选择性必修第二册 UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS(教师用书Word)-【高考领航】2027年高考英语大一轮复习学案

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考核心考点，整合语法填空、词汇运用、句型结构及写作模块，按“基础词汇-语法规则-句型应用-写作实践”逻辑架构知识体系。通过考点梳理（如动词时态语态）、方法指导（句型公式练透）、真题训练（新课标卷例句）等环节，帮助学生系统突破难点，体现复习的系统性与针对性。 资料以语言能力和思维品质培养为核心，创新采用“微点练通+熟词生义+构词法总结”教学策略，如通过语境猜测shift多义、归纳-ive后缀规律。设置分层练习（单句语法填空、作文应用），结合即时反馈，确保高效复习。助力学生提升词汇运用与句型转换能力，为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰模块指导。

David was a 1.gifted (gift) young man with scientific thinking.Last summer, cholera broke out in his hometown.Hundreds of households 2.were infected (infect), suffering from severe diarrhoea，dehydration and it even caused multiple deaths.The disease cast a shadow on people's life. A medical team was set up in 3.defence (defend) of people's health.However, at the initial stage, the doctors were 4.frustrated (frustrate) by the contradictory theories about the cause of the disease.At that time, David offered to work as an 5.assistant (assist).He carefully read books of epidemiology.Although abstract, it provided him with a theoretical framework. This brilliant young man suspected that there was a link between the disease and the nearby factories.He interviewed the residents who came down with cholera and the people in charge 6.of the factories.Furthermore, with the assistance of a microscope, he traced the disease back to the germs and viruses in the drinking water.With concrete 7.proofs (prove) and statistics, he announced his finding that the water pump was 8.to blame (blame).The doctors admitted their fault and shifted the treatment immediately. Thanks 9.to David's solid work and the government's intervention, the threat of cholera saw a substantial decrease.Besides, people were called on to take a vaccine to destroy the disease once and for all.Above all, David 10. transformed (transform) the way people studied diseases. 1　blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责 [练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①In my view，Li Hua，who broke the school rules，was to blame (blame). ②蒂姆因为演出失败受到责备，他悲伤得忍不住痛哭。(读后续写之情感描写) Blamed for the failure of the performance，Tim felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn't help crying bitterly. ③当面对失败时，我们应该反思自己，而不是把责任推给别人，这比失败本身更重要。(读后续写之主旨升华) When faced with failure, we should reflect on ourselves instead of placing the blame on/blaming others, which is more important than failure itself. (1)blame sb for (doing) sth 为(做)某事责备某人/责备某人(做)某事 blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for...) 应(为……)承担责任；该(为……)受责备 (2)lay/put the blame on把责任归咎于…… [点津]　be to blame无被动语态。 2　decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 [练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Through the doctor's efforts，the number of people who suffered from the disease had decreased (decrease) significantly by the end of last century. ②Nowadays, with the development of society, the number of wild elephants is on the decrease at an alarming rate due to various reasons. ③令人遗憾的是，近年来，全球变暖导致了野生动物数量的急剧减少。(应用文之环境问题) It's a pity that global warming has caused a sharp decrease in the number of wildlife in recent years. (1)decrease by　　　　减少了 decrease (from ...) to (从……)减少到 decrease in 在某方面下降 (2)on the decrease/increase 在减少/在增加 a decrease in sth 某方面的减少 3　defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解[☞defenc(s)e n．防御；保卫；保护] [练透]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①With no shelter in sight, Alice was determined to defend her sister from/against any danger that the storm might bring.(读后续写之场景描写) ②The assistant stepped back appearing frightened and put up her hands as if in defence/defense (defend). ③狼紧紧地追在他后面，他下了自行车，拿起一根棍子保护自己。(读后续写之动作描写) →With the wolf running closely after him，he got off his bike and took up a stick in defence/defense of himself．(defence/defense) →With the wolf running closely after him，he got off his bike and defended himself with a stick．(defend) (1)defend ...against/from　　　　　保护……免受 defend oneself 自卫；为自己辩护 (2)in defence/defense (of) 保护；为了保卫 in one's defence/defense 为某人辩护 4　come down with患(病)；染上(小病) [练透]——用come的相关短语填空/完成句子 ①Aware that my partner came down with a serious disease, I had knots in my throat and rushed to hospital anxiously. ②Firstly，when you come across unfamiliar words，don't always refer to the dictionary. ③I need to come up with a creative theme for my sister's birthday party by the end of the week. ④说到英语学习，我分享以下实用的建议。(应用文之建议信) When it comes to English learning, I have the following practical suggestions to share. come about　　发生(无被动形式) come across (偶然)遇见；碰见 come on 加油；到来；得了吧 come out 出版；结果是；(花)开放 come up 走近；上来；被提出 come up with 提出；想出 when it comes to... 当谈及…… 5　above all最重要的是；尤其是 [练透]——用all的相关短语填空/完成句子 ①The university I recommend to you is Beijing Language and Culture University.First of all/Above all，you'd better learn some basic Chinese before you come.After all，you will be under completely unfamiliar circumstances.All in all，studying for a degree in a different culture is not easy at all．(应用文之推荐信) ②最重要的是，朋友是在患难的时候表达关爱而不是在幸福的时候。(读后续写之主旨升华) Above all, friends show their love in times of trouble, not in times of happiness. after all　　毕竟；终究 all in all 整体说来；总而言之 in all 全部；合计 first of all 首先 at all (否定句)一点也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟 6　 句型公式：until引导的时间状语从句 教材原句：Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome. 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 [练透]——完成句子/句式升级 ①声音越来越大，直到大卫拖着腿越过终点线。 The voice became louder and louder until David dragged his leg crossing the finish line. ②直到那时，我才明白母亲的爱无价，没有什么能与之相比。 Not until then did I realise that the love of Mother is priceless，which nothing can match. ③I didn't realise the significance of team work until I took part in the basketball team. → Not until I took part in the basketball team did I realise the significance of team work.(倒装句) → It was not until I took part in the basketball team that I realised the significance of team work.(强调句) (1)not...until...意为“直到……才……”，引导时间状语从句； (2)在not...until...句型结构中，可以把not until提到句首，此时主句用部分倒装语序； (3)not...until...句型的强调句式为It is/was not until...that...。 7　句型公式：have＋宾语＋宾语补足语 教材原句：Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. 相应地，他让人把水泵的手柄拆了，这样水泵就不能用了。 [练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①So if a student has his head lowered (lower) to look at his watch, it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end. ②我很遗憾地告诉你，我将会让你退出比赛，因为我们不能容忍任何人在比赛中作弊。 I regret to tell you that I will have you quit the competition，for we can't have anybody cheating in the game. ③我非常抱歉让你等了这么长时间，因为刚才我有一件紧急的事情要处理。(应用文之道歉信) I am terribly sorry for having you waiting for so long，because I had an urgent thing to attend to just now. (1)have sth done　使某事被做 have sb do sth 让某人做某事 have sb/sth doing sth 让某人一直做某事/让某事处于某种状态 can't have sb doing sth 不能容忍某人做某事 (2)have sth to do 有某事要做 微点练通 微点点拨 1.①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) People often link their memory of what they've read to/with how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. ② The above chart shows that the poor performance of many students at school is closely linked to/with (与……密切相关) their frequent use of smartphones. 2.Frustrated and disappointed (既沮丧又失望)，I felt as if I were thrown into a world of limitless darkness. 3．(外研必修三U3)In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof (prove) that it hit him on the head. 4．(译林选必一U2) As a gifted (gift) child, Beethoven was pushed by his father to study music day and night. 5．① One sunny morning, the sun began to rise, casting a warm golden glow over the park (温暖的金色阳光辉映着公园). ②She cast us a look (她看向我们), with her face wearing a warm smile. ③(2025·全国一卷) With tears pouring down my cheeks (泪水从脸颊流下), I hugged my brother tightly, unable to say a word. 1.①link...with/to...把……和……连接/联系起来 be linked with/to...和……联系在一起 ②There is a link between...and... ……和……之间有联系。 2.①frustrated意为“沮丧的，失意的”，常用来修饰人或人的表情； ②frustrating意为“令人沮丧的”，常用来修饰物。 3．proof意为“证据”，常用句式：There is no proof that ...“没有证据表明……”。 4．①gifted表示“有天分的”，同义词为talented； ②have a gift/talent for“有……的天赋”。 5．续写提分小妙词：cast、pour ①cast a smile 露出微笑 cast a glance 瞥了一眼 cast a shadow 投下阴影 ②pour out one's heart 倾诉心声 pour out disappointment 吐露失望之情 pour with rain 大雨倾盆 Tears poured down his cheeks. 眼泪顺着他的面颊簌簌地落下。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空——巩固语言知识 1．(2026·皖北协作区联考)This card made us feel very warm, like it was the best proof (prove) of our kindness on the journey. 2．Recovering from surgery had left him frustrated (frustrate) and short-tempered, and he realised now how inconsiderate he had been. 3．A few minutes spent casting (cast) your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. 4．The diary, which I initially (initial) thought was a disappointing gift, turned out to be the most precious one. 5．The bright stadium lights shone on my face as I rushed past two defenders (defend), my heart beating fast. 6．The young scientist, whose research work is progressing steadily (steady), is expected to make a significant breakthrough in the field of biotechnology. 7．This experience has taught me that conflict, when handled (handle) constructively, can lead to growth and understanding. 8．In reality，the mechanic made a severe mistake，shifting (shift) his weight nervously from one foot to another. Ⅱ.熟词生义/一词多义——清除阅读障碍 1．猜测下列句子中加黑词的含义 ①The engine is used for pumping water out of the mine.用泵输送 ②The research lacks solid proof，and therefore，its conclusions are doubtful.可靠的 ③He is determined to hire a famous lawyer to defend himself in court.为……辩解 ④Over twenty prisoners were crushed into a small dark cell.牢房；小房间 2．选出subscribe to的含义 ①He subscribes to the view that we can tackle the severe problem in this way once and for all.__C__ ②Amy thought it was worthwhile to read English newspapers every day，so she subscribed to the 21st Century.__A__ ③Many people subscribed money to the education fund.__B__ A.订购 B.把……捐赠给……(生义) C.同意；赞同 3.选出shift的含义 ①Public attitudes towards this have shifted over the past 50 years.__B__ ②He shifted his gaze from the screen to the window, lost in thought.__C__ ③The student volunteers were divided into three shifts, each responsible for different activities and times.__A__ ④When their father died last year, the children had to shift for themselves.__D__ A.n.轮班(生义) B.vt.& vi.改变 C.vt.转移 D.vi.自己谋生(生义) Ⅲ.构词法精练——快速增加词汇 形容词后缀-ive 形容词后缀-ive主要表示“具有……性质的”“有……倾向的”或“与……有关的”。它通常表示一种主动的倾向、功能或特性。 规则 典例 直接加-ive act (行动)→active (积极的) effect (效果)→effective (有效的) detect (侦查)→detective (侦探的；侦查的) prevent (防止)→preventive (预防性的) attract (吸引)→attractive (有吸引力的) aggress (侵略)→aggressive (侵略性的) 不规则变化 create (创造)→creative (有创造力的) compare (比较)→comparative (比较的) 1.(2025·全国二卷)The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive (impress) building in town. It's also home to an ancient library. 2．She is very sensitive (sense) to criticism and often feels hurt by negative comments. 3．The global market is highly competitive (compete), requiring companies to innovate constantly. 征稿启事——中国科学家精神 假定你是某国际学校学生会主席李华，你校学生会正在向全体学生征集以“中国科学家精神”为主题的短视频。请你用英文拟一则征稿启事，内容包括： 1．活动目的；2.作品要求；3.投稿方式及截止时间。 根据提示，利用本单元所学知识完成作文 Contributions Wanted ①With the aim of offering students a deeper insight into the remarkable spirit of Chinese scientists (为了让学生更深入地了解中国科学家的非凡精神) and encouraging students to draw inspiration from them, our school is collecting short videos themed “The Spirit of Chinese Scientists.” Preference will be given to your entry if it meets the following requirements.First of all, the video is supposed to be original, positive and ②closely related to the theme (与主题密切相关).Furthermore, the video should ③center on the creativity, brilliance and achievements of an outstanding Chinese scientist (围绕一位杰出中国科学家的创造力、才华和成就展开), spreading the spirit of perseverance.④Above all, submit one through our school website no later than December 1st (最重要的是，请于12月1日前将视频发到我校网站). The Student Union October 20th 积累常诵——动作描写之“腿部”动作 词块积累 金句背诵 ①shaky/shaking/trembling legs颤抖的双腿 ②legs/knees buckle双腿/双膝发软 ③legs/knees be/feel as weak as jelly双腿/双膝发软 ④tired legs疲惫的双腿 ⑤cross one's legs盘腿 ⑥drag one's leg拖着(受伤的腿)行走 ⑦with one's legs wide apart双腿叉开 ⑧legs give way双腿不受控制 ⑨stretch one's legs活动活动腿脚 1.After the long - distance running, he dragged his leg with heavy steps. 长跑之后，他迈着沉重的步伐，拖着腿走路。 2．After hours of intense study, it's necessary to stretch your legs to relax your body and mind. 经过几个小时的紧张学习，有必要活动活动腿脚来放松身心。 3．Before stepping onto the stage to give the speech, his knees were as weak as jelly because he was too nervous. 上台演讲前，他因为过于紧张而双腿发软。 4．The little girl stood there with a trembling leg, too scared to move when she saw the big dog. 小女孩看到那只大狗时，站在原地腿不停地颤抖，吓得动弹不得。 用表“腿部”动作的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵 微场景43 主题“挑战自我”——比赛中体力不支时的“腿部”动作 I had begun the final sprint into glory when ①my legs gave way (双腿不受控制).I tried to take a step forward, but ②my legs wouldn't move (我的双腿不听使唤).Even though I knew my dream of victory had been destroyed, I had to finish the race.Then the feeling suddenly surged back into my legs.I stumbled forward, inch by inch, across the finish line.Shame pulsed through my veins as Dad pulled me into his arms, tears pouring down. 微场景44 主题“比赛”——冲向终点时的“腿部”动作 He ran towards the finish line, his mouth dry and ③his legs trembling (双腿颤抖，独立主格).All of a sudden, he tripped and fell, face down.With great effort，he struggled to his feet.Finally, he crossed the finish line ④on trembling legs (双腿颤抖，介词短语).⑤His legs were as weak as jelly (他双腿发软) as he collapsed to the ground, exhausted and wet with sweat. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $