高考词汇变形记5、名词后缀–ness,-ity,-th 专练-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

**基本信息** 聚焦名词后缀-ness/-ity/-th的系统规则梳理，通过分类变化细则、词例荟萃及梯度训练，构建从规则理解到应用迁移的完整体系，提升语言能力与学习能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |后缀规则讲解|多词例分类呈现|按后缀类型细分变化规则（如-ness分直接加/改y加等）|从后缀含义→变化规则→词例应用，逻辑递进| |跟踪训练|10题语法填空|针对核心后缀设题，强化规则直接应用|规则理解到单句语境应用的过渡| |基础训练|35题（辨析/语法填空）|结合名词辨析与词形转换，深化规则迁移|从单一规则到综合语境的能力提升|

高考词汇变形记-----------------------------后缀篇 5、名词后缀-ness,-ity,-th 思维导图： 一、名词性后缀–ness 1.适用对象：绝大多数加在形容词之后，极少数加在动词之后。 2.内在含义：表示状态或特征。 3.变化细则及词例荟萃： （1） 直接加-ness(以-t,-d,-e,-h,-k,-s结尾的形容词居多) 根词 派生名词 中文含义 根词 派生名词 中文含义 kind kindness 善良；好意 sick sickness 疾病；恶心 blind blindness 失明 thick thickness 厚度 good goodness 善良，美德 dark darkness 黑暗；暗处 bad badness 恶劣 black blackness 黑暗 sad sadness 悲哀；悲伤 weak weakness 弱点；虚弱 mad madness 疯狂，糊涂 eager eagerness 渴望 cold coldness 寒冷；冷漠 bitter bitterness 苦 hard hardness 硬度 fair fairness 公平性 tired tiredness 疲劳感 new newness 新鲜感 fit fitness 健康 slow slowness 缓慢 fat fatness 肥胖 narrow narrowness 狭窄 bright brightness 明亮；聪颖 fresh freshness 新鲜度 quiet quietness 宁静 selfish selfishness 自私 sweet sweetness 甜美 foolish foolishness 愚蠢 soft softness 柔软度 rough roughness 粗糙 late lateness 迟，晚 tough toughness 坚强 aware awareness 意识 rich richness 丰富性 unique uniqueness 独特性 grateful gratefulness 感激 close closeness 亲密度 thoughtful thoughtfulness 周到 polite politeness 礼貌 faithful faithfulness 恪守 attractive attractiveness 魅力 careful carefulness 细心 effective effectiveness 有效性 careless carelessness 粗心 competitive competitiveness 竞争力 hopeless hopelessness 无望 forgive forgiveness 原谅，宽恕 helpless helplessness 无助 well wellness 健康 sleepless sleeplessness 失眠 ill illness 疾病 weightless weightlessness 失重 still stillness 静止 nervous nervousness 紧张 calm calmness 镇静 serious seriousness 严重 open openness 坦率，开放 conscious consciousness 意识 stubborn stubbornness 固执 deaf deafness 失聪 (2) 以元音字母+y结尾的形容词，也直接加-ness 形容词 派生名词 中文含义 形容词 派生名词 中文含义 gay gayness 同性恋 grey greyness 灰色 gray grayness 灰色 (3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，改y为i再加-ness 形容词 派生名词 中文含义 形容词 派生名词 中文含义 happy happiness 高兴；幸福 busy business 事务；生意 pretty prettiness 美好 ugly ugliness 丑陋 empty emptiness 空虚，空旷 lonely loneliness 孤独 dizzy dizziness 眩晕 friendly friendliness 友好 lazy laziness 懒惰 ready readiness 就绪，乐意 crazy craziness 痴迷，疯狂 steady steadiness 稳定 (4) 如果字母y为单词的主体元音，即使它以辅音字母+y结尾，也直接加-ness 形容词 派生名词 中文含义 形容词 派生名词 中文含义 shy shyness 腼腆，羞怯 dry dryness 干燥 二、名词性后缀–ity 1. 适用对象：加在形容词之后。 2. 内在含义：表示状态或特征。 3.变化细则及词例荟萃 (1)直接加-ity（以-l, -r, -c结尾的形容词居多） 形容词 派生名词 中文含义 形容词 派生名词 中文含义 real reality 真实，现实 equal equality 平等 personal personality 个性;人格 punctual punctuality 守时 national nationality 国籍 mental mentality 心态 vital vitality 活力 individual individuality 个性 popular popularity 流行 similar similarity 相似性 particular particularity 特殊性 familiar familiarity 熟悉，亲近 major majority 大多数 minor minority 少数 electric electricity 电，电学 public publicity 宣传报道 authenticity authenticity 真实性 (2)以-able或-ible结尾的形容词，应在b后面先加i，再去e加-ity 形容词 派生名词 中文含义 形容词 派生名词 中文含义 able ability 能力 suitable suitability 适合度 changeable changeability 可变性 reliable reliability 可信度 stable stability 稳定性 probable probability 可能性 possible possibility 可能性 responsible responsibility 责任 impossible impossibility 不可能 flexible flexibility 灵活性 (3)其它以-e结尾的形容词，只需去e加-ity 形容词 派生名词 中文含义 形容词 派生名词 中文含义 active activity 活动 secure security 安全；保障 diverse diversity 多样性 simple simplicity 简单 形容词 派生名词 中文含义 形容词 派生名词 中文含义 curious curiosity 好奇心 generous generosity 慷慨 (5) 特殊变化 形容词 派生名词 中文含义 形容词 派生名词 中文含义 necessary necessity 必要性 unable inability 无能；不能 三、名词性后缀–th 1. 适用对象：加在动词或形容词之后。 2. 内在含义：表示过程或状况。 3. 变化细则及词例荟萃:以th结尾的名词数量不多，但构词方式较为复杂，直接加的较少，有变化的居多。 形容词 派生名词 中文含义 根词 派生名词 中文含义 warm warmth 暖和；温暖 grow growth 增长；生长 true truth 真相；真理 heal health 健康 wide width 宽度 die death 死亡 young youth 青春；青年 deep depth 深度；深处 右边三词变化方式完全同步，值得关注： （1）在形容词基础上变o为e （2）在词尾加-th long length 长度 strong strength 力气；强项 broad breadth 宽度 跟踪训练 单句语法填空 1.To tell you the __________(true), I tried to do it myself, but it didn't work. 2.Scientists have made many important discoveries simply out of ________(curious). 3.Basketball requires speed, _________(strong), balance, stamina, agility, ____________(flexible);and coordination. 4.We're all mortals , with our human faults and ____________(weak). 5.The UK's social structure boasts an impressive _____________(diverse) of cultural traditions. 6.There is a growing ___________(aware) of the environmental challenges we face. 7.We have only been back 10 days and working on our _________(fit) and sharpness. 8.His music has grown in ____________(popular) over the past decade. 9.I'm surrounded by friends, yet ____________(lonely) still haunts me deep inside. 10.This is a new subject and needs to be explored in ___________(deep). 基础训练 一、名词辨析题 1.Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional___________. A.consequence B.independence C.competence D.intelligence 2.Anyway,I can’t cheat him----it’s against my___________. A.emotions B.principles C.regulations D.options 3.”Tommy,run! Be quick! The house is on fire!”the mother shouted,with________ clearly in her voice. A.anger B.rudeness C.regret D.panic 4.Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a bit ___________,but now I know it was the best decision I ever made. A.project B.commitment C.competition D.ambition 5.There is a ___________in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday,they bring in a cake for us all to share. A.tradition B.balance C.concern D.relationship 6.The _________ of the problem made it difficult to solve. A. competition B. complexity C. composition D. comparison 7. Her ________ about the exam results made her unable to sleep. A. kindness B. anxiety C. curiosity D. society 8. The ______ of the water in the lake surprised the scientists. A.popularity B. purity C. generosity D. humanity 9. When the story is destroyed,the feeling of __________disappears as well. A. kindness B. nervousness C. historicity D. loneliness 10. Her _________ in speaking English improved significantly. A. tendency B.laziness C. fluency D. purity 11. The ________ of the situation required immediate action. A. urgency B. frequency C. convention D. variety 12. The light went out,and the room was plunged into ___________. A. darkness B. poverty C.laziness D. happiness 13. His ________ about the plan made everyone trust him. A. confidence B. independence C. difference D.convenience 14. They should know how to deal with setbacks,stresses and feelings of _________ . A. consequence B. inadequacy C. convention D.conservation 15. The ______ of her voice calmed the children down. A.length B. curiosity C. softness D. population 二、单句语法填空题 1.Other factors that might make it more challenging for people to make friends include having social _____________(anxious) disorder,preferring to stay alone,or not knowing where to look for new friends. 2.The river forms the __________(divide) between the old and new parts of the city. 3.And the biggest whale shark can grow to a __________(long) of twenty meters. 4.Her _____________(appoint) as general manager of the company was announced at the meeting. 5.A ___________(distinct) should be made between the primary and secondary tasks. 6.Boys who worked in the home or community gained ____________(competent) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society. 7.The young doctor’s ____________ (persist) eventually led to the discovery of the cure. 8.The child’s ____________ (grow) was stunted due to malnutrition. 9.My little sister train hard day and night and her _____________ (strong) increased after months of training. 10.As we all know,the _____________ (deep) of the ocean remains largely unexplored. 11.The __________ (true) of his statement was later verified. 12.Her ___________ (sad) was evident from her tears. 13.The __________ (dark) of the cave made it impossible to see. 14.The ____________ (weak) in the bridge’s structure required immediate repair. 15.The ____________ (flexible) of the new schedule allowed for better work-life balance. 16.The ________________ (responsible) of the manager was to ensure team safety. 17.The ______________ (creative) of the students impressed the judges. 18.The ____________ (major) of the students supported the proposal. 19.The _____________ (generous) of the donor funded the scholarship. 20.The ______________ (curious) of the child led to many discoveries. 三、短语填空 account for; have a command of; pass away; in favor of; turn down; think highly of; get rid of; in detail; it strike sb that; keep one’s word; 1.When asked their opinions about the schoolmaster,many teachers would prefer to see him step aside __________________________young men. 2.His laziness can_____________________his failure. 3.He ____________________and came to help us on time. 4.We’d better discuss everything __________________________before we work out the plan. 5.The poor old man_________________last night because of hunger and coldness. 6.She __________________the invitation to the boy’s birthday party because she was too busy. 7.We should also ___________________bad habits like laziness and dishonesty. 8.After the 31st Olympic Games,people all over the country _________________________the spirit of the Women’s Volleyball Team. 9.We insisted that every college student _____________________a foreign language. 10._____________________I had forgotten to lock the door. 能力提升 一、七选五 Malta: Travel Guided by Locals With huge amounts of information at our fingertips in the social media-fueled Internet age, we are in theory better equipped to travel more and better. But for this Malta trip, we decided to do something different. ____1____ We’d build the trip by talking to random locals. No guidebook allowed. No smartphone either — unless we were completely lost. Approaching locals for travel tips can be awkward. So I came up with a trick: a deck of cards with common holiday questions. ____2____ Locals would draw a card and give a tip based on it. We’d follow the tip, then ask them to recommend another local to help us. How did it go? ____3____ Philip,wonderful and friendly, introduced us to almost the whole island. When asked about his “favourite lunch spot”, he drew the card and recommended Claire, who runs Mojo restaurant in Victoria. For the “favourite cafe” card, Claire suggested Gleneagles in Mgarr Harbour. It’s run by approachable Tony-a goldmine for tips and stories. ____4____ Tony, a silver-haired man with a rough voice, was one such local. He told stories of his coffee shop’s 40 years, full of emotions and old regulars. His words made those times almost tangible, making him a living connection to Gozo’s past. My message is simple. If you visit Malta, leave your guidebook and phone in your room. Go to a cafe, order a local drink, chat randomly with a local. ____5____ It grows meaningful and exciting when we connect with locals. We learn their stories, and maybe gain a new perspective. A. Our experiment started in Gozo with a local restaurant owner. B. Malta has been known for its coastal scenery and ancient ruins. C. At its core, travel revolves around genuine human connections. D. There’s no time machine, but some locals connect you to the past. E. As a natural icebreaker, these cards served to reduce the awkwardness. F. We visited many famous attractions recommended by travelers in Gozo. G. Instead of overplanning with blogs, Instagram or guidebooks, we chose chance. 二、完形填空 I majored in Mechanical Engineering in college and what I experienced during the job-hunting season in my final year changed my life completely. At that time, I only had one ____1____: to join an automaker giant in my country. I ____2____ other opportunities and poured all my energy into this company. I cleared the written test and felt ____3____ about my interview performance, but the results hit me hard — I was ____4____. For days, I couldn’t pull myself together, and I ____5____ the interviewers, my luck, everyone else but myself. Everything ____6____ when I attended a seminar on the locus of control (控制源) — the idea that you are ____7____ for whatever happens to you, whether good or bad. This ____8____ me deeply and pushed me to look inward. I realized I had always shifted responsibility outward — My parents’ fault, my school’s issue — never mine. When I reviewed my interview honestly, I saw the ____9____: I had knowledge gaps and communication weaknesses. So I ____10____ them. In the next interview, with better ____11____ and real self-awareness, I performed far better and ____12____a position in a company even better than the one I had originally dreamed of. They say failure is a harsh (苛刻的) but far more ____13____ teacher than success. That season, I graduated not just as an engineer, but as a student of life, learning that when you ____14____ blaming the world and start owning your failures, you ____15____ the power to build a better version of yourself. 1. A. option B. appointment C. assignment D. dream 2. A. dismissed B. compared C. seized D. lacked 3. A. anxious B. concerned C. confident D. curious 4. A. ignored B. rejected C. evaluated D. promoted 5. A. blamed B. forgave C. analyzed D. challenged 6. A. happened B. worked C. changed D. failed 7. A. ready B. grateful C. responsible D. qualified 8. A. terrified B. moved C. confused D. struck 9. A. truth B. hope C. consequence D. excuse 10. A. looked for B. worked on C. hid from D. lived with 11. A. payment B. preparation C. reason D. relation 12. A. regained B. discovered C. occupied D. secured 13. A. powerful B. patient C. creative D. devoted 14. A. delay B. regret C. stop D. mind 15. A. prove B. reclaim C. need D. understand 第 1 页 共 2 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $高考词汇变形记-----------------------------后缀篇 5、名词后缀-ness,-ity,-th 思维导图： 一、名词性后缀–ness 1.适用对象：绝大多数加在形容词之后，极少数加在动词之后。 2.内在含义：表示状态或特征。 3.变化细则及词例荟萃： （1） 直接加-ness(以-t,-d,-e,-h,-k,-s结尾的形容词居多) 根词 派生名词 中文含义 根词 派生名词 中文含义 kind kindness 善良；好意 sick sickness 疾病；恶心 blind blindness 失明 thick thickness 厚度 good goodness 善良，美德 dark darkness 黑暗；暗处 bad badness 恶劣 black blackness 黑暗 sad sadness 悲哀；悲伤 weak weakness 弱点；虚弱 mad madness 疯狂，糊涂 eager eagerness 渴望 cold coldness 寒冷；冷漠 bitter bitterness 苦 hard hardness 硬度 fair fairness 公平性 tired tiredness 疲劳感 new newness 新鲜感 fit fitness 健康 slow slowness 缓慢 fat fatness 肥胖 narrow narrowness 狭窄 bright brightness 明亮；聪颖 fresh freshness 新鲜度 quiet quietness 宁静 selfish selfishness 自私 sweet sweetness 甜美 foolish foolishness 愚蠢 soft softness 柔软度 rough roughness 粗糙 late lateness 迟，晚 tough toughness 坚强 aware awareness 意识 rich richness 丰富性 unique uniqueness 独特性 grateful gratefulness 感激 close closeness 亲密度 thoughtful thoughtfulness 周到 polite politeness 礼貌 faithful faithfulness 恪守 attractive attractiveness 魅力 careful carefulness 细心 effective effectiveness 有效性 careless carelessness 粗心 competitive competitiveness 竞争力 hopeless hopelessness 无望 forgive forgiveness 原谅，宽恕 helpless helplessness 无助 well wellness 健康 sleepless sleeplessness 失眠 ill illness 疾病 weightless weightlessness 失重 still stillness 静止 nervous nervousness 紧张 calm calmness 镇静 serious seriousness 严重 open openness 坦率，开放 conscious consciousness 意识 stubborn stubbornness 固执 deaf deafness 失聪 (2) 以元音字母+y结尾的形容词，也直接加-ness 形容词 派生名词 中文含义 形容词 派生名词 中文含义 gay gayness 同性恋 grey greyness 灰色 gray grayness 灰色 (3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，改y为i再加-ness 形容词 派生名词 中文含义 形容词 派生名词 中文含义 happy happiness 高兴；幸福 busy business 事务；生意 pretty prettiness 美好 ugly ugliness 丑陋 empty emptiness 空虚，空旷 lonely loneliness 孤独 dizzy dizziness 眩晕 friendly friendliness 友好 lazy laziness 懒惰 ready readiness 就绪，乐意 crazy craziness 痴迷，疯狂 steady steadiness 稳定 (4) 如果字母y为单词的主体元音，即使它以辅音字母+y结尾，也直接加-ness 形容词 派生名词 中文含义 形容词 派生名词 中文含义 shy shyness 腼腆，羞怯 dry dryness 干燥 二、名词性后缀–ity 1. 适用对象：加在形容词之后。 2. 内在含义：表示状态或特征。 3.变化细则及词例荟萃 (1)直接加-ity（以-l, -r, -c结尾的形容词居多） 形容词 派生名词 中文含义 形容词 派生名词 中文含义 real reality 真实，现实 equal equality 平等 personal personality 个性;人格 punctual punctuality 守时 national nationality 国籍 mental mentality 心态 vital vitality 活力 individual individuality 个性 popular popularity 流行 similar similarity 相似性 particular particularity 特殊性 familiar familiarity 熟悉，亲近 major majority 大多数 minor minority 少数 electric electricity 电，电学 public publicity 宣传报道 authenticity authenticity 真实性 (2)以-able或-ible结尾的形容词，应在b后面先加i，再去e加-ity 形容词 派生名词 中文含义 形容词 派生名词 中文含义 able ability 能力 suitable suitability 适合度 changeable changeability 可变性 reliable reliability 可信度 stable stability 稳定性 probable probability 可能性 possible possibility 可能性 responsible responsibility 责任 impossible impossibility 不可能 flexible flexibility 灵活性 (3)其它以-e结尾的形容词，只需去e加-ity 形容词 派生名词 中文含义 形容词 派生名词 中文含义 active activity 活动 secure security 安全；保障 diverse diversity 多样性 simple simplicity 简单 形容词 派生名词 中文含义 形容词 派生名词 中文含义 curious curiosity 好奇心 generous generosity 慷慨 (5) 特殊变化 形容词 派生名词 中文含义 形容词 派生名词 中文含义 necessary necessity 必要性 unable inability 无能；不能 三、名词性后缀–th 1. 适用对象：加在动词或形容词之后。 2. 内在含义：表示过程或状况。 3. 变化细则及词例荟萃:以th结尾的名词数量不多，但构词方式较为复杂，直接加的较少，有变化的居多。 形容词 派生名词 中文含义 根词 派生名词 中文含义 warm warmth 暖和；温暖 grow growth 增长；生长 true truth 真相；真理 heal health 健康 wide width 宽度 die death 死亡 young youth 青春；青年 deep depth 深度；深处 右边三词变化方式完全同步，值得关注： （1）在形容词基础上变o为e （2）在词尾加-th long length 长度 strong strength 力气；强项 broad breadth 宽度 跟踪训练 单句语法填空 1.To tell you the __________(true), I tried to do it myself, but it didn't work. 2.Scientists have made many important discoveries simply out of ________(curious). 3.Basketball requires speed, _________(strong), balance, stamina, agility, ____________(flexible);and coordination. 4.We're all mortals , with our human faults and ____________(weak). 5.The UK's social structure boasts an impressive _____________(diverse) of cultural traditions. 6.There is a growing ___________(aware) of the environmental challenges we face. 7.We have only been back 10 days and working on our _________(fit) and sharpness. 8.His music has grown in ____________(popular) over the past decade. 9.I'm surrounded by friends, yet ____________(lonely) still haunts me deep inside. 10.This is a new subject and needs to be explored in ___________(deep). 1.truth 2.curiosity 3.strength; flexibility 4.weaknesses 5.diversity 6.awareness 7.fitness 8.popularity 9.loneliness 10.depth 基础训练 一、名词辨析题 1.Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional___________. A.consequence B.independence C.competence D.intelligence 2.Anyway,I can’t cheat him----it’s against my___________. A.emotions B.principles C.regulations D.options 3.”Tommy,run! Be quick! The house is on fire!”the mother shouted,with________ clearly in her voice. A.anger B.rudeness C.regret D.panic 4.Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a bit ___________,but now I know it was the best decision I ever made. A.project B.commitment C.competition D.ambition 5.There is a ___________in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday,they bring in a cake for us all to share. A.tradition B.balance C.concern D.relationship 6.The _________ of the problem made it difficult to solve. A. competition B. complexity C. composition D. comparison 7. Her ________ about the exam results made her unable to sleep. A. kindness B. anxiety C. curiosity D. society 8. The ______ of the water in the lake surprised the scientists. A.popularity B. purity C. generosity D. humanity 9. When the story is destroyed,the feeling of __________disappears as well. A. kindness B. nervousness C. historicity D. loneliness 10. Her _________ in speaking English improved significantly. A. tendency B.laziness C. fluency D. purity 11. The ________ of the situation required immediate action. A. urgency B. frequency C. convention D. variety 12. The light went out,and the room was plunged into ___________. A. darkness B. poverty C.laziness D. happiness 13. His ________ about the plan made everyone trust him. A. confidence B. independence C. difference D.convenience 14. They should know how to deal with setbacks,stresses and feelings of _________ . A. consequence B. inadequacy C. convention D.conservation 15. The ______ of her voice calmed the children down. A.length B. curiosity C. softness D. population 1.C 2.B 3.D 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.C 10.C 11.A 12.A 13.A 14.B 15.C 二、单句语法填空题 1.Other factors that might make it more challenging for people to make friends include having social _____________(anxious) disorder,preferring to stay alone,or not knowing where to look for new friends. 2.The river forms the __________(divide) between the old and new parts of the city. 3.And the biggest whale shark can grow to a __________(long) of twenty meters. 4.Her _____________(appoint) as general manager of the company was announced at the meeting. 5.A ___________(distinct) should be made between the primary and secondary tasks. 6.Boys who worked in the home or community gained ____________(competent) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society. 7.The young doctor’s ____________ (persist) eventually led to the discovery of the cure. 8.The child’s ____________ (grow) was stunted due to malnutrition. 9.My little sister train hard day and night and her _____________ (strong) increased after months of training. 10.As we all know,the _____________ (deep) of the ocean remains largely unexplored. 11.The __________ (true) of his statement was later verified. 12.Her ___________ (sad) was evident from her tears. 13.The __________ (dark) of the cave made it impossible to see. 14.The ____________ (weak) in the bridge’s structure required immediate repair. 15.The ____________ (flexible) of the new schedule allowed for better work-life balance. 16.The ________________ (responsible) of the manager was to ensure team safety. 17.The ______________ (creative) of the students impressed the judges. 18.The ____________ (major) of the students supported the proposal. 19.The _____________ (generous) of the donor funded the scholarship. 20.The ______________ (curious) of the child led to many discoveries. 1.anxiety 2.division 3.length 4.appointment 5.distinction 6.competence 7.persistence 8.growth 9.strength 10.depth 11.truth 12.sadness 13.darkness 14.weakness 15.flexibility 16.responsibility 17.creativity 18.majority 19.generosity 20.curiosity 三、短语填空 account for; have a command of; pass away; in favor of; turn down; think highly of; get rid of; in detail; it strike sb that; keep one’s word; 1.When asked their opinions about the schoolmaster,many teachers would prefer to see him step aside __________________________young men. 2.His laziness can_____________________his failure. 3.He ____________________and came to help us on time. 4.We’d better discuss everything __________________________before we work out the plan. 5.The poor old man_________________last night because of hunger and coldness. 6.She __________________the invitation to the boy’s birthday party because she was too busy. 7.We should also ___________________bad habits like laziness and dishonesty. 8.After the 31st Olympic Games,people all over the country _________________________the spirit of the Women’s Volleyball Team. 9.We insisted that every college student _____________________a foreign language. 10._____________________I had forgotten to lock the door. 1.in favor of 2.account for 3.kept his word 4.in detail 5.passed away 6.turned down 7.get rid of 8.thought highly of 9.have a command of 10.It stuck me that 能力提升 一、七选五 Malta: Travel Guided by Locals With huge amounts of information at our fingertips in the social media-fueled Internet age, we are in theory better equipped to travel more and better. But for this Malta trip, we decided to do something different. ____1____ We’d build the trip by talking to random locals. No guidebook allowed. No smartphone either — unless we were completely lost. Approaching locals for travel tips can be awkward. So I came up with a trick: a deck of cards with common holiday questions. ____2____ Locals would draw a card and give a tip based on it. We’d follow the tip, then ask them to recommend another local to help us. How did it go? ____3____ Philip,wonderful and friendly, introduced us to almost the whole island. When asked about his “favourite lunch spot”, he drew the card and recommended Claire, who runs Mojo restaurant in Victoria. For the “favourite cafe” card, Claire suggested Gleneagles in Mgarr Harbour. It’s run by approachable Tony-a goldmine for tips and stories. ____4____ Tony, a silver-haired man with a rough voice, was one such local. He told stories of his coffee shop’s 40 years, full of emotions and old regulars. His words made those times almost tangible, making him a living connection to Gozo’s past. My message is simple. If you visit Malta, leave your guidebook and phone in your room. Go to a cafe, order a local drink, chat randomly with a local. ____5____ It grows meaningful and exciting when we connect with locals. We learn their stories, and maybe gain a new perspective. A. Our experiment started in Gozo with a local restaurant owner. B. Malta has been known for its coastal scenery and ancient ruins. C. At its core, travel revolves around genuine human connections. D. There’s no time machine, but some locals connect you to the past. E. As a natural icebreaker, these cards served to reduce the awkwardness. F. We visited many famous attractions recommended by travelers in Gozo. G. Instead of overplanning with blogs, Instagram or guidebooks, we chose chance. 【答案】1. G 2. E 3. A 4. D 5. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在马耳他旅行时，摒弃攻略、手机和指南书，通过随机与当地人交流、接力获取建议的方式完成旅程，体会到旅行的核心是人与人之间真诚的联结。 1.根据上文“But for this Malta trip, we decided to do something different.(不过这次马耳他之行，我们决定做些不一样的事) 以及后文“No guidebook allowed. No smartphone either — unless we were completely lost.(禁止使用旅游指南，也不准用智能手机 —— 除非我们彻底迷路了。)”可知，空格处应说明不一样的方面有哪些。G选项“Instead of overplanning with blogs, Instagram or guidebooks, we chose chance.”(我们不靠博客、社交软件或旅行指南过度规划，而是选择随缘)承接上文，符合语境。故选G项。 2.根据上文“Approaching locals for travel tips can be awkward. So I came up with a trick: a deck of cards with common holiday questions.(主动向当地人请教旅行小贴士可能会很尴尬。于是我想到了一个小妙招：一副印有常见度假问题的卡片)”可知，空格处解释卡片的作用。E选项“As a natural icebreaker, these cards served to reduce the awkwardness.(这些卡片是天然的破冰方式，能缓解尴尬)”承接上文，符合语境。故选E项。 3.根据上文“How did it go?(进展如何？)以及后文“Philip, wonderful and friendly, introduced us to almost the whole island.(出色又友好的菲利普几乎带我们认识了整座岛)”可知，空格处引出旅程的开始。A选项“Our experiment started in Gozo with a local restaurant owner.(我们的尝试从戈佐岛的一位当地餐馆老板开始)”引出下文，符合语境。故选A项。 4.根据下文“Tony, a silver-haired man with a rough voice, was one such local. He told stories of his coffee shop’s 40 years, full of emotions and old regulars. His words made those times almost tangible, making him a living connection to Gozo’s past.(托尼，一位头发花白、嗓音沙哑的男子，就是这样一位当地人。他饱含深情地讲述着自己的咖啡馆历经40年的故事，满是昔日老主顾的回忆。他的话语让那些岁月仿佛触手可及，他本人也成了连接戈佐岛过往的鲜活纽带)”可知，当地人的故事能将人们带到过去。D选项“There’s no time machine, but some locals connect you to the past.(没有时光机，但一些当地人能带你连接过去)”引出下文，符合语境。故选D项。 5.根据下文“It grows meaningful and exciting when we connect with locals.(当我们和当地人交流时，旅行变得有意义又令人兴奋)”可知，空格处点明旅行的核心。C选项“At its core, travel revolves around genuine human connections.(旅行的核心，是围绕人与人之间真诚的联结展开)总结主题，符合语境。故选C项。 二、完形填空 I majored in Mechanical Engineering in college and what I experienced during the job-hunting season in my final year changed my life completely. At that time, I only had one ____1____: to join an automaker giant in my country. I ____2____ other opportunities and poured all my energy into this company. I cleared the written test and felt ____3____ about my interview performance, but the results hit me hard — I was ____4____. For days, I couldn’t pull myself together, and I ____5____ the interviewers, my luck, everyone else but myself. Everything ____6____ when I attended a seminar on the locus of control (控制源) — the idea that you are ____7____ for whatever happens to you, whether good or bad. This ____8____ me deeply and pushed me to look inward. I realized I had always shifted responsibility outward — My parents’ fault, my school’s issue — never mine. When I reviewed my interview honestly, I saw the ____9____: I had knowledge gaps and communication weaknesses. So I ____10____ them. In the next interview, with better ____11____ and real self-awareness, I performed far better and ____12____a position in a company even better than the one I had originally dreamed of. They say failure is a harsh (苛刻的) but far more ____13____ teacher than success. That season, I graduated not just as an engineer, but as a student of life, learning that when you ____14____ blaming the world and start owning your failures, you ____15____ the power to build a better version of yourself. 1. A. option B. appointment C. assignment D. dream 2. A. dismissed B. compared C. seized D. lacked 3. A. anxious B. concerned C. confident D. curious 4. A. ignored B. rejected C. evaluated D. promoted 5. A. blamed B. forgave C. analyzed D. challenged 6. A. happened B. worked C. changed D. failed 7. A. ready B. grateful C. responsible D. qualified 8. A. terrified B. moved C. confused D. struck 9. A. truth B. hope C. consequence D. excuse 10. A. looked for B. worked on C. hid from D. lived with 11. A. payment B. preparation C. reason D. relation 12. A. regained B. discovered C. occupied D. secured 13. A. powerful B. patient C. creative D. devoted 14. A. delay B. regret C. stop D. mind 15. A. prove B. reclaim C. need D. understand 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. B 11. B 12. D 13.A 14. C 15. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者大学求职时面试失败，后参加研讨会意识到要对自己负责，努力改进后在下一次面试中成功获得更好职位，明白了失败是更有力的老师，停止责怪世界、承担失败才能塑造更好的自己。 1.考查名词词义辨析。句意：那时，我只有一个梦想：加入我国一家汽车制造巨头公司。A. option选择；B. appointment约会；C. assignment任务；D. dream梦想。根据后文“I performed far better and ____ a position in a company even better than the one I had originally dreamed of.”可知，此处表示加入我国一家汽车制造巨头公司是作者的梦想。故选D。 2.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我放弃了其他机会，把所有的精力都投入到了这家公司。A. dismissed解散；B. compared比较；C. seized抓住；D. lacked缺乏。根据下文“poured all my energy into this company”可知，作者为了这个梦想放弃了其他机会。故选A。 3.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我通过了笔试，对自己的面试表现感到自信，但结果却让我很受打击——我被拒绝了。A. anxious焦虑的；B. concerned关心的；C. confident自信的；D. curious好奇的。根据上文“I cleared the written test”以及下文“but the results hit me hard”可知，作者通过了笔试，但是之后的结果打击作者，所以此处表示作者对面试表现感到很自信。故选C。 4.考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. ignored忽视；B. rejected拒绝；C. evaluated评估；D. promoted提升。根据上文“but the results hit me hard”可知，作者被结果打击，所以此处表示作者被拒绝了。故选B。 5.考查动词词义辨析。句意：好几天，我都无法振作起来，我责怪面试官、我的运气、其他人，就是不怪自己。A. blamed责怪；B. forgave原谅；C. analyzed分析；D. challenged挑战。根据下文“the interviewers, my luck, everyone else but myself”以及“learning that when you ____ blaming the world and start owning your failures, you ____ the power to build a better version of yourself.”可知，此处表示作者责怪其他人，之后了解到需要停止责备其他人、承认自己的失败。故选A。 6.考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我参加了一个关于控制源的研讨会时，一切都改变了——控制源的概念是，无论发生好事还是坏事，你都要对其负责。A. happened发生；B. worked工作；C. changed改变；D. failed失败。根据后文“This ____ me deeply and pushed me to look inward.”可知，作者的思想发生了改变。故选C。 7.考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. ready准备好的；B. grateful感激的；C. responsible负责的；D. qualified合格的。根据上文“I attended a seminar on the locus of control (控制源)”可知，控制源的概念是，无论发生好事还是坏事，你都要对其负责。故选C。 8.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这深深触动了我，促使我向内反思。A. terrified使害怕；B. moved感动；C. confused使困惑；D. struck打动、使顿悟。根据下文“pushed me to look inward”可知，作者内向反思，所以此处表示这深深触动了作者。故选D。 9.考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我诚实地回顾我的面试时，我看到了真相：我有知识空白和沟通弱点。A. truth真相；B. hope希望；C. consequence结果；D. excuse借口。根据上文“When I reviewed my interview honestly,”以及下文“I had knowledge gaps and communication weaknesses”可知，作者诚实地回顾自己的面试，看到了自己面试失败的真相。故选A。 10.考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以我努力改进它们。A. looked for寻找；B. worked on努力改进；C. hid from躲避；D. lived with忍受。根据上文“I had knowledge gaps and communication weaknesses”以及下文“In the next interview, with better ____ and real self-awareness, I performed far better and ____ a position in a company even better than the one I had originally dreamed of.”可知，作者改进自己的知识空白和沟通弱点，在下一次面试中表现得好。故选B。 11.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在下一次面试中，有了更好的准备和真正的自我意识，我表现得更好，并在一家甚至比我最初梦想的还要好的公司获得了一个职位。A. payment支付；B. preparation准备；C. reason原因；D. relation关系。根据上文“When I reviewed my interview honestly, I saw the ____: I had knowledge gaps and communication weaknesses.”可知，作者看到了自己面试失败的真相，所以此处表示作者有了更好的准备和自我意识，之后表现得好。故选B。 12.考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. regained重新获得；B. discovered发现；C. occupied占据；D. secured获得。根据下文“a position in a company even better than the one I had originally dreamed of.”以及语境可知，作者获得了一个职位。故选D。 13.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们说失败是一位苛刻但比成功更有力的老师。A. powerful有力的；B. patient耐心的；C. creative有创造力的；D. devoted忠诚的。根据上文“failure is a harsh (苛刻的) but”以及语境可知，失败虽然苛刻，但比成功更有力。故选A。 14.考查动词词义辨析。句意：那个季节，我不仅以工程师的身份毕业，还以生活学生的身份毕业，我学到了当你停止责怪世界，开始承认自己的失败时，你就夺回了塑造更好自己的力量。A. delay延迟；B. regret后悔；C. stop停止；D. mind介意。根据下文“and start owning your failures,”可知，作者停止责怪世界，开始承认自己的失败。故选C。 15.考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. prove证明；B. reclaim夺回；C. need需要；D. understand理解。根据下文“the power to build a better version of yourself”以及语境可知，作者不再责备其他人，承认自己的失败，由此夺回了塑造更好自己的力量。故选B。 第 1 页 共 2 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $