Unit 8 The world of literature 单词详解2026-2027学年译林版英语九年级上册

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了Unit 8 "The world of literature"单元核心词汇及短语，涵盖词义辨析、搭配拓展、语境应用等知识范畴，搭建从基础用法解析到拓展对比再到综合运用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“易混词对比”“词性转换链条”“语境例句库”构建知识体系，如classic与classical的用法差异标注，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。设计分层巩固练习，包含单词拼写、词性转换、短文填空等题型，适配不同学习水平，助力学生自主高效复习，教师可据此精准设计教学活动提升课堂实效。

Unit 8 The world of literature 单词详解 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. classic adj. 最优秀的；典型的；典雅的 用法： classic 意为“最优秀的；典型的；典雅的”，形容词；也可作名词“经典作品”；classical 意为“古典的”。 拓展： classical adj.（易混词） 古典的 同义辨析：classic / classical • classic 经典的，最优秀的，强调经久不衰。 · This is a classic short story. 这是一篇经典短篇小说。 • classical 古典的，常用于音乐/文学传统。 · She enjoys classical music. 她喜欢古典音乐。 辨析： classic 意为“经典的、最优秀的”；classical 意为“古典的”（如 classical music），注意区分。 例句： This novel is a classic work of English literature. 这部小说是英国文学的经典之作。 "Journey to the West" is a Chinese classic. 《西游记》是一部中国经典名著。 2. short story n. 短篇小说 用法： short story 意为“短篇小说”，可数名词词组。 搭配： a collection of short stories 短篇小说集 例句： She wrote a famous short story about a poor artist. 她写了一篇关于穷困画家的著名短篇小说。 This book is a collection of short stories. 这本书是一部短篇小说集。 3. take one's time 短语 从容不迫，慢慢来 用法： take one's time 是固定短语，意为“从容不迫，慢慢来，不着急”。 例句： Take your time; there's no need to hurry. 慢慢来，不用着急。 He took his time reading every page carefully. 他不慌不忙地仔细读着每一页。 4. against prep. 倚，紧靠；以……为背景 用法： against 意为“倚，紧靠；以……为背景；反对；逆着”，介词。 搭配： against the wall 靠着墙 be against sth 反对某事 辨析： against 既可表示“倚、紧靠”（lean against the wall），又可表示“以……为背景”（set against）。 例句： The story is set against the background of a war. 这个故事以战争为背景。 He leaned against the tree and began to read. 他靠着树开始读书。 5. branch n. 树枝 用法： branch 意为“树枝”，可数名词，复数 branches；也可意为“分支，分店”。 变形： branches（复数） 例句： Only one leaf was left on the branch. 树枝上只剩下一片叶子。 Birds were singing in the branches. 鸟儿在树枝间歌唱。 6. bedside n. 床边 用法： bedside 意为“床边”，名词，由 bed + side 构成；a bedside table（床头柜）。 搭配： at one's bedside 在某人床边 例句： She sat at his bedside and read him a story. 她坐在他床边给他读故事。 There is a lamp on the bedside table. 床头柜上有一盏灯。 7. anger n. 愤怒，怒气 用法： anger 意为“愤怒，怒气”，不可数名词；形容词为 angry。 转换： angry adj. 生气的 angrily adv. 愤怒地 搭配： in anger 愤怒地 辨析： anger 名词“愤怒”；angry 形容词“生气的”；angrily 副词“愤怒地”。 例句： She could not hide her anger when she read the letter. 读那封信时她无法掩饰自己的愤怒。 He shouted at them in anger. 他愤怒地朝他们大喊。 8. make sense 短语 有意义，讲得通 用法： make sense 是固定短语，意为“有意义，讲得通，有道理”。 辨析： make sense 意为“讲得通、有道理”，主语通常为物；make sense of 意为“理解、弄懂”，后接宾语。 例句： This sentence doesn't make sense to me. 这句话我看不懂。 It makes sense to read the whole story first. 先把整个故事读完是有道理的。 9. have (...) to do with 短语 与……有关 用法： have (...) to do with 是固定短语，意为“与……有关”；have nothing to do with（与……无关）。 易错： 可用 something/much/a lot 表程度“有关”；have nothing to do with 表示“与……无关”。 例句： This story has a lot to do with real life. 这个故事和现实生活有很大关系。 His success has much to do with hard work. 他的成功与努力工作有很大关系。 10. apartment n. 公寓套房 用法： apartment 意为“公寓套房”，可数名词（美式英语），英式英语多用 flat。 例句： The old painter lived in a small apartment. 这位年老的画家住在一间小公寓里。 Their apartment is on the third floor. 他们的公寓在三楼。 11. masterpiece n. 杰作 用法： masterpiece 意为“杰作，名作”，可数名词，由 master + piece 构成。 例句： This painting is considered his masterpiece. 这幅画被认为是他的杰作。 The novel is a masterpiece of world literature. 这部小说是世界文学的一部杰作。 12. fool n. 傻瓜 用法： fool 意为“傻瓜，蠢人”，可数名词；也可作动词“欺骗”；形容词 foolish（愚蠢的）；make a fool of（愚弄）。 转换： foolish adj. 愚蠢的，傻的 foolishly adv. 愚蠢地 搭配： make a fool of sb 愚弄某人 例句： Don't be such a fool; think before you act. 别这么傻，三思而后行。 He felt like a fool after making the mistake. 犯了那个错误后他觉得自己像个傻瓜。 13. remain vi. 剩余，继续存在；逗留 用法： remain 意为“剩余，继续存在；逗留；保持”，不及物动词，后可接形容词作系动词；形容词 remaining（剩余的）。 转换： remaining adj. 剩余的，剩下的 同义辨析：remain / stay / keep • remain 较正式，表示仍然存在或保持某状态，可作系动词。 · The last leaf remained on the tree. 最后一片叶子仍留在树上。 • stay 更口语，表示停留或保持，常用于地点/状态。 · She stayed in bed. 她待在床上。 • keep 强调保持某状态，后常接形容词。 · Please keep quiet. 请保持安静。 辨析： remain 作“保持”时是系动词，后接形容词（remain calm），无被动语态；作“剩余、逗留”时是实义动词。 例句： Only one leaf remained on the tree. 树上只剩下一片叶子。 Please remain quiet in the reading room. 请在阅览室里保持安静。 14. widely adv. 普遍地，广泛地 用法： widely 意为“普遍地，广泛地”，副词；形容词为 wide，动词 widen。 转换： wide adj. 宽的；广泛的 widen vt. & vi. 加宽，变宽 width n. 宽度 搭配： widely read 被广泛阅读的 例句： This book is widely read all over the world. 这本书在全世界被广泛阅读。 Her works are widely known among young people. 她的作品在年轻人中广为人知。 15. run out of 短语 用完，耗尽 用法： run out of 是固定短语，意为“用完，耗尽”，主语通常是人；run out 主语是物。 易错： sb run out of sth：人用完某物；sth run out：某物被用完。 例句： The writer almost ran out of money before finishing the book. 这位作家在写完书之前几乎花光了钱。 We have run out of paper; let's buy some more. 我们的纸用完了，再买一些吧。 16. fair n. 展销会；集市 用法： fair 本单元作名词，意为“展销会；集市，庙会”；也可作形容词“公平的”。 搭配： a book fair 书展 例句： We bought many old books at the fair. 我们在集市上买了许多旧书。 There will be a big book fair next month. 下个月将有一场大型书展。 17. act n. （戏剧等）一幕；行为；表演 用法： act 本单元作名词，意为“（戏剧等）一幕；行为；表演”；也可作动词“行动；表演”；名词 action（行动），形容词 active（积极的）。 转换： action n. 行动，行为 active adj. 积极的，活跃的 activity n. 活动 actively adv. 积极地 搭配： Act One 第一幕 例句： The play has five acts in total. 这部戏剧共有五幕。 Helping others is a kind act. 帮助他人是一种善举。 18. seat vt. （使）就座，坐 用法： seat 本单元作动词，意为“（使）就座，坐”，常用 be seated（坐下）；也作名词“座位”。 搭配： be seated 就座，坐下 辨析： seat 是及物动词（seat oneself / be seated）；sit 是不及物动词（sit down），注意区分。 例句： Please be seated; the play is about to begin. 请就座，戏剧即将开始。 She seated herself by the window to read. 她在窗边坐下来读书。 19. throne n. 宝座；王位 用法： throne 意为“宝座；王位”，可数名词；come to the throne（登基）。 搭配： come to the throne 登上王位 例句： The young prince finally came to the throne. 年轻的王子终于登上了王位。 The king sat proudly on his golden throne. 国王自豪地坐在他金色的宝座上。 20. unable adj. 未能，无法 用法： unable 意为“未能，无法（做某事）”，形容词，常用 be unable to do sth；反义为 able。 转换： able adj. 能够的 ability n. 能力 搭配： be unable to do sth 无法做某事 辨析： unable 形容词，be unable to do；able 为反义，be able to do；名词为 ability。 例句： She was unable to finish the book in one day. 她无法在一天内读完这本书。 He was so weak that he was unable to stand up. 他太虚弱了，无法站起来。 21. enemy n. 敌人 用法： enemy 意为“敌人”，可数名词，复数为 enemies；反义为 friend。 变形： enemies（复数） 拓展： friend n.（反义词） 朋友 例句： In the story, the two families were old enemies. 在故事中，这两个家族是世仇。 He turned an enemy into a friend. 他化敌为友。 22. writing n. 著作，作品 用法： writing 意为“著作，作品；写作”，名词；动词为 write。 转换： write vt. & vi. 写 writer n. 作家，作者 搭配： in writing 以书面形式 例句： Her writings are loved by readers of all ages. 她的作品深受各年龄段读者的喜爱。 Good writing comes from careful thinking. 好的作品源于细致的思考。 23. image n. 意象；图像 用法： image 意为“意象；图像，形象”，可数名词。 例句： The poem creates a beautiful image of autumn. 这首诗描绘出一幅美丽的秋日意象。 The old photo brought back the image of my hometown. 这张旧照片让我想起了家乡的样子。 24. lasting adj. 持久的 用法： lasting 意为“持久的，持续的”，形容词；动词为 last（持续）。 转换： last vi. 持续 lastingly adv. 持久地 搭配： a lasting impression 持久的印象 例句： Great books leave a lasting impression on us. 好书会给我们留下持久的印象。 They built a lasting friendship through letters. 他们通过书信建立了持久的友谊。 25. show up 短语 出现，露面 用法： show up 是固定短语，意为“出现，露面，到场”。 例句： The famous writer finally showed up at the book fair. 那位著名作家终于现身书展。 We waited for an hour, but he didn't show up. 我们等了一个小时，但他没有露面。 26. mirror n. 镜子 用法： mirror 意为“镜子”，可数名词；也可作动词“反映”。 搭配： look in the mirror 照镜子 例句： Good literature is a mirror of real life. 优秀的文学作品是现实生活的一面镜子。 She looked at herself in the mirror. 她照了照镜子。 27. knock n. 敲门声，敲击声 用法： knock 本单元作名词，意为“敲门声，敲击声”；也可作动词“敲，击”。 搭配： a knock at/on the door 敲门声 例句： There was a soft knock at the door. 门上传来轻轻的敲门声。 She heard a knock and opened the door. 她听到敲门声，打开了门。 28. hurry up 短语 赶快，急忙（做某事） 用法： hurry up 是固定短语，意为“赶快，急忙（做某事）”，常用于祈使句。 例句： Hurry up, or we'll miss the beginning of the play. 快点，否则我们就错过戏剧的开头了。 Hurry up and finish your reading. 快点把书读完。 29. doorbell n. 门铃 用法： doorbell 意为“门铃”，可数名词，由 door + bell 构成；ring the doorbell（按门铃）。 搭配： ring the doorbell 按门铃 例句： Just then, the doorbell rang. 就在那时，门铃响了。 She pressed the doorbell and waited. 她按了门铃，然后等候。 30. ring vi.; vt. & vi. 发出铃声；（使）发出钟声 用法： ring 本单元作动词，意为“发出铃声；（使）发出钟声”，过去式 rang，过去分词 rung；也作名词“戒指；环”。 变形： rang（过去式） rung（过去分词） 辨析： ring 作“响铃、打电话”时为动词，过去式 rang、过去分词 rung；作名词意为“戒指、环”。 例句： The phone rang just as she opened the book. 她刚翻开书，电话就响了。 The bells rang out across the whole town. 钟声响彻整个小镇。 三、巩固练习 （一）根据汉语提示写单词 1. "The Last Leaf" is a famous ________（短篇小说）by O. Henry. 2. The old painter lived in a small ________（公寓）below the two girls. 3. A small lamp was burning softly on the table by her ________（床边）. 4. The famous writer will sign his new book at the city book ________（展销会）. 5. The young prince at last came to the ________（王位）. 6. There was a soft ________（敲门声）at the door late that night. 7. Just then the ________（门铃）rang twice and broke the silence. 8. From far away came the gentle ________（钟声）of an old church bell. （二）词性转换链条练习 根据所给单词及提示，写出同一词族中其他形式（每空一词）。 1. classic adj.（最优秀的；典型的；典雅的） → ________ adj.（古典的） 2. anger n.（愤怒，怒气） → ________ adj.（生气的） → ________ adv.（愤怒地） 3. fool n.（傻瓜） → ________ adj.（愚蠢的，傻的） → ________ adv.（愚蠢地） 4. remain vi.（剩余，继续存在；逗留） → ________ adj.（剩余的，剩下的） 5. wide adj.（宽的；广泛的） → ________ vt. & vi.（加宽，变宽） → ________ n.（宽度） → ________ adv.（普遍地，广泛地） 6. act n.（戏剧等的一幕；行为；表演） → ________ n.（行动，行为） → ________ n.（活动） → ________ adj.（积极的，活跃的） → ________ adv.（积极地） 7. able adj.（能够的） → ________ n.（能力） → ________ adj.（未能，无法） 8. write vt. & vi.（写） → ________ n.（作家，作者） → ________ n.（著作，作品） 9. last vi.（持续） → ________ adj.（持久的） → ________ adv.（持久地） （三）用所给词的适当形式填空 1. She read the cruel letter and shouted ________（angry）at everyone in the room. 2. He acted so ________（fool）that everyone in the class laughed at him. 3. She has loved ________（classic）music and old plays since she was a child. 4. Reading widely can greatly improve a child's ________（able）to think. 5. The ________（remain）leaf on the tree gave the sick woman new hope. 6. O. Henry is a famous American ________（write）of short stories. 7. In the play, his every word and ________（act）moved the whole audience. 8. In the story, the two families had been bitter ________（enemy）for years. 9. The wonderful play ________（last）for nearly three hours last night. 10. Reading good books from a young age can greatly ________（wide）a child's view of the world. （四）短文选词填空 用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次，有两项多余。 classic branch remain masterpiece unable image widely anger lasting foolish "The Last Leaf" is a (1)________ short story by O. Henry that is still (2)________ read and loved today. In it, a sick young woman lies in bed in a small apartment, watching the leaves fall from an old (3)________ outside her window. She firmly believes that she will die the moment the last leaf drops, and nothing her friends say can change her mind — she seems (4)________ to give up such a sad idea. One cold and stormy night, however, the last leaf still (5)________ firmly on the tree the next morning. In fact, an old painter downstairs has secretly drawn it there during the night, and it turns out to be his greatest (6)________. The brave (7)________ of that tiny leaf fills the woman with hope and gives her the courage to live on. Such a story leaves a deep and (8)________ impression on every reader. （五）短语及用法填空 1. ________（慢慢来）; there's no need to hurry when you read a good book. 2. This long sentence doesn't ________（讲得通）to me at all. 3. The touching story ________（与……有很大关系）the writer's own life. 4. The old painter almost ________（用完）money before finishing his work. 5. The famous writer finally ________（露面）at the book fair yesterday. 6. ________（快点）, or we'll miss the beginning of the play. 7. Please ________（就座）; the play is about to begin. 8. The story is set ________（以……为背景）the background of a long war. （六）首字母填空 阅读短文，根据首字母提示填入恰当的单词。 A play is a special kind of literature, written not to be read silently but to be performed on a stage in front of a live audience. A long play is usually divided into several (1)a________, and each one carries the story forward step by step until the final scene. Before the show begins, the audience are politely asked to be (2)s________ quietly in their seats and to switch off their phones. As the lights slowly go down, the noisy hall (3)r________ completely silent, and the old story written long ago seems to come to life once again. A truly (4)c________ play becomes a model for later writers and can still be (5)w________ read, studied and performed hundreds of years after it first appeared. Through the words, looks and actions of its characters, a great play works just like a (6)m________ of real life: it shows us love and hate, joy and (7)a________, courage and fear. When the curtain finally falls, such a play often leaves a deep and (8)l________ impression on everyone in the theatre. Indeed, many people find themselves (9)u________ to forget these powerful (10)w________ even years later. （七）单句翻译 1. 这本书在全世界被广泛阅读。 _________________________________________________ 2. 这位生病的姑娘无法相信自己还能活下来。 _________________________________________________ 3. 那位老画家的杰作给读者留下了持久的印象。 _________________________________________________ 4. 优秀的文学作品是现实生活的一面镜子。 _________________________________________________ 5. 暴风雨过后，树上只剩下最后一片叶子。 _________________________________________________ 四、参考答案 （一）根据汉语提示写单词 1. short story 2. apartment 3. bedside 4. fair 5. throne 6. knock 7. doorbell 8. ring （二）词性转换链条练习 1. classical 2. angry / angrily 3. foolish / foolishly 4. remaining 5. widen / width / widely 6. action / activity / active / actively 7. ability / unable 8. writer / writing 9. lasting / lastingly （三）用所给词的适当形式填空 1. angrily 2. foolishly 3. classical 4. ability 5. remaining 6. writer 7. action 8. enemies 9. lasted 10. widen （四）短文选词填空 1. classic 2. widely 3. branch 4. unable 5. remained 6. masterpiece 7. image 8. lasting （多余：anger, foolish） （五）短语及用法填空 1. Take your time 2. make sense 3. has a lot to do with 4. ran out of 5. showed up 6. Hurry up 7. be seated 8. against （六）首字母填空 1. acts 2. seated 3. remains 4. classic 5. widely 6. mirror 7. anger 8. lasting 9. unable 10. writings （七）单句翻译 1. This book is widely read all over the world. 2. The sick girl was unable to believe that she could still survive. 3. The old painter's masterpiece left a lasting impression on readers. 4. Good literature is a mirror of real life. 5. After the storm, only the last leaf remained on the tree. $