必修第三册 UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES(教师用书Word)-【高考领航】2027年高考英语大一轮复习学案

该高中英语高考复习讲义围绕词汇运用、语法结构、书面表达等核心考点，按“基础词汇-句型应用-篇章写作”逻辑架构展开，通过考点梳理（如动词respond/appoint用法、“否定词+比较级”句型）、方法指导（熟词生义辨析、构词法精练）、真题训练（高考真题语法填空、写作范文）等环节，帮助学生构建知识网络，突破难点。 资料以“词-句-篇”一体化训练为特色，创新采用“句型公式+微场景描写”教学法，如结合无灵主语句、独立主格结构设计情感描写微场景，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。设置分层练习（单句语法巩固、短文写作提升），配合即时反馈，确保高效掌握考点，为教师精准把控复习节奏提供有力指导。

My aunt May is the person I admire most.Four 1.decades (decade) ago, she was born in a faraway village.Unlike the majority of girls who got 2.married (marry) at an early age, she dreamt of becoming a doctor to save lives.Though her wish to go to university 3.was rejected (reject) by my grandparents due to poverty, she never complained.Instead, she worked as a waitress in a café to pay the tuition fees of the medical training.Her determination carried herself 4.through the tough period.Finally she was admitted into a medical college with a full scholarship. After graduation, she was first hired in a clinic, spending a great deal of time 5.tending (tend) patients and publishing essays.Several years later, she was appointed as a resident physician.One day, a pregnant woman who tripped over a stone and fainted was rushed into the clinic.Though first aid was given, the woman's life was in danger.6.In despair, her husband begged May to save his kid first.7.Caught (catch) in a moral dilemma, May decided nobody's life could be replaced.Through a chain of 8.operations (operate) and with all her might, both lives were saved.Moved in tears, the woman's husband thanked her with lips trembling. With the sharp rise in the treatment cost, she often uses her 9.savings (save) to assist the patients in need.Being an 10.energetic (energy) and responsible doctor, she has protected countless patients from harm.She is a role model to me and is respected by all her colleagues and staff. 1　respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应(☞response n．反应；回答；回复) [练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The awkward moment ended with the class erupting into laughter.I forced a smile, unsure how to respond(respond) further.(2025·全国二卷读后续写) ②You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won't result in a useful response (respond). ③我写信是为了回应你上一封信，在信中你要我就如何策划以“绿色北京”为主题的俱乐部活动提供建议。(2023·北京卷) I am writing in response to your last letter asking me for advice on how to plan a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing”． (1)respond to对……做出回应或反应；答复 (2)in response to 对……的答复；对……做出反应 make a/no response to 对……做出回应/不予回答 2　appoint vt.任命；委派(☞appointment n．约会；约定，预约；委任☞appointed adj.约定的；指定的) [练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I turned up at the appointed (appoint) hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest had arrived and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.(2023·北京卷) ②People started queuing to make an appointment (appoint) early in the morning.(2024·全国甲卷) ③得知你已被任命为学生会主席，我真诚地祝贺你。(应用文之祝贺信) Learning that you have been appointed as/to be chairman of the Student Association，I sincerely congratulate you. (1)appoint sb as/to be...　　　任命某人为…… appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事 (2)make/have an appointment (with sb) (与某人)约会/预约 keep/break an appointment 守约/违约 3　tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于(☞tendency n．倾向，趋势) [练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Studies have found that children who spend more time outside tend to be (be) healthier, better adjusted and better at dealing with stress.