专题1 动词的时态(讲义)-【2027版】山西省(对口升学)《英语一轮讲练测》(原卷版+解析版)

2026-07-14
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编写说明:【2027版】山西省(对口升学)《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练,在编写中融入支架式教学理念,紧扣教材,将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单,以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础,再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强,实操性好,为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径,高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是【2027版】山西省(对口升学)《英语一轮讲练测》的第1个专题,内容为动词的时态。 【2027版】山西省(对口升学) 《英语一轮讲练测》复习讲义 专题1 动词的时态 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 考点1 动词的时态 即时训练 04 真题溯源·考向感知 【复习目标】 《山西省中等职业学校学生对口升学考试英语考试大纲(试行)》要求:理解动词时态的形式和意义并正确使用:掌握动词时态的定义和一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时的用法。 【考点1 动词的时态】 一、动词的时态 (1)定义 英语中不同的时间和方式发生的动作或状态需用谓语动词的不同形式来表示,这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称为动词的时态。 (2)英语16种时态(中职对口升学要求掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时。) 体态分类 现在时间 过去时间 将来时间 过去将来时间 一般式(陈述事实) 一般现在时 do/does 一般过去时 did 一般将来时 will do 过去将来时 would do 进行式(正在进行) 现在进行时 am/is/are doing 过去进行时 was/were doing 将来进行时 will be doing 过去将来进行时 would be doing 完成式(动作完成) 现在完成时 have/has done 过去完成时 had done 将来完成时 will have done 过去将来完成时 would have done 完成进行式(持续进行) 现在完成进行时 have/has been doing 过去完成进行时 had been doing 将来完成进行时 will have been doing 过去将来完成进行时 would have been doing 二、一般现在时 (1)一般现在时的构成 句式 实义动词 Be动词 肯定句 主语 + 动词原形 / 动词第三人称单数 + 其他 主语 + am / is / are + 其他 否定式 主语 + don’t / doesn’t + 动词原形 + 其他 主语 + am / is / are + not + 其他 一般疑问式 Do / Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? Am / Is / Are + 主语 + 其他? 特殊疑问式 疑问词 + do / does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? 特殊疑问式 | 疑问词 + am / is / are + 主语 + 其他? (2)一般现在时的用法 用法 结构 例句 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或行为 常搭配频率类时间标志词:always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day/week/month/year, on weekdays/on weekends I usually get up at six o'clock every morning. 我通常每天早上六点起床。 She sometimes walks to school on weekends. 她周末有时步行去上学。 表示人、事物固有的身份、特征、性格、能力与状态 描述主语长期不变的属性、外貌、性格、爱好、拥有的能力、所处状态等,无明显时间限制。 He likes playing basketball. 他喜欢打篮球。 The little girl speaks English well. 这个小女孩英语说得很好。 表示客观真理、自然现象、科学规律 这类内容是永恒不变的事实,无论主句为何种时态,从句一律使用一般现在时。 My teacher said the earth goes around the sun. 地球围绕太阳运转。 表示格言、谚语、俗语 名言警句、人生哲理、传统谚语属于通用道理,固定使用一般现在时。 Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧 用于 “主将从现” 语法结构 条件状语从句(引导词:if, unless) If it is fine tomorrow, we will go for a picnic. 如果明天天气好,我们就去野餐。 You will fail unless you work hard. 你如果不努力,就会失败。 时间状语从句(引导词:when, as soon as, until, before, after) I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back. 他一回来,我就把消息告诉他。 She will wait here until you arrive. 她会在这里一直等到你到来。 表示按时刻表、日程表、既定安排将要发生的动作 多用于交通、课程、演出、赛事等有固定时间安排的场景,强调计划不可随意更改,常用动词:go, come, leave, arrive, start, begin, finish, take off。 The train leaves at seven thirty. 这趟火车七点三十分发车。 课程安排:Our class begins at 8:00 a.m. 我们上午八点开始上课。 用于现场解说、图片 / 图文描述、剧情介绍 解说员实时描述正在发生的比赛、表演动作,习惯使用一般现在时。 Li Ming passes the ball to Wang Tao. Wang Tao shoots! 李明把球传给王涛,王涛射门! 介绍画面里的人物、动作、场景。 Look at the picture. A boy sits under the big tree. 看这张图片,一个男孩坐在大树下。 概括故事内容、人物行为,统一使用一般现在时。 The story tells us a brave boy helps an old man. 这个故事讲述了一个勇敢的男孩帮助一位老人的故事。 三、一般过去时 (1)一般过去时的构成 句式 实义动词 Be动词 肯定句 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 主语 + was / were + 其他 否定式 主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他 主语 + was / were + not + 其他 一般疑问式 Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? Was / Were + 主语 + 其他? 特殊疑问式 疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? 疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? (2)一般过去时的用法 用法 结构 例句 表示过去特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态 动作、状态发生并结束在过去某个明确时间,与现在无关联。常搭配时间标志词:yesterday、yesterday morning/afternoon、last week/year/month、...ago、just now、in + 过去年份、at + 过去具体时刻 等。 I met an old friend yesterday. 我昨天遇到了一位老朋友。She was in Beijing three years ago. 三年前她在北京。 表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作 描述过去一段时间内反复发生的行为,常搭配 often, usually, always, sometimes, every day(过去语境) 等频度词;也可用 used to do 强调 “过去常常做(现在已不做)”。 When I was young, I often played games after school. 我小时候,放学后经常玩游戏。He used to walk to school. 他过去常常步行去上学。(现在不再步行) 主句为过去将来时,从句使用一般过去时 对应现在时态的主将从现,若主句谓语为过去将来时(would do /was/were going to do),时间、条件状语从句要用一般过去时表 “过去视角下将要发生的动作”,也称主过从过。 He said he would go hiking if it was fine the next day. 他说如果第二天天气好,他就去远足。She told me she would call me as soon as she arrived home. 她告诉我,她一到家就给我打电话。 since 引导的时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时 since 意为 “自从…… 以来”,主句常用现在完成时,since 后面的从句必须使用一般过去时,用来标注动作 / 状态的起始时间点。基本句式:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + since + 主语 + 动词过去式 I have lived here since I was ten years old. 我从十岁起就住在这里了It has been five years since we met last time. 自从我们上次见面,已经过去五年了。 对话语境中,强调 “刚才、刚刚” 发生的动作 日常口语、情景对话里,用一般过去时强调片刻之前、刚刚完成的动作,侧重动作已经结束,区别于现在进行时。 — Why are you out of breath? 你为什么气喘吁吁? — I ran to the classroom. 我刚才跑着进教室的。 固定句型中使用一般过去时 It’s (high) time + 主语 + 动词过去式 固定句型,表示 “该做某事了”,从句用一般过去时表委婉建议、提醒,属于虚拟语气用法。 It’s time we went to bed. 我们该睡觉了。 would rather + 主语 + 动词过去式(虚拟语气) would rather 意为 “宁愿”,后接从句时,从句使用一般过去时,表示与现在 / 将来事实相反的主观愿望。 I would rather you stayed at home now. 我宁愿你现在待在家里。 四、一般将来时 (1)一般将来时的构成(will / shall 结构) 句式 will / shall 结构 Be动词 肯定句 主语 + will / shall + 动词原形 + 其他 主语 + will / shall + be + 其他 否定式 主语 + won’t / shan’t + 动词原形 + 其他 主语 + won’t / shan’t + be + 其他 一般疑问式 Will / Shall + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? Will / Shall + 主语 + be + 其他? 特殊疑问式 疑问词 + will / shall + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? 疑问词 + will / shall + 主语 + be + 其他? (2)一般将来时的构成(be going to 结构) 句式 be going to 结构 Be动词 肯定句 主语 + am / is / are going to + 动词原形 + 其他 主语 + am / is / are going to + be + 其他 否定式 主语 + am / is / are not going to + 动词原形 + 其他 主语 + am / is / are not going to + be + 其他 一般疑问式 Am / Is / Are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他? Am / Is / Are + 主语 + going to + be + 其他? 特殊疑问式 疑问词 + am / is / are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他? 疑问词 + am / is / are + 主语 + going to + be + 其他? (3)一般将来时的特殊构成 结构 用法 例句 be doing(现在进行时表将来) 多用于表示位移、往返的动词:go、come、leave、arrive、fly、move、start、travel 等,侧重已安排好、即将发生的近期动作。 She is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 她明天动身前往上海。 We are coming to see you this weekend. 我们这周末要来看你。 be about to do(即将、正要做某事) 强调动作马上、立刻就要发生,时间间隔极短;不与 tomorrow, next week 等具体将来时间状语连用,常搭配 when 引导的时间状语从句。 The class is about to begin. 课马上就要开始了。 I was about to go out when it rained. 我正要出门,突然下起了雨。 be to do(按计划、命令、安排将要做) 多用于正式语境,侧重官方计划、规定、命令、注定发生的动作,常见于通知、新闻、正式安排。 The sports meeting is to be held next Friday. 运动会定于下周五举行。 You are to finish the task before noon. 你必须在中午前完成这项任务。 (4)一般将来时的用法 用法 结构 例句 搭配将来时间状语,表将来发生的动作或状态 常搭配时间标志词: 单个时间词:tomorrow(明天)、tonight(今晚)、soon(不久、很快) 含 next 短语:next day /next week /next month /next year(第二天 / 下周 / 下月 / 明年) in + 时间段:in three days(三天后)、in a week(一周后)、in the future(在将来) 其他:later(稍后)、this afternoon /this evening(今天下午 / 今晚) We will have a math test tomorrow. 我们明天将要进行数学测试。 She is going to visit her grandma next week. 她下周打算去看望奶奶。 祈使句 + and + 一般将来时 含义:表示顺承关系,译为 “做……,就会……”,前一个动作顺利发生,就会带来积极结果。 结构:动词原形开头 + 逗号 + and + 主语 + will + 动词原形 Work hard, and you will get good grades. 努力学习,你就会取得好成绩。 Read more books, and you will learn a lot. 多读书,你就会学到很多知识。 祈使句 + or + 一般将来时 含义:表示转折 / 警示关系,译为 “做……,否则……”,不执行前面的动作,就会产生不良后果。 结构:动词原形开头 + 逗号 + or + 主语 + will + 动词原形 Get up early, or you will be late for school. 早点起床,否则你上学就要迟到了。 Don’t run in the hallways, or you will hurt yourself. 不要在走廊奔跑,否则你会受伤。 五、过去将来时 (1)过去将来时的构成(would 结构) 句式 will / shall 结构 Be动词 肯定句 主语 + would + 动词原形 + 其他 主语 + would + be + 其他 否定式 主语 + wouldn’t + 动词原形 + 其他 主语 + wouldn’t + be + 其他 一般疑问式 Would + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? Would + 主语 + be + 其他? 特殊疑问式 疑问词 + would + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? 疑问词 + would + 主语 + be + 其他? (2)过去将来时的构成(was / were going to 结构) 句式 be going to 结构 Be动词 肯定句 主语 + was / were going to + 动词原形 + 其他 主语 + was / were going to + be + 其他 否定式 主语 + was / were not going to + 动词原形 + 其他 主语 + was / were not going to + be + 其他 一般疑问式 Was / Were + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他? Was / Were + 主语 + going to + be + 其他? 特殊疑问式 疑问词 + was / were + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他? 疑问词 + was / were + 主语 + going to + be + 其他? (3)过去将来时的用法 结构 用法 例句 would + 动词原形 多用于宾语从句,主句谓语动词为过去式(said/told/thought/hoped 等),转述他人当时的想法、打算、承诺。 He said he would help me with my English. 他说他会帮我补习英语。 描述过去习惯性的倾向、意愿。 When he was young, he would walk along the river after dinner. 他小时候,晚饭后总会沿着河边散步。 was /were going to + 动词原形 侧重过去已经计划、安排好,原本打算要做的事。 We were going to have a picnic, but it rained. 我们原本打算去野餐,结果下雨了。 可表示根据过去的迹象,判断当时即将发生的动作。 The sky was dark. It was going to rain. 当时天色阴沉,眼看就要下雨了。 常暗含 “计划最终没能实现” 的含义。 She was going to buy a new bike last month. 上个月她本来打算买一辆新自行车。 was /were about to do ... when ... 固定句式,意为 “某人正要做某事,就在这时……”。 was/were about to do 强调过去那一刻动作即将发生(时间极近,马上就要做);when 引导并列句,后接突然发生的短暂动作,用一般过去时。 I was about to leave when the teacher came in. 我正要离开,这时老师进来了。I was about to leave when the teacher came in. 我正要离开,这时老师进来了。 He was about to go to bed when his friend called him. 他刚要上床睡觉,朋友突然给他打来了电话。 六、现在进行时 (1)现在进行时的构成 句式 结构 肯定句 主语 + am / is / are + 动词-ing + 其他 否定式 主语 + am / is / are + not + 动词-ing + 其他 一般疑问式 Am / Is / Are + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他? 特殊疑问式 疑问词 + am / is / are + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他? (2)现在进行时的用法 用法 常用标志词 例句 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作 常用标志词:now(现在)、look(看)、listen(听)、at the moment(此刻) Look! The children are playing on the playground. 看!孩子们正在操场上玩耍。 表示现阶段正在进行,此刻未必在做的动作 常用标志词:these days(这些天)、recently(近来)、this week(这周) He is learning French these days. 他这些天一直在学法语。(说话时不一定正在学) 表位置移动、往返类动词,用进行时表将来 常用动词:go, come, leave, arrive, fly, move, start, travel My uncle is coming to visit us tomorrow. 我叔叔明天要来看我们。 She is leaving for Beijing next Monday. 她下周一动身前往北京。 现在进行时搭配 always、constantly,不再单纯描述习惯性动作,而是带有厌烦、不满、夸赞、惊讶等主观情绪 表不满、抱怨、批评 You are always talking in class. 你总在课堂上讲话。(抱怨) 表赞赏、夸奖 She is always helping others. 她总是乐于助人。(夸赞) 七、过去进行时 (1)过去进行时的构成 句式 结构 肯定句 主语 + was / were + 动词-ing + 其他 否定式 主语 + was / were + 动词-ing + 其他 一般疑问式 Was / Were + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他? 特殊疑问式 疑问词 + was / were + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他? (2)过去进行时的用法 用法 常用标志词 例句 强调在过去精准的时间点,动作正在发生 常用标志词:at 8:00 last night(昨晚八点)、at this time yesterday(昨天这个时候)、then(那时) I was watching TV at nine o'clock last night. 昨晚九点我正在看电视。 表示过去某一时间段持续进行的动作 all day yesterday(昨天一整天)、from morning to afternoon last Friday(上周五从早到晚)、during that period(在那段时间里) She was reading books from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. yesterday. 昨天下午两点到四点她一直在看书。 when 引导从句 主句用过去进行时(长动作,持续进行),从句用一般过去时(短动作,突然发生),译为 “正在做某事,这时……”。 I was walking along the street when I met an old friend. 我正走在街上,这时遇到了一位老朋友。 while 引导从句 while 强调动作同步进行,主从句常用过去进行时,表示 “正当…… 的时候,与此同时……”。 My mother was cooking while my father was washing dishes. 妈妈在做饭,爸爸在洗碗。 位移类动词,过去进行时表过去将来 go、come、leave、arrive、fly、move 等位置移动类动词,可用过去进行时,表示从过去视角看,当时计划好、即将发生的动作。 He told me he was leaving for Guangzhou the next day. 他告诉我他第二天就要动身去广州。 过去进行时搭配 always、constantly,不再单纯描述过去习惯,而是抒发过去的厌烦、抱怨、赞赏等情绪 表抱怨、不满 He was always making mistakes when he studied here. 他在这儿学习时,老是犯错误。(抱怨) 表夸赞、肯定 She was always helping others when she was young. 她年少时总是乐于助人。(夸奖) 八、现在完成时 (1)现在完成时的构成 句式 结构 肯定句 主语 + have / has + 动词过去分词 + 其他 否定式 主语 + have / has + not + 动词过去分词 + 其他 一般疑问式 Have / Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他? 特殊疑问式 疑问词 + have / has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他? (2)现在完成时的用法 用法 常用标志词 例句 表示过去发生的动作,对现在造成结果或影响 just(刚刚)、already(已经,多用于肯定句)、yet(还、已经,多用于否定句和疑问句末尾) I have finished my homework. 我已经写完作业了。(影响:现在可以休息、玩耍) She has lost her key. 她把钥匙弄丢了。(影响:现在没有钥匙,无法开门) 表示动作从过去某一时间开始,一直持续到现在(句中动词必须是延续性动词) for + 一段时间,侧重描述动作持续的时长。 I have lived in this city for ten years. 我在这座城市已经住了十年。(十年前入住,现在仍住在这里) since + 过去时间点(年份、日期、时刻) He has worked here since 2018. 自从 2018 年起,他就在这里工作了。 since + 一般过去时从句(从句动作是时间起点) I have known her since I was a child. 我从小就认识她了。 经典固定句型 It is / It has been + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时从句 (自从…… 以来,已经过去多久了) It has been three years since we met last time. 自从我们上次见面,已经过去三年了。 描述从出生到现在为止,曾经有过或从未有过的经历、体验,强调 “人生履历”,动作可反复发生。 ever(曾经,多用于疑问句)、never(从未)、once(一次)、twice(两次)、several times(数次) Have you ever been to Beijing? 你曾经去过北京吗? I have never eaten Japanese food. 我从来没有吃过日本料理。 用于地点 / 场景类语境,结合语境表状态 多用于日常对话、场景描述,侧重当下所处状态 ---Where is your mother? 你妈妈在哪? ---She has gone shopping. 她去购物了。(现在不在家) 用于主句,搭配 so far /up to now /in the past + 时间段 so far(到目前为止)、up to now(直到现在)、in the past five years(在过去五年里)、during these years(这些年来) So far, we have learned over 800 words. 到目前为止,我们已经学了 800 多个单词。 Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years. 过去十年里,我的家乡发生了巨大变化。 宾语从句中的用法 主句为现在时态,从句描述 “至今为止的经历 / 影响”,从句用现在完成时。 He says he has finished his homework. 他说他已经写完作业了。 (3)拓展辨析: have been to /have gone to /have been in have been to + 地点 去过某地(现在已经返回,人在现场),侧重经历。 例:She has been to Guangzhou. 她去过广州。(现已回来) have gone to + 地点 去了某地(人还在目的地,未返回,此刻不在现场)。 例:My father has gone to Wuhan. 我爸爸去武汉了。(人还在武汉) have been in + 地点 + 时间段 待在某地(强调停留时长,常与 for/since 连用)。 例:We have been in Beijing for a month. 我们在北京待了一个月。 (4)短暂性动词转延续性动词: 短暂性动词 延续性动词 例句 die be dead His dog has been dead for two months. buy / receive have I have had this book for two years. marry be married They have been married for three years. finish / end be over The film has been over for 10 minutes. join be in/ be a member of He has been in the army for two years. begin / start be on The meeting has been on for an hour. borrow keep I have kept the book for a week. fall asleep be asleep The baby has been asleep for three hours. get to know know I have known him since 2020. leave be away He has been away from home for a week. arrive / come be here / be in She has been here since 9:00. put on wear / have on / be dressed in She has worn this dress for a day. fall ill be ill He has been ill for a week. go out be out They have been out for two hours. lose be lost My key has been lost for three days. (5)“be + 形容词/副词/介词短语” 替代终止性动词: 用“be + 形容词” 用“be + 副词” 用“be + 介词短语” marry → be married start / begin → be on go to / come to / move to → be in / at + 地点 fall ill / get ill → be ill get up → be up join the army → be in the army die → be dead return to / come back to / go back to → be back (to) fall asleep / get asleep → be asleep come / arrive / reach / get here → be here wake / wake up → be awake go / arrive / reach / get there → be there (6)现在完成时常用句型 句型 例句 It is / has been + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时从句 It is two years since his father died. 自从他爸爸去世已经两年了。 It was / had been + 时间段 + since + 过去完成时从句 It was two years since I had last seen her. 我上次见她已经是两年前的事了。 It/That is the + 序数词 + time + that + 从句(现在完成时) That is the second time that she has won the game. 这是她第二次赢得比赛。 It/That was the + 序数词 + time + that + 从句(过去完成时) It was the first time that I had been to England. 这是我第一次去英格兰。 This is the + 最高级 + 名词 + that + 从句(现在完成时) That is the best movie that we have ever seen. 那是我们看过的最好的电影。 This was the + 最高级 + 名词 + that + 从句(过去完成时) This was the worst storm that had hit the area in a decade. 这是十年来袭击该地区最严重的一场暴风雨。 九、过去完成时 (1)过去完成时的构成 句式 结构 肯定句 主语 + had + 动词过去分词 + 其他 否定式 主语 + had + not + 动词过去分词 + 其他 一般疑问式 Had + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他? 特殊疑问式 疑问词 + had + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他? (2)过去完成时的用法 用法 特征 例句 动作发生在过去某一时间点 / 动作之前,即 “过去的过去” 句中必须有一个明确的过去动作作参照,先发生的动作使用过去完成时,后发生的动作使用一般过去时。 She found the book that she had lost. 她找到了她丢失的书。(“丢书” 发生在 “找到” 之前) 动作从过去某一时间点开始,一直持续到过去另一时间点,强调 “过去时间段内的持续”,类似现在完成时的 “未完成用法”。 since + 过去时间点 for + 时间段 by + 过去时间(如 by the end of last year) before/when 引导的一般过去时从句 I had learned 3,000 English words by the end of last year. 去年年底前我已经学了 3000 个英语单词。(截止到 “去年年底” 这个过去时间点,动作已完成) He said he had lived in that village since 1976. 他说自从 1976 年起他就住在那个村子里。(“住村子” 从 1976 年持续到他说话的过去时间点) 用于 hardly/scarcely...when... 和 no sooner...than... 句型 表示 “刚一…… 就……”,强调动作的紧接发生。 I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me. 我刚结束工作,他就来看我了。I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow. 我刚进屋,就下起了雪。 用于 “第几次做某事” 句型:That/It was the + 序数词 + time that + 从句 主句用一般过去时(was),从句必须用过去完成时。 That/It was the second time that she had seen her grandfather. 那是她第二次见她爷爷。 十、现在完成进行时 (1)现在完成进行时的构成 句式 结构 肯定句 主语 + have/has + been + doing 否定式 主语 + have/has + not + been + doing 一般疑问式 Have/Has + 主语 + been + doing? (2)现在完成进行时的用法 用法 特征 例句 表示动作从过去开始,一直持续到现在,并且仍在进行 强调动作的持续性和过程性,常搭配 for + 时间段 / since + 时间点。 I have been learning English since I was 10 years old. 我从 10 岁起就一直在学英语。(学英语的动作从过去持续到现在,仍在继续) 表示近期反复发生的动作,带有明显感情色彩 常搭配 always, all the time,带有抱怨、不满、惊讶的语气。 She has been calling me five times today. 她今天已经给我打了五次电话了。(不满 / 惊讶) 表示刚刚结束的动作,对现在有明显影响 动作刚刚结束,但仍能看到当下的状态或结果,侧重动作的过程。 My hands are dirty. I have been cleaning the house. 我的手很脏,我一直在打扫房子。(打扫刚结束,手上的脏污是结果 (3)现在完成进行时与完成时的区别 对比维度 现在完成时(have/has done) 现在完成进行时(have/has been doing) 核心侧重点 强调动作的结果、完成状态、影响或经历 强调动作的持续过程、反复性和未完成性 动作状态 动作已完成,或侧重完成后的结果 动作仍在进行,或刚刚结束但强调过程 搭配动词 可接延续性 / 短暂性动词(短暂性动词需转换 只能接延续性动词,表示持续过程 感情色彩 中性客观描述,无明显情绪 常带抱怨、不满、惊讶等主观情绪 典型例句 I have read the book.(我读过这本书,侧重 “读过” 这个结果) I have been reading the book.(我一直在读这本书,侧重 “读” 的过程,还没读完) She has written three letters.(她写了三封信,侧重 “完成数量”) She has been writing letters all morning.(她一早上都在写信,侧重 “持续过程”) 十一、将来完成时 (1)将来完成时的构成 句式 结构 肯定句 主语 + will/shall + have + done 否定式 主语 + will/shall + not + have + done 一般疑问式 Will/Shall + 主语 + have + done? (2)将来完成进行时的用法 用法 特征 例句 表示将来某一时间点前已经完成的动作 强调截止到未来某个特定时间,动作将全部完成,常搭配 by + 将来时间、by the time + 一般现在时从句 等标志。 By the end of this term, we will have learned 1,500 new words. 到本学期末,我们将已经学完 1500 个新单词。 By the time you arrive, I will have finished cooking dinner. 等你到的时候,我早就把晚饭做好了。 Before she leaves for Beijing, she will have visited all her friends. 动身去北京前,她会拜访完所有朋友。 表示对将来某一阶段前已完成动作的推测 语气比一般将来时更肯定,侧重 “按计划 / 进度,到那时必然已完成”。 By this time next year, I will have graduated from high school. 明年这个时候,我就已经高中毕业啦。 They will have built the new bridge by next summer. 到明年夏天,他们就会把新桥建好了。 【即时训练】 1.The teacher told us that the sun ______ in the east. A. rose B. rises C. will rise D. has risen 2.If it ______ fine tomorrow, we will go hiking together. A. is B. was C. will be D. are 3.My brother usually ______ basketball after school every day. A. play B. plays C. played D. will play 4.It’s high time that you ______ your homework right now. A. do B. did C. will do D. are doing 5.—Where were you at eight last night? —I ______ TV at home. A. watch B. watched C. was watching D. am watching 6.Look! The birds ______ happily in the tree. A. sing B. sang C. are singing D. were singing 7.He ______ to Beijing twice, so he knows the city well. A. has been B. has gone C. went D. goes 8.I ______ this book for three weeks. I still haven’t finished it. A. bought B. have bought C. have had D. had 9.She said she ______ us as soon as she arrived there. A. will help B. would help C. helped D. is helping 10.Hurry up! The train ______ in five minutes. A. leaves B. left C. is leaving D. has left 11.Work hard, ______ you will get good grades in the exam. A. or B. and C. but D. so 12.Get up early, ______ you will be late for school. A. and B. so C. or D. if 13.It ______ five years since we became friends. A. is B. was C. will be D. had been 14.When I got to the classroom, all the students ______. A. left B. have left C. had left D. were leaving 15.It was the first time that he ______ such a wonderful film. A. see B. saw C. has seen D. had seen 16.I was about to go out ______ my friend came to visit me. A. while B. when C. as D. until 17.They ______ in this factory since 2020. A. worked B. work C. have worked D. are working 18.My grandfather ______ walk along the river after dinner when he was young. A. will B. would C. is going to D. was 19.This is the best story that I ______ so far. A. read B. am reading C. have read D. had read 20.He ______ for the exam all these days, so he is very tired now. A. prepares B. prepared C. has been preparing D. was preparing 21.(2026年山西对口升学)This is the first time that they ________ my hometown. A. visit B. visited C. have visited D. had visited 22.(2025山西对口升学) He told us that he ______ the well-known ancient town the next day. A. visits B. would visit C. visited D. had visited 23. (2025山西对口升学)As he ______ the text, he can’t tell you what he thinks of it. A. doesn’t read B. hasn’t read C. didn’t read D. hadn’t read 24. (2025山西对口升学)The book which was written by a famous author last year ______ by many people now! A. is read B. is being read C. was read D. has read 25. (2024山西对口升学)It was the first time that he ______ her since last meeting in town. A. has seen B. had seen C. saw D. was seeing 26. (2024湖南对口升学)Jack ______ for the bookstore. Do you have any books to be bought? A. is leaving B. had left C. was leaving D. left 27. (2024山西对口升学)The speaker said that light ______ much faster than sound. A. traveled B. will travel C. travels D. has traveled 28. (2023河北对口升学)We are going to climb the Great Wall if it ______ tomorrow. A. will not rain B. doesn’t rain C. would not rain D. didn’t rain 29.(2023安徽对口升学) Nowadays, environmental protection ______ as one of the most important tasks for us. A. takes B. took C. is taken D. was taken 30.(2023山西对口升学) It’s high time that the company ______ the importance of teamwork. A. realized B. would realize C. realize D. will realize 31. (2023山西对口升学)Mary is a kind girl and she often ______ us learn English. A. help B. helping C. helps D. helped 32. (2022山西对口升学)Eva told the news to everybody she ______. A. sees B. see C. to see D. saw 33.(2022山西对口升学) It ______ long before the meeting begins. A. is B. will not be C. is to be D. will not have been 34. (2022山西对口升学)Neither of the answers ______ correct. A. are B. will be C. is D. to be 35.(2021山西对口升学) It’s high time that you ______ able to get yourself up, my boy! A. are B. were C. will be D. can be 36. (2021山西对口升学)I ______ for nearly ten years. A. have been gardening B. had been gardening C. am gardening D. am being gardening 37. (2021山西对口升学)They arrived at 9:30 as they ______. A. promised B. have promised C. had promised D. were promising 38. (2021山西对口升学)Only a few people from this community ______ morning exercises in the park every day. A. do B. does C. did D. has done 39. (2020山西对口升学)He was late again because he ______. A. oversleeps B. had overslept C. has overslept D. was oversleeping 40. (2020山西对口升学)—What did Sandy say? —She said they ______ a school trip the next weekend. A. had B. have C. will have D. would have 41.(2020山西对口升学) Last week, the teacher, as well as a number of students, ______ to attend the party. A. was invited B. be invited C. were invited D. had been invited 42.(2020山西对口升学) If traffic problems are not solved soon, driving in the city ______ impossible. A. become B. becomes C. will become D. will have become 43.(2020广东对口升学) If she ______, tell her I’ll call her back tonight. A. calling B. will call C. calls D. called 44. (2019四川对口升学)Hurry up! Our train ______ in ten minutes. A. is left B. is leaving C. has left D. left 45. (2019山西对口升学)They won’t buy a new car because they ______ money to buy a new house. A. are saving B. were saving C. have saved D. save 46. (2018山西对口升学)I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final, for he ______ for it for months. A. is preparing B. was preparing C. has been preparing D. had prepared 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 编写说明:【2027版】山西省(对口升学)《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练,在编写中融入支架式教学理念,紧扣教材,将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单,以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础,再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强,实操性好,为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径,高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是【2027版】山西省(对口升学)《英语一轮讲练测》的第1个专题,内容为动词的时态。 【2027版】山西省(对口升学) 《英语一轮讲练测》复习讲义 专题1 动词的时态 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 考点1 动词的时态 即时训练 04 真题溯源·考向感知 【复习目标】 《山西省中等职业学校学生对口升学考试英语考试大纲(试行)》要求:理解动词时态的形式和意义并正确使用:掌握动词时态的定义和一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时的用法。 【考点1 动词的时态】 一、动词的时态 (1)定义 英语中不同的时间和方式发生的动作或状态需用谓语动词的不同形式来表示,这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称为动词的时态。 (2)英语16种时态(中职对口升学要求掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时。) 体态分类 现在时间 过去时间 将来时间 过去将来时间 一般式(陈述事实) 一般现在时 do/does 一般过去时 did 一般将来时 will do 过去将来时 would do 进行式(正在进行) 现在进行时 am/is/are doing 过去进行时 was/were doing 将来进行时 will be doing 过去将来进行时 would be doing 完成式(动作完成) 现在完成时 have/has done 过去完成时 had done 将来完成时 will have done 过去将来完成时 would have done 完成进行式(持续进行) 现在完成进行时 have/has been doing 过去完成进行时 had been doing 将来完成进行时 will have been doing 过去将来完成进行时 would have been doing 二、一般现在时 (1)一般现在时的构成 句式 实义动词 Be动词 肯定句 主语 + 动词原形 / 动词第三人称单数 + 其他 主语 + am / is / are + 其他 否定式 主语 + don’t / doesn’t + 动词原形 + 其他 主语 + am / is / are + not + 其他 一般疑问式 Do / Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? Am / Is / Are + 主语 + 其他? 特殊疑问式 疑问词 + do / does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? 特殊疑问式 | 疑问词 + am / is / are + 主语 + 其他? (2)一般现在时的用法 用法 结构 例句 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或行为 常搭配频率类时间标志词:always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day/week/month/year, on weekdays/on weekends I usually get up at six o'clock every morning. 我通常每天早上六点起床。 She sometimes walks to school on weekends. 她周末有时步行去上学。 表示人、事物固有的身份、特征、性格、能力与状态 描述主语长期不变的属性、外貌、性格、爱好、拥有的能力、所处状态等,无明显时间限制。 He likes playing basketball. 他喜欢打篮球。 The little girl speaks English well. 这个小女孩英语说得很好。 表示客观真理、自然现象、科学规律 这类内容是永恒不变的事实,无论主句为何种时态,从句一律使用一般现在时。 My teacher said the earth goes around the sun. 地球围绕太阳运转。 表示格言、谚语、俗语 名言警句、人生哲理、传统谚语属于通用道理,固定使用一般现在时。 Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧 用于 “主将从现” 语法结构 条件状语从句(引导词:if, unless) If it is fine tomorrow, we will go for a picnic. 如果明天天气好,我们就去野餐。 You will fail unless you work hard. 你如果不努力,就会失败。 时间状语从句(引导词:when, as soon as, until, before, after) I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back. 他一回来,我就把消息告诉他。 She will wait here until you arrive. 她会在这里一直等到你到来。 表示按时刻表、日程表、既定安排将要发生的动作 多用于交通、课程、演出、赛事等有固定时间安排的场景,强调计划不可随意更改,常用动词:go, come, leave, arrive, start, begin, finish, take off。 The train leaves at seven thirty. 这趟火车七点三十分发车。 课程安排:Our class begins at 8:00 a.m. 我们上午八点开始上课。 用于现场解说、图片 / 图文描述、剧情介绍 解说员实时描述正在发生的比赛、表演动作,习惯使用一般现在时。 Li Ming passes the ball to Wang Tao. Wang Tao shoots! 李明把球传给王涛,王涛射门! 介绍画面里的人物、动作、场景。 Look at the picture. A boy sits under the big tree. 看这张图片,一个男孩坐在大树下。 概括故事内容、人物行为,统一使用一般现在时。 The story tells us a brave boy helps an old man. 这个故事讲述了一个勇敢的男孩帮助一位老人的故事。 三、一般过去时 (1)一般过去时的构成 句式 实义动词 Be动词 肯定句 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 主语 + was / were + 其他 否定式 主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他 主语 + was / were + not + 其他 一般疑问式 Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? Was / Were + 主语 + 其他? 特殊疑问式 疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? 疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? (2)一般过去时的用法 用法 结构 例句 表示过去特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态 动作、状态发生并结束在过去某个明确时间,与现在无关联。常搭配时间标志词:yesterday、yesterday morning/afternoon、last week/year/month、...ago、just now、in + 过去年份、at + 过去具体时刻 等。 I met an old friend yesterday. 我昨天遇到了一位老朋友。She was in Beijing three years ago. 三年前她在北京。 表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作 描述过去一段时间内反复发生的行为,常搭配 often, usually, always, sometimes, every day(过去语境) 等频度词;也可用 used to do 强调 “过去常常做(现在已不做)”。 When I was young, I often played games after school. 我小时候,放学后经常玩游戏。He used to walk to school. 他过去常常步行去上学。(现在不再步行) 主句为过去将来时,从句使用一般过去时 对应现在时态的主将从现,若主句谓语为过去将来时(would do /was/were going to do),时间、条件状语从句要用一般过去时表 “过去视角下将要发生的动作”,也称主过从过。 He said he would go hiking if it was fine the next day. 他说如果第二天天气好,他就去远足。She told me she would call me as soon as she arrived home. 她告诉我,她一到家就给我打电话。 since 引导的时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时 since 意为 “自从…… 以来”,主句常用现在完成时,since 后面的从句必须使用一般过去时,用来标注动作 / 状态的起始时间点。基本句式:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + since + 主语 + 动词过去式 I have lived here since I was ten years old. 我从十岁起就住在这里了It has been five years since we met last time. 自从我们上次见面,已经过去五年了。 对话语境中,强调 “刚才、刚刚” 发生的动作 日常口语、情景对话里,用一般过去时强调片刻之前、刚刚完成的动作,侧重动作已经结束,区别于现在进行时。 — Why are you out of breath? 你为什么气喘吁吁? — I ran to the classroom. 我刚才跑着进教室的。 固定句型中使用一般过去时 It’s (high) time + 主语 + 动词过去式 固定句型,表示 “该做某事了”,从句用一般过去时表委婉建议、提醒,属于虚拟语气用法。 It’s time we went to bed. 我们该睡觉了。 would rather + 主语 + 动词过去式(虚拟语气) would rather 意为 “宁愿”,后接从句时,从句使用一般过去时,表示与现在 / 将来事实相反的主观愿望。 I would rather you stayed at home now. 我宁愿你现在待在家里。 四、一般将来时 (1)一般将来时的构成(will / shall 结构) 句式 will / shall 结构 Be动词 肯定句 主语 + will / shall + 动词原形 + 其他 主语 + will / shall + be + 其他 否定式 主语 + won’t / shan’t + 动词原形 + 其他 主语 + won’t / shan’t + be + 其他 一般疑问式 Will / Shall + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? Will / Shall + 主语 + be + 其他? 特殊疑问式 疑问词 + will / shall + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? 疑问词 + will / shall + 主语 + be + 其他? (2)一般将来时的构成(be going to 结构) 句式 be going to 结构 Be动词 肯定句 主语 + am / is / are going to + 动词原形 + 其他 主语 + am / is / are going to + be + 其他 否定式 主语 + am / is / are not going to + 动词原形 + 其他 主语 + am / is / are not going to + be + 其他 一般疑问式 Am / Is / Are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他? Am / Is / Are + 主语 + going to + be + 其他? 特殊疑问式 疑问词 + am / is / are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他? 疑问词 + am / is / are + 主语 + going to + be + 其他? (3)一般将来时的特殊构成 结构 用法 例句 be doing(现在进行时表将来) 多用于表示位移、往返的动词:go、come、leave、arrive、fly、move、start、travel 等,侧重已安排好、即将发生的近期动作。 She is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 她明天动身前往上海。 We are coming to see you this weekend. 我们这周末要来看你。 be about to do(即将、正要做某事) 强调动作马上、立刻就要发生,时间间隔极短;不与 tomorrow, next week 等具体将来时间状语连用,常搭配 when 引导的时间状语从句。 The class is about to begin. 课马上就要开始了。 I was about to go out when it rained. 我正要出门,突然下起了雨。 be to do(按计划、命令、安排将要做) 多用于正式语境,侧重官方计划、规定、命令、注定发生的动作,常见于通知、新闻、正式安排。 The sports meeting is to be held next Friday. 运动会定于下周五举行。 You are to finish the task before noon. 你必须在中午前完成这项任务。 (4)一般将来时的用法 用法 结构 例句 搭配将来时间状语,表将来发生的动作或状态 常搭配时间标志词: 单个时间词:tomorrow(明天)、tonight(今晚)、soon(不久、很快) 含 next 短语:next day /next week /next month /next year(第二天 / 下周 / 下月 / 明年) in + 时间段:in three days(三天后)、in a week(一周后)、in the future(在将来) 其他:later(稍后)、this afternoon /this evening(今天下午 / 今晚) We will have a math test tomorrow. 我们明天将要进行数学测试。 She is going to visit her grandma next week. 她下周打算去看望奶奶。 祈使句 + and + 一般将来时 含义:表示顺承关系,译为 “做……,就会……”,前一个动作顺利发生,就会带来积极结果。 结构:动词原形开头 + 逗号 + and + 主语 + will + 动词原形 Work hard, and you will get good grades. 努力学习,你就会取得好成绩。 Read more books, and you will learn a lot. 多读书,你就会学到很多知识。 祈使句 + or + 一般将来时 含义:表示转折 / 警示关系,译为 “做……,否则……”,不执行前面的动作,就会产生不良后果。 结构:动词原形开头 + 逗号 + or + 主语 + will + 动词原形 Get up early, or you will be late for school. 早点起床,否则你上学就要迟到了。 Don’t run in the hallways, or you will hurt yourself. 不要在走廊奔跑,否则你会受伤。 五、过去将来时 (1)过去将来时的构成(would 结构) 句式 will / shall 结构 Be动词 肯定句 主语 + would + 动词原形 + 其他 主语 + would + be + 其他 否定式 主语 + wouldn’t + 动词原形 + 其他 主语 + wouldn’t + be + 其他 一般疑问式 Would + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? Would + 主语 + be + 其他? 特殊疑问式 疑问词 + would + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? 疑问词 + would + 主语 + be + 其他? (2)过去将来时的构成(was / were going to 结构) 句式 be going to 结构 Be动词 肯定句 主语 + was / were going to + 动词原形 + 其他 主语 + was / were going to + be + 其他 否定式 主语 + was / were not going to + 动词原形 + 其他 主语 + was / were not going to + be + 其他 一般疑问式 Was / Were + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他? Was / Were + 主语 + going to + be + 其他? 特殊疑问式 疑问词 + was / were + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他? 疑问词 + was / were + 主语 + going to + be + 其他? (3)过去将来时的用法 结构 用法 例句 would + 动词原形 多用于宾语从句,主句谓语动词为过去式(said/told/thought/hoped 等),转述他人当时的想法、打算、承诺。 He said he would help me with my English. 他说他会帮我补习英语。 描述过去习惯性的倾向、意愿。 When he was young, he would walk along the river after dinner. 他小时候,晚饭后总会沿着河边散步。 was /were going to + 动词原形 侧重过去已经计划、安排好,原本打算要做的事。 We were going to have a picnic, but it rained. 我们原本打算去野餐,结果下雨了。 可表示根据过去的迹象,判断当时即将发生的动作。 The sky was dark. It was going to rain. 当时天色阴沉,眼看就要下雨了。 常暗含 “计划最终没能实现” 的含义。 She was going to buy a new bike last month. 上个月她本来打算买一辆新自行车。 was /were about to do ... when ... 固定句式,意为 “某人正要做某事,就在这时……”。 was/were about to do 强调过去那一刻动作即将发生(时间极近,马上就要做);when 引导并列句,后接突然发生的短暂动作,用一般过去时。 I was about to leave when the teacher came in. 我正要离开,这时老师进来了。I was about to leave when the teacher came in. 我正要离开,这时老师进来了。 He was about to go to bed when his friend called him. 他刚要上床睡觉,朋友突然给他打来了电话。 六、现在进行时 (1)现在进行时的构成 句式 结构 肯定句 主语 + am / is / are + 动词-ing + 其他 否定式 主语 + am / is / are + not + 动词-ing + 其他 一般疑问式 Am / Is / Are + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他? 特殊疑问式 疑问词 + am / is / are + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他? (2)现在进行时的用法 用法 常用标志词 例句 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作 常用标志词:now(现在)、look(看)、listen(听)、at the moment(此刻) Look! The children are playing on the playground. 看!孩子们正在操场上玩耍。 表示现阶段正在进行,此刻未必在做的动作 常用标志词:these days(这些天)、recently(近来)、this week(这周) He is learning French these days. 他这些天一直在学法语。(说话时不一定正在学) 表位置移动、往返类动词,用进行时表将来 常用动词:go, come, leave, arrive, fly, move, start, travel My uncle is coming to visit us tomorrow. 我叔叔明天要来看我们。 She is leaving for Beijing next Monday. 她下周一动身前往北京。 现在进行时搭配 always、constantly,不再单纯描述习惯性动作,而是带有厌烦、不满、夸赞、惊讶等主观情绪 表不满、抱怨、批评 You are always talking in class. 你总在课堂上讲话。(抱怨) 表赞赏、夸奖 She is always helping others. 她总是乐于助人。(夸赞) 七、过去进行时 (1)过去进行时的构成 句式 结构 肯定句 主语 + was / were + 动词-ing + 其他 否定式 主语 + was / were + 动词-ing + 其他 一般疑问式 Was / Were + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他? 特殊疑问式 疑问词 + was / were + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他? (2)过去进行时的用法 用法 常用标志词 例句 强调在过去精准的时间点,动作正在发生 常用标志词:at 8:00 last night(昨晚八点)、at this time yesterday(昨天这个时候)、then(那时) I was watching TV at nine o'clock last night. 昨晚九点我正在看电视。 表示过去某一时间段持续进行的动作 all day yesterday(昨天一整天)、from morning to afternoon last Friday(上周五从早到晚)、during that period(在那段时间里) She was reading books from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. yesterday. 昨天下午两点到四点她一直在看书。 when 引导从句 主句用过去进行时(长动作,持续进行),从句用一般过去时(短动作,突然发生),译为 “正在做某事,这时……”。 I was walking along the street when I met an old friend. 我正走在街上,这时遇到了一位老朋友。 while 引导从句 while 强调动作同步进行,主从句常用过去进行时,表示 “正当…… 的时候,与此同时……”。 My mother was cooking while my father was washing dishes. 妈妈在做饭,爸爸在洗碗。 位移类动词,过去进行时表过去将来 go、come、leave、arrive、fly、move 等位置移动类动词,可用过去进行时,表示从过去视角看,当时计划好、即将发生的动作。 He told me he was leaving for Guangzhou the next day. 他告诉我他第二天就要动身去广州。 过去进行时搭配 always、constantly,不再单纯描述过去习惯,而是抒发过去的厌烦、抱怨、赞赏等情绪 表抱怨、不满 He was always making mistakes when he studied here. 他在这儿学习时,老是犯错误。(抱怨) 表夸赞、肯定 She was always helping others when she was young. 她年少时总是乐于助人。(夸奖) 八、现在完成时 (1)现在完成时的构成 句式 结构 肯定句 主语 + have / has + 动词过去分词 + 其他 否定式 主语 + have / has + not + 动词过去分词 + 其他 一般疑问式 Have / Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他? 特殊疑问式 疑问词 + have / has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他? (2)现在完成时的用法 用法 常用标志词 例句 表示过去发生的动作,对现在造成结果或影响 just(刚刚)、already(已经,多用于肯定句)、yet(还、已经,多用于否定句和疑问句末尾) I have finished my homework. 我已经写完作业了。(影响:现在可以休息、玩耍) She has lost her key. 她把钥匙弄丢了。(影响:现在没有钥匙,无法开门) 表示动作从过去某一时间开始,一直持续到现在(句中动词必须是延续性动词) for + 一段时间,侧重描述动作持续的时长。 I have lived in this city for ten years. 我在这座城市已经住了十年。(十年前入住,现在仍住在这里) since + 过去时间点(年份、日期、时刻) He has worked here since 2018. 自从 2018 年起,他就在这里工作了。 since + 一般过去时从句(从句动作是时间起点) I have known her since I was a child. 我从小就认识她了。 经典固定句型 It is / It has been + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时从句 (自从…… 以来,已经过去多久了) It has been three years since we met last time. 自从我们上次见面,已经过去三年了。 描述从出生到现在为止,曾经有过或从未有过的经历、体验,强调 “人生履历”,动作可反复发生。 ever(曾经,多用于疑问句)、never(从未)、once(一次)、twice(两次)、several times(数次) Have you ever been to Beijing? 你曾经去过北京吗? I have never eaten Japanese food. 我从来没有吃过日本料理。 用于地点 / 场景类语境,结合语境表状态 多用于日常对话、场景描述,侧重当下所处状态 ---Where is your mother? 你妈妈在哪? ---She has gone shopping. 她去购物了。(现在不在家) 用于主句,搭配 so far /up to now /in the past + 时间段 so far(到目前为止)、up to now(直到现在)、in the past five years(在过去五年里)、during these years(这些年来) So far, we have learned over 800 words. 到目前为止,我们已经学了 800 多个单词。 Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years. 过去十年里,我的家乡发生了巨大变化。 宾语从句中的用法 主句为现在时态,从句描述 “至今为止的经历 / 影响”,从句用现在完成时。 He says he has finished his homework. 他说他已经写完作业了。 (3)拓展辨析: have been to /have gone to /have been in have been to + 地点 去过某地(现在已经返回,人在现场),侧重经历。 例:She has been to Guangzhou. 她去过广州。(现已回来) have gone to + 地点 去了某地(人还在目的地,未返回,此刻不在现场)。 例:My father has gone to Wuhan. 我爸爸去武汉了。(人还在武汉) have been in + 地点 + 时间段 待在某地(强调停留时长,常与 for/since 连用)。 例:We have been in Beijing for a month. 我们在北京待了一个月。 (4)短暂性动词转延续性动词: 短暂性动词 延续性动词 例句 die be dead His dog has been dead for two months. buy / receive have I have had this book for two years. marry be married They have been married for three years. finish / end be over The film has been over for 10 minutes. join be in/ be a member of He has been in the army for two years. begin / start be on The meeting has been on for an hour. borrow keep I have kept the book for a week. fall asleep be asleep The baby has been asleep for three hours. get to know know I have known him since 2020. leave be away He has been away from home for a week. arrive / come be here / be in She has been here since 9:00. put on wear / have on / be dressed in She has worn this dress for a day. fall ill be ill He has been ill for a week. go out be out They have been out for two hours. lose be lost My key has been lost for three days. (5)“be + 形容词/副词/介词短语” 替代终止性动词: 用“be + 形容词” 用“be + 副词” 用“be + 介词短语” marry → be married start / begin → be on go to / come to / move to → be in / at + 地点 fall ill / get ill → be ill get up → be up join the army → be in the army die → be dead return to / come back to / go back to → be back (to) fall asleep / get asleep → be asleep come / arrive / reach / get here → be here wake / wake up → be awake go / arrive / reach / get there → be there (6)现在完成时常用句型 句型 例句 It is / has been + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时从句 It is two years since his father died. 自从他爸爸去世已经两年了。 It was / had been + 时间段 + since + 过去完成时从句 It was two years since I had last seen her. 我上次见她已经是两年前的事了。 It/That is the + 序数词 + time + that + 从句(现在完成时) That is the second time that she has won the game. 这是她第二次赢得比赛。 It/That was the + 序数词 + time + that + 从句(过去完成时) It was the first time that I had been to England. 这是我第一次去英格兰。 This is the + 最高级 + 名词 + that + 从句(现在完成时) That is the best movie that we have ever seen. 那是我们看过的最好的电影。 This was the + 最高级 + 名词 + that + 从句(过去完成时) This was the worst storm that had hit the area in a decade. 这是十年来袭击该地区最严重的一场暴风雨。 九、过去完成时 (1)过去完成时的构成 句式 结构 肯定句 主语 + had + 动词过去分词 + 其他 否定式 主语 + had + not + 动词过去分词 + 其他 一般疑问式 Had + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他? 特殊疑问式 疑问词 + had + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他? (2)过去完成时的用法 用法 特征 例句 动作发生在过去某一时间点 / 动作之前,即 “过去的过去” 句中必须有一个明确的过去动作作参照,先发生的动作使用过去完成时,后发生的动作使用一般过去时。 She found the book that she had lost. 她找到了她丢失的书。(“丢书” 发生在 “找到” 之前) 动作从过去某一时间点开始,一直持续到过去另一时间点,强调 “过去时间段内的持续”,类似现在完成时的 “未完成用法”。 since + 过去时间点 for + 时间段 by + 过去时间(如 by the end of last year) before/when 引导的一般过去时从句 I had learned 3,000 English words by the end of last year. 去年年底前我已经学了 3000 个英语单词。(截止到 “去年年底” 这个过去时间点,动作已完成) He said he had lived in that village since 1976. 他说自从 1976 年起他就住在那个村子里。(“住村子” 从 1976 年持续到他说话的过去时间点) 用于 hardly/scarcely...when... 和 no sooner...than... 句型 表示 “刚一…… 就……”,强调动作的紧接发生。 I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me. 我刚结束工作,他就来看我了。I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow. 我刚进屋,就下起了雪。 用于 “第几次做某事” 句型:That/It was the + 序数词 + time that + 从句 主句用一般过去时(was),从句必须用过去完成时。 That/It was the second time that she had seen her grandfather. 那是她第二次见她爷爷。 十、现在完成进行时 (1)现在完成进行时的构成 句式 结构 肯定句 主语 + have/has + been + doing 否定式 主语 + have/has + not + been + doing 一般疑问式 Have/Has + 主语 + been + doing? (2)现在完成进行时的用法 用法 特征 例句 表示动作从过去开始,一直持续到现在,并且仍在进行 强调动作的持续性和过程性,常搭配 for + 时间段 / since + 时间点。 I have been learning English since I was 10 years old. 我从 10 岁起就一直在学英语。(学英语的动作从过去持续到现在,仍在继续) 表示近期反复发生的动作,带有明显感情色彩 常搭配 always, all the time,带有抱怨、不满、惊讶的语气。 She has been calling me five times today. 她今天已经给我打了五次电话了。(不满 / 惊讶) 表示刚刚结束的动作,对现在有明显影响 动作刚刚结束,但仍能看到当下的状态或结果,侧重动作的过程。 My hands are dirty. I have been cleaning the house. 我的手很脏,我一直在打扫房子。(打扫刚结束,手上的脏污是结果 (3)现在完成进行时与完成时的区别 对比维度 现在完成时(have/has done) 现在完成进行时(have/has been doing) 核心侧重点 强调动作的结果、完成状态、影响或经历 强调动作的持续过程、反复性和未完成性 动作状态 动作已完成,或侧重完成后的结果 动作仍在进行,或刚刚结束但强调过程 搭配动词 可接延续性 / 短暂性动词(短暂性动词需转换 只能接延续性动词,表示持续过程 感情色彩 中性客观描述,无明显情绪 常带抱怨、不满、惊讶等主观情绪 典型例句 I have read the book.(我读过这本书,侧重 “读过” 这个结果) I have been reading the book.(我一直在读这本书,侧重 “读” 的过程,还没读完) She has written three letters.(她写了三封信,侧重 “完成数量”) She has been writing letters all morning.(她一早上都在写信,侧重 “持续过程”) 十一、将来完成时 (1)将来完成时的构成 句式 结构 肯定句 主语 + will/shall + have + done 否定式 主语 + will/shall + not + have + done 一般疑问式 Will/Shall + 主语 + have + done? (2)将来完成进行时的用法 用法 特征 例句 表示将来某一时间点前已经完成的动作 强调截止到未来某个特定时间,动作将全部完成,常搭配 by + 将来时间、by the time + 一般现在时从句 等标志。 By the end of this term, we will have learned 1,500 new words. 到本学期末,我们将已经学完 1500 个新单词。 By the time you arrive, I will have finished cooking dinner. 等你到的时候,我早就把晚饭做好了。 Before she leaves for Beijing, she will have visited all her friends. 动身去北京前,她会拜访完所有朋友。 表示对将来某一阶段前已完成动作的推测 语气比一般将来时更肯定,侧重 “按计划 / 进度,到那时必然已完成”。 By this time next year, I will have graduated from high school. 明年这个时候,我就已经高中毕业啦。 They will have built the new bridge by next summer. 到明年夏天,他们就会把新桥建好了。 【即时训练】 1.The teacher told us that the sun ______ in the east. A. rose B. rises C. will rise D. has risen 【答案】B 【解析】句意:老师告诉我们太阳从东方升起。从句表述客观真理,不受主句时态影响,一律使用一般现在时,主语the sun为第三人称单数。故选B。 2.If it ______ fine tomorrow, we will go hiking together. A. is B. was C. will be D. are 【答案】A 【解析】句意:如果明天天气好,我们就一起去远足。本句为if引导的条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,从句用一般现在时。故选A。 3.My brother usually ______ basketball after school every day. A. play B. plays C. played D. will play 【答案】B 【解析】句意:我弟弟每天放学后通常打篮球。every day、usually是一般现在时的标志词,主语为第三人称单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故选B。 4.It’s high time that you ______ your homework right now. A. do B. did C. will do D. are doing 【答案】B 【解析】句意:你现在该写作业了。固定句型It’s (high) time that...,从句谓语动词使用一般过去时。故选B。 5.—Where were you at eight last night? —I ______ TV at home. A. watch B. watched C. was watching D. am watching 【答案】C 【解析】句意:——昨晚八点你在哪里?——我正在家里看电视。at eight last night是过去具体时间点,强调此刻正在进行的动作,用过去进行时。故选C。 6.Look! The birds ______ happily in the tree. A. sing B. sang C. are singing D. were singing 【答案】C 【解析】句意:看!鸟儿正在树上欢快地唱歌。look是现在进行时的提示词,表示说话当下动作正在发生。故选C。 7.He ______ to Beijing twice, so he knows the city well. A. has been B. has gone C. went D. goes 【答案】A 【解析】句意:他去过北京两次,所以很了解这座城市。twice表示过往经历,have been to表示“去过某地(现已返回)”,符合语境。故选A。 8.I ______ this book for three weeks. I still haven’t finished it. A. bought B. have bought C. have had D. had 【答案】C 【解析】句意:这本书我已经买了三周了,我还没看完。for three weeks表时间段,需搭配延续性动词,短暂性动词buy要转换为have,本句用现在完成时。故选C。 9.She said she ______ us as soon as she arrived there. A. will help B. would help C. helped D. is helping 【答案】B 【解析】句意:她说她一到那里就会帮助我们。主句谓语said为一般过去时,从句表示从过去视角看将要发生的动作,使用过去将来时。故选B。 10.Hurry up! The train ______ in five minutes. A. leaves B. left C. is leaving D. has left 【答案】C 【解析】句意:快点!火车五分钟后就要发车了。leave为位移动词,可用现在进行时表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。故选C。 11.Work hard, ______ you will get good grades in the exam. A. or B. and C. but D. so 【答案】B 【解析】句意:努力学习,你就会在考试中取得好成绩。本句为“祈使句 + and + 一般将来时”结构,表示顺承关系。故选B。 12.Get up early, ______ you will be late for school. A. and B. so C. or D. if 【答案】C 【解析】句意:早点起床,否则你上学就要迟到了。本句为“祈使句 + or + 一般将来时”结构,表示警示,意为“否则”。故选C。 13.It ______ five years since we became friends. A. is B. was C. will be D. had been 【答案】A 【解析】句意:我们成为朋友已经五年了。固定句型It is + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时从句,为常用时态搭配。故选A。 14.When I got to the classroom, all the students ______. A. left B. have left C. had left D. were leaving 【答案】C 【解析】句意:当我到达教室时,所有学生都已经离开了。“离开”发生在过去动作“到达”之前,属于“过去的过去”,用过去完成时。故选C。 15.It was the first time that he ______ such a wonderful film. A. see B. saw C. has seen D. had seen 【答案】D 【解析】句意:那是他第一次看这么精彩的电影。主句为一般过去时,固定句型It was the first time that...要求从句使用过去完成时。故选D。 16.I was about to go out ______ my friend came to visit me. A. while B. when C. as D. until 【答案】B 【解析】句意:我正要出门,这时我的朋友来看我了。固定结构be about to do...when...,表示“正要做某事,这时……”。故选B。 17.They ______ in this factory since 2020. A. worked B. work C. have worked D. are working 【答案】C 【解析】句意:从2020年开始,他们就在这家工厂工作了。since后接过去时间点,是现在完成时的典型标志。故选C。 18.My grandfather ______ walk along the river after dinner when he was young. A. will B. would C. is going to D. was 【答案】B 【解析】句意:我祖父年轻时,晚饭后总会沿着河边散步。would可以用来描述过去习惯性的动作。故选B。 19.This is the best story that I ______ so far. A. read B. am reading C. have read D. had read 【答案】C 【解析】句意:这是迄今为止我读过最好的故事。so far以及This is the + 最高级...that...结构,从句需使用现在完成时。故选C。 20.He ______ for the exam all these days, so he is very tired now. A. prepares B. prepared C. has been preparing D. was preparing 【答案】C 【解析】句意:这些天他一直在备考,所以现在很累。all these days强调动作从过去持续到现在且仍在进行,用现在完成进行时。故选C。 21.(2026年山西对口升学)This is the first time that they ________ my hometown. A. visit B. visited C. have visited D. had visited 【答案】C 【解析】句意:这是他们第一次参观我的家乡。 This is the first time that 从句用现在完成时。 22.(2025山西对口升学) He told us that he ______ the well-known ancient town the next day. A. visits B. would visit C. visited D. had visited 【答案】B 【解析】句意:他告诉我们第二天他要去游览那个著名的古镇。主句谓语told为一般过去时,宾语从句中的the next day表过去的将来,所以用过去将来时would visit。故选B。 23. (2025山西对口升学)As he ______ the text, he can’t tell you what he thinks of it. A. doesn’t read B. hasn’t read C. didn’t read D. hadn’t read 【答案】B 【解析】句意:因为他还没有读过这篇文章,所以不能告诉你他的想法。根据句意尤其yet可知,此处强调“还没读过”,所以用现在完成时hasn’t read表示对现在的影响,即无法评价。故选B。 24. (2025山西对口升学)The book which was written by a famous author last year ______ by many people now! A. is read B. is being read C. was read D. has read 【答案】B 【解析】句意:这本由一位著名作家去年撰写的书,如今正被许多人阅读。句中now表现现在,所以用现在进行时;书被阅读,所以用现在进行时的被动语态is being read。故选B。 25. (2024山西对口升学)It was the first time that he ______ her since last meeting in town. A. has seen B. had seen C. saw D. was seeing 【答案】B 【解析】句意:自从上次在镇上见面后,那是他第一次见到她。此题考查“第几次做某事”的句型:It was the first time that+句子,句子用过去完成时。故选B。 26. (2024湖南对口升学)Jack ______ for the bookstore. Do you have any books to be bought? A. is leaving B. had left C. was leaving D. left 【答案】A 【解析】句意:杰克正要去书店。你有什么书要买吗?表示位移的动词go, come, leave, arrive, stay, start等,用现在进行时表将来。故选A。 27. (2024山西对口升学)The speaker said that light ______ much faster than sound. A. traveled B. will travel C. travels D. has traveled 【答案】C 【解析】句意:这名演讲者说光比声音的传播速度快。此题考查时态的用法。不变事实、客观真理、名言警句不受主句时态的影响,只能用一般现在时。故选C。 28. (2023河北对口升学)We are going to climb the Great Wall if it ______ tomorrow. A. will not rain B. doesn’t rain C. would not rain D. didn’t rain 【答案】B 【解析】句意:如果明天不下雨,我们将要去爬长城。本句是if引导的条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。故选B。 29.(2023安徽对口升学) Nowadays, environmental protection ______ as one of the most important tasks for us. A. takes B. took C. is taken D. was taken 【答案】C 【解析】句意:如今,环境保护被视为我们最重要的任务之一。由nowadays可知,句子时态应为一般现在时;根据句意可知,环境保护被视为重要任务之一,故应用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。 30.(2023山西对口升学) It’s high time that the company ______ the importance of teamwork. A. realized B. would realize C. realize D. will realize 【答案】A 【解析】句意:这个公司是时候意识到团队合作的重要性了。此题考查句型It’s high time that+句子(谓语动词用过去式或should+动词原形),表示“该是干……的时候了”。故选A。 31. (2023山西对口升学)Mary is a kind girl and she often ______ us learn English. A. help B. helping C. helps D. helped 【答案】C 【解析】句意:玛丽是一个善良的女孩,她常常帮助我们学英语。根据频度副词often可知,此题考查一般现在时的用法。主语she为第三人称单数,故谓语动词用第三人称单数helps。故选C。 32. (2022山西对口升学)Eva told the news to everybody she ______. A. sees B. see C. to see D. saw 【答案】D 【解析】句意:Eva把消息告诉了她看到的每个人。本题考查定语从句中谓语动词的时态。主句为一般过去时,从句谓语动词相应用过去的时态,所以答案为D。 33.(2022山西对口升学) It ______ long before the meeting begins. A. is B. will not be C. is to be D. will not have been 【答案】B 【解析】句意:不久会议就会开始。句型It will not be long before…引导的时间状语从句为一般现在时,遵循“主将从现”的原则,主句用一般将来时;“不久……就……”。故选B。 34. (2022山西对口升学)Neither of the answers ______ correct. A. are B. will be C. is D. to be 【答案】C 【解析】句意:两个答案没有一个是正确的。表示主语的特征、性格或状态时用一般现在时;又因“Neither of + 复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数。故选C。 35.(2021山西对口升学) It’s high time that you ______ able to get yourself up, my boy! A. are B. were C. will be D. can be 【答案】B 【解析】句意:我的孩子,是时候让自己振作起来了。此题考查句型It’s high time that+句子(谓语动词用过去式或should+动词原形),表示“该是干……的时候了”。故选B。 36. (2021山西对口升学)I ______ for nearly ten years. A. have been gardening B. had been gardening C. am gardening D. am being gardening 【答案】A 【解析】句意:我做园艺工作将近10年了。根据时间状语for nearly ten years可知,谓语动词用完成时,故排除C、D项;又因为做园艺工作是从10年前开始,一直持续到现在,有可能还要继续干下去,符合现在完成进行时的用法。故选A。 37. (2021山西对口升学)They arrived at 9:30 as they ______. A. promised B. have promised C. had promised D. were promising 【答案】C 【解析】句意:他们按照承诺9:30到达了。因为主从句谓语动词存在先后关系,动作promise发生在动作arrive之前,arrive用了一般过去时,那么promise就应该用过去完成时。故选C。 38. (2021山西对口升学)Only a few people from this community ______ morning exercises in the park every day. A. do B. does C. did D. has done 【答案】A 【解析】句意:社区里仅有一些人每天在公园里做早操。根据时间状语every day可知,此题考查一般现在时的用法。主语people为复数,所以谓语动词用原形do。故选A。 39. (2020山西对口升学)He was late again because he ______. A. oversleeps B. had overslept C. has overslept D. was oversleeping 【答案】B 【解析】句意:他又一次迟到了,因为他睡过头了。根据句意以及该句主句使用了一般过去时可知,“睡过头”这个动作发生在“迟到前”,所以是“过去的过去”,使用过去完成时。故选B。 40. (2020山西对口升学)—What did Sandy say? —She said they ______ a school trip the next weekend. A. had B. have C. will have D. would have 【答案】D 【解析】句意:“桑迪说什么了?”“她说他们下个周末将有一次学校组织的旅行。”该题的主句为一般过去时,那么宾语从句只能使用与过去有关的时态;过去将来时一般用于主句谓语为过去时的宾语从句中。故选D。 41.(2020山西对口升学) Last week, the teacher, as well as a number of students, ______ to attend the party. A. was invited B. be invited C. were invited D. had been invited 【答案】A 【解析】句意:上周这位老师和许多学生被邀请去参加聚会。由时间状语last week可知,此题考查一般过去时的用法;又因as well as连接两个名词时,谓语动词遵循“就远原则”,即由the teacher决定用单数。故选A。 42.(2020山西对口升学) If traffic problems are not solved soon, driving in the city ______ impossible. A. become B. becomes C. will become D. will have become 【答案】C 【解析】句意:如果交通问题不很快被解决,在城市中开车是不可能的。该题出现了if引导的条件状语从句,根据“主将从现”的原则,A和B都是一般现在时,C是一般将来时,D是将来完成时。故选C。 43.(2020广东对口升学) If she ______, tell her I’ll call her back tonight. A. calling B. will call C. calls D. called 【答案】C 【解析】句意:如果她打来电话,告诉她今晚我会给她回电话。在if引导的条件状语从句中,常用“主将从现”的时态搭配,即主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时,she为第三人称单数。故选C。 44. (2019四川对口升学)Hurry up! Our train ______ in ten minutes. A. is left B. is leaving C. has left D. left 【答案】B 【解析】句意:快点!我们的火车十分钟后就要出发了。时间状语in ten minutes表示“十分钟后”,用于将来时;一些表示位置移动的动词come, go, leave, arrive等用进行时表将来。故选B。 45. (2019山西对口升学)They won’t buy a new car because they ______ money to buy a new house. A. are saving B. were saving C. have saved D. save 【答案】A 【解析】句意:他们不会买新车,因为他们正攒钱买房子。根据句子意思可知,他们正攒钱买房子,所以用现在进行时。故选A。 46. (2018山西对口升学)I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final, for he ______ for it for months. A. is preparing B. was preparing C. has been preparing D. had prepared 【答案】C 【解析】句意:我确信安德鲁将在决赛中赢得一等奖,因为他已经为此准备了几个月了。根据句意可知他一直在准备,又根据时间状语for months可知用现在完成进行时。win the first prize表示“赢得一等奖”,prepare for sth. 表示“为……做准备”。A与B两项为现在进行时和过去进行时,与for months矛盾,可排除;D项为过去完成时,没有过去的时间点与之对应,可排除。故选C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题1 动词的时态(讲义)-【2027版】山西省(对口升学)《英语一轮讲练测》(原卷版+解析版)
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专题1 动词的时态(讲义)-【2027版】山西省(对口升学)《英语一轮讲练测》(原卷版+解析版)
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专题1 动词的时态(讲义)-【2027版】山西省(对口升学)《英语一轮讲练测》(原卷版+解析版)
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