Unit 1 Nature in the Balance 知识整理 (重点短语 & 句型 & 语法 & 书面表达)+分层分类专项练习 -2027届新高考高三英语第一轮复习

**基本信息** 以“词-句-语法-语篇”为逻辑链，融合分层训练与方法提炼，系统提升自然主题语言运用能力与应试思维。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |核心单词变形|10组|词形转换规则（名动形副派生）|从基础词块到语境应用，构建词汇网络| |重点句型|8类|仿写模板（with复合结构、倍数表达等）|课本原句→结构解析→仿写迁移，强化句式运用| |过去分词语法|20题|“定语-表语-宾补”分类解法+done/being done/to be done辨析|从形式到功能，层层递进掌握非谓语用法| |书面表达|1模板+4句式|环保主题高分框架（现状-意义-行动）+替换词提升策略|语言知识→逻辑组织→文化意识，落实综合语言运用|

译林版必修第三册 Unit 1 Nature in the Balance 知识整理 (重点短语 & 句型 & 语法 & 书面表达)+分层分类专项练习 一、核心单词变形（词块必背） 1. vary vi. 变化 → various adj. 各种各样的 → variety n. 多样；种类 2. long adj. 长的 → length n. 长度 → lengthen v. 加长 3. survive v. 幸存 → survival n. 生存 → survivor n. 幸存者 4. defend v. 保护，辩护 → defence n. 防御，保卫 5. appear v. 出现 → disappear v. 消失 → disappearance n. 消失 6. apply v. 应用；申请 → application n. 应用；申请 7. organize v. 组织 → organization n. 组织 8. absolute adj. 绝对的 → absolutely adv. 完全地 9. impact n.&v. 影响 → have a deep impact on 对… 产生深远影响 10. damage n.&v. 破坏 → do/cause damage to 对… 造成损害 二、重点短语（Reading+Extended reading 全覆盖） 课文基础短语 1. a sea of 大片的，海量的 2. be alive with 充满，到处都是（动植物 / 声响） 3. play a significant role/part in 在… 中发挥重要作用 4. maintain the balance of 保持… 的平衡 5. with an area of… 面积为… 6. more than half the size of … 面积的一半以上 7. in length 在长度上 8. be made up of 由… 组成 9. be home to 是… 的栖息地 / 家园 10. feed on 以… 为食 11. food chain 食物链 12. in turn 相应地；转而；依次 13. break down （有机物）分解；机器故障；身体垮掉；谈判破裂 14. breathe life into 给… 注入活力，带来生机 15. be known as 被称作，作为… 闻名 16. treasure house 宝库 17. due to 由于，因为（介词短语） 18. afford to do sth. 负担得起；有能力做某事 高频拓展写作短语 1. build up 积累；逐步扩大；增强 2. come up with 想出（主意 / 方案） 3. get rid of 摆脱；清除；丢弃 4. spring to mind 突然想到，跃入脑海 5. give rise to 引发，导致（负面结果） 6. call for 需要；公开呼吁 / 要求 7. sign up 报名（参加活动） 8. hand in hand 密切相关；手拉手 9. a variety of = various kinds of 各种各样的 10. in defence of 保护；为… 辩护 11. manage to do sth. 设法成功做成某事 12. try to do sth. 尽力做（未必成功） 13. greenhouse gas 温室气体 14. carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 15. climate change 气候变化 16. protest against 抗议反对 17. cut down trees 砍伐树木 18. natural resources 自然资源 易混辨析 · in turn 转而，相应地；in return 作为回报 · due to（介词，句首 / 句中）= owing to = because of；because 后接句子 · break down 分解 / 故障；break up 分手 / 打碎；break away from 脱离 三、经典重点句型（课本原句 + 仿写模板） 1. with 复合结构（面积 / 尺寸描述写作万能） 原句：With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. 译：亚马逊雨林面积约 600 万平方公里，超过中国国土面积的一半。 仿写模板：With an area of + 数字，+ 主语 + 尺寸对比. 2.介词 + which 非限制性定语从句 原句：The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in length. 译：雨林得名于亚马逊河，这条河全长近 6400 千米。 结构：名词，+ 介词 + which + 从句 3.while 引导让步状语从句，表 “虽然” 原句：While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest’s food chain. 译：虽然大量美洲豹在此生存，但它们只是这片森林食物链的一环。 4.过去分词作后置定语（本单元语法核心句型） 原句：Of the 390,000 plant species known to us, more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon. 解析：known to us = which are known to us 5.倍数表达：倍数 + the size/length/width of… A be + 数字 + times the + 名词 + of B A 是 B 的几倍大 / 长 6.when 引导时间状语从句，表自然循环 原句：When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms breaks down its body into nutrients for the forest. 7.it 作形式主语 It is our duty to protect the balance of nature. 保护自然平衡是我们的责任。 8.There is no doubt that… 毫无疑问（环保作文高分句） There is no doubt that human activities give rise to environmental damage. 四、核心语法：动词 - ed 形式（过去分词）作定语、表语、宾语补足语 1. 作定语（必考语法填空） （1）前置定语：单个 ed 放名词前，表被动 / 完成 · a respected teacher 受人尊敬的老师 · fallen leaves 落叶（不及物 ed 仅表完成） · retired workers 退休工人 （2）后置定语：ed 短语 / 不定代词后单用 ed，可改写定语从句 · species known to us = species that are known to us · nothing changed 没有发生改变的事物 规则：something/nothing/anything + done 不及物 vs 及物 ed 区别 · 及物动词 ed：被动 + 完成 broken glass 碎玻璃 · 不及物动词 ed：仅完成 risen sun 升起的太阳 2. 作表语（放在 be/get/become 后，表状态） · The forest is protected. 这片森林受到保护。 · He got frightened at the wild animal. 3. 作宾语补足语（see/find/make/have/get/keep 感官 & 使役动词） ① 感官动词 see/watch/hear/find/notice + 宾语 + done（宾语被…） I found the forest destroyed. 我发现森林遭到破坏。 ② 使役动词 make/have/get/keep + 宾语 + done · make oneself heard 让自己被听见 · have trees planted 找人种树 · keep us informed 随时告知我们 ③ with 复合结构 with + 宾语 + done（状语，表被动） With many trees cut down, the climate changed greatly. 大量树木被砍伐，气候发生巨变。 拓展：done /being done /to be done 区别 1. done：已完成、被动 2. being done：正在被… 3. to be done：将要被… 五、书面表达（环保主题，保护自然平衡） 话题：Protect the Balance of Nature 1. 高分作文模板 Nowadays, human activities have seriously broken the balance of nature, which gives rise to a series of environmental problems. Large areas of forests are cut down, so wild animals lose their homes. Due to pollution and greenhouse gases, extreme weather appears more often. What’s worse, many species are in danger of disappearing forever. Maintaining the balance of nature calls for joint efforts of everyone. First, we should get rid of bad habits that damage the environment and plant more trees to build up green lands. Second, it’s vital to come up with eco-friendly ways of living. We can sign up for environmental activities to raise public awareness. Last but not least, the government should take strict measures to protect wildlife and natural resources. There is no doubt that only when we live in harmony with nature can we enjoy a sustainable future. If everyone plays a part, we will breathe new life into our damaged planet. 2. 作文万能高分句式 1. There is no doubt that human behaviour has a harmful impact on biodiversity. 毫无疑问，人类行为对生物多样性产生危害。 2. It is high time that we took action to defend our planet from further damage. 是时候行动起来保护地球，免受更多破坏。 3. Only by keeping the balance of nature can we live a better life.（倒装加分） 唯有维持自然平衡，我们才能过上更好的生活。 4. Many living things are disappearing due to pollution and deforestation. 由于污染与滥砍滥伐，大量生物正在消失。 3. 写作替换词（提升档次） · important → significant / vital · many → a variety of / abundant · cause → give rise to / lead to · protect → maintain / defend · solve → come up with solutions to · destroy → damage severely 六、单元主题词汇分类（背诵清单） 生态生物 biodiversity n. 生物多样性；ecosystem n. 生态系统；microorganism n. 微生物；nutrient n. 养分；species n. 物种；wildlife n. 野生动物 环境破坏 deforestation n. 砍伐森林；drought n. 干旱；smog n. 雾霾；greenhouse gas 温室气体；carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 环保行动 sustainable adj. 可持续的；eco-friendly adj. 环保的；protest vi. 抗议；preserve v. 保护；recycle v. 回收利用 译林版必修第三册 Unit 1 Nature in the Balance 分层同步练习卷 卷首说明 1. 大题前置考点：每道大题开头标注本大题全部考查考点； 2. 难度分层：★基础层 / ★★提升层 / ★★★高考拔高层； 3. 题型完全匹配新高考英语标准题型； 4. 文末附全套答案 + 逐题详细解析。 第一大题 单词词形转换（满分 15 分 难度★基础） 本大题考查考点 单元核心名词、动词、形容词、副词变形（vary/survive/disappear/defend/organize/impact 等） 介词后接名词、修饰名词用形容词、修饰动词用副词基础语法填空规则 用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，每空 1 分。 1. There is a wide ______ (vary) of plants living in the Amazon rainforest. 2. Many wild animals face the danger of ______ (disappear) because of human damage. 3. We should devote ourselves to the ______ (defend) of wildlife. 4. Human activities have an ______ (impact) influence on the whole ecosystem. 5. This environmental ______ (organize) calls on citizens to cut waste. 6. Only the strongest can achieve ______ (survive) in the wild rainforest. 7. ______ (absolute) speaking, rainforests are the treasure houses of biodiversity. 8. The ______ (long) of the Amazon River is nearly 6,400 kilometres. 9. People are deeply ______ (frighten) by frequent extreme weather. 10. The ______ (retire) biologist studies the balance of tropical forests. 11. Dead creatures will turn into ______ (nutrition) materials for plants. 12. We need ______ (sustain) ways of living to protect our planet. 13. The report shows the ______ (destroy) caused by illegal logging. 14. This activity is well ______ (organize) for rainforest protection. 15. Microbes play an important role in the ______ (break) down of dead bodies. 第二大题 单元核心短语填空（满分 12 分 难度★基础） 本大题考查考点 课本高频固定搭配： due to, feed on, in turn, break down, give rise to, be home to, hand in hand, breathe life into 时态、主谓一致、情态动词后动词原形用法 从所给短语内选取合适短语，并用正确形式填空（短语可变形，一词一组） in turn; break down; due to; feed on; give rise to; be home to; hand in hand; breathe life into; build up; a sea of; in defence of; afford to 1. The Amazon rainforest ________ thousands of rare animal species. 2. Small animals eat plants, and bigger predators, ________, feed on small animals. 3. Microorganisms ________ dead animals into natural nutrients for forests. 4. More and more species disappear ________ serious pollution and deforestation. 5. Cutting down large numbers of trees may ________ global warming. 6. Jaguars ________ small mammals and birds in the forest food chain. 7. We plant trees to ________ green lands and recover biodiversity. 8. Everyone should do something ________ our living environment. 9. The government hopes to ________ the damaged rainforest with protection plans. 10. Wildlife protection and climate balance go ________. 11. Without enough natural resources, many animals cannot ________ survive. 12. We saw ________ green plants covering the whole wetland. 第三大题 语法专项：过去分词 - ed（满分 20 分，三层梯度） 本大题考查考点 1. ★基础：单个过去分词作前置定语、过去分词短语后置定语 2. ★★提升：过去分词作表语、have/make/find/keep + 宾语 + done 宾补结构 3. ★★★拔高：with 复合结构、done /being done /to be done 区分、状语从句省略主语 be 动词 用括号内动词适当形式填空 Ⅰ 基础填空（1–8） 1. The ______ (fall) leaves cover the ground in the rainforest. 2. Scientists record all plant species ______ (know) to human beings. 3. The ______ (respect) professor focuses on ecosystem balance research. 4. We visited a well ______ (organize) wildlife protection base last week. 5. The damage ______ (cause) by greenhouse gases cannot be ignored. 6. The park ______ (protect) by the government attracts many rare birds. 7. ______ (trap) animals will lose their living places without forests. 8. The ______ (retire) workers take part in tree-planting activities every spring. Ⅱ 提升填空（9–14） 9.We felt ______ (shock) at the serious damage to the rainforest. 10.We should have more trees ______ (plant) to keep natural balance. 11.The researcher found large areas of forest ______ (destroy). 12.Speak loudly to make your voice ______ (hear) by everyone. 13.Please keep us ______ (inform) of any new wildlife protection news. 14.The kids got ______ (frighten) when seeing fierce wild cats. Ⅲ 高考拔高分填空（15–20） 15.With millions of trees ______ (cut) down, biodiversity falls rapidly. 16.The wetland ______ (rebuild) next year will shelter endangered birds. 17.The mountain area ______ (protect) at present is closed to visitors. 18.When ______ (ask) about environmental problems, he offered practical advice. 19.______ (compare) with the past, more species are endangered nowadays. 20.With enough nutrients ______ (provide), plants can grow better. 第四大题 单元重点句型改写（满分 10 分 难度★★提升） 本大题考查考点 1.倍数表达：倍数 + the size/length of 固定结构 2.“介词 + which” 非限制性定语从句 3.while 引导让步状语从句（虽然） 4.it 作形式主语 5.only + 状语置于句首的部分倒装 按括号内要求改写句子，每空限填一词 1. The Amazon is more than half as large as China.（倍数句型） The Amazon rainforest is more than half ______ ______ ______ China. 2. The rainforest gets its name from the Amazon River. The river is nearly 6,400 km long. （介词 + which 定语从句） The Amazon River, ______ ______ the rainforest gets its name, is nearly 6,400 kilometres long. 3.Many jaguars live here, but they are only one part of the food chain.（while 让步状语） ______ a large number of jaguars survive here, they are just one element of the forest food chain. 4.To protect the balance of nature is every citizen’s task.（it 形式主语） ______ every citizen’s task ______ maintain the balance of nature. 5.We can realize sustainable development only by protecting wildlife.（only 倒装） Only by protecting wildlife ______ ______ realize sustainable development. 第五大题 语篇综合填空（新高考语法填空 满分 15 分 难度★★提升） 本大题考查考点 1. 单元词汇变形、核心固定短语搭配 2. 过去分词作定语、非谓语动词 3. 冠词、连词、介词、主谓一致基础语法 阅读短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Amazon rainforest, 1.______ (know) as “the lung of the Earth”, 2.______ (be) home to over 40,000 plant species. All lives here live hand 3.______ hand and form a complete food chain. Small plants feed insects; insects feed small animals, 4.______ turn, they become food for big predators such as jaguars. When animals die, microbes break 5.______ their bodies into nutrients for new plants. 6.______ human activities, this perfect balance is being destroyed. Large areas of forest are cut down for farming, which gives rise 7.______ the disappearance of thousands of species. Many wild animals cannot afford 8.______ (survive) without suitable habitats. Scientists hope well-organized plans can breathe new life 9.______ the damaged forest and build 10.______ rich biodiversity again. The forest, 11.______ area is around six million square kilometres, stores huge amounts of carbon dioxide. The damage 12.______ (cause) by deforestation also leads to extreme weather. It is vital 13.______ every person to take action. Only when we live in peace with nature 14.______ we enjoy a healthy planet. There is no doubt 15.______ joint efforts can save our rainforests. 第六大题 阅读理解（细节 + 推理 + 词义猜测 满分 12 分 难度★★） 本大题考查考点 1. 细节定位、词义猜测、文章主旨、推理判断高考阅读题型 2. 单元环保主题词汇、长难句（过去分词定语、while 让步、倍数句型）理解 Passage Rainforests play a significant role in keeping our planet balanced. Covering millions of square kilometres, they take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen. A single rainforest holds a variety of plant and animal species unknown to human science. It acts as a natural treasure house of biodiversity. However, rainforest loss has become a serious global problem. Farmers clear woods to grow crops; factories cut trees for wood products. Once trees disappear, food chains break down. Wild animals lose shelters and food sources, so their populations drop sharply. Countless species face extinction due to long-term forest destruction. Environmental organizations call on people to make joint efforts. Students can sign up for tree-planting volunteer activities and get rid of wasteful daily habits. If everyone sticks to eco-friendly lifestyles, we can slow down the loss of rainforests and protect the balance of nature. 1. What is the main function of rainforests according to Paragraph 1? A. Supplying wood for industrial factories B. Adjusting the earth’s gas circulation C. Providing large farmland for local farmers D. Producing all kinds of daily goods 2. What does the underlined phrase “treasure house” stand for? A. Rainforests filled with various wildlife B. Underground mineral resources C. Oxygen produced by green trees D. Nutrients from dead wild animals 3. What can we infer from the whole passage? A. Rainforest destruction has been completely stopped. B. Personal daily habits have no influence on ecosystems. C. Human activities directly break natural food chains. D. All rainforest species have already been discovered by humans. 4. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. The Amazon River and Its Wildlife B. How Rainforests Balance Our Planet C. Ways to Develop Rainforest Farming D. Different Kinds of Forests Worldwide 第七大题 七选五（语篇逻辑衔接 满分 10 分 难度★★★拔高层） 本大题考查考点 1. 主旨句、过渡句、总结句区分 2. 指代逻辑、转折 / 递进衔接词运用 3. 单元环保主题语境词汇匹配 How to Protect the Balance of Nature All living things depend on balanced ecosystems. Once the natural balance is damaged, natural disasters will come one after another. 1.______ First, forbid illegal deforestation. Forests are vital for wildlife and climate control. 2.______ Without enough trees, carbon dioxide will build up and global temperatures will rise rapidly. Second, cut down all kinds of pollution. Plastic rubbish and chemical farming damage soil and water resources seriously. 3.______ Choose green daily products and recycle waste as much as possible. Third, support wildlife protection groups. Lots of endangered animals have lost safe habitats. 4.______ Their long-term work prevents rare species from disappearing forever. 5.______ Small actions from every single person can create a healthy living environment for all living things on Earth. A. We should also change our daily lifestyles. B. Below are practical methods to protect natural balance. C. Forests absorb greenhouse gases to cool down the earth. D. You can join volunteer projects held by these organizations. E. In a word, environmental protection is the duty of everyone. 第八大题 应用文写作（倡议书 满分 16 分 难度★★★高考） 本大题考查考点 1.单元全部核心短语、倍数句型、while 让步状语从句 2.过去分词作定语、only 置于句首倒装高分句式 3.倡议书格式、逻辑分层、环保主题高级表达 假定你是校环保社团主席李华，请向全校同学写一封英文倡议书， 主题：Maintain the Balance of Nature，内容包含： 1.当前自然失衡现状：雨林砍伐、物种消失、极端天气频发 2.维持自然平衡的重要意义 3.学生可落实的环保行动（植树、减少浪费、宣传环保知识） 4.词数要求：100–120 词 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案与完整解析 一、单词词形转换 1. variety 解析：a wide variety of 固定搭配，各种各样 2. disappearance 解析：介词 of 后用名词，disappear 动词变名词消失 3. defence 解析：in the defence of 保护…… 4. impactful 解析：修饰名词 influence 用形容词 5. organization 解析：形容词 environmental 后接名词 “组织” 6. survival 解析：achieve 后接名词，生存 7. Absolutely 解析：副词修饰整个句子，放句首大写 8. length 解析：the length of …… 的长度 9. frightened 解析：人作主语，ed 形容词表感到害怕 10. retired 解析：retired 退休的，前置定语 11. nutritional 解析：修饰名词 materials 用形容词 “营养的” 12. sustainable 解析：sustainable ways 可持续方式 13. destruction 解析：the 后接名词，破坏 14. organized 解析：well-organized 组织良好的复合形容词 15. breaking 解析：the breakdown of …… 的分解 二、短语填空 1. is home to 解析：主语 rainforest 单数，是…… 栖息地 2. in turn 解析：转而、相应地，描述食物链循环 3. break down 解析：微生物分解尸体，will 后用原形 4. due to 解析：介词短语，由于，后接名词 5. give rise to 解析：may 后原形，引发（负面后果） 6. feed on 解析：美洲豹以小动物为食，主语复数用原形 7. build up 解析：积累、扩大绿地 8. in defence of 解析：捍卫、保护 9. breathe life into 解析：给受损雨林注入生机 10. hand in hand 解析：密切相关 11. afford to 解析：afford to do 有能力做某事 12. a sea of 解析：大片的，海量绿植 三、过去分词语法填空 基础 1–8 1. fallen 落叶（不及物 ed 仅表完成） 2. known species known to us 为人所知的物种 3. respected 受人尊敬的 4. organized well-organized 组织完善的 5. caused 由温室气体造成的破坏，被动后置定语 6. protected 森林被政府保护，被动表状态 7. Trapped 被困动物，被动，句首大写 8. retired 退休的 提升 9–14 9.shocked 人感到震惊 10.planted have sth done 让树木被种植 11. destroyed find sth done 发现森林被毁坏 12.heard make oneself heard 让自己被听见 13..informed keep sb informed 随时告知某人 14..frightened 感到害怕 拔高 15–20 15.cut with sth done 树木被砍伐 16..to be rebuilt 明年将要重建，将来被动 17..being protected 此刻正在被保护 18.asked when (you are) asked 状语从句省略 19.Compared compared with 固定搭配，与…… 相比 20.provided 养分被提供，with 复合结构被动 四、句型改写 1. the size of 倍数固定结构 2. from which get name from the river，介词提前 3. While while 引导让步状语，虽然 4. It; to It is + 名词 + to do 形式主语 5. can we only 放句首主句倒装 五、语法填空 1. known 后置定语，被动 2. is 主语 rainforest 单数 3. in hand in hand 固定短语 4. in in turn 转而 5. down break down 分解 6. Due to 由于人类活动，句首大写 7. to give rise to 引发 8. to survive afford to do sth 9. into breathe life into 注入生机 10. up build up 积累 11. whose 定语从句，the forest’s area 12. caused 后置定语，被动 13. for It is vital for sb to do 14. can only 倒装，情态动词提前 15. that There is no doubt that 毫无疑问 六、阅读理解 1. B 解析：雨林吸收二氧化碳释放氧气，调节大气 2. A 解析：指代拥有大量野生物种的雨林 3. C 解析：树木消失直接导致食物链断裂，人类活动是根源 4. B 主旨题，全文围绕雨林平衡地球生态展开 七选五 1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.E 解析： 1.B 总起句，引出下文三条保护方法 2.C 承接树木作用，吸收温室气体 3.A 过渡，改变日常习惯减少污染 4.D 承接环保组织，报名志愿活动 5.E 总结句，环保人人有责 八、写作参考范文 Maintain the Balance of Nature Dear fellow students, Nowadays, the balance of nature is severely damaged. Due to deforestation and pollution, many species are at risk of disappearing. Rainforests, more than half the size of China, are being destroyed every year. While wildlife struggles to survive, human activities give rise to frequent extreme weather. It is our duty to protect natural balance. Forests known as Earth’s lungs support all living creatures. Once food chains break down, we will suffer a lot in turn. We students can take practical action. We can sign up for tree-planting activities to build up green lands. Besides, we should get rid of wasteful habits and spread environmental knowledge around us. Only by joint efforts can we save our planet. Let’s take action right now! Li Hua School Environmental Club 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $