专题2 主谓一致（课件）-【2027版】山西省（对口升学）《英语一轮讲练测》

2027版山西省（职教高考） 《英语学科一轮讲练测》 第2个专题 主谓一致 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 04 真题溯源·考向感知 01 考情解码·命题预警 【复习目标】 《山西省中等职业学校学生对口升学考试英语考试大纲（试行）》要求：理解动词时态的形式和意义并掌握主谓一致的用法。 02 体系构建·思维可视 一、主谓一致 （1）定义 一、主谓一致的定义： 主谓一致指英语句子中主语和谓语动词在人称、数上保持一致，即主语为单数，谓语用单数形式；主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。 核心考查三大规则：就近原则、意义一致和语法一致。 【考点1 就近原则】 核心规则：谓语动词的单复数由离它最近的主语决定，与较远主语无关。 常用结构 用法说明 例句 or 或者 连接两个主语，谓语随就近主语变化 You or I am wrong.要么你错，要么我错。 either...or...要么…… 要么 Either your sister or you have to clean the classroom.要么你妹妹，要么你来打扫教室。 neither...nor...既不…… 也不 Neither the teacher nor the students like this movie老师和学生都不喜欢这部电影。 not only...but (also)...不仅…… 而且 Not only Tom but also his mother likes cooking.Tom和他妈妈都喜欢烹饪。 there be 句型 be 动词单复数由后面第一个名词决定；时态：there is/are；there was/were There is a book and two pens on the desk.桌上有一本书和两支笔。There are two pens and a book on the desk. 地点 / 方位倒装句 地点副词置于句首，句子倒装，谓语就近修饰后方主语 Here comes the bus.公交车来了。There stand many tall trees.那里矗立着许多大树。 1.—Either you or he ________ going to take part in the sports meeting. —Good luck to you! A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】A 【解析】考查either...or... 引导主语的就近原则。either...or...连接两个主语时，谓语动词由就近的主语决定。本句中靠近谓语的主语是he（第三人称单数），结合语境为一般将来时，be动词用is，故选A。 【即时训练】 2.There ________ no milk and some eggs in the fridge now. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】A 【解析】考查there be句型的就近原则。there be结构中be动词单复数由其后第一个名词决定。空格后第一个名词milk为不可数名词，且now提示时态为一般现在时，因此be动词用is，故选A。 3.Neither my father nor my mother ________ interested in playing online games. A. am B. is C. are D. be 【答案】B 【解析】考查neither...nor... 引导主语的就近原则。neither...nor...遵循就近原则，靠近谓语的主语my mother是第三人称单数，谓语动词用is，故选B。 4.Not only the students but also their teacher ________ the new plan. A. like B. likes C. liking D. liked 【答案】B 【解析】考查not only...but (also)... 引导主语的就近原则。该结构遵循就近原则，就近主语their teacher为第三人称单数，句子为一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式likes，故选B。 5.You or your brother ________ to clean the classroom today. A. have B. has C. are D. is 【答案】B 【解析】考查or连接主语的就近原则。or连接两个主语时，谓语动词随就近主语变化。本句就近主语your brother是单数，have to为固定搭配，主语单数时用has to，故选B。 6.Look! There ________ many birds in the tall tree. A. stands B. stand C. is D. are 【答案】B 【解析】考查地点倒装句的就近原则。地点副词there置于句首，句子完全倒装，谓语动词由后面的主语many birds（复数）决定，因此谓语用原形stand，故选B。 7.Here ________ the bus. Hurry up! A. come B. comes C. coming D. came 【答案】B 【解析】考查方位倒装句的就近原则。here置于句首，句子倒装，主语the bus为单数，句子为一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数comes，故选B。 8.Neither you nor I ________ able to finish the hard work alone. A. am B. is C. are D. was 【答案】A 【解析】考查neither...nor...就近原则（易错人称搭配）。就近主语为I，be动词固定搭配am，时态为一般现在时，故选A。 9.There ________ a pen, two rulers and three books on the desk. A. is B. are C. were D. was 【答案】A 【解析】考查there be句型（多名词连用难点）。be动词后第一个名词a pen是单数，时态为一般现在时，因此用is，故选A。 10.Not only I but also my sister ________ seen this interesting film. A. have B. has C. had D. having 【答案】B 【解析】考查not only...but (also)...结合现在完成时态。就近主语my sister为第三人称单数，现在完成时中助动词用has，故选B。 【考点2 意义一致】 核心规则：不以主语表面形式判断，根据实际语义确定单复数；形式单数表复数、形式复数表单数均适用本条规则。 分类 规则 例句 family 家庭；class 班级；team 团队等 表整体→谓语单数；表家庭成员→谓语复数 My family is big.（整体）My family are watching TV.（成员） people 人们；police 警察等 永远表复数，谓语必用复数 The police are looking for the thief.警察正在抓小偷。 the + 形容词 表示 “一类人”，复数含义，谓语复数 The old are well cared for.老人被悉心照料。 时间 / 金钱 / 距离 / 重量等 复数形式视作一个整体，谓语单数 Ten years is a short time.十年很短。 Two hundred yuan is enough.二百元足够了。 学科名词（maths/physics 等） 词尾带 s，表单数概念，谓语单数 Maths is my favorite subject a lot of / lots of / plenty of/half of 后接不可数名词→谓语单数；后接可数名词复数→谓语复数 A lot of water is wasted.大量的水被浪费。Plenty of students like sports多数学生喜欢运动。 分数 / 百分数 分数 / 百分数 + of + 名词：名词不可数 / 单数→谓语单数；名词复数→谓语复数 70% of the land is dry.70% 的土地是干旱的。2. Two thirds of workers are tired。三分之二的工人都累了。 what / which/who/all等 无明确复数指代，谓语常用单数；指代明确复数人 / 物，可用复数 Which book is yours?哪本书是你的？Which are your books?哪些是你们的书？ the + 姓氏 + s 表示 “…… 一家人 / 夫妇”，复数含义，谓语复数 The Greens are having dinner.格林一家正在吃晚饭。 单复数同形名词sheep 绵羊、deer 鹿、fish 鱼等 单复数形式完全一致，根据数量词判断单复数 A sheep is eating grass.一只羊在吃草。Many sheep are on the hill.山上有很多只羊。 everything/nothing/nobody 等做主语 谓语一律用单数 Everything is ready.一切都准备好了。 both 两者都 谓语用复数 Both of us like sports.我们俩都喜欢运动。 either / neither 两者范围，单数含义，谓语单数 Neither answer is correct.两个都不对。 11.My family ______ watching TV together after dinner every evening. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】B 【解析】考查集合名词（family）。family 此处指代家庭成员，表复数含义，谓语用复数；every evening 表示经常性动作，用一般现在时，故选B。 【即时训练】 12.The police ______ searching for the lost child at present. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】B 【解析】考查people / police 类名词。police 本身永远表示复数含义，谓语必须用复数；at present（目前）为现在时态，故选B。 13.The old ______ taken good care of in our community. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】B 【解析】考查the + 形容词结构。the + 形容词表示“一类人”，为复数概念，谓语用复数；本句描述常态，用一般现在时，故选B。 14.Fifty kilometers ______ a long distance for an old man to walk. A. is B. are C. were D. be 【答案】A 【解析】考查度量名词（距离）。时间、金钱、距离、重量等复数名词作主语时，视作一个整体，谓语用单数；句子为一般现在时，故选A。 15.Physics ______ a little difficult for some students to learn. A. is B. are C. were D. be 【答案】A 【解析】考查学科名词。maths、physics 等以s结尾的学科名词，形式为复数、语义为单数，谓语用单数，故选A。 16.Plenty of water ______ needed to water these young trees. A. is B. are C. were D. be 【答案】A 【解析】考查plenty of用法。plenty of 后接不可数名词water，谓语动词用单数，故选A。 17.Sixty percent of the students in our class ______ interested in painting. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】B 【解析】考查百分数。百分数 + of 结构，谓语由of后的名词决定；students 为可数名词复数，谓语用复数，本句为一般现在时，故选B。 18.The Greens ______ going to travel abroad this summer vacation. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】B 【解析】考查the + 姓氏复数。the + 姓氏+s 表示“一家人/夫妇”，表复数含义，谓语用复数；this summer vacation 表将来，be going to 结构中用are，故选B。 19.Many sheep ______ eating grass on the hillside now. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】B 【解析】考查单复数同形名词。sheep 单复数形式一致，many 表明此处为复数含义，谓语用复数；now 为现在进行时标志，故选B。 20.Neither of the two plans ______ perfect. A. is B. are C. were D. be 【答案】A 【解析】考查either / neither。neither 指代两者中的任意一个，语义为单数，谓语动词用单数，故选A。 【考点3 语法一致】 核心规则：完全根据主语本身的语法单复数形式确定谓语形式，是主谓一致的基础用法。 分类 规则 例句 含 each /every/some /no/any 的主语 ① each/every 修饰名词、each 单独作主语，谓语单数；② some/any/no 修饰单数名词，谓语单数；修饰复数名词 / 不可数名词，按名词形式判断 Each student has a book.每个学生都有一本书。Every tree is green.每棵树都是绿的。Some boy is waiting for you. 某个男孩在等你。No trees are dead.没有树死了。 可数名词单数、不可数名词；动词不定式、动名词、从句作主语 ① 可数名词单数、不可数名词 → 谓语单数；② 动词不定式 (to do)、动名词 (doing)、主语从句作主语，一律视作单数 The flower is beautiful.花是漂亮的。Air is important.空气是重要的。To learn English is useful.学英语是有用的。Reading makes wise.读书使人明智。What he said is true.他说的是真的。 数学运算表达式作主语 加减乘除等数学算式作主语，整体视为单数 Two plus three is five.2加3是5. one of /the only (very) of 结构 ① one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句：从句谓语复数；② the only /the very one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句：从句谓语单数 He is one of the students who like music.他是喜欢音乐的学生中的一个。He is the only one of students who likes music.他是唯一一个喜欢音乐的学生。 the number of / a number of ① the number of + 复数名词：表 “…… 的数量”，谓语单数；② a number of + 复数名词：表 “许多”，谓语复数 The number of students is 50.学生的数量是50个。A number of students are playing.很多学生在玩。 and 连接并列主语 ① 连接不同人 / 事物，表并列，谓语复数；② 共用一个冠词，表同一人 / 身兼两职，谓语单数 Tom and Mike are friends.Tom和Mike是朋友。The writer and singer is here.这位作家兼歌手来了。 many a /more than one + 单数名词 形式为复数概念，语法上仍作单数主语，谓语必须用单数；many a = 许多；more than one = 不止一个 Many a student likes playing games.（许多学生喜欢玩游戏）More than one mistake was found.（不止一处错误被发现） as well as 以及 谓语随就最前面真正的的主语变化 Lily as well as her classmates likes English.莉莉和她的同学都喜欢英语。 together / along with和…… 一起 My father together with my grandparents goes fishing.爸爸和爷爷奶奶去钓鱼。 including 包括 The group, including five girls, is small.这个小组人数不多。 except除…… 外（不包含） 表示排除后面的人 / 物 All boys except Jack have finished homework.除了杰克，所有男生都写完作业。 besides 除…… 之外（还有） 表示包含后面的人 / 物在内 No one besides our teacher knows the answer. 除了我们老师之外，其他人也都不知道答案。 rather than 而不是 前者为真正主语 I rather than he am in charge here.是我在这里负责。 21. To keep healthy ________ very important for everyone. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】A 【解析】本题考查动词不定式作主语。动词不定式短语作主语，语法上统一视作单数；句子描述客观常识，用一般现在时，be动词用is，故选A。 【即时训练】 22. She is one of the volunteers who ________ ready to help others. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句结构。one of后接可数名词复数，定语从句修饰前面的复数名词，从句谓语用复数；本句为一般现在时，故选B。 23. Each of us ________ a new storybook in hand. A. have B. has C. are D. is 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查each作主语。each单独作主语时，语法上视为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。本句为一般现在时，因此用has，故选B。 24. The number of teachers in our school ________ over 200. A. is B. are C. were D. be 【答案】A 【解析】本题考查the number of结构。the number of 意为“……的数量”，核心主语为number（单数），谓语动词用单数，故选A。 25. Many a pupil ________ hard at his lessons every day. A. work B. works C. worked D. working 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查many a + 单数名词结构。many a 虽表示“许多”，但语法上后接单数名词，整体作单数主语，谓语用第三人称单数works，故选B。 26.The teacher along with some students ________ visiting the museum now. A. am B. is C. are D. be 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查along with引导的就远原则。along with some students 是附加成分，核心主语为The teacher（单数）；now 提示时态为现在进行时，be动词选用is。 27.All classmates except Tom ________ passed the final exam. A. has B. have C. is D. are 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查except引导的就远原则。except Tom 表示排除对象，核心主语是All classmates（复数）；pass the exam 为动作，本句使用现在完成时，复数主语搭配have。 28.No one besides the coach ________ the secret of the game plan. A. know B. knows C. knew D. knowing 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查besides引导的就远原则。besides the coach 意为“除教练之外（包含教练）”，属于附加成分；核心主语No one 为不定代词，视作单数，句子为一般现在时，谓语用knows。 29.I rather than my desk-mate ________ responsible for the mistake. A. am B. is C. are D. was 【答案】A 【解析】本题考查rather than引导的就远原则。rather than my desk-mate 意为“而不是我的同桌”，核心主语为I；be动词固定搭配am，句子描述当下状态，用一般现在时。 30.The team, including three boys, ________ going to take part in the match. A. is B. are C. were D. will 【答案】A 【解析】本题考查including引导的就远原则。including three boys 是补充说明成分，核心主语The team 此处表示团队整体，视作单数；be going to 表将来，be动词用is。 04 真题溯源·考向感知 31.（2025年山西对口升学） She, as well as her classmates, ________ English. A. like B. likes C. have liked D. liking 【答案】B 【详解】as well as 遵循就前原则，主语she为三单，谓语用likes。 32.（2025年山西对口升学） Neither the students nor the teacher ________ willing to give up easily since they have been working on the project for a long time. A. are B. is C. will be D. have 【答案】B 【详解】neither...nor...就近原则，the teacher为三单，用is。 33. （2024年内蒙古对口升学）Not only my parents but also I ______ fond of classical music. A. am B. is C. are D. be 【答案】A 【解析】句意：不仅我的父母而且我也喜欢古典音乐。not only…but also…“不但……而且……”遵循“就近原则”，近的主语是I，所以be动词用am。故选A。 34.（2023年山西对口升学） Either you or Andrew ________ the award to the winner at the ceremony. A. are presented B. are to present C. are presenting D. is to present 【答案】D 【解析】either...or...就近原则，谓语用单数。 35.（2022年四川对口升学）Up to now, no one except Eric and Chris ______ the possible danger. A. have realized B. has realized C. is realizing D. are realizing 【答案】B 【解析】句意：到目前为止，除了埃里克和克里斯，没有人意识到可能的危险。时间状语up to now意为“到目前为止”，由此可知本题用现在完成时。句子中远的主语是no one，意为“没有人”，except连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数遵循“就远原则”。故选B。 36.（2022年山西对口升学） Either you or Vicky ______ to work as the chairperson of the meeting. A. are B. is C. will be D. have 【答案】B 【解析】句意：你或者维基将担任会议的主持人。either…or…连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则，谓语动词与后面的主语保持一致；be to do表示“打算/计划做某事”，本身含有将来的含义。故选B。 37.（2021年山西对口升学）One thousand ______ nothing to a millionaire. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】A 【解析】句意：一千对一个百万富翁来说不算什么。陈述的是事实，应该用一般现在时，故排除C、D；又根据主语one thousand表达一个整体概念，谓语动词通常用单数形式。故选A。 38.（2020年山西对口升学）Last week, the teacher, as well as a number of students, ______ to attend the party. A. was invited B. be invited C. were invited D. had been invited 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这位老师和许多学生上周被邀请参加派对。谓语动词的单复数与as well as前面的主语保持一致，即与the teacher保持一致，谓语动词用单数；根据last week可知用一般过去时。故选A。 39.（2020年山西对口升学）Every means ______ tried but all in vain. A. has B. have C. has been D. have been 【答案】C 【解析】句意：每种方式都试过了，但都是徒劳。means名词，单复数同形，前面用every修饰，所以谓语动词用单数，排除B、D；means与try是被动关系。故选C。 40. （2019年山西对口升学）The teacher, together with the students ______ reading The Book of Mathematics that ______ newly published in America. A. are; was B. is; was C. are; were D. is; were 【答案】B 【解析】句意：老师和学生在阅读最近美国新出版的《数学》。第一空填is，谓语动词的单复数与together with前的the teacher保持一致；后一空考查定语从句，The Book of Mathematics是一本书的名字，应该当作单数处理，选was。故选B。 谢谢观看 $