体会他们内心的挣扎。透过文字，我们学会珍视自由、守护真挚友谊，以本心而非身份地位评判他人。百余年后，吐温的故事依旧直击每一个年轻人内心 —— 我们都在苦苦寻找属于自己的是非标尺。 1. Reading Mark Twain’s works is a wonderful journey mixing fun adventures with deep thoughts about humanity and society. 阅读马克・吐温的作品，是一场奇妙旅程，有趣冒险与关于人性、社会的深刻思考交织在一起。 2. Behind Twain’s light humor lies sharp satire that helps teenagers see through unfair social customs. 吐温轻松幽默的文字背后是犀利讽刺，帮助青少年看透种种不公的世俗惯例。 3. Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn are more than fictional boys; they mirror every teenager’s desire for freedom and sincere friendship. 汤姆・索亚与哈克不只是虚构少年，他们映照出每个青少年对自由与真挚友情的渴望。 4. The Mississippi River in his novels stands for freedom, far away from rigid rules and grown-ups’ double standards. 书中的密西西比河象征自由，远离刻板规矩与成年人的双重标准。 5. Instead of preaching moral lessons, Twain creates vivid stories to let readers judge right and wrong independently. 吐温从不生硬说教，而是塑造鲜活故事，让读者自主分辨是非对错。 6. Reading The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn teaches us that personal conscience sometimes outweighs outdated social rules. 品读《哈克贝利・费恩历险记》让我们明白，个人良知有时胜过陈旧的社会规则。 7. Twain drew rich writing materials from his own life experience, making his characters real and touching for modern teens. 吐温从自身经历汲取丰富创作素材，笔下人物鲜活动人，当代少年依然能产生共鸣。 8. Short pieces like Advice to Youth use irony to expose hypocrisy and train us to think without blind obedience. 《给青年的忠告》等短篇巧用反讽揭露虚伪，教会我们独立思考、拒绝盲从。 9. It takes no complicated historical knowledge to understand Twain; all we need is an open heart to feel his characters’ struggles. 读懂吐温无需繁杂历史知识，只需一颗包容之心，共情人物内心的挣扎。 10. Each laugh we get from Twain’s funny plots carries a quiet question worth thinking deeply about. 我们为他有趣情节发笑时，每一份笑声背后都藏着值得深思的拷问。 11. Reading Twain shapes two vital abilities: appreciating light literature and reflecting on the world around us. 品读吐温能塑造两种重要能力：欣赏通俗文学，以及反思周遭世界。 12. More than a century later, Twain’s ideas about equality and kindness still speak straight to young readers. 百余年过去，吐温关于平等与善良的思想，依旧直击年轻读者内心。 13. Twain’s simple daily language makes classics easy to accept, breaking teenagers’ prejudice against old novels. 吐温质朴通俗的日常语言降低经典阅读门槛，打破青少年对老式小说的偏见。 14. By following Huck’s choice to protect Jim, we learn to judge people by their hearts rather than their social status. 跟随哈克守护吉姆的选择，我们学会以本心评判他人，而非凭身份地位。 15. Reading Mark Twain does not merely entertain us; it encourages us to observe life honestly and stick to what we believe is right. 阅读马克・吐温不只是消遣，更激励我们坦诚观察生活，坚守心中正义。 Passage 1 （2026·江苏扬州·中考真题）It was 1912, in the Williamsburg section of Brooklyn, New York. Francie Nolan and her younger brother, Neeley, spent Saturday collecting and selling paper, metal, rubber and other junk for money. They spent half of the money and brought half home to their parents. Francie’s home was in a third-floor walk-up flat in the shadow of the hardy ailanthus tree, the “only tree that grew out of cement (水泥),” a tree “that liked poor people.” ... It was two o’clock. Francie walked towards the library. The library was a little old place. Francie thought that all the books in the world were in that library and she planned to read all the books in the world. She was reading a book a day in alphabetical (按字母表顺序的) order, even the boring ones. She had been reading a book a day for a long time now and she was still in the B’s. On the librarian’s desk stood a neat row of freshly sharpened pencils and the returned books waiting to be put back. “When I have my own home, I’ll have a desk like this, with pencils, ‘always ready for writing,’ and books...books...books...” Saturdays were different. She treated herself by reading a book not in the alphabetical order. On that day, she asked the librarian to recommend a book. “Could you recommend a good book for a girl?” “How old?” The librarian did not even look up. “She is eleven.” The librarian never knew the little girl who took a book out every day and two on Saturday. Francie hurried home, holding the books close. The story of Francois Villon was more wonderful each time she read it. Sometimes she worried the book would be lost in the library. She had once started copying the book in a two-cent notebook. “When I grow up, I’ll work hard, save money and buy every single book I like.” Now it was her weekly fire-escape-sitting time. She put glass, candy and book on the windowsill and climbed out on the fire-escape (安全梯). Once out there, she was living in a tree. Francie breathed the warm air, watched the dancing leaf shadows, ate the candy and drank the cooled water in-between reading. The afternoon passed. 1. What can you learn from the first paragraph? A．How old Francie Nolan was. B．What Francie’s parents did for a living. C．What kind of family Francie came from. D．How much Francie and her brother made. 2. What is Francie’s favorite thing to do? A．Collecting materials for recycling. B．Chatting with the librarian. C．Reading books. D．Watching leaves. 3. Which of the following is true about Francie’s reading habits? A．Copying each book she finished reading. B．Collecting her favorite books in her study. C．Reading every book in the library from Z through A． D．Reading a book not in the order of the letters on Saturday. 4. Which of the following can best describe Francie Nolan? A．Strong-willed and hopeful. B．Brave and fashionable. C．Hard-working and humorous. D．Curious and creative. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. D 4. A 【导语】本文节选自《布鲁克林有棵树》，讲述了小女孩弗兰西·诺兰的生活片段，包括她收集废品、在图书馆阅读以及对未来的憧憬。 【详解】1. 第一段描述了弗兰西的家庭环境：“Francie’s home was in a third-floor walk-up flat...the ‘only tree that grew out of cement,’ a tree ‘that liked poor people.’”，说明她来自贫困家庭。 2. 文中多次描写弗兰西去图书馆借书、读书，第三段“She was reading a book a day...”、第四段“When I have my own home, I’ll have a desk like this, with pencils...and books...books...books...”，说明阅读是她最喜欢的事。 3. 第五段指出：“Saturdays were different. She treated herself by reading a book not in the alphabetical order.”，说明周六她读不按字母顺序排列的书。 4. 弗兰西计划读遍图书馆所有的书，并憧憬未来拥有自己的书桌和书籍，说明她意志坚定且充满希望。 一、重难词汇（12 个） section /ˈsekʃn/n. 片区，区域 junk /dʒʌŋk/n. 废品，废旧杂物 walk-up /ˈwɔːk ʌp/adj. 无电梯的（公寓） hardy /ˈhɑːdi/adj. 生命力顽强的 cement /sɪˈment/n. 水泥 alphabetical /ˌælfəˈbetɪkl/adj. 按字母顺序的 librarian /laɪˈbreəriən/n. 图书管理员 recommend /ˌrekəˈmend/v. 推荐 fire-escape /ˈfaɪə ɪskeɪp/n. 户外安全梯 windowsill /ˈwɪndəʊsɪl/n. 窗台 shadow /ˈʃædəʊ/n. 影子，阴影 copy /ˈkɒpi/v. 抄写，誊写 二、长难句解析 原句：（第一段最后一句）Francie’s home was in a third-floor walk-up flat in the shadow of the hardy ailanthus tree, the “only tree that grew out of cement,” a tree “that liked poor people.” 译文：弗朗西住在一栋无电梯公寓的三楼，房屋掩映在生命力顽强的臭椿树下，这是唯一能从水泥地里生长出来、专属于穷人的树。 分析：复合句。主句为主系表结构；两个同位语共同修饰 ailanthus tree；两处 that 引导限制性定语从句，分别修饰 tree。 Passage 2 （2024·山东日照·中考真题）When you take the subway, you might notice many people, old and young, listening to audiobooks instead of reading paper books. Audiobooks have become quite popular these days. Why are more and more people choosing audiobooks over traditional books? Is listening to an audiobook just as good as reading a paper book? You need to find time available and a quiet place to sit down and read. However, you can listen to audiobooks anytime and anywhere you like, and it gives your eyes a break, too. But the big question is, do we get as much knowledge from audiobooks as we do from paper books? Researchers did an experiment to find the answer. Volunteers in Group One were asked to listen to an audiobook while volunteers in Group Two read a book of the same content (内容). It turned out that they recalled as much information, whether they listened to or read it. Another study from The Journal of Neuroscience further supported the result above. In the study, researchers scanned (扫描) people’s brains when they listened to and read books. The result showed that listening to audiobooks activated (激活) almost the same parts of the brain as reading did. However, some people still believe that they learn better from reading paper books. One reason might be that when we listen to audiobooks, we are often doing some other tasks at the same time. “If you’re trying to learn while doing two things, you’ re not going to learn as well,” Daniel Willingham, a researcher at the University of Virginia, told The New York Times. 1. Why are more and more people choosing audiobooks over paper books? A．They are easier to take. B．They offer choices in content. C．They improve people’s eyesight. D．They free people in time and place. 2. What did researchers find in the study? A．People recalled more information from reading paper books. B．Listening activated different parts of the brain from reading. C．People can read and listen to the same content at the same time. D．Listening makes no difference in recalling information from reading. 3. What can we infer from the text? A．People need to stay focused while reading. B．People often do other tasks while listening. C．People actually learn better from audiobooks. D．People have to activate the brain to learn better. 4. How is the text organized? (①=Paragraph 1,②=Paragraph 2,…) A． B． C． D． 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. A 4. B 【导语】本文讲述了有声书和纸质书两种阅读方式的对比。 1. 细节理解题。根据“you can listen to audiobooks anytime and anywhere you like, and it gives your eyes a break”可知有声图书在时间和地点上解放了人们。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据“It turned out that they recalled as much information, whether they listened to or read it”可知无论他们是听信息还是读信息，都能回忆起同样多的内容。故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据“You need to find time available and a quiet place to sit down and read.”可以推断出，人们在阅读时需要保持专注。而选项B是可以直接从原文“when we listen to audiobooks, we are often doing some other tasks at the same time.”中得出答案，而不是推断出。故选A。 4. 篇章结构题。根据文章结构，第一段引出有声书的流行，第二段讨论有声书和纸质书的比较，第三四段说明研究结果，第五段总结，故选B。 一、重难词汇（12 个） audiobook /ˈɔːdiəʊbʊk/n. 有声书 available /əˈveɪləbl/adj. 空闲的，可利用的 volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/n. 志愿者 scan /skæn/v. 扫描 activate /ˈæktɪveɪt/v. 激活 neuroscience /ˈnjʊərəʊsaɪəns/n. 神经科学 journal /ˈdʒɜːnl/n. 期刊 recall /rɪˈkɔːl/v. 回忆，记起 content /ˈkɒntent/n. 内容 researcher /rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/n. 研究人员 experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/n. 实验 traditional /trəˈdɪʃənl/adj. 传统的 二、长难句解析 （第五段最后一句）“If you’re trying to learn while doing two things, you’ re not going to learn as well,” Daniel Willingham, a researcher at the University of Virginia, told The New York Times. 译文：弗吉尼亚大学研究员丹尼尔・威林厄姆在接受《纽约时报》采访时表示：“如果你一边学习一边同时做两件事，学习效果就不会那么好。” 分析：复合句。If 引导条件状语从句；while doing two things 是省略式时间状语；直接引语内嵌同级比较结构。 Passage 1 （2023·安徽合肥·三模） The Adventures (奇遇) of Tom Sawyer is one of the great works by Mark Twain. The book is so interesting. Even today, it is quite popular among kids. Although I am in my thirties, the book remains one of my favorites. After re-reading the book recently, I have learned an important lesson from Tom Sawyer. In our daily lives, we are often given some boring or tiring tasks. What’s in your mind when your mom tells you to clean the floor? Have you ever wanted to complain (抱怨)? I think most people have. Tom Sawyer, however, thought “differently” when he was given a boring task. One Saturday morning, Aunt Polly told Tom to paint the fence (篱笆). Tom’s friend Ben Rogers happened to walk past. Instead of complaining, Tom told Ben that he felt “excited” about the task. “Only one in a thousand—maybe even two thousand—boys can do this!” Tom said. Tom’s words made Ben interested in the task. He even gave Tom his apple so that he could have a chance to paint the fence. If Tom had thought about nothing but complaining, he would have had a bad day painting the fence. This story teaches me a valuable lesson: Complaining is useless. The next time you are given a boring or tiring task, don’t complain. Unlike what happens in the story of Tom Sawyer, it is unlikely that someone will come and do the work for you. However, without complaining, you’ll feel better and perhaps even do a better job! 1. According to the writer, what is most people’s immediate reaction (即时反应) to a boring task? A．Complaining about it. B．Accepting it. C．Refusing it. D．Forgetting it. 2. Why did Tom say the underlined sentence to Ben in Paragraph 2? A．To express his sadness. B．To catch Ben’s interest. C．To show his anger. D．To explain his thoughts. 3. What does the writer learn from Tom Sawyer? A．It is no use complaining. B．Refusing is the best choice. C．Waiting is the only way out. D．More people make work easy. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. A 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者通过读了《汤姆·索亚历险记》，从中学到了抱怨是没有用的。 【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据“Have you ever wanted to complain (抱怨)? I think most people have.”可知，大多数人对无聊任务的即时反应是抱怨。故选A。 2. 词句猜测题。根据“Tom’s words made Ben interested in the task.”可知，汤姆说这句话是为了吸引本的兴趣。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据“This story teaches me a valuable lesson: Complaining is useless.”可知，作者从汤姆的身上学到了：抱怨是没有用的。故选A。 Passage 2 （2024·广东广州·二模） I was an extremely active child, always running around and crashing into things. My mother expressed her concern to the doctor when he put stitches (缝合针) in my arm for the third time in as many years. The doctor recommended that I take up fishing. But since I had nearly drowned (淹死) when diving into a reservoir a few years earlier, my mother ruled water out of my life. Finally, she decided to choose reading as the only cure for my condition. For one hour every day, I was forced to sit on a chair and read a book. I cried so hard that I couldn’t see the letters on the page. Then my teacher uncle stepped in with a pile of books. He said all I had to do was to read the first twenty pages of a book. If I was still bored after that, I could put it down and pick up another. The first book I picked up was The Enormous Crocodile, and after twenty pages, I fell out of my chair laughing. This crocodile is tired of eating fish and wants to eat some children for a change, so he crawls into a children’s playground and pretends to be a seesaw (跷跷板). I followed this up with Charlie and The Chocolate Factory and Fantastic Mr. Fox. Their quick plots and simple messages were very satisfying to read. Little by little, the books became longer and more challenging. I was in the middle of reading The Lord of the Rings when my mother complained that I was reading too much and that I should run around outside like I used to. But by then, I was hooked on novels like Adventures of Robinson Crusoe. It was amazing to read about Robinson’s life on the lonely island and it taught me some life skills. To this day, I think of books as a secret friend to whom I can always turn for advice. A good book must do two things: entertain and educate. If a book doesn’t interest you after twenty pages, put it down and try another one. 1. Why was the writer forced to read? A．The doctor advised him to read more books. B．Reading could be a relaxing activity for him. C．His mother wanted to find a way to keep him quiet. D．His family wanted to punish him for being too active. 2. What advice did the writer’s uncle give him when he began reading? A．To pick up different types of books. B．To sit still and read for an hour a day. C．To read longer and more challenging books. D．To go through the first 20 pages of the book. 3. In what order did the following show the writer’s reading experience? a. He started to read more challenging books. b. He considered books as friends to turn for advice when needed. c. He found it interesting to read The Enormous Crocodile. d. He read more books of quick plots and simple messages. e. He fell in love with reading novels. A．c-d-a-e-b B．d-c-a-b-e C．c-d-a-b-e D．d-c-e-a-b 4. What can we learn from the passage? A．Reading can bring us both joy and knowledge. B．Reading is much more challenging than fishing. C．Spending an hour reading is a useful habit for us. D．Kids like reading books that are easy to understand. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. A 【导语】本文主要讲述了“我”总是因为太活跃撞来撞去后来又在跳入水库时差点淹死，妈妈把阅读作为治疗“我”的方法，后来“我”逐渐找到了阅读的乐趣。 【详解】1. 推理判断题。根据“I was an extremely active child, always running around and crashing into things. … Finally, she decided to choose reading as the only cure for my condition.”可知，作者是一个非常活跃的孩子，总是跑来跑去，撞到东西。最后，作者的妈妈决定选择阅读作为治疗他病情的唯一方法。因此是因为想让他安静下来。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据“Then my teacher uncle stepped in with a pile of books. He said all I had to do was to read the first twenty pages of a book.”可知，作者的叔叔说作者所要做的就是读完一本书的前二十页。故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据第六段“The first book I picked up was The Enormous Crocodile, and after twenty pages, I fell out of my chair laughing.”、第六段“Their quick plots and simple messages were very satisfying to read.”、第七段“Little by little, the books became longer and more challenging.”、“But by then, I was hooked on novels like Adventures of Robinson Crusoe.”与第八段“To this day, I think of books as a secret friend to whom I can always turn for advice.”可知，正确的顺序是c-d-a-e-b。故选A。 4. 推理判断题。根据“A good book must do two things: entertain and educate.”可知，一本好书必须有两点作用：娱乐和教育。因此阅读可以给我们带来快乐和知识。故选A。 Passage 3 （2025·广东深圳·三模）From ancient campfire tales to modern novels, storytelling has always been a basic part of human culture. But beyond entertainment, research shows that reading stories offers remarkable benefits for our brains, emotions, and social skills. Let’s explore why books are more than just words on paper. Neuro scientists have discovered that reading fiction actually changes our brains. A 2023 Cambridge University study found that regular readers develop stronger neural (神经的) connections in areas related to language and imagination. MRI scans showed that when people read descriptive passages, their sensory cortex (感觉皮层) lights up as if they were experiencing the events firsthand. This mental exercise keeps the brain sharp and may even delay cognitive decline in later years. Emotionally, stories help us understand ourselves and others better. Dr. Sarah Chen , a psychologist explains, “When we identify with characters, we learn to feel what they feel. This practice of empathy in a safe environment makes us more understanding in real life. ” Many therapists (治疗专家) now use novels as tools to help patients process difficult emotions and life challenges. Furthermore, storytelling enhances creativity and problem-solving skills. Unlike passive entertainment like TV shows, reading makes your brain work to picture scenes and guess what happens next. A study published in Creativity Research Journal found that people who read fiction regularly scored 15% higher on creative thinking tests than non-readers. This flexible thinking helps you do better in school and at work. Socially, shared stories create powerful bonds. Book clubs and reading communities show how discussing literature builds meaningful connections. As author John Green observes, “The stories we love tell others who we are.” Families that read together develop stronger relationships, and cultures preserve their values through oral and written traditions. 1. What is the main focus of Paragraph 1? A．The benefits of reading. B．The history of storytelling. C．The reasons why modern novels are important. D．The comparison between ancient and modern stories. 2. Why does the writer mention the Cambridge University study in Paragraph 2? A．To argue that fiction is better than non-fiction. B．To show that reading improves brain function. C．To state that MRI scans are necessary for readers. D．To encourage people to read more scientific papers. 3. What does the underlined word “empathy” in Paragraph 3 most likely mean? A．Memory skills. B．Shared feelings. C．Problem solving. D．Creative ideas. 4. How is reading stories different from watching TV? A．Reading is more fun than TV. B．Both are good for creativity. C．TV helps you solve problems better. D．Reading makes your brain work harder. 5. Which is the best title for the passage? A．The Science Behind Reading Habits B．Why Reading Books Makes You happier C．The Best Novels for Brain Development D．How Books Shape Our Minds and Lives 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. D 【导语】本文探讨阅读故事的益处，包括改变大脑结构、培养情感理解力、提升创造力与问题解决能力，以及通过共享故事促进社交联系。 1. 段落大意题。根据第一段“From ancient campfire tales to modern novels, storytelling... just words on paper.”可知，第一段提到讲故事是人类文化一部分，且读书对大脑、情绪和社交技能有好处，重点是读书的益处，故选A。 2. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Neuro scientists have discovered that reading fiction actually changes our brains. A 2023 Cambridge University study found that regular readers develop stronger neural (神经的) connections in areas related to language and imagination.”可知，作者引用剑桥研究证明阅读增强神经连接和感官激活，旨在说明阅读改善大脑功能。故选B。 3. 词义猜测题。根据上下文“feel what they feel”和“more understanding in real life”可知，“empathy”指理解并分享他人情感的能力。选项B“分享情感”与此意思相近。故选B。 4. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Unlike passive entertainment like TV shows, reading makes your brain work to picture scenes and guess what happens next.”可知，阅读让大脑更努力工作，和看电视不同，故选D。 5. 最佳标题题。通读全文可知，全文从大脑、情感、创造力、社交多维度阐述书籍的影响。选项D“书籍如何塑造我们的思维和生活”为最佳标题。故选D。 Passage 4 （2025·广东深圳·一模）下面的材料A-F是关于六本文学作品的介绍，请根据五位学生的爱好与需求，帮他们选出最适合阅读的书籍，并将其标号填入括号中。 1 Kevin prefers funny stories, allowing him to laugh and find humor in life. 2 Rachel is interested in stories where characters change and grow over time. 3 Christina is often touched by stories about love and giving things up for others. 4 Sally is always fascinated by mysterious plots, especially those in detective stories. 5 Leo loves following characters to know how they overcome challenges and grow braver. A．Nate The GreatIn this series of mystery novels, a young detective(侦探) Nate uses his wits and skills to solve cases. Each book presents a new mystery that Nate must solve, keeping readers guessing till the end. B．The Adventures of Tom Sawyer This is a humorous book by Mark Twain. It’s about a boy named Tom Sawyer who loves playing tricks. Tom and his friend have many adventures and always find a way to have fun. C． Charlotte’s Web This book by E. B．White is one of the most loved children’s books of all time. It’s a story of two friends on a farm: Wilbur the Pig and Charlotte the Spider, which shows the power of friendship. D．Treasure Island This is an exciting book by Robert Louis Stevenson. The boy named Jim Hawkins finds a treasure map and goes on a big adventure. He meets pirates and has to be very brave to find the treasure. E. Pride and Prejudice Written by Jane Austen, this book is about people falling in love and learning about each other. The story shows how people can change and grow when they try to understand each other better. F. The Gift of the Magi It is a short heartwarming story written by O. Henry. Jim and Della are a couple who love each other very much. They both sell their most valuable possessions to buy each other Christmas gifts. 【答案】1. B 2. E 3. F 4. A 5. C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了六本书的内容，并根据五个人的阅读偏好进行匹配。 【详解】1. 根据Kevin的偏好“Kevin prefers funny stories, allowing him to laugh and find humor in life.”可推知，他应该选择B选项“The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”，因为这是一本幽默的书，讲述了一个喜欢恶作剧的男孩的冒险故事。故选B。 2. 根据Rachel的偏好“Rachel is interested in stories where characters change and grow over time.”可推知，她应该选择E选项“Pride and Prejudice”，因为这本书讲述了人们如何通过相互理解而改变和成长。故选E。 3. 根据Christine的偏好“Christine is often touched by stories about love and giving things up for others.”可推知，她应该选择F选项“The Gift of the Magi”，因为这是一个关于一对夫妇为了给对方买圣诞礼物而卖掉自己最珍贵物品的温馨故事。故选F。 4. 根据Sally的偏好“Sally is always fascinated by mysterious plots, especially those in detective stories.”可推知，她应该选择A选项“Nate The Great”，因为这是一系列关于年轻侦探解决案件的悬疑小说。故选A。 5. 根据Leo的偏好“Leo loves following characters to know how they overcome challenges and grow brave.”可推知，他应该选择C选项“Charlotte’s Web”，因为这是一个关于农场上的两个朋友——小猪威尔伯和蜘蛛夏洛——展示友谊力量的故事，角色在故事中克服挑战并成长。故选C。 Passage 5 （2025·广东深圳·一模）Reading books is like talking to a friend. 1 When you are sad, reading can give you comfort and encouragement. Enjoying reading can bring you a lot of happiness. We often meet a lot of problems in life, but we can learn a lot of skills that can help us solve these problems from books. Through reading, we can not only make life more colorful and more pleasant, but also learn a lot of skills. 2 Just as Gorky said, “Books are the ladder (阶梯) of human progress.” Reading books can increase our knowledge, make us more talented and encourage us to be stronger. We can also understand many truths of life. 3 Walking in the ocean of books is also a wonderful thing. Reading books makes us experience many unknown worlds, and through reading, we can become wise and happy readers. 4 According to a report on Chinese people’s reading habits, over 77% of Chinese adults read books on mobile phones and over 35% have the habit of listening to audio-books. 5 AI helps turn printed books into audio products. It can meet people’s need for book listening. But it is not easy to find the right voices for good writing. Beautiful voices are not enough for the production of good audio-books. There's still a long way to make audio products better. A．When you are confused about life, reading can give you guidance and show you the right directions. B．Many Chinese people now read books, take classes and watch TV with the help of audio products. C．Reading is a kind of entertainment, and it can make us happier. D．The development of 5G and AI makes a difference to audio reading. E．It is really killing two birds with one stone! F．Reading books can help us solve all the problems in life without any effort. 【答案】1. A 2. E 3. C 4. B 5. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍阅读的多重益处和现代技术在阅读中的应用，来表达对阅读价值的肯定和对技术进步的期待。 1. 根据“When you are sad, reading can give you comfort and encouragement. Enjoying reading can bring you a lot of happiness.”，可知，此处强调了阅读在情绪低落时的安慰作用和它带来的快乐。选项A“当你对生活感到困惑时，读书可以给你指引，给你指明正确的方向。”提到阅读在生活困惑时提供指导，与此类似，都强调了阅读对个人情绪和心理状态的积极影响。故选A。 2. 根据“Through reading, we can not only make life more colorful and more pleasant, but also learn a lot of skills.”，可知，此处提到了阅读的两个好处，阅读不仅可以让生活更多彩更愉快，也可以学习到新技能。选项E“真是一举两得啊！”符合语境，故选E。 3. 根据“Reading books makes us experience many unknown worlds, and through reading, we can become wise and happy readers.”可知，此处表示阅读可以给人带来智慧和快乐。选项C“阅读是一种娱乐，它能使我们更快乐。”与之相对应，故选C。 4. 根据“According to a report on Chinese people’s reading habits, over 77% of Chinese adults read books on mobile phones and over 35% have the habit of listening to audio-books.”，可知，此处提供了关于中国人阅读习惯的数据，特别是通过手机和听有声书的方式。选项B“许多中国人现在借助音频产品读书、上课和看电视。”涉及到技术对阅读方式的影响。故选B。 5. 根据“AI helps turn printed books into audio products. It can meet people’s need for book listening.”，可知，AI技术对于阅读习惯的改变也有很大的影响。选项D“5G和人工智能的发展给音频阅读带来了变化。”符合语境。故选D。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $