选择性必修第三册 UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE(教师用书Word)-【高考领航】2027年高考英语大一轮复习学案

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考核心考点，整合语法填空、词汇运用、句型结构及写作技巧，按“词汇-语法-语用”逻辑层次系统编排，通过考点梳理（如核心词汇qualify、abandon的用法及练透）、方法指导（构词法、as...as...句型公式）、真题训练（单句语法填空、高考真题微点练通）等环节，助力学生构建知识网络，突破复习难点。 资料以语言能力与思维品质培养为核心，创新设计“熟词生义辨析”“微场景动作描写补全”等活动，如通过“看”的词块积累提升读后续写表达。设置分层练习（基础巩固、能力提升）和即时应用（主题短文投稿），确保高效复习，为教师精准把控节奏、提升学生应考能力提供实用指导。

As a young man of both passion and 1.endurance (endure), Perce Blackborow had long been dreaming of decent adventures.So he didn't give up when Sir Ernest Shackleton turned 2.down his request to join the expedition.Perce secretly hid himself in a cupboard, only to be found three days after they set off.He felt fortunate and happy when he 3.was assigned (assign) as a steward instead of being sent back home. It turned out to be 4.a tough journey.The ship got stuck in the ice as they approached Antarctica and they had to abandon the ship.5.Under the guidance of Sir Ernest, they threw away nearly everything except necessities and a banjo, 6.which kept their spirits up during the journey.Survival was not easy and things went from bad 7.to worse.Finally Sir Ernest left for South Georgia Island in order to find help.The desperate situation made young Perce Blackborow feel down and become bad-tempered.It was the genuine encouragement and concern from Bless Frank Wild that cheered him up.Frank and Ernest's resolve and 8.perseverance (persevere) filled him with hope.9.Realising (realise) that he shouldn't become 10.selfish (selfishness) just because of the adversity they were faced with, he learned to be optimistic and determined. 1　qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)[ ☞qualify v．(使)有资格 ☞qualification n．资格；学历] [练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I have taken part in several similar activities, so I'm convinced that I have the qualification (qualify) for the voluntary work. ②I have engaged in several similar activities, thus qualifying (qualify) for the voluntary work. ③我不仅热情而且容易相处，这使我能胜任报纸上刊登的志愿工作。(应用文之申请信) I am not only enthusiastic but also easy to get along with, which makes me qualified for the voluntary work advertised in the newspaper. (1)qualify for sth　　　有资格做某事 (2)qualify sb to be/as... 使某人有资格成为…… (3)be qualified for sth 有资格做某事 2　enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的(☞enthusiastically adv.热情地；热心地☞ enthusiasm n．热情；热忱) [练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She learned English with enthusiasm，participating in discussions and answering questions enthusiastically．(enthusiastic) ②Whenever I encounter difficulties, you always cheer me up and help me out, which fuels my enthusiasm (enthusiastic) for English and boosts my confidence. ③她一直都对仰望夜空充满热情，她下定决心要成为一名天文学家。 She had always been enthusiastic about watching the night sky and she decided to become an astronomer. (1)be enthusiastic about (doing) sth　　对(做)……热情 (2)be full of enthusiasm 充满热情 with enthusiasm(＝enthusiastically) 热情地 3　aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)[☞board vt.& vi.上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等) n．木板；董事会；伙食 ☞broad adj.宽阔的；广阔的☞ abroad adv.在/到国外；在/到海外] [练透]—— 完成句子 ①听到这个好消息时，她脸上绽放出灿烂的笑容，露出了洁白的牙齿。(读后续写之情感描写) When she heard the good news, a broad smile spread across her face, exposing her white teeth. ②很多家长希望孩子能出国上大学，认为这会让他们拥有更广阔的国际视野。 Many parents hope their children can go abroad to attend university, believing it will give them a broader international perspective. ③他们在上火车前已经互相道别，但这位母亲一直在向车上的女儿挥手，直到火车消失。 They had said goodbye to each other before going aboard/boarding the train，but the mother kept waving hands to her daughter on board until the train went out of sight. (1)go aboard　　上船(飞机、火车等) (2)on board 在船(火车或飞机)上 (3)go abroad 出国 4　envy n．& vt.羡慕；妒忌(☞envious adj.妒忌的；羡慕的) [练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I envied him being (be) enthusiastic and full of energy and it seemed that he never felt exhausted. ②I looked at the athletes with envy, admiring their skills on the field. ③想到她得到我妈妈那么多的关爱， 一股嫉妒之情涌上我的心头。(读后续写之心理描写) A wave of envy welled up in my heart when I thought of how much affection she had received from my mother. (1)envy sb (doing) sth　羡慕/嫉妒某人(做)某事 (2)with envy 羡慕地/嫉妒地 be green with envy 嫉妒得眼红 5　abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃 n．放任；放纵(☞abandoned adj.被遗弃的；放纵的) [练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①At the party，people sang and danced with abandon，totally forgetting the troubles in their lives. ②Lacking self-discipline, they may abandon themselves to playing (play) online games. ③他最后一句话深深地伤了她的心。她大哭起来， 陷入绝望。 (读后续写之情感描写) His last sentence went like a bullet to her heart.She burst into tears and abandoned herself to despair． (1)abandon doing sth 放弃做某事 abandon oneself to doing sth 沉湎于做某事；放纵(感情)于做某事 (2)with abandon 纵情；放任地 (3)be abandoned to... 沉湎于…… 6　sink vi.(sank/sunk, sunk, sinking) 沉没；下沉；下降 vt.使下沉；使沉没 [练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①For a long time, he just stared at the photo before him merrily, sinking (sink) in sweet memories in the past. ②大卫只走了几米就绊了一跤，倒在地上，这使我的心沉了下去。 David had only gone a few metres before he tripped and fell flat on the ground, which made my heart sink． ③我的心跳加速，然后我陷入了失望，因为我的名字不在名单上。 My heart was beating fast and then I sank into disappointment as my name was not on the list. ④太阳开始下沉，我踏上了前往哈雷纳森林的旅途。我正要去见证一次独特的采蜜过程。(2023·浙江卷1月) The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest.I was on my way to witness a unique honey harvest. sink into/down/back　颓然坐下/重重倒下 one's heart sinks 心情沉重； 情绪低落 a sinking feeling 颓丧感 7　 句型公式：as...as...意为“和……一样”，表示同级比较 教材原句： How could I become as selfish and bad-tempered as Thomas Orde-Lees! 我怎么能变得像托马斯·奥德利斯一样自私和脾气暴躁呢！ [练透]——完成句子 ①他和我一样勤奋，因此，他已取得了和我一样多的进步。 He is as hard-working as me，so he has made as much progress as me． ②对孩子来说，感受到爱和接受良好教育一样重要，两者都能帮助他们快乐成长。 For children, feeling loved is as important as getting a good education, both help them grow up happily. ③新建的体育场是旧体育场的三倍大，可以在那里举办各种体育赛事。 The newly-built stadium is three times as big as the old one，where a variety of sports events can be held. as＋ adj./adv.＋as...，还有如下用法： (1)否定式：not as/so＋ adj./adv.＋as... (2)倍数＋as＋ adj./adv.＋as... (3)as much/many＋名词＋as... 微点练通 微点点拨 1.①To resolve (resolve) conflicts，we should learn to communicate more and put ourselves in others' place. ②(译林选必三U1)I made a resolution (resolve) to respect and protect this unique landscape while I was here. 2．When I turned to him for help，he turned me down without hesitation (毫不犹豫地拒绝了我), which made me very disappointed. 3．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷写作)Without your recognition and guidance (guide), I couldn't have won the writing contest. 4.(2024·北京卷)Typically, cruelty (cruel) and cheating are discouraged, while cooperation, humbleness and courage are praised. 5．① If it hadn't been for your help (要不是你的帮助), I wouldn't have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition. ②If I were a dustman (如果我是一名环卫工人)，I would make our city cleaner with no rubbish lying on the street. ③If I saw/should see/were to see him tomorrow (要是我明天见到他), I would inform him of the good news that I ranked first in the competition held yesterday. 1.①resolve to do sth 决定做某事 ②resolution n．决议；解决；坚定；决心 make a resolution to do sth下定决心做某事 2．turn sb down拒绝(某人) turn up出现；把音量调大 turn to sb (for help)求助于某人 turn out 结果是；最终成为 3．under the guidance of 在……的指导下 4.be cruel to 对……残忍 5．if引导的虚拟条件句 ①与现在事实相反：If...＋过去式，主句主语＋should/could/might/would＋动词原形． ②与过去事实相反：If...＋had done，主句主语＋should/could/might/would＋have done. ③与将来事实相反：If...＋did/should do/were to do，主句主语＋should/could/might/would＋动词原形． Ⅰ.单句语法填空——巩固语言知识 1．Riding bicycles benefits the environmental conservation because they won't give off waste gases. 2．The advertising (advertise) industry started with the fundamental purpose of promoting and selling goods to people who might need them. 3．On behalf of all the students，I recommend Tom to take on the job because he is qualified (qualify) and enthusiastic. 4．According to the airline rules，we recommend you (should)switch off your mobile phone before boarding (board) the plane. 5．Knowing your enthusiasm (enthusiastic)for traditional Chinese architecture, I am excited to tell you about a wonderful event. 6．(2026·广东省部分学校联考)Dragging myself slowly to the coffee table, I sank (sink) onto the sofa and closed my eyes. 7．(2026·浙江省嘉兴市模拟) They decided to practice secretly in an abandoned (abandon)classroom at the back of the school, where no one would disturb them. 8．Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (assign) during the course. 9．(2025·全国一卷)“...You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘guidance (guide)’ till they lose，” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. 10．In the face of all these difficulties, we should not be discouraged but keep our spirits up． Ⅱ.熟词生义/一词多义——清除阅读障碍 1．猜测下列句子中加黑词的含义 ①She was sincere and genuine in her wish to make up for her former mistakes.真诚的 ②Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread.洗涤槽，水槽 ③Boiling with extreme anger，he barked a series of questions at his crew. 厉声质问 ④ I don't know how to release the pressure in such a rough time.艰难的 2．选出bat的含义 ①He was trying to bat the flies away with his newspaper. __D__ ②In China, the bat is a symbol of good fortune. __B__ ③He hid the baseball bat under his bed. __A__ ④He batted the ball high into the air. __C__ A.n.球拍 B.n.蝙蝠(生义) C.vt.用球板击球 D.vt.挥打；拍打 3.选出bitter的含义 ①Black coffee leaves a bitter taste in the mouth. __D__ ②She had a long and bitter dispute with the manager. __B__ ③It's really bitter out today.__A__ ④I've learnt from bitter experience not to trust what he says.__C__ A.adj.严寒的 B.adj.激烈而不愉快的(生义) C.adj.痛苦的 D.adj.味苦的 Ⅲ.构词法精练——快速增加词汇 动词后缀-en 动词后缀-en的核心含义是“使……成为”或“变得……”，表示状态或性质的变化。 类型 典例 形容词后加-en weak (虚弱的)→ weaken (使虚弱) soft (柔软的)→ soften (使变软) sad (悲伤的)→ sadden (使悲伤) short (短的)→ shorten (缩短) hard (坚硬的)→ harden (使变硬) bright (明亮的)→ brighten (使明亮) 名词后加-en length (长度)→ lengthen (延长) fright (惊吓)→ frighten (使害怕) heart (心)→ hearten (鼓励) 猜测下列句子中加黑词的含义 1．Regular practice will sharpen your language skills.提高 2．Her sudden departure saddened the whole community. 使悲伤 3．Their friendship strengthened after they worked together. 加强；巩固 短文投稿——优秀品行 你们学校正举办主题为“如何应对逆境”的征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容要点如下： 1．面对逆境的态度；2.举例说明(中国古代或现代名人)；3.你的感受或启发。 根据提示，利用本单元所学知识完成作文 ①Facing adversity, we should have the perseverance to move on (面对逆境，我们应该有毅力前行), which is of great importance.Take Zhang Qian, one of the most influential explorers during the Han Dynasty, as an example，②who showed exceptional endurance and perseverance in the face of adversity (面对困境时他表现出了非凡的忍耐力和毅力). Zhang Qian was assigned to lead the expedition to the Western Regions twice.Unfortunately, he was once in prison for over a decade, but he ③never abandoned the motive for his voyages (从未放弃远行的目的).Furthermore, despite miserable journey conditions, his commitment facilitated the commercial and cultural exchanges between the East and the West along the Silk Road. Inspired by him, ④I have resolved to stick to my aim regardless of any difficulties (我决心无论遇到什么困难都要坚持自己的目标). 积累常诵——动作描写之“看”(二) 词块积累 金句背诵 ①glance at/around/back/up/down瞥一眼/环视/回头看/向上看/向下看 ②take/cast a glance at...向……瞥一眼 ③catch a glimpse of瞥见 ④see sth out of the corner of one's eye用眼角余光一瞟 ⑤cast a sideways look at斜瞟了一眼 ⑥peep at/through偷看 ⑦steal a glance at偷偷瞥一眼 ⑧keep/take one's eyes off ...把目光从……上移开 ⑨tear one's eyes away from恋恋不舍地把目光从……移开 ⑩look sb in the eye(s)/look into one's eyes直视某人的眼睛 ⑪drop one's gaze垂下眼帘 ⑫lower/drop one's eyes 垂下眼睛 1.I glanced/looked back over my shoulder to make sure that no one was following me. 我回头瞥了一眼以确保没有人跟着我。 2．The teacher cast a glance at the noisy student, and the classroom immediately became quiet. 老师朝那个吵闹的学生匆匆瞥了一眼，教室立刻安静了下来。 3．She apologised to me sincerely and looked me in the eye the whole time. 她真诚地向我道歉，全程直视着我的眼睛。 4．When the teacher pointed out her mistake in the homework, she dropped her gaze, too embarrassed to say a word. 当老师指出她作业中的错误时，她垂下眼帘，尴尬得说不出话来。 5．The teacher was writing on the blackboard, but out of the corner of her eye, she saw two students passing a note. 老师在黑板上写字，却用眼角的余光看到两个学生传纸条。 用表“看”的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵 微场景59 主题“优秀品行”——考试作弊过程中的“看” When he came to the open-ended questions, he sighed desperately from the bottom of his heart.①Casting secret glances around him (偷偷环顾四周，分词短语作状语), he dishonestly drew out his notes.②He unfolded them and began scanning them (他打开笔记，开始查看).As he was putting them back, he felt someone tapping him on the shoulder.Scared, Raj turned slowly in his seat and ③stared at the stony face of the teacher (盯着老师冷漠的脸).She pointed to the notes hidden in his pencil case and raised an eyebrow in disbelief. 微场景60 主题“优秀品行”——被老师发现手机后的“看” The teacher was scanning the classroom when he noticed Mary.Her eyes were glued to the phone.Mary looked up, ④met the teacher's eyes (迎上老师的目光), paused for a moment, and ⑤dropped her gaze (垂下眼帘).She swallowed hard, wondering how to explain it.⑥The teacher kept his eyes off her cellphone (老师把目光从她的手机上移开), waiting patiently for her explanation.Finally, she looked up, ⑦looked the teacher in the eye/looked into her teacher's eyes (直视老师的眼睛) and told him the truth. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $