必修第一册 Unit 4 Friends forever（word练习）-【高考快车道】2027年高考英语大一轮总复习课时作业（外研版）

**基本信息** 以“友谊”为核心主题，整合阅读理解、七选五、完形填空题型，构建“理论-实践”逻辑链条，提升语言综合运用与思维层次。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|2篇8题|说明文（人与社会），考查细节、词义、推理|从友谊形成因素（A篇）到重建障碍与方法（B篇），层层递进| |阅读七选五|5题|议论文（人与社会），考查篇章逻辑衔接|探讨友谊自然变化与主动维系，深化关系认知| |完形填空|15题|记叙文（人与社会），考查语境词义与情感|通过具体情境实践友谊本质，实现理论到应用的迁移|

Unit 4　Friends forever (限时:35分钟) ●Ⅰ 阅读理解 A [2025·浙江台州高三第二次教学质量评估] 文体:说明文　主题:人与社会　词数:324 Olivia and I became instant friends in a writing class many years ago. I made a joke about a poorly crafted story. While others just stared blankly, Olivia laughed. That moment marked the beginning of our bond. It’s an example of how friendship often forms unexpectedly. Recent research reveals that the development of closeness is actually more complex. Sociologists and psychologists have identified delicate but profound factors that draw people together, and even determine what defines a “best friend”. These interactions are extremely small but important; they are the “dark matter” of friendship. Closeness and routine encounters lay the foundation for friendship. A classic study has shown that people often befriend those who they regularly interact with—neighbours, colleagues or classmates. However, physical closeness alone isn’t enough. Shared interests like hobbies or humour spark connections. In reality, true friendship blossoms when we go deeper and open up to each other. Self-disclosure marks the shift from casual acquaintance to true friendship. A simple “Can I talk to you for a minute?” might initiate a deeper connection. As sociologist Beverley Fehr explains in her book Friendship Processes, transforming from acquaintanceship to friendship involves gradually sharing more personal information. It’s a reciprocal (互惠的) process: one person opens up, and the other responds in kind. Reciprocity is the most decisive in developing friendship. When I started my first job in a bookstore, I grew close to an assistant. Almost every day we shared lunch with each other and bonded while working for a difficult boss. However, when she moved to a new job, our relationship began to change. I started sharing more about my personal life, but she never did the same. Eventually, our lunches petered out to once a month, before she drifted out of my life for good. I was eager to tell her my problems, but she was unwilling to share hers. The necessary reciprocity was missing, so our acquaintanceship never tipped over into friendship. (　)1.Why is Olivia mentioned in Paragraph 1? A.To show a keen interest in writing. B.To describe a mixed reaction to a joke. C.To initiate the topic of friendship formation. D.To illustrate the importance of humour sense. (　)2.What does “dark matter” in Paragraph 2 mean? A.Conflict-free social factors. B.Simple yet close connections. C.Non-light-emitting materials. D.Minute but significant interactions. (　)3.What stopped the author developing friendship with the assistant? A.The author’s talkative personality. B.The company’s tight schedule. C.The assistant’s unresponsive behaviour. D.The boss’s unpleasant character. (　)4.What contributes most to a true friendship? A.Regular meeting. B.Mutual openness. C.Common ground. D.Comfortable distance. B [2025·湖南永州高三二模改编] 文体:说明文　主题:人与社会　词数:343 Hearing from an old friend you’ve lost touch with can be a pleasant surprise, and restoring those old friendships can be extremely fulfilling. But according to a new study by psychologists from the University of Sussex, we often hesitate to initiate those reconnections. The study included seven large surveys of almost 2,500 participants. Over 90 percent of participants could think of a particular friend with whom they had lost touch and would like to speak with again. However, even when participants expressed wanting to reconnect, thought the friend would be appreciative, and were given time to draft a message, only about a third actually sent the message. So why is this such a tough roadblock that we need to get past? Over time, old friends can start to feel like strangers, explains Aknin, a psychologist at Simon Fraser University. That psychological distance is what people report as their main barrier to reconnecting. The type of relationship two friends had before losing touch can also determine how difficult this distance feels to bridge. A previously close relationship with a lot of trust makes picking up where you left off more likely and lessens the fear of rejection. “In many cases, part of the reason a tie grows dormant (休眠的) is that people move away, their interests change, and so they lose track of other people. But if you think about it, that’s what makes running into someone you haven’t seen in a long time so helpful and so interesting,” says Labianca, a psychologist at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. “Their lives have gone in different directions, so you might hear about something new and cool and different.” Social media might make reconnecting with dormant ties easier. Since the new research found familiarity makes reaching out easier, social media could provide a resting baseline of more familiarity. But Aknin says while social media might help keep up with old friends on a surface level, fully reactivating an old tie calls for a real conversation: a phone call or a face-to-face interaction, reacting to each other in real time. (　)5.What does the writer intend to do in the second paragraph? A.To support a conclusion. B.To illustrate a theory. C.To analyse the underlying logic. D.To explain a phenomenon. (　)6.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A.The fears of rejection. B.The initiation of reconnection. C.The previously close friendship. D.The development of diverse friendship. (　)7.How does Labianca view reactivating dormant ties? A.They’re not worth reactivating. B.They’re facilitated by social media. C.They may offer a chance for new insights. D.They bridge the psychological distance. (　)8.What does Aknin suggest to reconnect with friends? A.Reflection on shared experience. B.Surface-level connections online. C.In-depth personal communication. D.Regular interactions on social media. ●Ⅱ 阅读七选五 [2025·山东滨州高三二模] 文体:议论文　主题:人与社会　词数:254 All friendships, regardless of how long they have been in our lives, serve a purpose. 1.　　　　 We typically assume a break-up shouldn’t hurt as much as a romantic break-up, but it does. Much like with romantic relationships, we often attach illusions to our friendships, and when they end, it’s the bursting of the illusion that can hurt the most.  It’s not nice to think about, but there comes a point in every person’s life when they outgrow someone they were previously close with. 2.　　　　 At first, different life directions mean you stop hanging out as much; then they’re no longer the first person you go to with news; and before you know it your contact decreases, revolving primarily around birthdays or major holidays.  This natural shift doesn’t mean failure. 3.　　　　 Our relationships merely outgrow the period they were formed in: childhood friends may no longer fit into each other’s lives or have anything in common, making it hard to relate to one another—and that is perfectly OK.  As painful as it may be to distance yourself from someone you once cherished, holding on usually becomes harder than letting go. If you don’t feel good when you’re together, then it’s likely time for things to come to a close. 4.　　　　 If you would like to stop a friendship from being outgrown, you need to start making a concerted effort to consciously cultivate the bond you have. You can start by telling your friend how you are feeling and that you would like to work on mending the relationship. 5.　　　　  A.It often happens slowly. B.Therefore, friendships require cultivating. C.However, it doesn’t mean saying goodbye forever. D.It is simply a normal part of growing and changing. E.Instead of expectations, focus on making agreements. F.As is the case in all relationships, communication is key. G.So it’s natural for us to feel painful when friendships do end. ●Ⅲ 完形填空 [2025·福建漳州高三第二次教学质量检测] 文体:记叙文　主题:人与社会　词数:245 One April morning, I learned that Lucy’s mother was seriously ill. Lucy was my closest friend, yet, unsure of what to say, I was unwilling to 　1　 her.　  I tried to avoid school, but Mum 　2　 due to my history test. As a result, I attended school and thought hard of the 　3　 words all day, even writing a dialogue. But Lucy didn’t 　4　.  Outside, the clouds were 　5　, wetting the world, as if they were as sad as Lucy. There were puddles everywhere, 　6　 the greyness above.  After class, Mrs Green told me Lucy was coming to get her homework. I 　7　 out. My mind was blank. All I wanted was to see her.  I saw Lucy approaching, head down in a yellow raincoat. Her 　8　 shook. I knew she was crying. My heart ached, and I prayed for strength.  As we 　9　 each other, my throat tightened. But then, forgetting my own concerns, I reached out and 　10　 her. I said nothing, yet in that moment, I shared her 　11　 and let her know I cared.  Since then, Lucy has praised my ability to say the right thing at the right time, not realizing I was 　12　 that day. But I learned that true 　13　 means focusing on the other’s needs, not just our own.  I always remember that day in the April 　14　. It reminds me that sometimes, the most helpful thing we can do is 　15　 be there.  (　)1.A.face　　　　　　B.support C.disturb D.accompany (　)2.A.hesitated B.permitted C.recovered D.insisted (　)3.A.graceful B.right C.powerful D.moving (　)4.A.step in B.set off C.show up D.come through (　)5.A.floating B.staring C.gathering D.weeping (　)6.A.brightening B.reflecting C.displaying D.exposing (　)7.A.looked B.called C.rushed D.dropped (　)8.A.head B.hands C.legs D.shoulders (　)9.A.comforted B.neared C.greeted D.passed (　)10.A.pulled B.grasped C.hugged D.shook (　)11.A.grief B.frustration C.despair D.demand (　)12.A.nervous B.puzzled C.silent D.upset (　)13.A.friendship B.sympathy C.trust D.honesty (　)14.A.wind B.rain C.snow D.sun (　)15.A.gently B.proudly C.regularly D.simply 词汇积累 1.self-disclosure n.自我表露 2.acquaintance n.相识的人,泛泛之交 3.initiate v.开始实施,发起 4.peter out逐渐变小、变弱或减少 5.tip over into转变为……;发展成…… 6.bridge v.弥合(分歧),消除(隔阂) 7.run into撞上,碰上 8.baseline n.基线,基准 9.reactivate vt.重新激活 10.illusion n.错觉,幻觉 11.revolve v.围绕;(使)旋转 12.fit into相配,符合 13.concerted adj.共同筹划的,一致的 14.tighten v.(使)变紧,更加牢固;(身体局部)变僵硬,产生憋闷感 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4　Friends forever ●ⅠA 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要探讨友谊形成的复杂因素,包括日常接触、共同兴趣、自我表露和互惠行为等,并通过个人经历和理论研究说明真正友谊的关键条件。 1.C　推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“That moment marked the beginning of our bond. It’s an example of how friendship often forms unexpectedly.”可推知,提到Olivia是为了引出友谊形成的主题。故选C。 2.D　词义猜测题。根据文章第二段中“These interactions are extremely small but important; they are the ‘dark matter’ of friendship.”可推知,dark matter指的是上文提到的这些微小但很重要的互动。故选D。 3.C　细节理解题。根据文章第五段中“I started sharing more about my personal life, but she never did the same. Eventually, our lunches petered out to once a month, before she drifted out of my life for good. I was eager to tell her my problems, but she was unwilling to share hers. The necessary reciprocity was missing, so our acquaintanceship never tipped over into friendship.”可知,助理的不回应行为阻碍了友谊发展。故选C。 4.B　推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Self-disclosure marks the shift from casual acquaintance to true friendship. A simple ‘Can I talk to you for a minute?’ might initiate a deeper connection. As sociologist Beverley Fehr explains in her book Friendship Processes, transforming from acquaintanceship to friendship involves gradually sharing more personal information. It’s a reciprocal (互惠的) process: one person opens up, and the other responds in kind.”和第五段中“Reciprocity is the most decisive in developing friendship.”可推知,相互敞开心扉对友谊最关键。故选B。 B 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了影响老友重新联系的相关因素及其解决方法。 5.A　推理判断题。根据文章第一段“But according to a new study by psychologists from the University of Sussex, we often hesitate to initiate those reconnections.”和第二段“The study included seven large surveys of almost 2,500 participants. Over 90 percent of participants could think of a particular friend with whom they had lost touch and would like to speak with again. However, even when participants expressed wanting to reconnect, thought the friend would be appreciative, and were given time to draft a message, only about a third actually sent the message.”(这项研究包括对近2500名参与者进行的七项大型调查。超过90%的参与者能想起一个他们失去联系的特定朋友,并想再次交谈。然而,即使当参与者表示想要重新联系,认为朋友会感激,并有时间起草一份信息时,只有大约三分之一的人真正发送了信息。)可知,作者在第二段中提供了研究的结果来支持第一段中的结论。故选A。 6.B　代词指代题。根据第二段内容和第三段“So why is this such a tough roadblock that we need to get past? Over time, old friends can start to feel like strangers, explains Aknin, a psychologist at Simon Fraser University.”(那么,为什么这是我们需要跨越的一个如此艰难的障碍呢?西蒙弗雷泽大学的心理学家阿克宁解释说,随着时间的推移,老朋友会开始感觉像陌生人一样。)可知,this指代的是重新开始联系老友试图恢复友谊这件事,与选项B“The initiation of reconnection.” (重新联系的启动。)意思相符。故选B。 7.C　细节理解题。根据第四段中“‘In many cases, part of the reason a tie grows dormant (休眠的) is that people move away, their interests change, and so they lose track of other people. But if you think about it, that’s what makes running into someone you haven’t seen in a long time so helpful and so interesting,’ says Labianca, a psychologist at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. ‘Their lives have gone in different directions, so you might hear about something new and cool and different.’”可知,拉比安卡认为重新激活休眠关系可能会提供一个获得新见解的机会。故选C。 8.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But Aknin says while social media might help keep up with old friends on a surface level, fully reactivating an old tie calls for a real conversation: a phone call or a face-to-face interaction, reacting to each other in real time.”可知,面对面的深度交流才是解决问题的关键。故选C。 ●Ⅱ 【文章大意】 本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了友谊的自然变迁,指出友谊的淡化或结束是成长过程中的正常现象,并提出了维系友谊的建议。 1.G　上文“All friendships, regardless of how long they have been in our lives, serve a purpose.”引出友谊的价值,G选项(因此,当友谊结束时,我们感到痛苦是很正常的。)通过so建立因果关系,因为友谊都是有意义的,所以友谊结束会带来痛苦,与后文“We typically assume a break-up shouldn’t hurt as much as a romantic break-up, but it does.”语义一致。故选G。 2.A　上文“It’s not nice to think about, but there comes a point in every person’s life when they outgrow someone they were previously close with.”提出人人都会经历与亲密的人之间的疏远,A选项(这通常是缓慢发生的。)通过it指代上文的疏远过程,引出下文具体描述疏远的三个阶段:减少见面→不再优先分享→只剩节日问候,上下文逻辑连贯。故选A。 3.D　上文“This natural shift doesn’t mean failure.”否定消极认知,D选项(这只是成长和变化的正常部分。)通过simply承接转折,用normal part对应上文的doesn’t mean failure,共同确立积极观点。后文“…childhood friends may no longer fit into each other’s lives or have anything in common, making it hard to relate to one another—and that is perfectly OK.”是该观点的具体例证。故选D。 4.C　前文“If you don’t feel good when you’re together, then it’s likely time for things to come to a close.”提出关系的结束,C选项(但这并不意味着永别。)通过however实现语义转折,既承认结束的必要性,又避免绝对化,引出后文“If you would like to stop a friendship from being outgrown, you need to start making a concerted effort to consciously cultivate the bond you have.”提供的积极解决方案,与C项形成“结束非绝对→主动维系”的递进逻辑。故选C。 5.F　前文“You can start by telling your friend how you are feeling and that you would like to work on mending the relationship.”建议表达感受,F选项(正如所有关系,沟通是关键。)承接上文,强调沟通是关键,与前文观点一致。故选F。 ●Ⅲ 【文章大意】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的好朋友露西的母亲生了重病,作者不知道如何安慰,只有通过陪伴在露西身边的方式分享悲伤。 1.A　根据后文“I tried to avoid school…”可知,作者逃避上学是因为不愿意面对朋友。故选A。face面对;support支持;disturb打扰;accompany陪伴。 2.D　根据后文“…due to my history test.”可知,母亲坚持让作者去参加历史考试。故选D。hesitate犹豫;permit允许;recover恢复;insist坚持。 3.B　根据上文unsure of what to say可知,作者整天都在努力思考合适的词语。故选B。graceful优雅的;right合适的,正确的;powerful强大的;moving动人的。 4.C　根据上文but并结合后文“After class, Mrs Green told me Lucy was coming to get her homework.”可知,露西一开始没有出现。故选C。step in介入;set off出发;show up出现;come through传达。 5.D　根据后文wetting the world可知,此处表示乌云在哭泣。故选D。float飘浮;stare凝视;gather聚集;weep哭泣。 6.B　根据上文“There were puddles everywhere…”可知,水坑映衬出天空的灰暗。故选B。brighten变亮;reflect映衬,反思;display展示;expose暴露。 7.C　根据后文“My mind was blank. All I wanted was to see her.”可知,作者因为想见露西冲了出去。故选C。look看;call呼叫;rush冲;drop落下。 8.D　根据后文“I knew she was crying.”可知,哭泣会使肩膀颤抖。故选D。head头;hand手;leg腿;shoulder肩膀。 9.B　根据后文“…I reached out and…”可知,她们靠近了彼此。故选B。comfort安慰;near靠近;greet问候;pass通过。 10.C　根据上文“But then, forgetting my own concerns, I reached out and…”可知,作者伸手拥抱露西,安慰对方。故选C。pull拉;grasp抓住;hug拥抱;shake摇晃。 11.A　根据上文“One April morning, I learned that Lucy’s mother was seriously ill.”可知,此处指分担露西的悲伤。故选A。grief悲伤;frustration沮丧;despair绝望;demand要求。 12.C　根据上文“My mind was blank. All I wanted was to see her.”以及“But then, forgetting my own concerns, I reached out and…”可知,作者主要是通过动作安慰朋友,没有说话,即沉默。故选C。nervous紧张的;puzzled困惑的;silent沉默的;upset沮丧的。 13.A　根据后文“…focusing on the other’s needs, not just our own.”以及上文“Lucy was my closest friend…”可知,真正的友谊意味着关注对方的需求,而不仅仅是我们自己的需求。故选A。friendship友谊;sympathy同情;trust信任;honesty诚实。 14.B　根据上文wetting the world可知,那天在下雨。故选B。wind风;rain雨;snow雪;sun太阳。 15.D　根据上文“…the most helpful thing we can do is…”可知,有时候最有帮助的事情仅仅是陪伴在身边。故选D。gently温柔地;proudly骄傲地;regularly定期地;simply仅仅。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $