专题6 定语从句（课件）-【2027版】山西省（对口升学）《英语一轮讲练测》

2027版山西省（职教高考） 《英语学科一轮讲练测》 第6个专题 定语从句 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 04 真题溯源·考向感知 01 考情解码·命题预警 【复习目标】 《山西省中等职业学校学生对口升学考试英语考试大纲（试行）》要求：理解定语从句的形式和意义并正确使用：1.理解定语从句的形式、意义和分类；2.重点掌握引导定语从句的关系词的用法；3.掌握非限制性定语从句。 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 一、定语从句 （1）定义 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句相当于形容词的作用，因此也叫形容词性从句。 （2）基本概念 术语 定义 示例说明 先行词 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词 The book that I bought is good. 中 the book 是先行词 关系词 引导定语从句的连词，放在先行词和从句之间 that/which/who/whom/whose/when/where/why 关系代词 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语 who, whom, whose, which, that 关系副词 在从句中作状语 when, where, why （3）定语从句的分类 类型 特点 翻译方式 例句 限制性定语从句 修饰限定先行词，不可缺少 "…… 的" This is the book that I want.这就是我想要的那本书。 非限制性定语从句 补充说明先行词，可省略 单独翻译，相当于并列句 This is the book, which I bought yesterday.这就是那本书，我昨天买的。 （4）关系词的三大作用 1.连接作用：连接主句和定语从句 2.指代作用：指代先行词 3.成分作用：在定语从句中充当句子成分 【考点1 限制性定语从句】 一、关系代词用法详解表 关系代词 指代对象 在从句中的成分 能否省略 例句 who 指人 主语、宾语 作宾语可省 The man who is standing there is my father.站在那里的那个人是我父亲。The boy who we saw yesterday is Tom.我们昨天见到的那个男孩是汤姆。 whom 指人 宾语 可省略 The girl whom you met just now is my sister.你刚才见到的那个女孩是我妹妹。 whose 指人 / 指物 定语（…… 的） 不可省略 This is the boy whose father is a doctor.这就是那个男孩，他爸爸是医生。I live in the house whose window faces south.我住在那个窗户朝南的房子里。 which 指物 主语、宾语 作宾语可省 The book which is on the desk is mine.桌子上的那本书是我的。The pen which you gave me is very nice.你给我的那支钢笔很好用。 that 指人 / 指物 主语、宾语 作宾语可省 The girl that is singing is my classmate.正在唱歌的那个女孩是我同学。The letter that I received was from my mother.我收到的那封信是我妈妈寄来的。 二、只能用 that 的情况 情况 例句 1. 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much等不定代词时 All that we have to do is to practice every day.我们所要做的就是每天练习。 2. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修饰时 There is no difficulty that we can't overcome.没有我们克服不了的困难。 3. 先行词被序数词修饰时 This is the first film that I have seen.这是我看过的第一部电影。 4. 先行词被最高级修饰时 This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。 5. 先行词被the only, the very, the same修饰时 He is the only person that can help you.他是唯一能帮你的人。 6. 先行词既有人又有物时 They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited.他们谈论了他们参观过的老师和学校。 7. 主句是以who 或 which开头的特殊疑问句时 Who is the girl that is standing there?站在那里的那个女孩是谁？ 三、关系副词用法详解表 关系副词 指代对象 在从句中的成分 相当于 例句 when 时间名词 时间状语 in/on/at + which I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.= I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing.我仍然记得我第一次来北京的那一天。 where 地点名词 地点状语 in/on/at + which This is the school where I studied ten years ago.= This is the school in which I studied ten years ago.这就是我十年前就读的学校。 why reason 原因状语 for which I don't know the reason why he was late.= I don't know the reason for which he was late.我不知道他迟到的原因。 四、关系代词 vs 关系副词判断方法 看从句是否缺成分！ 从句缺主语 / 宾语 / 表语 / 定语 → 用关系代词（who/whom/whose/which/that） 从句不缺成分 → 用关系副词（when/where/why） 例句对比： ① This is the factory where my father works.（从句 my father works 不缺宾语） ② This is the factory which my father visited.（从句 my father visited 缺宾语） 五、介词 + 关系代词 （1）基本规则 1.介词后指人只能用whom，不能用 who/that 2.介词后指物只能用which，不能用 that 3.介词的选择：根据先行词搭配、从句动词搭配、句子意思 （2）用法表 结构 例句 介词 + whom（指人） The man to whom you spoke is our teacher.= The man whom you spoke to is our teacher.你刚才和他说话的那个人是我们的老师。 介词 + which（指物） The house in which we live is very big.= The house which we live in is very big.我们住的房子很大。 名词 + of which/whom This is the book the cover of which is blue.= This is the book whose cover is blue.这就是那本封面是蓝色的书。 数词 + of which/whom I have many books, some of which are about English.我有很多书，其中一些是关于英语的。 （3）定语从句中的主谓一致 当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致： He is one of the students who are never late. （他是从不迟到的学生之一。→ 先行词是 students，复数） He is the only one of the students who is never late. （他是学生中唯一从不迟到的。→ 先行词是 the only one，单数） 1.This is the best movie ______ I have ever seen. A. which B. that C. who D. what 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这是我看过的最好的电影。先行词被最高级the best修饰时，只能用that，不能用which，选B。 【即时训练】 2.The man ______ is standing there is my English teacher. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 【答案】B 【解析】句意：站在那里的那个人是我的英语老师。先行词the man指人，从句中缺主语，用who，选B。 3.All ______ we can do is to study hard. A. which B. what C. that D. who 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我们所能做的就是努力学习。先行词为不定代词all时，只能用that，不能用which，选C。 4.This is the school ______ I studied 10 years ago. A. that B. which C. where D. when 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这就是我十年前就读的学校。先行词the school表地点，从句I studied不缺宾语，用关系副词where，选C。 5.The girl ______ you met just now is my sister. A. which B. whose C. where D. whom 【答案】D 【解析】句意：你刚才见到的那个女孩是我妹妹。先行词the girl指人，从句中缺met的宾语，用whom，选D。 6.I still remember the day ______ I first came to this school. A. which B. that C. when D. where 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。先行词the day表时间，从句不缺成分，用关系副词when，选C。 7.He is the only student ______ can answer this question. A. who B. that C. which D. whom 【答案】B 【解析】句意：他是唯一能回答这个问题的学生。先行词被the only修饰时，只能用that，选B。 8.The house ______ window faces south is my home. A. which B. that C. who D. whose 【答案】D 【解析】句意：那个窗户朝南的房子是我家。whose在从句中作定语，表"……的"，选D。 9.This is the first book ______ I bought this term. A. which B. that C. who D. what 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这是我这学期买的第一本书。先行词被序数词the first修饰时，只能用that，选B。 10.The man ______ you talked just now is our headmaster. A. to whom B. to who C. to which D. to that 【答案】A 【解析】句意：你刚才和他说话的那个人是我们校长。介词后指人只能用whom，不能用who/that，选A。 【考点2 非限制性定语从句】 一、非限制性定语从句的特点 特点 说明 逗号隔开 与先行词之间必须用逗号隔开 不能用 that 指人用 who/whom，指物用 which，绝对不能用 that 不能省略 关系词不能省略 补充说明 只起补充说明作用，去掉后主句仍完整 可指代整个主句 which 可指代前面整个主句，意为 "这一点、这件事" 二、非限制性定语从句用法表 关系词 用法 例句 who/whom/whose 指人 My brother, who is 18, is a college student.我弟弟 18 岁，是个大学生。Mr. Smith, whom you met yesterday, is our new teacher.（史密斯先生是我们的新老师，你昨天见过他。） which 指物 / 指代整个主句 The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting.这本书很有趣，我昨天买的。He didn't pass the exam, which made his parents very angry.他没通过考试，这让他父母很生气。（which 指代前面整句话） when/where 作状语 We will put off the meeting until next week, when we will be ready.我们把会议推迟到下周，那时我们就准备好了。They went to London, where they lived for 5 years.他们去了伦敦，在那里住了 5 年。 as 正如、如同 As we all know, China is a developing country.众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。 三、as 与 which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别 区别 as which 位置 可放句首、句中、句末 只能放句末 含义 有 "正如、如同" 之意 无此意，仅指代 搭配 常与 know/see/expect/imagine 连用 无固定搭配 例句 As is known to all, the earth is round.众所周知，地球是圆的。 The earth is round, which we all know.地球是圆的，这我们都知道。 四、限制性 vs 非限制性定语从句对比表 对比维度 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 逗号 无逗号 有逗号 that 可以用 that 不能用 that 关系词省略 作宾语可省略 不能省略 功能 修饰限定，不可缺少 补充说明，可省略 翻译 "…… 的"，译成定语 单独翻译，译成并列句 指代主句 不能 which 可以指代整个主句 例句对比 I have a sister who works in a hospital.我有一个在医院工作的姐姐。（可能还有其他姐姐） I have a sister, who works in a hospital.我有一个姐姐，她在医院工作。（只有一个姐姐） 五、定语从句核心考点总结 （1）关系词选用三步法 1.确定先行词：看先行词指人还是指物 2.分析从句成分： 从句缺主语 / 宾语 / 表语 / 定语 → 关系代词 从句不缺成分 → 关系副词 3.看特殊情况： 只能用 that 的 7 种情况 非限制性定语从句不用 that 介词后只用 whom/which （2）高频易错点汇总 易错点 正确 错误 非限制性定语从句用 that which I bought yesterday ❌ that I bought yesterday 介词后用 that the house in which we live ❌ the house in that we live 介词后用 who the man to whom you spoke ❌ the man to who you spoke 先行词 all 后用 which All that we need is time. ❌ All which we need is time. 先行词最高级后用 which the best film that I have seen ❌ the best film which I have seen 从句主谓不一致 one of the boys who are late ❌ one of the boys who is late which 指代整句放句首 As we all know ❌ Which we all know （3）定语从句解题口诀 先找先行词，人物要分清； 再看从句中，缺啥成分明； 缺主宾表定，代词来选用； 状语不缺成分，副词来填空； 特殊情况要记清，只用 that 有七种； 非限定不用 that，介词后只用 whom/which。 11.He failed the exam again, ______ made his parents very disappointed. A. that B. which C. who D. what 【答案】B 【解析】句意：他又考试不及格了，这让他父母很失望。非限制性定语从句中，which指代前面整个主句，意为"这一点、这件事"，不能用that，选B。 【即时训练】 12.______ is known to all, Taiwan is part of China. A. Which B. That C. As D. What 【答案】C 【解析】句意：众所周知，台湾是中国的一部分。as引导非限制性定语从句可放句首，表"正如"，which不能放句首，选C。 13.The book, ______ I bought yesterday, is very interesting. A. that B. which C. who D. what 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这本书很有趣，我昨天买的。非限制性定语从句指物用which，绝对不能用that，选B。 14.My mother, ______ you met last year, works in a hospital. A. who B. whom C. that D. which 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我妈妈在一家医院工作，你去年见过她。非限制性定语从句指人且作met的宾语用whom，不能用that，选B。 15.He has two daughters, ______ are doctors. A. both of them B. both of whom C. both of which D. both who 【答案】B 【解析】句意：他有两个女儿，都是医生。非限制性定语从句指人且在介词后用whom，选B。 16.We will go to Beijing next month, ______ we will visit the Great Wall. A. where B. when C. which D. that 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我们下个月去北京，那时我们将参观长城。先行词next month表时间，非限制性定语从句用when作状语，选B。 17.______ we expected, he won the first prize. A. Which B. That C. As D. What 【答案】C 【解析】句意：正如我们所预料的，他获得了一等奖。as引导非限制性定语从句，常与expect/know/see等连用，表"正如"，选C。 18.I bought a new car last week, ______ cost me 100,000 yuan. A. that B. which C. who D. it 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我上周买了一辆新车，花了我10万元。非限制性定语从句指物用which，不能用that，选B。 19.They moved to Shanghai last year, ______ they lived for 20 years. A. when B. where C. which D. that 【答案】B 【解析】句意：他们去年搬到了上海，在那里他们住了20年。先行词Shanghai表地点，非限制性定语从句用where作状语，选B。 20.The weather turned out to be very good, ______ was more than we expected. A. what B. that C. which D. it 【答案】C 【解析】句意：天气结果很好，这超出了我们的预料。非限制性定语从句which指代前面整个主句，选C。 04 真题溯源·考向感知 21.（2026年山西对口升学）The film ________ James saw yesterday is very interesting. A. which B. where C. who D. whose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：詹姆斯昨天看的那部电影非常有趣。 先行词the film指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，用which引导定语从句。 22.（2026年山西对口升学）September 14th is the day ________ my daughter was born. A. which B. that C. when D. where 【答案】C 【详解】句意：9月14日是我女儿出生的那一天。 先行词the day表时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，用when引导定语从句。 23.（2025 山西对口升学）All the toys ______ I put on the table are your birthday presents. A. who B. which C. that D. where 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我放在桌子上的所有玩具都是你的生日礼物。定语从句的先行词为all the toys，指物，且有all修饰，关系代词只能用that。故选C。 24.（2024 山西对口升学）The speaker said there were several reasons ______ Asia was recovering so quickly. A. that B. which C. why D. when 【答案】C 【解析】句意：演讲者说亚洲复苏如此之快的原因有几个。考查why引导的定语从句。why指代前面的reasons，并且在定语从句中 25.（2024 山西对口升学）He talked a great deal of his mother, with ______ he had lived happily for many years. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 【答案】B 【解析】句意：他谈了很多关于他母亲的事，多年来他一直和母亲幸福地生活在一起。考查"介词+关系代词"引导的非限制性定语从句。whom指代前面的his mother，在非限制性定语从句中作live with的宾语。故选B。 26.（2024 山西对口升学）The shop sells everything ______ is needed for camping. A. that B. which C. it D. wh 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这家商店出售露营所需的一切物品。考查that引导的定语从句。先行词是不定代词或者被不定代词修饰时，关系代词只能用that，此题中that指代前面的先行词everything，并且在定语从句中作主语。故选A。 27.（2023 山西对口升学）The people in Ukraine have been looking forward to the day ______ the war will end. A. which B. whose C. who D. when 【答案】D 【解析】句意：乌克兰人民期盼着战争结束的那一天。the day为定语从句的先行词，关系词指代先行词在定语从句中作时间状语。故选D。 28.（2023 河北对口升学）This is the best book ______ I have ever read. A. whom B. who C. that D. which 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这是我读过的最棒的书。先行词book被最高级the best修饰时，关系代词用that。故选C。 29.（2023 安徽对口升学）The best thing about the website is that the design is simple, ______ makes it easy to use. A. who B. that C. as D. which 【答案】D 【解析】句意：这个网站最好的地方是它的设计很简单，这让它很容易使用。通过逗号我们可以分析出这是非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整句话，并且从句中缺少主语。故选D。 30.（2023 山西对口升学）That is the very knife ______ I used to cut the apples yesterday. A. which B. who C. that D. when 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这正是我昨天用来切苹果的那把刀。考查定语从句。句中的used to并非"过去常常"的意思，而是表示"使用……去……"，used后面应该有宾语，选用关系代词；先行词中有the very修饰，关系代词用that，that指代先行词the very knife并且在定语从句中作used的宾语。故选C。 31.（2022 山西对口升学）It's the best thing ______ happened to me. A. which B. that C. what D. whose 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这是发生在我身上的最好的事情。先行词有最高级修饰时，关系词用that。故选B。 32.（2022 山西对口升学）Is this the house ______ you lived ten years ago? A. that B. which C. where D. why 【答案】C 【解析】主句部分Is this the house...转换成陈述语序为This is the house...。the house为定语从句的先行词，定语从句中缺地点状语，用where或者in which。故选C。 33.（2021 山西对口升学）The reason ______ the injection needs repeating every year is that the virus changes. A. which B. whether C. if D. why 【答案】D 【解析】句意：每年需要重新注射的原因是这种病毒在变化。空格处所填词在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词the reason，关系词在定语从句中作状语，表原因，故选关系副词why，且常构成句型：The reason why + 从句 + is + that + 从句，表示"……的原因是……"。故选D。 34.（2020 山西对口升学）Do you remember ______ he said at the meeting? A. all that B. that which C. all what D. anything of which 【答案】A 【解析】句意：你还记得他在会上说的话吗？all是不定代词作先行词，在定语从句中作谓语动词said的宾语，因此用关系代词that或可以省略。故选A。 35.（2020 山西对口升学）The only thing ______ can be done is to stop them from going there. A. who B. that C. what D. which 【答案】B 【解析】句意：唯一能做的事情就是阻止他们去那里。先行词是the only thing，在定语从句中作主语。当先行词被the only修饰时，只用that，不用which。故选B。 谢谢观看 $