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) ②As a Senior 3 student，it is normal that you have a tendency to get (get) anxious with time going by. ③我写信是为了向在医院里照顾我妈妈的王女士表示真诚的感谢。(应用文之感谢信) I'm writing to express my sincere thanks to Ms Wang who tended my mother in the hospital． (1)tend to do sth　易于做某事；往往会发生某事 (2)have a tendency to do sth 有做某事的倾向 4　scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓(☞scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的☞scary adj.吓人的；恐怖的) [练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone scared (scare).(2025·北京卷) ②当我意识到那头熊要回来攻击我们的时候，我几乎要吓死了。 When I realised that the bear was coming back to attack us, I was nearly scared to death． ③既害怕又震惊，莎拉呆立在原地，她的大脑飞速运转，想要弄明白刚刚发生了什么。 Scared and shocked, Sarah stood frozen in place, her mind racing to make sense of what had just happened. (1)be scared to do sth　　害怕/不敢做某事 be scared of sb/sth 害怕某人/某事 be scared to death 吓得要死 (2)scare sb into doing sth 恐吓某人做某事 5　replace vt.接替；取代；更换 [练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译 ①The worries and stresses of everyday life faded away, replaced (replace) by a sense of peace.(2026·长沙市联考) ②I replaced him as the leading role in the school drama, which came as a big shock to the class.(读后续写之情感描写) ③医生告诉他好消息时，他脸上的焦虑被宽慰所取代。(读后续写之表情描写) The anxiety on his face was replaced with/by relief as the doctor gave him the good news. ④喜欢其他文化并向其学习是件好事，但它们永远无法取代你自己的文化。 →It's good to enjoy other cultures and learn from them，but they can never replace your own culture． →It's good to enjoy other cultures and learn from them，but they can never take the place of your own culture． (1)replace sth with/by sth　　用……替换…… (2)take the place of 代替 take one's place 代替 (3)in place of 代替 6　assist vt.帮助；援助(☞assistance n．帮助；援助☞assistant n．助手；助理) [练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Seeing more and more leaves falling down on our campus, an idea flashed through my mind that I would assist the cleaners to pick (pick) leaves so as to prevent them from scattering all over the campus. ②Should you require any assistance (assist) or materials, please don't hesitate to contact me.(2025·全国二卷应用文) ③在他们爸爸的帮助下，这对双胞胎成功了，他们的脸上也洋溢着笑容。(读后续写之情感描写) With the assistance of their father/With their father assisting them，the twins made it，and their faces also lit up with a smile. (1)assist sb to do/in doing sth　　帮助某人做某事 assist sb with/in sth 在某方面帮助某人 (2)come/go to one's assistance 来/去援助某人 with the assistance of... 在……的帮助下 7　harm n. & vt.伤害；损害(☞harmful adj.有害的☞harmless adj.无害的) [练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful (harm) microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns.(2025·全国一卷) ②We should abandon those bad habits that are harmful to our environment, such as littering and wasting energy.(应用文之倡议书) ③我用手捂住电话，低声告诉她我没有恶意。(读后续写之动作和语言描写) I cupped my hand over the phone, whispering to her that I meant no harm． ④熬夜学习对你的健康有害，而且会因为精力不足而影响你第二天的学习。(应用文之建议信) Staying up late to study does harm to/is harmful to your health and it will affect your study the following day for lack of energy. (1)be harmful to 对……有害 (2)do harm to 对……有害 do more harm than good 弊大于利 mean no harm 没有恶意 there is no harm in (sb's) doing sth (某人)做某事并无害处 it does no harm (for sb) to do sth (某人)做某事并无害处 8　句型公式：“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级 教材原句：To a person nothing is more precious than their life... 对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了…… [练透]——完成句子 ①对我们来说，没有什么比向处在困境中的人传递善意更重要的了。(读后续写之升华句) To us，nothing is more important than passing on kindness to those in trouble. ②和老人说话时，再礼貌也不为过。 When talking with the elderly, you can't be too polite/polite enough． ③“我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐了！”妈妈激动地回答道。 “I have never had a more delicious breakfast than this one！” the mother responded excitedly. (1)“否定词＋比较级”结构中常用的否定词有no、not、never、nothing、nobody等。 (2)含否定词，表最高级意义的其他表达： ①否定词＋so/as＋形容词/副词原级＋as ②否定词＋形容词/副词比较级＋than ③have/had never/not＋v.-ed＋such＋形容词原级＋名词 ④can't be＋too＋形容词原级 9　句型公式：无灵主语句 教材原句：The new People's Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role. 中华人民共和国成立后，林巧稚医生发挥了重要的作用。 [练透]——完成句子 ①令我惊讶的是，冈特毫不犹豫地写下他的电话号码并给了我。“只要您遵守承诺，先生。”一股感激之情涌上我的心头。(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) To my surprise, Gunter wrote down his phone number without hesitation and gave it to me.“Just keep your promise, Sir.” A feeling of gratitude washed over me． ②2025年见证了人工智能技术在多个行业的快速发展。 The year 2025 witnessed the rapid development of AI technology in many industries. ③不幸的是，随着经济的发展，近年来海洋受到了严重污染。 Unfortunately, as economy advances, recent years have seen the oceans being polluted seriously． (1)英语中的无灵主语是指用非生命的物体、概念、地点或时间等作为句子的主语，而谓语动词则常常是描述人的行为或感受的词语。 (2)主语非人： 主语通常是抽象名词(如idea、 thought、 news)、具体事物(如 the phone、 the book)或时间地点(如 2024、 the room)。 (3)谓语拟人： 谓语动词却常是“看见”“告诉”“带来”“见证”等本应属于人的行为。 10　句型公式：独立主格结构 教材原句：After a while，a group of women came along，each balancing a pot of water on her head. 过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，每个人头上都顶着一罐水。 [练透]——完成句子 ①老师走进教室，脸上洋溢着愉快的笑容。(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) My teacher entered the classroom, an infectious smile spreading on his face． ②周围的人开始窃窃私语，他们的目光中满是钦佩之情。 The people around started whispering, their eyes filled with admiration． ③有许多事情要解决， 经理觉得自己就像热锅上的蚂蚁。 The manager felt as if he were an ant on a hot pan, many things to settle. ④随后，女孩将画板放在腿上，开始作画，母亲在一旁满怀骄傲地看着她，眼中满是赞许的光芒。(2026·辽宁省重点中学模拟) Then the girl placed her drawing board on her lap and began to draw, her mother watching with pride, her eyes shining with approval． (1)用法：独立主格结构在句中作状语，可置于句首、句中或句尾，用逗号与主句隔开，表时间、条件、原因、伴随、目的或结果等。 (2)形式： 名词/代词＋doing (主动/进行) 名词/代词＋done (被动/完成) 名词/代词＋to do (未发生) 名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语 微点练通 微点点拨 1.(2025·全国一卷) I do believe that this column will be more engaging for the majority (major) of our classmates. 2．The annual charity event was held in memory/honour of (为了纪念) Dr Emily Carter, a beloved physician who dedicated her life to helping those in need of medical care (需要医疗护理的). 3．In time of difficulty, what we need is not complaint (complain) to each other but understanding of each other. 4．(2023·全国乙卷)Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive (receive) a medical degree. 5．Although David ran a great/good deal slower than the other kids (比其他孩子跑得慢得多), he made it to the finish line with a determined smile brimming on his face. 6．①David raised his head and stared at me, his eyes filled with tears (他的眼中满是泪水). ②I couldn't hold/fight back my tears (我忍不住流下了眼泪)when the judges thought highly of my beautiful voice. ③Hearing their plan，Bernard jumped for joy, tears of happiness and gratitude welling up in his eyes (幸福和感激的泪水涌上双眼). 1.①a/the majority of...大多数…… ②be in the majority/minority 占多/少数 ③major in主修……；以……为专业 2．①in memory of　作为对……的纪念 ②in honour of...为了向……表示敬意，为纪念…… ③in need of　　　　需要 ④in charge of　　负责，管理 3．make a complaint about sth 抱怨/投诉某事 4．the＋序数词＋名词＋to do sth 5．①a great/good deal用作副词短语时，可修饰形容词、副词比较级来加强程度，也可以作状语修饰动词。 ②a great/good deal of “许多的；大量的”，只能修饰不可数名词。 6．关于哭的描写： ①in tears　流着泪；含着泪 ②burst into tears 突然哭起来 ③hold back tears　强忍住泪水 ④be filled with tears　泪流满面 ⑤tears blur/mist one's eyes泪眼模糊 Ⅰ.单句语法填空——巩固语言知识 1．(2023·北京卷) I had put so much time and emotional energy into applying, and I thought the rejection (reject) meant the end of the road for my science career. 2．(2024·浙江卷1月) The chief complaint (complain) about online courses is that they lack human interaction. 3．(译林必修一) What's more, they should keep regular hours and get plenty of exercise to stay energetic (energy) and fit. 4．(2026·贵阳市七校联考)Maggie, with her big, scared (scare) eyes, expressed her gratitude to them in a barely audible voice. 5．(2025·山东押题卷)To my surprise, within hours, I received lots of responses (respond) from Weifang kite masters offering detailed advice. 6．The students seemed to be expecting another boring and dull lesson，some dropping their eyes and some whispering (whisper) in the back rows. 7．As Beijing is the first city to host (host) both the Summer and Winter Games，the 2022 Olympic Torch features a similar design to the 2008 Olympic Torch. Ⅱ.熟词生义/一词多义——清除阅读障碍 1．猜测下列句子中加黑词的含义 ①When you put them down between bites，always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. (咬下的)一口 ②When we tear one page from the calendar，it means our life has been shortened by one day. 撕掉 ③The old man sat by the pond, feeding the fish bread and watching as they lapped at surface. 拍打 ④The dog was chained to the leg of one solid garden seat. 用锁链拴住 ⑤I think the moral of the story is to let people mind their own behaviors. 寓意 2．选出sharp的含义 ①He exposed his sharp teeth, glaring at us as he ran forward. __B__ ②After running for an hour, she felt a sharp pain in her side, which forced her to stop and rest for a while. __D__ ③Challenging work might help your brain stay sharp as you age. __C__ ④She planned to unlock the shop at 8：00 sharp this morning. __F__ ⑤This leads to the sharp decrease of the animals' population. __A__ ⑥The road ahead has a sharp turn, so drivers need to slow down and be cautious to avoid accidents. __E__ A.adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的 B.adj.锋利的 C.adj.敏锐的 D.adj.剧烈的 E.adj.急转的(生义) F.adv.整点地(生义) 3.选出operation的含义 ①In 1971, China's first subway line in Beijing was formally put into operation. __C__ ②Following the earthquake, a large-scale rescue operation was launched. __D__ ③I have been working in a huge multinational operation ever since graduation. __E__ ④With the help of sunshine, fresh air, and enough rest, the old man will quickly recover from the operation. __A__ ⑤Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient across the board. __B__ A.n.手术 B.n.操作 C.n.运转；运行(生义) D.n.(有组织的)活动；行动(生义) E.n.公司；企业 4.选出faint的含义 ①We heard a faint cry for help from the distance, so we immediately called the police. __B__ ②There is still a faint hope that she may be cured. __C__ ③The sudden faint scared her family, so they took her to the hospital for a full check-up. __D__ ④When she heard the bad news about her father, she felt her legs go weak and fainted on the spot. __A__ A.vi. 昏倒；晕厥 B.adj.微弱的 C.adj.可能性不大的(生义) D.n.昏倒；晕厥 Ⅲ.构词法精练——快速增加词汇 名词后缀-ty 名词后缀-ty 主要用于构成表示性质、状态或程度的抽象名词。 规则 典例 直接加-ty safe (安全的)→safety (安全) cruel (残酷的)→cruelty (残酷) certain (确定的)→certainty (确定性) entire (全部的)→entirety (整体) penal (刑罚的)→penalty (惩罚) royal (皇家的)→royalty (王室；版税) 1.My uncle's specialty (special) is telling fascinating historical stories. 2．A dog's loyalty (loyal) to its owner is often unconditional and profound. 3．He answered the question with complete certainty (certain), without any hesitation. 短文投稿——值得尊敬和爱戴的人 你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括： 1．人物简介；2.尊敬和爱戴的原因。 根据提示，利用本单元所学知识完成作文 The Person I Respect Most When it comes to the person I respect most, ①the first one to come into my mind is my English teacher (我首先想到的是我的英语老师) Miss Wang.Firstly, she is a warm-hearted and dedicated teacher, ②who tends and instructs us as if we were her children (把我们当作她的孩子一样照顾和教导).Additionally, she has a flexible teaching method.When I encounter problems in English learning, she listens to me patiently and explains them carefully, helping me overcome the difficulties.Furthermore, as teenage students, ③we are sometimes put into situations where we get lost and fall in despair (我们有时候会陷入迷茫和绝望的境地).Whenever we are in trouble, it is always she ④who carries us through the tough period (带我们度过艰难的时期).Therefore, she has won great respect from all us students and in our mind, ⑤no one is more beautiful than her (她是最美的). 积累常诵——情感描写之“不安”和“绝望” 词块积累 金句背诵 ①look in despair绝望地看着 ②watch helplessly无助地/眼睁睁地看着 ③give sb a look of desperation绝望地看了某人一眼 ④a look of desperation绝望的眼神 ⑤decline one's head in despair 垂头丧气 ⑥hear the despair in one's voice听出某人声音中的绝望 ⑦sigh with despair绝望地叹气 ⑧erupt into desperate sobs绝望地啜泣 ⑨with one's heart in one's mouth 提心吊胆地 ⑩a sense/feeling of hopelessness/helplessness绝望/无力感 ⑪with growing uneasiness 越来越不安 ⑫abandon oneself to despair/fall into despair陷入绝望 ⑬throw sb into desperation使某人陷入绝望 1.When the doctor shook his head gently, the patient's family exchanged a look of desperation, knowing the situation was bad. 当医生轻轻摇头时，病人家属交换了一个绝望的神情，明白情况已经很糟。 2.Fog began creeping into the forest.Everything around them was swallowed by the darkness，which undoubtedly left them even more desperate. 树林开始起雾了，他们周围的一切都被黑暗吞噬，这无疑使他们更加绝望。(用环境描写烘托人物的绝望) 3．Gazing at the darkness around him，Tod was seized by a feeling of despair. 托德看着四周的黑暗，他深感绝望。 4．Seeing her child ran toward the busy street, she rushed over with her heart in her mouth, yelling for him to stop. 看到孩子朝繁忙的马路跑去，她心提到嗓子眼儿冲过去，大喊着让孩子停下。 5．She was so nervous that she felt her throat tight and her mouth dry，wondering what to do next. 她紧张得喉咙发紧，嘴里发干，揣摩着下一步怎么办。 用表“不安”和“绝望”的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵 微场景25 主题“遇险求生”——求助无果时的“不安”和“绝望” We had no phone signal, and the highway was 900 feet above us.All we could do was yell for help, and a seemingly great distance seemed to separate us from potential rescuers.Our voices echoed through the valley, the despair ①mounting (mount) in every shout that escaped our lips.As the minutes turned into hours, ②fear and desperation overwhelmed us (我们既害怕又绝望，无灵主语句) and we couldn't help but wonder if anyone would ever hear us.Worse still, fog began creeping into the valley.Everything was swallowed by darkness, ③leaving us even more helpless (使我们更加无助，分词短语作状语). 微场景26 主题“校园生活”——考试前的“不安”和“绝望” With the clock ticking, he was briefly glancing through the pages of his textbook, ④desperately trying to absorb any last-minute knowledge (绝望地试图吸收最后关头的知识，副词) before the quiz began.However, just as he was doing so, the teacher severely instructed everyone to pack away everything except their pencil cases.Raj let out a low sigh, ⑤despair settling heavily in his heart (他心里满是绝望，独立主格，名词).As the teacher handed out the papers, he felt nervous and his hands grew icy and sweaty, showing his anxiety. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $