专题05 阅读理解（说明文）（5年汇编）（安徽专用）2022-2026年中考英语真题分类汇编

**基本信息** 聚焦安徽中考说明文阅读，精选5年真题及模拟题，覆盖科技（如火星种植、太空番茄）、自然（牛鲨社交、狮子保护）、文化（舞狮、功夫）等多元主题，设题兼顾基础与能力，适配中考命题趋势。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（说明文）|17篇（每篇3-4题）|细节理解（占比高）、推理判断、主旨概括、词义猜测（英文选项）|以“人与自然/社会/自我”为主题，如2022年“Feeding Mars”项目、2023年功夫传承；设题注重逻辑分析，如预测后文（2025年B篇）、研究意义（2026年A篇），结构多为“总分”或“总分总”|

专题05 阅读理解(说明文) 5年真题1年模拟 说明文是安徽中考阅读理解的重要体裁，每年都会考查多篇文章。话题选材贴近生活，覆盖多元主题,围绕“人与自然”、“人与社会”、“人与自我”三大范畴，涉及科技探索与创新(如2022年关于在火星上种植食物的“Feeding Mars”项目)、自然生态与保护(如2023年关于寻找已消失鸟类的“Search-for-Lost-Birds”清单)、传统文化与传承(如2022年关于中国舞狮的演变与传承)、社会生活(如2024年关于减少食物浪费的研究)、运动与健康(如2023年关于睡前洗热水澡有助于睡眠的科学建议)等多个话题，内容新颖，富有时代气息。 说明文相对于其他体裁文章在用词、句型、语法等方面要更难、更复杂，但安徽中考所考查的说明文文章结构比较清晰，多为“总分”或“总分总”结构，易于让学生读懂文章主旨。 在设题方面，有细节理解、代词指代、推理判断、词义猜测、主旨概括等设题方式。其中细节理解题占比较高，考查学生的定位查找信息的能力。词义猜测、代词指代等基本每年考查1题，占比小，且难度不大。词义猜测题从之前的选项为中文改为选项是英文，加大对词汇量尤其近义词的考查。 命题不仅考察学生对文本表层信息的获取能力，更注重对其深层理解和逻辑推理能力的考查。主旨大意题是必考部分，包括概括段落主旨和文章主旨。同时注重对推理判断题的考查，要求学生依据文本逻辑合理推导，考查学生的逻辑分析和概括归纳的能力。其中还考查过预测后文的题目，要求根据行文脉络推测后文内容，形式比较新颖，对学生的能力要求较高。 A （2026·安徽·中考真题） Bull sharks (牛鲨) have friends too, scientists have discovered. People usually think sharks live alone, but a new study suggests that bull sharks have friends they like to spend time with. Scientists watched 184 sharks over six years. The sharks were fed together inside a protected area. Researchers could go deep down and watch them. The team recorded their actions, such as sharks leading and following each other and how close together the sharks swam. They found that both male (雄性的) and female (雌性的) bull sharks like to play with females, but males form more social relationships. This might be because males are smaller than females, so having more friends protects them from larger sea animals. The researchers said that like other animals, bull sharks might learn new skills, find food and stay safe from enemies by social connections. “As humans, we build different kinds of social relationships. And these sharks are doing similar things,” said Natasha Marosi, who led the research. The scientists said understanding bull sharks’ actions can teach us more about how they live together and move around, which can help with shark protection. 1．What does the new study find about bull sharks? A．They live alone. B．They like humans. C．They have friends. D．They feed each other. 2．What might be the reason for male sharks to form more social relationships? A．They need protection. B．They want to be leaders. C．They need more areas. D．They want to meet females. 3．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The meaning of the study. B．The cause of human action. C．The advantage of social life. D．The way of shark protection. B （2025·安徽·中考真题） Relationships with your siblings (兄弟姐妹) can help you practice social skills. Having a good relationship with them can help you communicate with other people, and understand other people’s feelings. You can even learn things when you don’t get on with your siblings. When you have argued (争吵) with them, you have to work out how to be in the same space as them. As a result, you often learn how to accept differences. It is very useful in the outside world. It’s completely normal (正常的) that sometimes you and your sibling won’t see eye to eye. “Have a good think about why the two of you don’t get on. Try to talk when you both cool down,” says Dr. Owen, a researcher in how children develop. “Tell them how you feel. You could say, ‘It really hurts me when you make jokes about me.’ If the trouble carries on, talk to a trusted adult (成年人).” All families are different. What if you don’t have siblings? That doesn’t mean you won’t experience the advantages people get from having a brother or sister. There are ways to help only children develop these skills too. 1．What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A．Advantages of having siblings. B．Causes of arguing with others. C．Practices of accepting differences. D．Ways of building relationships. 2．What do the underlined words “see eye to eye” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Joke with each other. B．Hear from each other. C．Agree with each other. D．Learn from each other. 3．What will probably be talked about next? A．Why all families are different. B．When we can talk to a trusted adult. C．What is important for communication. D．How only children develop social skills. C （2024·安徽·中考真题） Dennis Hong and his students design (设计) human-like robots. This includes a cooking robot called Project YORI. YORI is only the latest of Hong’s robot inventions. There’s DAVID, the world’s first and only car that can be driven by the blind. And SAFFiR, a two-legged robot that can do dangerous work that humans are often unable to do. Hong is finding plenty of work for his robots. When he was asked about his biggest success, Hong chose the robot called DARwIn-OP. He thought it was one of the most widely used human-like robots for research and education. Hong’s team made DARwIn’s design free for anyone to use. They have seen many projects using the design. And they consider it a gift to the robotics community. “Many people only want to see our successes and not the failures that came before those, but failure is simply a stepping stone in developing new technology. If you’re too afraid of failure, then you only get to walk on the safer side, and then there’s no innovation (创新),” said Hong. “I tell my students to try breaking the robot. If the robot doesn’t fall and doesn’t break, we don’t get to learn anything.” 1．Which robot is the most recent invention by Dennis Hong’s team? A．YORI. B．DAVID． C．SAFFiR. D．DARwIn-OP. 2．What is special about DARwIn according to the text? A．Its technology is the latest. B．It is a popular robot for the blind. C．It is the first human-like robot. D．Its design is free for anyone to use. 3．What does Dennis Hong encourage his students to do? A．Walk on the safer side. B．Do more for education. C．Keep trying and learning. D．Avoid making mistakes. D （2024·安徽·中考真题） If you get angry many times in a day, it is time for you to think about how to deal with it. Here are some of my suggestions. When you are angry, try to tell yourself through another voice that you are angry and that it is not a bad thing. It just shows that you have different ideas. Accept that many things are not 100% right or wrong. In our communication with others, the final purpose is not to decide who is right and who is wrong, but to look for something in common. If you still feel strong anger, try taking a deep breath (呼吸) and let anger out of your body along with the breath. Don’t say angry words when you are very angry, for you will regret saying them when you cool down. Discussing with a third party is helpful. It is hard for the two parties in anger to understand each other, but the idea of an outsider can help both parties to get mutual (相互的) understanding. Anger is just one of the many emotions (情绪) that make us human, and to well manage it adds to our ability to truly understand the world. 1．What is the final purpose of communication with other people? A．To show different ideas. B．To look for something in common. C．To accept useful suggestions. D．To decide whether one is right or not. 2．What does the writer advise us to do when we can’t cool down? A．Say angry words. B．Try taking a deep breath. C．Control our voices. D．Stop talking with others. 3．What does the underlined word “party” in paragraph 4 mean? A．An activity. B．A visitor. C．A person. D．A meeting. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．How to manage anger. B．How to show feelings. C．How to deal with regrets. D．How to understand the world. E （2024·安徽·中考真题） During their busy lives, people do not pay much attention to the expiry dates (有效期) on the food in their fridges. As a result, a lot of food is forgotten about and wasted. However, according to a recent research, being aware of (意识到) what you throw away can help you waste less. The researchers measured (计量) food waste from 154 families across the UK. Half of these families in the research were asked to list the fruits and vegetables they had bought and their expiry dates. The families stuck the list on the fridge door and received a text message every day telling them to check it. The other half did not have to make a list and did not receive text messages. Over a six-week period, all the families were asked to measure their food waste at the end of each week. The researchers were surprised to find that making lists and getting texts made little difference to how much food was wasted. However, each family in the research wasted less food—about 0.1 kilo a week. The researchers carried on the research for six months, and found that all the families continued to waste less food. This shows that just measuring food waste encourages people to pay closer attention to it and throw less away. 1．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to (指的是)? A．The research. B．The list. C．The door. D．The message. 2．What is introduced in paragraph 3 about the six-week research? A．Its purpose. B．Its method. C．Its steps. D．Its results. 3．Which of the following is the best title (标题) for the text? A．Measure Food Waste to Stop It B．Pay Attention to What You Buy C．Check the Food Before Storing It D．Give Thought to Your Busy Life F （2023·安徽·中考真题） What makes you fall asleep? The main cause is your body clock, a time-keeper inside your body. But how to control and use your body clock? Scientists suggested having a shower before bed. Jumping into the shower around an hour before bed could mean you sleep better. A warm shower helps you relax, and then after it warms you up, your core（核心）body temperature drops. This encourages you to fall asleep more quickly and sleep more soundly. A study in 2019 said that a water temperature of 40℃ to 42. 4℃ produces the best-quality（最优质的）sleep. After people lie down, most of them take about 20 minutes to fall asleep. However, if you have a shower one to two hours before going to bed, you will fall asleep 10 minutes earlier. Core body temperature drops naturally before you sleep, then drops further during the night. It rises again as you wake up. It is thought that taking a warm shower will speed up the drop in temperature before bed, as it brings blood to the surface of the body, and then the heat is given off. 1．What did scientists suggest people do before bed to sleep better? A．Sleep an hour earlier. B．Jump into bed. C．Have a warm shower. D．Set a time clock. 2．What does the underlined word “soundly” probably mean? A．Deeply. B．Poorly. C．Kindly. D．Slowly. 3．Which water temperature produces the best-quality sleep according to the study? A．44.2℃ B．41.5℃ C．36.4℃ D．32.4℃ 4．In which part of a newspaper can you find the text? A．Art. B．Weather. C．History. D．Health. G （2023·安徽·中考真题） In Dengfeng today, there are more than 50,000 students learning kung fu, a traditional art in China. They come to learn it for many reasons. Some hope to become film stars. Others come to learn skills that will help them get good jobs in future. A few are sent by their parents to learn self-control and hard work. “Attracting （吸引）new students to traditional kung fu has become a problem,” says Hu Zhengsheng, who teaches it at a small school in Dengfeng. Hu fears that his art will soon die out. “It’s hard to convince（说服）kids to spend many years here, because the life of kung fu learners is not easy or interesting,” he says. Hu’s students have to sleep in unheated rooms and keep training hard outside whatever the temperature. To learn kung fu well they must have a strong will and learn respect（尊重）as well. For old traditions to live on, the young must learn and pass them down. Recently, to attract new students, Hu has brought some changes into his kung fu lessons to make them lively and interesting. Hopefully, more and more students will show interest in learning kung fu. 1．What does “it” underlined in paragraph 1 refer to（指的是）? A．Kung fu. B．Film. C．Self-control. D．Chinese. 2．What does Hu Zhengsheng fear? A．His students don’t respect him. B．He cannot work at a large school. C．His art cannot be passed down. D．There aren’t enough kung fu teachers. 3．What has Hu done to attract new students’? A．He has offered better living conditions. B．He has given jobs to their parents. C．He has promised them a better future. D．He has made changes in his lessons. H （2022·安徽·中考真题） The night sky is our earliest library. There, we stored our knowledge, and passed it down around the fire, before we invented the written word. I remember going to the local university for an astronomy (天文学) night when I was a child. That night, I saw Saturn, one of the planets, and its rings with my own eyes for the first time. The rings shone bright against the blackness of space and suddenly the universe (宇宙) wasn’t something that you only read about or imagined in your head. It was right there, and you were a part of it. That moment is priceless. While starlight is good, light pollution here on Earth can be a real problem. For the past 200 years or so, we have used too much electricity (电) to make the night brighter. However, brighter doesn’t usually mean better, especially when a lot of that light shines up into the sky where no one needs it. Luckily, some cities have taken actions, like setting up new downward-directing lights along the streets. I hope that more cities will join in and continue the practice of controlling unnecessary lighting, so that more of us can watch the night sky in a way humans have for thousands of years. 1．What is the night sky compared to? A．A book. B．The earth. C．A library. D．The universe. 2．How did the writer find the astronomy night? A．It opened his eyes. B．It controlled his mind. C．It was a real problem. D．It took him too much time. 3．What does the writer hope for? A．A brighter night. B．Less use of lighting. C．More personal space. D．A better education. I （2022·安徽·中考真题） A team of scientists are carrying out a project at the University of Greenwich in London. They are trying to find ways to make food on Mars (火星) in the future. The project is called Feeding Mars. It tries to use water, fish and fish waste to grow fruit and vegetables on Mars. It would take at least 21 months to reach Mars, learn about its surface and return to Earth. So it would be a big help if the spacemen could grow fresh food on Mars itself. Farming on Mars, however, will be very hard. There’s plenty of water that could be taken from ice just below the surface, but the land on Mars is missing the nutrients (养分) that living things need. The team say that they could solve the problem by growing plants and fish together. Fish waste can then be used to provide nutrients for plants. “It is expected that you can grow lots of food, such as vegetables, salads, teas and medicinal plants on Mars,” said Dr Benz Kotzen, who leads the project. “You can even harvest (捕获) fish for food then.” 1．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 1 refer to (指的是)? A．The future. B．The project. C．The land. D．The planet. 2．What makes it difficult to farm on Mars? A．Ice below the surface. B．Too much fish waste. C．The missing of living things. D．The poor land condition. 3．How does Dr Benz Kotzen feel about Feeding Mars? A．Hopeful. B．Doubtful. C．Surprised. D．Funny. J （2022·安徽·中考真题） The Search-for-Lost-Birds list has come to public attention recently. It lists ten kinds of birds that have not been seen in the wild for at least fifteen years. The list is calling on people to search for the rarest (最珍稀的) birds on Earth. There could be several reasons for the long disappearances of the birds on the list. Maybe there have been no studies in areas where they live. Maybe people don’t know where or how to find them. Maybe there are changes to their natural homes because of human activities. This year, four expeditions (考察队) are planning to find eight kinds of birds. If any of these lost birds are found, ways can be found to protect them and help their populations grow. This has happened with birds like the Madagascar pochard. The number of this once-lost kind of bird is now increasing. 1．How many kinds of birds are on the Search-for-Lost-Birds list? A．Four. B．Eight. C．Ten. D．Fifteen. 2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Changes of the living areas of the birds. B．Suggestions on how to protect the birds. C．Reasons for the disappearances of the birds. D．Steps of building natural homes for the birds. 3．What can we learn about the Madagascar pochard? A．It has not been found till now. B．It has a larger population than before. C．It needs to live close to humans. D．It provides protection for other birds. 4．What is the best title (标题) for the text? A．Ways to Raise Rare Birds B．Bird-lovers Around the World C．Searches for the Lost Birds D．Stories About Birds in the Wild K （2022·安徽·中考真题）    Have you ever seen lions dancing in the streets? The lions dance to the beat of a drum (鼓). Of course, they are not real lions. They are dancers in lion costurnes (服饰). Lion dancing first started in China centuries ago. It is meant to bring good luck in the coming year. Usually, a lion is made up of two dancers. One dancer controls the head. The other controls the tail. “I think of it as a sport,” says Anthony Huang, aged 16. He is a member of the New York Chinese Freemasons Athletic Club. Anthony performs (表演) as the lion’s head. It can weigh 20 pounds. Lion dancing is important to Anthony. “This tradition really lifts me up,” he says. In the past, lion dancing was performed mostly by men. But it is different today. LionDanceMe is a lion dancing group in San Francisco, California. There are boys and girls on its team. They dance together. “Anyone can take up lion dancing. You have to believe that you can do it,” says Ananda Tang-Lee, a 17-year-old girl. Lion dancing will continue to evolve. But a team’s sense of community will never change. “We call it a family,” Ananda says, “It’s really great, because we always have each other’s backs.” 1．Why do people perform lion dancing? A．To sell lion-dancing costurnes. B．To wish for a lucky new year. C．To protect the lions in the wild. D．To show skills of playing the drum. 2．Which role does Anthony play in lion dancing? A．The lion’s head. B．The lion’s tail. C．The drummer. D．The dresser. 3．What does the underlined word “evolve” mean? A．延期 B．模仿 C．举办 D．演变 4．What can we infer (推断) from Ananda’s words “We call it a family”? A．They bring happiness to the family. B．They call lion dancing a family game. C．They live together in a big family. D．They support each other like a family. A （2026·安徽阜阳·模拟预测） According to the latest survey, China is facing a serious aging problem. In recent years, the birth rate (出生率) has still been low. In 2024, only 9,540,000 babies were born. By 2040, about 30% of China’s population will be over 60, making the aging problem worse. To solve this big problem, China has taken some action. For example, the Chinese government has carried out rules to make sure the elderly have enough money to live on. At the same time, community care centers have been built, offering basic medical checks to keep the old people healthy. Across China, many people are also helping. Li Dongmei, who has run a children’s school for 15 years, opened an elderly art center in Jinan last year. Now more elderly people take her classes than kids. Also, a Hebei store sells gifts for the elderly, and toy companies design special items like memory-improving puzzles (谜题) for them. Businesses are making changes too. These efforts create jobs for young people and help society care more about the elderly. Most importantly, people of all ages can live happily together. 1．According to the passage, what problem is China having? A．The high birth rate. B．The aging population. C．Little medical care. D．Few children’s schools. 2．What has the Chinese government done to solve the problem? A．By making rules to help the elderly live better. B．By building more schools for children for free. C．By opening more art centers for the old people. D．By building more houses for the young people. 3．The underlined word “items” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________. A．food B．clothes C．products D．books 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．The Low Birth Rate in China B．Special Art Classes for Old People C．Ways to Help the Elderly in China D．The Future of China’s Population B （2026·安徽合肥·三模） As we celebrated the 2026 Spring Festival, Chinese astronauts on the Tiangong space station were also celebrating: They grew fresh tomatoes in their “space vegetable garden” successfully. The tomatoes were able to grow in space thanks to an aeroponic cultivation system (雾培养系统) . This system turns water into a fine mist (薄雾) , which easily reaches and feeds the plants’ roots. Plants take in red and blue light to grow well, so the system uses red, blue, and white LED lights to help different fruits and vegetables grow. It also saves energy. “The result is this wonderful scene of space-grown tomatoes we have before us,” astronaut Zhang Hongzhang told Xinhua. Astronauts have also successfully grown other vegetables, such as lettuce, in the “space vegetable garden”. Instead of soil, they use a special substrate (基质) that takes in water well and helps send water to the plant roots. When astronauts need to change plants, they can easily move them without causing any harm. This is very useful in space because there is no gravity (重力) . Right now, the tomatoes are not only food for the astronauts on board, but they also bring joy with their look and smell. “Every time I pass by this area, I want to take a deep breath and enjoy the nice smell,” astronaut Wu Fei told Xinhua. 1．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The aeroponic cultivation system. B．The LED light system with red, blue, and white lights. C．The tomatoes grown in space. D．The special substrate used in space. 2．How does the substrate help plants grow according to Paragraph 4? A．It takes in light regularly. B．It can recycle useless plants. C．It helps water their roots easily. D．It can create Earth-like gravity. 3．Why are the space-grown tomatoes important? A．They offer both food and joy for the astronauts. B．They give astronauts a sense of being at home. C．They have become the main food for the astronauts. D．They help improve farming technology on earth. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To tell us how astronauts harvested fresh tomatoes in their “space vegetable garden”. B．To introduce the success of growing vegetables in China’s space station. C．To compare different ways of growing vegetables in space. D．To explain why astronauts choose to grow tomatoes in space. C （2026·安徽黄山·二模） The sun shines on the fishing-PV project in Zhulu Village, Anhui Province. Blue solar panels (太阳能光伏板) line up on the water. In the water, naturally raised fish swim happily. It shows that the model of “producing electricity above and raising fish below” is successful in both environmental protection and local development. The story began with a solar power (太阳能) plan. Working with a power company (公司), the village used about 890 mu of land to build a solar project. When the project started to produce electricity, it brought the village 800,000 yuan at once. But the village wanted to make better use of the land. Village leaders thought the water under the panels should not be wasted. After learning from other successful projects and testing the water, they began to raise fish. They chose several kinds of fish and let them grow naturally without man-made food. The solar panels stopped strong sunlight. They kept the water temperature good for small plants to grow. These plants became food for the fish. Later, the project became bigger. The village increased the area to more than 1,000 mu. Catching fish brought the village more money. Every year, the solar panels make lots of clean electricity and help protect the environment. At the same time, fish waste helps plants grow, achieving a healthy cycle (循环). In the future, Zhulu Village plans to make the fish area even larger. This project is a great example of green development. 1．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to (指的是)? A．The land. B．The test. C．The company. D．The project. 2．Which of the following is the correct order according to the text? ①The project covered an area of over 1,000 mu. ②The village started a solar power project. ③The project brought the village 800,000 yuan. ④The village raised fish to make better use of the land. A．①→④→③→② B．①→③→②→④ C．②→③→④→① D．②→③→①→④ 3．What does the success of the project show us? A．Solar power costs little. B．Big projects are always difficult. C．Green development is a win-win choice. D．Raising fish is a good way to be rich. D （2026·安徽淮南·二模） When was the last time you gave or received a hug? Do your parents hug you before you go to school? In western countries, it is quite common to greet close friends or relatives with a hug. You might hug your teammates after winning a basketball game. If your friends are having a bad day, you can hug them to cheer them up. Friends who haven’t seen each other for a long time will usually hug each other when meeting. Of course, people in different countries have different opinions when it comes to hugging. After coming to China, I’ve noticed that people are generally more reluctant (不情愿的) to hug than they are in my home country, the US. My Chinese friends told me that hugging is considered to be very intimate (亲密的) in their culture. It usually only happens between people who are really close to each other, like couples. Chinese people don’t usually hug in public, either. But people’s attitudes (态度) towards hugging can also change. I remember watching a video story about a “hugging party” that was held in Shanghai. A local artist held the party, inviting strangers and asking them to hug each other. The Chinese participants (参与者) clearly looked uncomfortable. However, after the party, several of them changed their minds. They decided that hugging doesn’t have to be awkward (令人尴尬的) and can actually be quite nice. So next time you see your mom or dad, give them a hug-see how it makes you feel. 1．What usually happens between good friends when meeting in western countries? A．Hugging. B．Nodding. C．Shaking hands. D．Bowing. 2．In Chinese culture, hugs usually happen between ________. A．friends B．classmates C．couples D．strangers 3．What did people do at the “hugging party”? A．They were invited to hug each other. B．They watched a video about hugging. C．They told stories about hugging. D．They were taught about hugging. 4．The writer wrote the last paragraph to ________. A．encourage people to be nice to strangers B．explain why people feel uncomfortable while hugging C．show how people can change their minds about hugging D．tell the reason why people need to hug each other E （2026·安徽芜湖·二模） A hundred years ago, there were about 200,000 lions living in the wild. But today, fewer than 20,000 are left. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), a group that protects nature, says lions are vulnerable. This means they might soon be in even bigger danger. What’s making lions disappear? There are four main problems. First, lions are losing their homes because more and more people build towns and farms, leaving lions with less space to live in. Second, fights between humans and lions happen often. When lions eat farmers’ cows or sheep, farmers will kill them to protect their animals. Third, lions are running out of food because the animals they hunt are getting harder to find. Fourth, illegal (非法的) hunting is a big threat, too. Some people hunt lions for fun, and others sell their bones for traditional medicine. In West and Central Africa, lions are in extra trouble. But there are ways to help them! In Kenya and Namibia, communities pay farmers when lions eat their livestock (牲畜), so farmers stop killing lions. Rangers use GPS collars to track lions and keep them safe. China bans (禁止) illegal lion product trade, supports African conservation projects and promotes global cooperation for lion protection. Saving lions isn’t just about lions. It helps all the animals in their homes like birds and insects. Every step to protect lions keeps the whole ecosystem alive. 1．What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Good at running. B．Easy to be hurt. C．Popular with people. D．Strong in nature. 2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Why lions are becoming fewer. B．What people trade lion bones for. C．Where lions can find enough food. D．How farmers protect their livestock. 3．What can we infer from the text? A．Birds and insects have no connection with lion habitats. B．China only helps protect lions by banning illegal trade. C．Lions will disappear completely in 10 years. D．Protecting lions helps the whole ecosystem. F （2026·安徽六安·模拟预测） ①Winter can be a difficult time for many people. The days are short, the weather is cold, and some people feel sad or tired more easily. Scientists call this “winter blues” or seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Can drinking coffee help improve our mood (心情) during winter? Some studies suggest that it might. ②A European study asked people about their coffee drinking habits in winter. Twenty percent of them said that drinking a few cups of coffee each day made them feel better. Another study found that 75 mg of caffeine (咖啡因) every four hours helped people stay in a good mood. ③More importantly, a large study in 2015 looked at research from 11 different studies with over 330,000 people. The results showed that drinking coffee might reduce the risk of depression (抑郁). In fact, each cup of coffee people drank every day lowered their risk of depression by 8%. The study found that drinking one to five cups of coffee daily could help lift people’s mood. ④However, a recent study showed different results. It found that one cup of coffee a day helped improve moods, but drinking more than that didn’t provide other advantages. ⑤So how does coffee help? As a stimulant, coffee can wake up our brains, give us energy, and make us feel warmer and happier. This is especially helpful during winter, when many people naturally feel slower and more tired. But coffee isn’t perfect. It can also make some people feel worried or nervous. It can also make it harder to fall asleep, especially if you drink it late in the day. ⑥Scientists agree that coffee cannot cure (治愈) serious depression or SAD．But for people who just feel a bit down during winter, a cup or two of coffee might make them feel better and more active. Remember, drinking too much coffee may cause problems like feeling nervous or sleeping poorly. 1．What did the study in 2015 find about coffee? A．Coffee worked better than other drinks. B．Only five cups of coffee a day were helpful. C．Drinking coffee could cause depression. D．Coffee might lower the risk of depression. 2．What does the underlined word “stimulant” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Something that makes people sleepy. B．Something that is often added to coffee. C．Something that helps people stay calm. D．Something that makes our bodies more active. 3．How does the writer develop the text? A．By explaining how caffeine works in the brain. B．By listing research results and giving advice. C．By comparing different studies on caffeine. D．By telling stories of people with “winter blues”. 4．What’s the structure of the text? A． B． C． D． G （2026·安徽·模拟预测） Running is good exercise, but some people often say, “Running is bad for the knees.” Is that true? Running isn’t bad for the knees as long as people do it in the right way. A study found out that runners had fewer knee problems than walkers. Why? Running helps build up muscles and cartilage (肌肉和软骨) around the knee joint (关节) . Another study followed marathon (马拉松) runners before and after their races. The result was pretty surprising: the runners’ knee cartilage was stronger after the race, and they had a lower chance of developing joint problems than those who didn’t run at all. Actually, running itself isn’t bad for our knees, but if we don’t do it right, it can cause problems. First, run with bad form. Taking too big steps or letting knees bend inward (向内弯曲) are both bad for the knees. Second, overuse the knees. Running too much, too fast, or without rest can cause knee problems. Third, run on hard ground. It’s bad for the knees, especially if we’re doing long runs or running very fast. To keep our knees healthy while running, we just need to train smart. Small changes in our running habits can make a big difference. 1．What did the second study show? A．People who never ran had healthier knees. B．Running could make the knee cartilage stronger. C．Training was very important for marathon runners. D．Runners had a higher chance of developing joint problems. 2．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．The causes of knee problems. B．Suggestions for long runs. C．Ways of warming up before running. D．The effects of running on knee health. 3．What will the writer probably talk about next? A．The good points of running. B．The best time for running. C．Common running mistakes we make. D．Suggestions for smart training in running. 试卷第1页，共3页 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 阅读理解(说明文) 5年真题1年模拟 A（2026·安徽·中考真题）1．C 2．A 3．A B（2025·安徽·中考真题）1．A 2．C 3．D C（2024·安徽·中考真题）1．A 2．D 3．C D（2024·安徽·中考真题）1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A E（2024·安徽·中考真题）1．B 2．D 3．A F（2023·安徽·中考真题）1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D G（2023·安徽·中考真题）1．A 2．C 3．D H（2022·安徽·中考真题）1．C 2．A 3．B I （2022·安徽·中考真题）1．B 2．D 3．A J （2022·安徽·中考真题）1．C 2．C 3．B 4．C K （2022·安徽·中考真题）1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D A（2026·安徽阜阳·模拟）1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C B（2026·安徽合肥·三模）1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B C（2026·安徽黄山·二模）1．D 2．C 3．C D（2026·安徽淮南·二模）1．A 2．C 3．A 4．C E（2026·安徽芜湖·二模）1．B 2．A 3．D F（2026·安徽六安·模拟）1．D 2．D 3．B 4．A G（2026·安徽·模拟预测）1．B 2．A 3．D 试卷第1页，共3页 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 阅读理解(说明文) 5年真题1年模拟 说明文是安徽中考阅读理解的重要体裁，每年都会考查多篇文章。话题选材贴近生活，覆盖多元主题,围绕“人与自然”、“人与社会”、“人与自我”三大范畴，涉及科技探索与创新(如2022年关于在火星上种植食物的“Feeding Mars”项目)、自然生态与保护(如2023年关于寻找已消失鸟类的“Search-for-Lost-Birds”清单)、传统文化与传承(如2022年关于中国舞狮的演变与传承)、社会生活(如2024年关于减少食物浪费的研究)、运动与健康(如2023年关于睡前洗热水澡有助于睡眠的科学建议)等多个话题，内容新颖，富有时代气息。 说明文相对于其他体裁文章在用词、句型、语法等方面要更难、更复杂，但安徽中考所考查的说明文文章结构比较清晰，多为“总分”或“总分总”结构，易于让学生读懂文章主旨。 在设题方面，有细节理解、代词指代、推理判断、词义猜测、主旨概括等设题方式。其中细节理解题占比较高，考查学生的定位查找信息的能力。词义猜测、代词指代等基本每年考查1题，占比小，且难度不大。词义猜测题从之前的选项为中文改为选项是英文，加大对词汇量尤其近义词的考查。 命题不仅考察学生对文本表层信息的获取能力，更注重对其深层理解和逻辑推理能力的考查。主旨大意题是必考部分，包括概括段落主旨和文章主旨。同时注重对推理判断题的考查，要求学生依据文本逻辑合理推导，考查学生的逻辑分析和概括归纳的能力。其中还考查过预测后文的题目，要求根据行文脉络推测后文内容，形式比较新颖，对学生的能力要求较高。 A （2026·安徽·中考真题） Bull sharks (牛鲨) have friends too, scientists have discovered. People usually think sharks live alone, but a new study suggests that bull sharks have friends they like to spend time with. Scientists watched 184 sharks over six years. The sharks were fed together inside a protected area. Researchers could go deep down and watch them. The team recorded their actions, such as sharks leading and following each other and how close together the sharks swam. They found that both male (雄性的) and female (雌性的) bull sharks like to play with females, but males form more social relationships. This might be because males are smaller than females, so having more friends protects them from larger sea animals. The researchers said that like other animals, bull sharks might learn new skills, find food and stay safe from enemies by social connections. “As humans, we build different kinds of social relationships. And these sharks are doing similar things,” said Natasha Marosi, who led the research. The scientists said understanding bull sharks’ actions can teach us more about how they live together and move around, which can help with shark protection. 1．What does the new study find about bull sharks? A．They live alone. B．They like humans. C．They have friends. D．They feed each other. 2．What might be the reason for male sharks to form more social relationships? A．They need protection. B．They want to be leaders. C．They need more areas. D．They want to meet females. 3．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The meaning of the study. B．The cause of human action. C．The advantage of social life. D．The way of shark protection. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学家针对牛鲨开展的最新研究，推翻了人们认为鲨鱼独居的固有认知，证明牛鲨会发展社交关系拥有朋友，介绍了不同性别牛鲨的社交特点，同时说明了这项研究对牛鲨保护的意义。 【详解】 1．第一段“Bull sharks (牛鲨) have friends too, scientists have discovered...but a new study suggests that bull sharks have friends they like to spend time with.”，该句直接点明新研究的核心发现是牛鲨拥有愿意一同相处的朋友。 2．第三段“This might be because males are smaller than females, so having more friends protects them from larger sea animals.”，该句明确说明雄性牛鲨体型更小，发展更多社交关系是为了获得保护，免受大型海洋动物攻击。 3．最后一段“understanding bull sharks’ actions can teach us more about how they live together and move around, which can help with shark protection.”，该段核心内容是阐述这项研究的价值与意义，即帮助人们了解牛鲨的生存模式，进而助力牛鲨保护工作。 B （2025·安徽·中考真题） Relationships with your siblings (兄弟姐妹) can help you practice social skills. Having a good relationship with them can help you communicate with other people, and understand other people’s feelings. You can even learn things when you don’t get on with your siblings. When you have argued (争吵) with them, you have to work out how to be in the same space as them. As a result, you often learn how to accept differences. It is very useful in the outside world. It’s completely normal (正常的) that sometimes you and your sibling won’t see eye to eye. “Have a good think about why the two of you don’t get on. Try to talk when you both cool down,” says Dr. Owen, a researcher in how children develop. “Tell them how you feel. You could say, ‘It really hurts me when you make jokes about me.’ If the trouble carries on, talk to a trusted adult (成年人).” All families are different. What if you don’t have siblings? That doesn’t mean you won’t experience the advantages people get from having a brother or sister. There are ways to help only children develop these skills too. 1．What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A．Advantages of having siblings. B．Causes of arguing with others. C．Practices of accepting differences. D．Ways of building relationships. 2．What do the underlined words “see eye to eye” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Joke with each other. B．Hear from each other. C．Agree with each other. D．Learn from each other. 3．What will probably be talked about next? A．Why all families are different. B．When we can talk to a trusted adult. C．What is important for communication. D．How only children develop social skills. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文主要探讨了与兄弟姐妹相处对社交能力的积极影响，包括沟通技巧、情感理解及解决冲突的能力培养，并指出独生子女也可通过其他方式获得类似发展机会。 【详解】 1．段落大意题。根据“Relationships with your siblings (兄弟姐妹) can help you practice social skills.”可知第一段开篇提出核心观点，即“和兄弟姐妹的关系可以帮助你练习社交技巧”，随后通过好关系和坏关系的具体例子，集中阐述拥有兄弟姐妹在沟通能力、理解他人及接受差异等方面的优势。由此可知，第一段主要介绍了拥有兄弟姐妹的好处。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据“It’s completely normal (正常的) that sometimes you and your sibling won’t see eye to eye.”和“Have a good think about why the two of you don’t get on. Try to talk when you both cool down”可知，此处指兄弟姐妹间的不合，既出现不同意对方看法的情况。因此see eye to eye意为“同意彼此的看法”。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“There are ways to help only children develop these skills too”可知，文章结尾明确指向独生子女发展社交技能的方法，预示下文将展开此话题。故选D。 C （2024·安徽·中考真题） Dennis Hong and his students design (设计) human-like robots. This includes a cooking robot called Project YORI. YORI is only the latest of Hong’s robot inventions. There’s DAVID, the world’s first and only car that can be driven by the blind. And SAFFiR, a two-legged robot that can do dangerous work that humans are often unable to do. Hong is finding plenty of work for his robots. When he was asked about his biggest success, Hong chose the robot called DARwIn-OP. He thought it was one of the most widely used human-like robots for research and education. Hong’s team made DARwIn’s design free for anyone to use. They have seen many projects using the design. And they consider it a gift to the robotics community. “Many people only want to see our successes and not the failures that came before those, but failure is simply a stepping stone in developing new technology. If you’re too afraid of failure, then you only get to walk on the safer side, and then there’s no innovation (创新),” said Hong. “I tell my students to try breaking the robot. If the robot doesn’t fall and doesn’t break, we don’t get to learn anything.” 1．Which robot is the most recent invention by Dennis Hong’s team? A．YORI. B．DAVID． C．SAFFiR. D．DARwIn-OP. 2．What is special about DARwIn according to the text? A．Its technology is the latest. B．It is a popular robot for the blind. C．It is the first human-like robot. D．Its design is free for anyone to use. 3．What does Dennis Hong encourage his students to do? A．Walk on the safer side. B．Do more for education. C．Keep trying and learning. D．Avoid making mistakes. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了丹尼斯·洪和他的学生设计的类人机器人。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据“Dennis Hong and his students design (设计) human-like robots. This includes a cooking robot called Project YORI.”可知，YORI是丹尼斯·洪的团队最近发明的。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Hong’s team made DARwIn’s design free for anyone to use.”可知，它的特殊之处在于它的设计对任何人都是免费的。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“If you’re too afraid of failure, then you only get to walk on the safer side, and then there’s no innovation (创新)”和“I tell my students to try breaking the robot. If the robot doesn’t fall and doesn’t break, we don’t get to learn anything.”可推断出，丹尼斯·洪鼓励他的学生不断尝试和学习。故选C。 D （2024·安徽·中考真题） If you get angry many times in a day, it is time for you to think about how to deal with it. Here are some of my suggestions. When you are angry, try to tell yourself through another voice that you are angry and that it is not a bad thing. It just shows that you have different ideas. Accept that many things are not 100% right or wrong. In our communication with others, the final purpose is not to decide who is right and who is wrong, but to look for something in common. If you still feel strong anger, try taking a deep breath (呼吸) and let anger out of your body along with the breath. Don’t say angry words when you are very angry, for you will regret saying them when you cool down. Discussing with a third party is helpful. It is hard for the two parties in anger to understand each other, but the idea of an outsider can help both parties to get mutual (相互的) understanding. Anger is just one of the many emotions (情绪) that make us human, and to well manage it adds to our ability to truly understand the world. 1．What is the final purpose of communication with other people? A．To show different ideas. B．To look for something in common. C．To accept useful suggestions. D．To decide whether one is right or not. 2．What does the writer advise us to do when we can’t cool down? A．Say angry words. B．Try taking a deep breath. C．Control our voices. D．Stop talking with others. 3．What does the underlined word “party” in paragraph 4 mean? A．An activity. B．A visitor. C．A person. D．A meeting. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．How to manage anger. B．How to show feelings. C．How to deal with regrets. D．How to understand the world. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了如何处理生气这种情绪。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据“the final purpose is not to decide who is right and who is wrong, but to look for something in common”可知，最终目的不是决定谁对谁错，而是寻找共同之处。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“If you still feel strong anger, try taking a deep breath (呼吸) and let anger out of your body along with the breath. ”可知，应该要深呼吸，故选B。 3．词义猜测题。根据“but the idea of an outsider can help both parties to get mutual (相互的) understanding.”可知，局外人的想法可以帮助双方获得相互理解，所以这里指的是第三方人，故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据“If you get angry many times in a day, it is time for you to think about how to deal with it. Here are some of my suggestions.”可知，本文主要介绍了如何处理生气这种情绪。故选A。 E （2024·安徽·中考真题） During their busy lives, people do not pay much attention to the expiry dates (有效期) on the food in their fridges. As a result, a lot of food is forgotten about and wasted. However, according to a recent research, being aware of (意识到) what you throw away can help you waste less. The researchers measured (计量) food waste from 154 families across the UK. Half of these families in the research were asked to list the fruits and vegetables they had bought and their expiry dates. The families stuck the list on the fridge door and received a text message every day telling them to check it. The other half did not have to make a list and did not receive text messages. Over a six-week period, all the families were asked to measure their food waste at the end of each week. The researchers were surprised to find that making lists and getting texts made little difference to how much food was wasted. However, each family in the research wasted less food—about 0.1 kilo a week. The researchers carried on the research for six months, and found that all the families continued to waste less food. This shows that just measuring food waste encourages people to pay closer attention to it and throw less away. 1．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to (指的是)? A．The research. B．The list. C．The door. D．The message. 2．What is introduced in paragraph 3 about the six-week research? A．Its purpose. B．Its method. C．Its steps. D．Its results. 3．Which of the following is the best title (标题) for the text? A．Measure Food Waste to Stop It B．Pay Attention to What You Buy C．Check the Food Before Storing It D．Give Thought to Your Busy Life 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项关于减少食物浪费的研究。 【详解】 1．推理判断题。根据“The families stuck the list on the fridge door and received a text message every day telling them to check it.”可知，这些家庭把食物清单贴在冰箱门上，并且被要求每天检查。故此处it指代上文中提到的“清单”。故选B。 2．细节理解题。通读第三段可知，本段主要介绍了研究的结果。故选D。 3．最佳标题题。根据“This shows that just measuring food waste encourages people to pay closer attention to it and throw less away.”及全文可知，文章介绍了一项关于食物浪费的研究，研究发现，只要监测食物浪费情况就可以减少食物的浪费，故文章最佳标题是“Measure Food Waste to Stop It”。故选A。 F （2023·安徽·中考真题） What makes you fall asleep? The main cause is your body clock, a time-keeper inside your body. But how to control and use your body clock? Scientists suggested having a shower before bed. Jumping into the shower around an hour before bed could mean you sleep better. A warm shower helps you relax, and then after it warms you up, your core（核心）body temperature drops. This encourages you to fall asleep more quickly and sleep more soundly. A study in 2019 said that a water temperature of 40℃ to 42. 4℃ produces the best-quality（最优质的）sleep. After people lie down, most of them take about 20 minutes to fall asleep. However, if you have a shower one to two hours before going to bed, you will fall asleep 10 minutes earlier. Core body temperature drops naturally before you sleep, then drops further during the night. It rises again as you wake up. It is thought that taking a warm shower will speed up the drop in temperature before bed, as it brings blood to the surface of the body, and then the heat is given off. 1．What did scientists suggest people do before bed to sleep better? A．Sleep an hour earlier. B．Jump into bed. C．Have a warm shower. D．Set a time clock. 2．What does the underlined word “soundly” probably mean? A．Deeply. B．Poorly. C．Kindly. D．Slowly. 3．Which water temperature produces the best-quality sleep according to the study? A．44.2℃ B．41.5℃ C．36.4℃ D．32.4℃ 4．In which part of a newspaper can you find the text? A．Art. B．Weather. C．History. D．Health. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了控制和使用的生物钟的一个方法——在睡觉前一小时左右洗一个热水澡能帮助人们睡觉。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据“Jumping into the shower around an hour before bed could mean you sleep better”可知，建议睡觉前冲个澡，故选C。 2．词义猜测题。根据“This encourages you to fall asleep more quickly and sleep more soundly.”可知，能让你更快地入睡，睡得更香，所以划线单词与deeply词义相近，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“A study in 2019 said that a water temperature of 40℃ to 42. 4℃ produces the best-quality（最优质的）sleep”可知，40到42℃的水温能产生最优质的睡眠，故选B。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，本文主要介绍了在睡觉前一小时左右洗一个热水澡能帮助人们睡觉，与健康有关，故选D。 G （2023·安徽·中考真题） In Dengfeng today, there are more than 50,000 students learning kung fu, a traditional art in China. They come to learn it for many reasons. Some hope to become film stars. Others come to learn skills that will help them get good jobs in future. A few are sent by their parents to learn self-control and hard work. “Attracting （吸引）new students to traditional kung fu has become a problem,” says Hu Zhengsheng, who teaches it at a small school in Dengfeng. Hu fears that his art will soon die out. “It’s hard to convince（说服）kids to spend many years here, because the life of kung fu learners is not easy or interesting,” he says. Hu’s students have to sleep in unheated rooms and keep training hard outside whatever the temperature. To learn kung fu well they must have a strong will and learn respect（尊重）as well. For old traditions to live on, the young must learn and pass them down. Recently, to attract new students, Hu has brought some changes into his kung fu lessons to make them lively and interesting. Hopefully, more and more students will show interest in learning kung fu. 1．What does “it” underlined in paragraph 1 refer to（指的是）? A．Kung fu. B．Film. C．Self-control. D．Chinese. 2．What does Hu Zhengsheng fear? A．His students don’t respect him. B．He cannot work at a large school. C．His art cannot be passed down. D．There aren’t enough kung fu teachers. 3．What has Hu done to attract new students’? A．He has offered better living conditions. B．He has given jobs to their parents. C．He has promised them a better future. D．He has made changes in his lessons. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文主要学生们学习功夫的原因，以及吸引学生们来学习传统功夫成了一个问题，以及想出的解决办法。 【详解】 1．词义猜测题。根据“In Dengfeng today, there are more than 50,000 students learning kung fu, a traditional art in China. They come to learn it for many reasons”可知，此处指学习功夫的原因有很多，所以it指代Kung fu，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Hu fears that his art will soon die out”可知，担心他的艺术很快就会消亡，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Recently, to attract new students, Hu has brought some changes into his kung fu lessons to make them lively and interesting”可知，为了吸引新学员，在功夫课上做了一些改变，使其生动有趣，故选D。 H （2022·安徽·中考真题） The night sky is our earliest library. There, we stored our knowledge, and passed it down around the fire, before we invented the written word. I remember going to the local university for an astronomy (天文学) night when I was a child. That night, I saw Saturn, one of the planets, and its rings with my own eyes for the first time. The rings shone bright against the blackness of space and suddenly the universe (宇宙) wasn’t something that you only read about or imagined in your head. It was right there, and you were a part of it. That moment is priceless. While starlight is good, light pollution here on Earth can be a real problem. For the past 200 years or so, we have used too much electricity (电) to make the night brighter. However, brighter doesn’t usually mean better, especially when a lot of that light shines up into the sky where no one needs it. Luckily, some cities have taken actions, like setting up new downward-directing lights along the streets. I hope that more cities will join in and continue the practice of controlling unnecessary lighting, so that more of us can watch the night sky in a way humans have for thousands of years. 1．What is the night sky compared to? A．A book. B．The earth. C．A library. D．The universe. 2．How did the writer find the astronomy night? A．It opened his eyes. B．It controlled his mind. C．It was a real problem. D．It took him too much time. 3．What does the writer hope for? A．A brighter night. B．Less use of lighting. C．More personal space. D．A better education. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了现在夜晚灯光太多，造成了光污染，作者希望人们能够采取行动，减少不必要灯光，减少光污染。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据“The night sky is our earliest library”可知作者把夜空比作了图书馆。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“The rings shone bright against the blackness of space and suddenly the universe (宇宙) wasn’t something that you only read about or imagined in your head”可知这些光环在黑暗的太空中闪耀着光芒，突然之间，宇宙不再是只能在脑海中阅读或想象的东西，由此可推知那天晚上拓宽了作者的视野。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“I hope that more cities will join in and continue the practice of controlling unnecessary lighting”可知作者希望更多的城市加入并继续控制不必要的照明。故选B。 I （2022·安徽·中考真题） A team of scientists are carrying out a project at the University of Greenwich in London. They are trying to find ways to make food on Mars (火星) in the future. The project is called Feeding Mars. It tries to use water, fish and fish waste to grow fruit and vegetables on Mars. It would take at least 21 months to reach Mars, learn about its surface and return to Earth. So it would be a big help if the spacemen could grow fresh food on Mars itself. Farming on Mars, however, will be very hard. There’s plenty of water that could be taken from ice just below the surface, but the land on Mars is missing the nutrients (养分) that living things need. The team say that they could solve the problem by growing plants and fish together. Fish waste can then be used to provide nutrients for plants. “It is expected that you can grow lots of food, such as vegetables, salads, teas and medicinal plants on Mars,” said Dr Benz Kotzen, who leads the project. “You can even harvest (捕获) fish for food then.” 1．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 1 refer to (指的是)? A．The future. B．The project. C．The land. D．The planet. 2．What makes it difficult to farm on Mars? A．Ice below the surface. B．Too much fish waste. C．The missing of living things. D．The poor land condition. 3．How does Dr Benz Kotzen feel about Feeding Mars? A．Hopeful. B．Doubtful. C．Surprised. D．Funny. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍“喂养火星”这一项目。 【详解】 1．推理判断题。根据“The project is called Feeding Mars. It tries to use water, fish and fish waste to grow fruit and vegetables on Mars.”可知，这个项目被称为“喂养火星”，它试图利用水、鱼和鱼的废物在火星上种植水果和蔬菜。 此处it指的是“喂养火星”这个项目，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“but the land on Mars is missing the nutrients (养分) that living things need”可知，火星上的土地缺少生物所需的营养物质，故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，本茨·科岑博士认为人们预计可以在火星上种植很多食物，甚至可以捕鱼，所以他认为这个项目是非常有前景和希望的。故选A。 J （2022·安徽·中考真题） The Search-for-Lost-Birds list has come to public attention recently. It lists ten kinds of birds that have not been seen in the wild for at least fifteen years. The list is calling on people to search for the rarest (最珍稀的) birds on Earth. There could be several reasons for the long disappearances of the birds on the list. Maybe there have been no studies in areas where they live. Maybe people don’t know where or how to find them. Maybe there are changes to their natural homes because of human activities. This year, four expeditions (考察队) are planning to find eight kinds of birds. If any of these lost birds are found, ways can be found to protect them and help their populations grow. This has happened with birds like the Madagascar pochard. The number of this once-lost kind of bird is now increasing. 1．How many kinds of birds are on the Search-for-Lost-Birds list? A．Four. B．Eight. C．Ten. D．Fifteen. 2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Changes of the living areas of the birds. B．Suggestions on how to protect the birds. C．Reasons for the disappearances of the birds. D．Steps of building natural homes for the birds. 3．What can we learn about the Madagascar pochard? A．It has not been found till now. B．It has a larger population than before. C．It needs to live close to humans. D．It provides protection for other birds. 4．What is the best title (标题) for the text? A．Ways to Raise Rare Birds B．Bird-lovers Around the World C．Searches for the Lost Birds D．Stories About Birds in the Wild 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了人类采取措施寻找那些已经消失在人类视野中的鸟类，帮助它们繁衍后代。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据“It lists ten kinds of birds that have not been seen in the wild for at least fifteen years”可知，它列出了至少15年没有在野外看到的10种鸟类，故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据“There could be several reasons for the long disappearances of the birds on the list”可知，此段介绍了这些鸟类消失的原因，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“This has happened with birds like the Madagascar pochard. The number of this once-lost kind of bird is now increasing”可知，这种鸟类的数量现在正在增长，故选B。 4．最佳标题题。本文主要讲述了人类采取措施寻找那些已经消失在人类视野中的鸟类，帮助它们繁衍后代，所以C选项“寻找消失的鸟儿”符合本文标题，故选C。 K （2022·安徽·中考真题）    Have you ever seen lions dancing in the streets? The lions dance to the beat of a drum (鼓). Of course, they are not real lions. They are dancers in lion costurnes (服饰). Lion dancing first started in China centuries ago. It is meant to bring good luck in the coming year. Usually, a lion is made up of two dancers. One dancer controls the head. The other controls the tail. “I think of it as a sport,” says Anthony Huang, aged 16. He is a member of the New York Chinese Freemasons Athletic Club. Anthony performs (表演) as the lion’s head. It can weigh 20 pounds. Lion dancing is important to Anthony. “This tradition really lifts me up,” he says. In the past, lion dancing was performed mostly by men. But it is different today. LionDanceMe is a lion dancing group in San Francisco, California. There are boys and girls on its team. They dance together. “Anyone can take up lion dancing. You have to believe that you can do it,” says Ananda Tang-Lee, a 17-year-old girl. Lion dancing will continue to evolve. But a team’s sense of community will never change. “We call it a family,” Ananda says, “It’s really great, because we always have each other’s backs.” 1．Why do people perform lion dancing? A．To sell lion-dancing costurnes. B．To wish for a lucky new year. C．To protect the lions in the wild. D．To show skills of playing the drum. 2．Which role does Anthony play in lion dancing? A．The lion’s head. B．The lion’s tail. C．The drummer. D．The dresser. 3．What does the underlined word “evolve” mean? A．延期 B．模仿 C．举办 D．演变 4．What can we infer (推断) from Ananda’s words “We call it a family”? A．They bring happiness to the family. B．They call lion dancing a family game. C．They live together in a big family. D．They support each other like a family. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国的传统舞狮，它在不断地演变，也获得了很多人的喜爱。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据“ It is meant to bring good luck in the coming year.”可知舞狮意在来年带来好运。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Anthony performs (表演) as the lion’s head”可知他扮演狮头。故选A。 3．词义猜测题。根据“In the past, lion dancing was performed mostly by men. But it is different today”以及“Lion dancing will continue to evolve”可知舞狮过去只有男性扮演，现在男性和女性都可以，说明舞狮在不断地演变，故此处划线部分意为“演变”。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“We call it a family,” Ananda says, “It’s really great, because we always have each other’s backs”可知他们把它叫作家庭，因为他们总是互相支持。故选D。 A （2026·安徽阜阳·模拟预测） According to the latest survey, China is facing a serious aging problem. In recent years, the birth rate (出生率) has still been low. In 2024, only 9,540,000 babies were born. By 2040, about 30% of China’s population will be over 60, making the aging problem worse. To solve this big problem, China has taken some action. For example, the Chinese government has carried out rules to make sure the elderly have enough money to live on. At the same time, community care centers have been built, offering basic medical checks to keep the old people healthy. Across China, many people are also helping. Li Dongmei, who has run a children’s school for 15 years, opened an elderly art center in Jinan last year. Now more elderly people take her classes than kids. Also, a Hebei store sells gifts for the elderly, and toy companies design special items like memory-improving puzzles (谜题) for them. Businesses are making changes too. These efforts create jobs for young people and help society care more about the elderly. Most importantly, people of all ages can live happily together. 1．According to the passage, what problem is China having? A．The high birth rate. B．The aging population. C．Little medical care. D．Few children’s schools. 2．What has the Chinese government done to solve the problem? A．By making rules to help the elderly live better. B．By building more schools for children for free. C．By opening more art centers for the old people. D．By building more houses for the young people. 3．The underlined word “items” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________. A．food B．clothes C．products D．books 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．The Low Birth Rate in China B．Special Art Classes for Old People C．Ways to Help the Elderly in China D．The Future of China’s Population 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍中国严峻的老龄化现状，同时从国家政策、普通民众、企业行业三个层面，介绍国内应对老龄化的各类举措及其积极意义。 【详解】 1．根据文章第一段第一句“According to the latest survey, China is facing a serious aging problem.”可知，中国正面临严重的人口老龄化问题。 2．根据文章第二段第二句“For example, the Chinese government has carried out rules to make sure the elderly have enough money to live on.”可知，政府通过制定规则来保障老年人的生活。 3．根据文章第三段最后一句“…toy companies design special items like memory-improving puzzles for them.”可知，玩具公司设计的是像谜题这样的特殊“物品/产品”。 4．通读全文可知，文章首先指出中国面临人口老龄化问题，随后重点介绍了政府、个人和企业为帮助老年人所采取的各种措施和行动。 B （2026·安徽合肥·三模） As we celebrated the 2026 Spring Festival, Chinese astronauts on the Tiangong space station were also celebrating: They grew fresh tomatoes in their “space vegetable garden” successfully. The tomatoes were able to grow in space thanks to an aeroponic cultivation system (雾培养系统) . This system turns water into a fine mist (薄雾) , which easily reaches and feeds the plants’ roots. Plants take in red and blue light to grow well, so the system uses red, blue, and white LED lights to help different fruits and vegetables grow. It also saves energy. “The result is this wonderful scene of space-grown tomatoes we have before us,” astronaut Zhang Hongzhang told Xinhua. Astronauts have also successfully grown other vegetables, such as lettuce, in the “space vegetable garden”. Instead of soil, they use a special substrate (基质) that takes in water well and helps send water to the plant roots. When astronauts need to change plants, they can easily move them without causing any harm. This is very useful in space because there is no gravity (重力) . Right now, the tomatoes are not only food for the astronauts on board, but they also bring joy with their look and smell. “Every time I pass by this area, I want to take a deep breath and enjoy the nice smell,” astronaut Wu Fei told Xinhua. 1．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The aeroponic cultivation system. B．The LED light system with red, blue, and white lights. C．The tomatoes grown in space. D．The special substrate used in space. 2．How does the substrate help plants grow according to Paragraph 4? A．It takes in light regularly. B．It can recycle useless plants. C．It helps water their roots easily. D．It can create Earth-like gravity. 3．Why are the space-grown tomatoes important? A．They offer both food and joy for the astronauts. B．They give astronauts a sense of being at home. C．They have become the main food for the astronauts. D．They help improve farming technology on earth. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To tell us how astronauts harvested fresh tomatoes in their “space vegetable garden”. B．To introduce the success of growing vegetables in China’s space station. C．To compare different ways of growing vegetables in space. D．To explain why astronauts choose to grow tomatoes in space. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍中国空间站航天员在太空菜园成功培育新鲜番茄，介绍雾培种植系统、专用基质等太空种植技术，同时说明太空蔬菜既可为航天员提供食物，也能带来精神愉悦。 【详解】 1．第二段整体介绍雾培系统，第三段“Plants take in red and blue light to grow well, so the system uses red, blue, and white LED lights to help different fruits and vegetables grow. It also saves energy.”，第三段的the system承接上文的aeroponic cultivation system，代词It指代前文的雾培系统。 2．第四段“Instead of soil, they use a special substrate that takes in water well and helps send water to the plant roots.”专用基质吸水性好，可便捷把水分输送到植物根部。 3．第五段“Right now, the tomatoes are not only food for the astronauts on board, but they also bring joy with their look and smell.”太空番茄既能作为航天员的食物，又能凭借外形与香气带来愉悦。 4．第一段“They grew fresh tomatoes in their ‘space vegetable garden’ successfully.”；第四段“Astronauts have also successfully grown other vegetables, such as lettuce, in the ‘space vegetable garden’.”全文围绕我国空间站成功栽种各类太空蔬菜展开，介绍种植技术与种植意义，主旨是介绍空间站蔬菜培育取得成功。 C （2026·安徽黄山·二模） The sun shines on the fishing-PV project in Zhulu Village, Anhui Province. Blue solar panels (太阳能光伏板) line up on the water. In the water, naturally raised fish swim happily. It shows that the model of “producing electricity above and raising fish below” is successful in both environmental protection and local development. The story began with a solar power (太阳能) plan. Working with a power company (公司), the village used about 890 mu of land to build a solar project. When the project started to produce electricity, it brought the village 800,000 yuan at once. But the village wanted to make better use of the land. Village leaders thought the water under the panels should not be wasted. After learning from other successful projects and testing the water, they began to raise fish. They chose several kinds of fish and let them grow naturally without man-made food. The solar panels stopped strong sunlight. They kept the water temperature good for small plants to grow. These plants became food for the fish. Later, the project became bigger. The village increased the area to more than 1,000 mu. Catching fish brought the village more money. Every year, the solar panels make lots of clean electricity and help protect the environment. At the same time, fish waste helps plants grow, achieving a healthy cycle (循环). In the future, Zhulu Village plans to make the fish area even larger. This project is a great example of green development. 1．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to (指的是)? A．The land. B．The test. C．The company. D．The project. 2．Which of the following is the correct order according to the text? ①The project covered an area of over 1,000 mu. ②The village started a solar power project. ③The project brought the village 800,000 yuan. ④The village raised fish to make better use of the land. A．①→④→③→② B．①→③→②→④ C．②→③→④→① D．②→③→①→④ 3．What does the success of the project show us? A．Solar power costs little. B．Big projects are always difficult. C．Green development is a win-win choice. D．Raising fish is a good way to be rich. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了安徽珠鲁村“上发电、下养鱼”的光伏养鱼项目，讲述该项目的建设过程、发展历程与生态优势，展现了乡村绿色发展的成功模式。 【详解】 1．第二段介绍光伏项目的收益：“When the project started to produce electricity, it brought the village 800,000 yuan at once.”，此处指代前文出现的solar project，说明划线词it指代这个项目。 2．根据文章叙事顺序：村庄先建设太阳能项目，项目投产为村庄带来收入，随后为充分利用土地开始养鱼，最后项目规模扩大至一千多亩，对应顺序为②→③→④→①。 3．文章最后一段点明主旨：“This project is a great example of green development.”，该项目兼顾环境保护与乡村经济发展，说明绿色发展是双赢的选择。 D （2026·安徽淮南·二模） When was the last time you gave or received a hug? Do your parents hug you before you go to school? In western countries, it is quite common to greet close friends or relatives with a hug. You might hug your teammates after winning a basketball game. If your friends are having a bad day, you can hug them to cheer them up. Friends who haven’t seen each other for a long time will usually hug each other when meeting. Of course, people in different countries have different opinions when it comes to hugging. After coming to China, I’ve noticed that people are generally more reluctant (不情愿的) to hug than they are in my home country, the US. My Chinese friends told me that hugging is considered to be very intimate (亲密的) in their culture. It usually only happens between people who are really close to each other, like couples. Chinese people don’t usually hug in public, either. But people’s attitudes (态度) towards hugging can also change. I remember watching a video story about a “hugging party” that was held in Shanghai. A local artist held the party, inviting strangers and asking them to hug each other. The Chinese participants (参与者) clearly looked uncomfortable. However, after the party, several of them changed their minds. They decided that hugging doesn’t have to be awkward (令人尴尬的) and can actually be quite nice. So next time you see your mom or dad, give them a hug-see how it makes you feel. 1．What usually happens between good friends when meeting in western countries? A．Hugging. B．Nodding. C．Shaking hands. D．Bowing. 2．In Chinese culture, hugs usually happen between ________. A．friends B．classmates C．couples D．strangers 3．What did people do at the “hugging party”? A．They were invited to hug each other. B．They watched a video about hugging. C．They told stories about hugging. D．They were taught about hugging. 4．The writer wrote the last paragraph to ________. A．encourage people to be nice to strangers B．explain why people feel uncomfortable while hugging C．show how people can change their minds about hugging D．tell the reason why people need to hug each other 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要对比中西方对于拥抱这一肢体礼仪的不同态度，介绍拥抱在不同文化里的使用场景，同时举例说明人们对拥抱的看法是可以改变的。 【详解】 1．根据文章第一段中的“In western countries, it is quite common to greet close friends or relatives with a hug.”可知，在西方国家，好朋友见面时通常会互相拥抱。 2．根据文章第四段中的“It usually only happens between people who are really close to each other, like couples. Chinese people don’t usually hug in public, either.”可知，在中国文化中，拥抱通常发生在关系非常亲密的人之间，比如情侣。 3．根据文章第五段中的“A local artist held the party, inviting strangers and asking them to hug each other.”可知，在“拥抱派对”上，人们被邀请互相拥抱。 4．根据文章最后一段中的“However, after the party, several of them changed their minds.”可知，作者写最后一段主要是通过参与者的经历，展示人们如何改变对拥抱的看法。 E （2026·安徽芜湖·二模） A hundred years ago, there were about 200,000 lions living in the wild. But today, fewer than 20,000 are left. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), a group that protects nature, says lions are vulnerable. This means they might soon be in even bigger danger. What’s making lions disappear? There are four main problems. First, lions are losing their homes because more and more people build towns and farms, leaving lions with less space to live in. Second, fights between humans and lions happen often. When lions eat farmers’ cows or sheep, farmers will kill them to protect their animals. Third, lions are running out of food because the animals they hunt are getting harder to find. Fourth, illegal (非法的) hunting is a big threat, too. Some people hunt lions for fun, and others sell their bones for traditional medicine. In West and Central Africa, lions are in extra trouble. But there are ways to help them! In Kenya and Namibia, communities pay farmers when lions eat their livestock (牲畜), so farmers stop killing lions. Rangers use GPS collars to track lions and keep them safe. China bans (禁止) illegal lion product trade, supports African conservation projects and promotes global cooperation for lion protection. Saving lions isn’t just about lions. It helps all the animals in their homes like birds and insects. Every step to protect lions keeps the whole ecosystem alive. 1．What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Good at running. B．Easy to be hurt. C．Popular with people. D．Strong in nature. 2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Why lions are becoming fewer. B．What people trade lion bones for. C．Where lions can find enough food. D．How farmers protect their livestock. 3．What can we infer from the text? A．Birds and insects have no connection with lion habitats. B．China only helps protect lions by banning illegal trade. C．Lions will disappear completely in 10 years. D．Protecting lions helps the whole ecosystem. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了野生狮子数量锐减的现状，分析了导致狮子濒临消失的四大主要原因，并列举了肯尼亚、纳米比亚及中国等国家为保护狮子采取的措施，同时强调了保护狮子对维持整个生态系统的重要意义。 【详解】 1．根据第一段划线词后的句子“This means they might soon be in even bigger danger.”可知，vulnerable在此处表示狮子处于弱势、容易受到威胁或伤害的状态。选项B“Easy to be hurt”与此意相符。 2．第二段中“What’s making lions disappear?”，随后列举了栖息地丧失、人狮冲突、食物短缺和非法狩猎这四个主要原因。因此，本段主要讲述的是狮子数量减少的原因。选项A“Why lions are becoming fewer”概括准确。 3．根据文章最后一段“Saving lions isn’t just about lions. It helps all the animals in their homes like birds and insects. Every step to protect lions keeps the whole ecosystem alive.”可知，保护狮子有助于整个生态系统。选项D与此相符。 F （2026·安徽六安·模拟预测） ①Winter can be a difficult time for many people. The days are short, the weather is cold, and some people feel sad or tired more easily. Scientists call this “winter blues” or seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Can drinking coffee help improve our mood (心情) during winter? Some studies suggest that it might. ②A European study asked people about their coffee drinking habits in winter. Twenty percent of them said that drinking a few cups of coffee each day made them feel better. Another study found that 75 mg of caffeine (咖啡因) every four hours helped people stay in a good mood. ③More importantly, a large study in 2015 looked at research from 11 different studies with over 330,000 people. The results showed that drinking coffee might reduce the risk of depression (抑郁). In fact, each cup of coffee people drank every day lowered their risk of depression by 8%. The study found that drinking one to five cups of coffee daily could help lift people’s mood. ④However, a recent study showed different results. It found that one cup of coffee a day helped improve moods, but drinking more than that didn’t provide other advantages. ⑤So how does coffee help? As a stimulant, coffee can wake up our brains, give us energy, and make us feel warmer and happier. This is especially helpful during winter, when many people naturally feel slower and more tired. But coffee isn’t perfect. It can also make some people feel worried or nervous. It can also make it harder to fall asleep, especially if you drink it late in the day. ⑥Scientists agree that coffee cannot cure (治愈) serious depression or SAD．But for people who just feel a bit down during winter, a cup or two of coffee might make them feel better and more active. Remember, drinking too much coffee may cause problems like feeling nervous or sleeping poorly. 1．What did the study in 2015 find about coffee? A．Coffee worked better than other drinks. B．Only five cups of coffee a day were helpful. C．Drinking coffee could cause depression. D．Coffee might lower the risk of depression. 2．What does the underlined word “stimulant” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Something that makes people sleepy. B．Something that is often added to coffee. C．Something that helps people stay calm. D．Something that makes our bodies more active. 3．How does the writer develop the text? A．By explaining how caffeine works in the brain. B．By listing research results and giving advice. C．By comparing different studies on caffeine. D．By telling stories of people with “winter blues”. 4．What’s the structure of the text? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文介绍了咖啡对冬季情绪的影响，列举了多项研究结果，并给出了适量饮用咖啡的建议。 【详解】 1．第三段指出：“drinking coffee might reduce the risk of depression”，说明咖啡可能降低抑郁风险。 2．第五段中“stimulant”意为“刺激物”，结合后文“wake up our brains, give us energy”，说明是让身体更活跃的东西。 3．文章通过第二段“A European study asked...”、第三段“a large study in 2015 looked at...”、第四段“a recent study showed...”列举多项研究结果，并在最后一段给出建议“Remember, drinking too much coffee may cause problems...”，因此作者通过“listing research results and giving advice”来展开文章。 4．文章结构为：第一段提出问题，第二至五段列举研究结果并解释原理，第六段总结建议，符合“总—分—总”结构。 G （2026·安徽·模拟预测） Running is good exercise, but some people often say, “Running is bad for the knees.” Is that true? Running isn’t bad for the knees as long as people do it in the right way. A study found out that runners had fewer knee problems than walkers. Why? Running helps build up muscles and cartilage (肌肉和软骨) around the knee joint (关节) . Another study followed marathon (马拉松) runners before and after their races. The result was pretty surprising: the runners’ knee cartilage was stronger after the race, and they had a lower chance of developing joint problems than those who didn’t run at all. Actually, running itself isn’t bad for our knees, but if we don’t do it right, it can cause problems. First, run with bad form. Taking too big steps or letting knees bend inward (向内弯曲) are both bad for the knees. Second, overuse the knees. Running too much, too fast, or without rest can cause knee problems. Third, run on hard ground. It’s bad for the knees, especially if we’re doing long runs or running very fast. To keep our knees healthy while running, we just need to train smart. Small changes in our running habits can make a big difference. 1．What did the second study show? A．People who never ran had healthier knees. B．Running could make the knee cartilage stronger. C．Training was very important for marathon runners. D．Runners had a higher chance of developing joint problems. 2．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．The causes of knee problems. B．Suggestions for long runs. C．Ways of warming up before running. D．The effects of running on knee health. 3．What will the writer probably talk about next? A．The good points of running. B．The best time for running. C．Common running mistakes we make. D．Suggestions for smart training in running. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 【导语】本文讨论了跑步对膝盖的影响，指出正确跑步不仅不会伤害膝盖，反而有益于膝关节健康，并分析了错误跑步方式可能带来的问题。 1．第三段指出研究结果：“the runners’ knee cartilage was stronger after the race”，说明跑步能使膝盖软骨更强健。 2．第四段列举了三种错误的跑步方式：“run with bad form”“overuse the knees”“run on hard ground”，这些都是导致膝盖问题的原因，因此本段主要讲“膝盖问题的原因”。 3．最后一段指出：“To keep our knees healthy while running, we just need to train smart.”，说明接下来可能介绍“关于跑步中聪明训练的建议”。 试卷第1页，共3页 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $