必修第一册 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS(课时作业Word)-【高考领航】2027年高考英语大一轮复习学案

**基本信息** 聚焦高考阅读核心题型，通过典例解析系统提炼细节理解、推理判断等解题方法，融合新课标话题培养语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解A|3题|细节理解题定位原文关键信息|夹叙夹议文体中情感态度与事实细节的关联| |阅读理解B|4题|推理判断题结合上下文逻辑分析|个人经历叙事与灾害预防主题的融合| |阅读理解C|4题|标题归纳题概括全文核心观点|跨学科知识（考古学、地理学）与气候危机议题的整合| |阅读七选五|5题|空格前后语境衔接分析|地震应对流程（震前/震时/震后）的逻辑链构建|

限时规范训练(5)　 (建议用时：30分钟　满分：40分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分) A (2026·温州联考)Brushing my teeth, I heard what sounded like branches scraping (刮擦) the roof.I paused, wondering what it could be.Then I thought that must have been Hurricane Isabel, which was blowing her way through our city. Then I heard the sound of breaking glass.A second later, the entire house shook.My husband and I stared at each other in frozen horror before rushing to check on our baby daughter asleep in her bed.The sound had scared her awake—never had a cry sounded so sweet—and my husband gratefully snatched her up and ran to the relative safety of our room. Then we ventured out.My husband started the car while I hurried across the street to let a neighbor know we were okay and heading to a friend's home.Shaking but grateful to be alive, we drove away. The next morning, bright sunlight clearly displayed the storm's destruction.We returned home to see that a giant tree in the center of our yard had effectively split our house in two! As we stood on the sidewalk wondering what to do, a local fire truck pulled up.The firefighters informed us that our home had received the worst damage in the city.When we meet neighbors for the first time, their eyes pop when they realize we live in the house the tree fell through. In the days and weeks that followed, we remembered the feeling of relief when we realized that everyone in our lives who mattered was unscathed—me, my husband, our daughter and even our two pets. Yes, we lost many things.But those things were replaceable and the damage was temporary. Every so often we pull out the photos of the tree's destruction and feel surprised at how blessed we were—and still are.Whenever we begin to feel ungrateful or unsatisfied with what we have, those photos and memories offer a reminder of how we came through that trial. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一次空前的飓风突然袭来，作者一家人死里逃生。经历过灾难的作者深深地为自己的幸运而感恩。 1．How did the author feel when she heard the baby crying？(　　) A．Heartbroken.　　　　 B．Curious. C．Doubtful. D．Delighted. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段中“never had a cry sounded so sweet”可知，作者听到孩子的哭声后感到非常庆幸和高兴——因为自己的女儿还活着。故D项正确。 2．What made the author and her husband survive the terrible accident？(　　) A．Their leaving home quickly. B．Their calling the firefighters. C．Their receiving help from neighbors. D．Their fighting with hurricane bravely. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第二至四段可知，作者一家之所以能够死里逃生，主要是因为他们当时作出的明智决定——快速离家去投奔朋友。故A项正确。 3．What does the underlined word “unscathed” in paragraph 6 mean？(　　) A．Not injured. B．Not affected. C．Not included. D．Not disturbed. 解析：A　词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，飓风结束了，作者一家人平安无事。故A项正确。 B (2025·湖南省大联考)As the first girl in my family, I was born in Venezuela, twelve months to the day before one of the biggest earthquakes in the country's history struck the capital city Caracas in 1967.I've always seen this as a sign of my destiny. Disasters have the potential to set back a nation's development for years and even decades.However, my personal experiences have taught me that the extent of damage often depends on whether there is a culture of prevention within the affected society. I recall a time when I was living in an apartment building when a moderate earthquake struck.My reaction, after the immediate “drop, cover, hold on” reflexes (反射动作), was to hope that the building would prove to be structurally sound.As the shaking slowly stopped, I ran outside to wait for possible aftershocks.My fears, thankfully, did not happen.It had resisted the quake because it followed the country's building codes. Occasions like this show the necessity of having updated building codes that include lessons learned from past disasters.Had the building not followed these updated codes, I may not have survived.This experience has only strengthened my belief in the value of prevention in mitigating the impact of disasters. I have spent the past two years working on the Built Environment in Latin America and the Caribbean Project.The project has developed risk-informed policies and engineering techniques in the six countries that were selected for their particularly high exposure to earthquakes.This project fits perfectly with my professional and personal goals, as it combines my passion and experience in risk reduction.Like the third little pig in the tale of Three Little Pigs, who puts resilience (韧性) above convenience while building his house from bricks, I'm committed to building a framework of prevention and resilience, as I know that early action today can prevent problems tomorrow. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自身经历深刻认识到预防地震的重要性。作者还参与相关项目，致力于抗震救灾工作。 4．What does the author refer to as her destiny？(　　) A．Rebuilding cities after disasters. B．Experiencing many earthquakes. C．Doing work related to earthquakes. D．Updating building codes in Venezuela. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段以及最后一段可知，作者将从事与地震相关的工作视为自己的命运。故选C。 5．Why did the earthquake mentioned in paragraph 3 impress the author？(　　) A．She realized the danger of earthquakes. B．She felt she did not respond well enough. C．She was very lucky to escape with her life. D．She recognized the importance of prevention. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段中“It had resisted the quake because it followed the country's building codes.”以及第四段中“This experience has only strengthened my belief in the value of prevention in mitigating the impact of disasters.”可知，第三段提到的地震给作者留下深刻印象是因为她认识到了预防的重要性。故选D。 6．What does the underlined word “mitigating” in paragraph 4 mean？(　　) A．Causing. B．Reducing. C．Ignoring. D．Avoiding. 解析：B　词义猜测题。根据第三段中“It had resisted the quake because it followed the country's building codes.”和第四段中“This experience has only strengthened my belief in the value of prevention in mitigating the impact of disasters.”并结合前文提到建筑遵循规范抵御地震，可知预防是为了“减轻”灾害影响。故选B。 7．What does the tale of Three Little Pigs imply？(　　) A．Teamwork matters in preventing disasters. B．Risk reduction work requires a lot of skills. C．Damage caused by disasters can be avoided. D．Building houses needs passion and experience. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“就像《三只小猪》故事里的第三只小猪，用砖头盖房子时把韧性置于便利之上，我致力于构建一个预防和具备韧性的框架，因为我知道今日尽早行动，明日便可防患于未然。” 可知，《三只小猪》的故事暗示通过像第三只小猪一样注重韧性(预防措施)，灾害造成的损害是可以避免的。故选C。 C (课标变化题)Approximately 4，000 years following the last glacial period, hunter-gatherer communities encountered another sudden climate shift that forced rapid adaptation to significantly colder conditions. The 8.2 ka event，occurring 8，200 years ago, brought about temperature declines of up to 6 ℃ within mere decades.Meanwhile，the breakaway of a Scotland-sized landmass from the Norwegian continental shelf generated a massive tsunami that completed Britain's geographical separation from mainland Europe. Despite these severe environmental challenges，northern hemisphere (半球) populations demonstrated remarkable toughness.Through it all, people across the northern hemisphere survived, some by packing up and moving, others by sticking it out.Rick Schulting from the University of Oxford notes: “These communities were not passive victims but actively adapted to changing circumstances.” While previous research had examined regional impacts, Schulting's comprehensive study compared archaeological evidence and environmental records across northwestern Europe and southern Siberia.To understand how they adapted, scientists compared archaeological findings, such as burial sites and ancient remains, with environmental evidence preserved in ancient lake beds. This combination of clues allowed them to reconstruct past changes in the climate and landscape with remarkable precision. Adaptation strategies varied significantly across regions. Coastal communities in Norway's Oslofjord expanded through increased reliance on marine resources like fish and seals, while Lake Baikal populations showed minimal disruption due to stable water-based supplies.In contrast，northwestern Russian groups around Lake Onega exhibited unusual burial patterns suggesting strategic concentration near reliable food sources, whereas Scottish communities abandoned coastal settlements entirely, likely moving inland to survive the prolonged cold period. This ancient climate event provides crucial insights into human responses to environmental crises. As researchers emphasize, the 8.2 ka event serves as a critical case study for understanding how modern societies might address contemporary climate challenges, demonstrating that human adaptability remains essential for survival in changing environments. [课标变化] 2025课标新变化：构建人类命运共同体，契合新课标话题导向革新 本阅读聚焦“古代气候危机与人类适应性”这一深度议题，契合2025课标关注全球性议题的导向变化。同时，语篇以8.2千年气候事件为切入点，融合考古学、地理学跨学科知识，探讨人类面对环境挑战的多元适应策略，最终关联当代气候危机应对策略，既呼应了新课标中增加全球性问题、跨学科融合的话题拓展要求，又凸显人类命运共同体意识的价值引领。 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了8200年前的重大气候突变及其对人类社会的影响。 8．What was one major geographical event during the 8.2 ka event？(　　) A．The formation of a new landmass. B．Scotland's breaking off from Norway. C．A tsunami brought by temperature drop. D．Britain's split from Continental Europe. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“the breakaway of a Scotland-sized landmass...from mainland Europe”可知，8.2千年事件带来的影响之一是一块苏格兰大小的陆地从挪威大陆架上分离出来，引发了一场巨大的海啸，完成了英国与欧洲大陆的地理分离。故选D。 9．What was the overall research method of Schulting's study？(　　) A．Analysis of archaeological findings. B．Cross-disciplinary data correlation. C．Computer-simulated climate modeling. D．Comparison with former research. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Schulting's comprehensive study...and southern Siberia”可知，Schulting的综合研究比较了欧洲西北部和西伯利亚南部的考古证据和环境记录。据此可以推断，Schulting进行了考古学与环境学的跨学科研究。故选B。 10．What do the varied adaptation strategies suggest？(　　) A．Strategies relied on resources. B．Coastal food became lacking. C．Water access boosted survival. D．Customs signaled survival advantage. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，不同地区居民生存策略不同，这取决于他们拥有的资源。故选A。 11．What is the best title for the text？(　　) A．An Ancient Tsunami Isolated Britain B．Origins and Effects of the 8.2 Ka Event C．Stone-Age Diets Beating Climate Changes D．Ancient Lessons for Modern Climate Crises 解析：D　标题归纳题。本文第一段介绍了8.2千年事件及其带来的影响，第二段讲到北半球一些地区的人们主动适应环境变化；第三、四段则讲到了Rick Schulting研究的方法和适应策略的地区差异性，最后一段表明8.2千年事件为人类应对环境危机提供了重要的见解，故D项“应对现代气候危机的古代经验”能够很好地概括全文，适合作本文的标题。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分) (2025·沈阳市质量监测)Earthquakes are unpredictable natural disasters that can cause dramatic damage in seconds. 1 Proper preparation and knowing what to do during and after an earthquake can significantly increase your chances of staying safe.This guide helps you prepare, respond, and recover effectively. Before the quake One important way to prepare for a quake is to try to make your home safe.The stuff inside your home is just as important as the walls themselves.Take a tour of each room to look for things that could fall or break. 2 Move large or heavy objects to lower shelves, install latches (门闩) on cupboards, and secure any large appliances like water heaters. When the shaking starts 3 In many situations that means remembering three actions: drop, cover, and hold. Drop: Get down on your hands and knees immediately.This position protects you from falling but still allows you to move if necessary. Cover: Place your head and neck (and your entire body if possible) underneath a strong table or desk. Hold: Stay put until the shaking stops.Be prepared to move with your shelter if the shaking shifts it around. After the shaking calms Even after the ground grows still, the danger is not necessarily over.As the Earth settles from its quake, it can produce a series of smaller quakes known as aftershocks. 4 The first quake is then called a foreshock, and the second is called a main shock. Still, once the shaking calms, it's time to start getting ready for more.First, check for injuries.Next, check the gas and electric lines, and turn them off if you can do so safely.And if you are inside a heavily damaged structure, get yourself and others out as soon as possible.If you're trapped, stay calm.Protect your mouth, nose, and eyes from the dust.Make noise to get responders' attention. 5 A．Protect yourself as quickly as possible. B．There are generally two types of quakes. C．They occur most often near plate boundaries. D．If you are outside, keep an eye out for danger. E．A second quake might occasionally bigger than the first. F．Sometimes this can be solved with a little reorganization. G．They can strike anywhere, at any time, and without warning. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章聚焦地震灾害及应对措施，先点明其不可预测性与强破坏性，随后按震前、震时、震后三阶段，具体说明各阶段的准备、应对及恢复要点。 1．解析：G　上文强调了地震的不可预测性和破坏性。选项G进一步说明地震可以在任何地点、任何时间毫无预兆地发生，与前文衔接紧密，且引出下文关于地震应对的内容。故选G。 2．解析：F　上文“Take a tour of each room to look for things that could fall or break.”提出要检查房间里可能掉落或破碎的东西。选项F中的“this”指代上文“寻找可能掉落或破碎的东西”这件事，且说明了处理这些问题的方法是重新整理。故选F。 3．解析：A　下文“In many situations that means remembering three actions: drop, cover, and hold.”介绍了地震发生时的具体应对动作。选项A概括了这部分内容的主旨，即尽快保护自己，引出下文。故选A。 4．解析：E　根据下文可知，此处是说第二次地震可能比第一次地震大。故选E。 5．解析：D　上文主要介绍了地震后在室内的应对措施。选项D则补充了在室外的情况，即要留意危险。这里与上文在室内的情况相呼应，使文章关于地震后应对措施的介绍更加全面。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $