外刊英语阅读汇编-2027届高三英语二轮阅读理解专项练习（十九）

**基本信息** 高三英语二轮阅读理解专项，精选2026年时事新闻，涵盖健康科普（热浪适应、睡眠与体重）、科技突破（宇树手术机器人）、社会经济（远程办公）主题，通过细节理解、推理判断等题型训练高考核心能力。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解选择题|16题|健康科普（热浪适应、睡眠与体重）、科技新闻（手术机器人）、社会经济（远程办公）|情境具时代性（如宇树机器人手术突破），问题分层次（细节题如Passage1第1题，推理题如Passage4第4题），贴合高考真题趋势（注重科技与社会议题）|

2027届高三英语二轮阅读理解专项练习 2026年时事新闻类（十九） 语篇目录： Passage 1 热浪来袭，还有吹空调之外的选择吗 Passage 2 睡得少的人，更易长胖吗 Passage 3 宇树手术机器人手术新突破 Passage 4 远程办公，正在吃掉初级岗位吗 一、阅读理解 Passage 1 How to Adapt Your Body to Extreme Heat 体裁：健康科普说明文｜难度：★★★★☆ England’s football team set up camp in West Palm Beach, Florida, on June 1st, almost two weeks before the start of the 2026 World Cup. That was so the players, many of whom were used to training in the mild climate of Britain, could adapt to the blistering heat of the host nations. But as July brings western Europe’s third heatwave of 2026, even those not competing in elite sports might wonder how they can train appropriately to beat the heat. Preparing for heat requires exposure to heat. That increases levels of blood plasma—the watery stuff which carries blood cells around the body—meaning the heart does not have to work as hard to pump blood, and can beat in a more leisurely manner for longer. More plasma also improves blood flow to the skin. There, tiny sweat glands release water and electrolytes onto the skin’s surface, whence the water evaporates, cooling the body. As the body adapts to heat it lowers the temperature at which perspiration begins, as well as the amount of electrolytes lost. The best way to bring about such changes is “controlled hyperthermia”. Unfortunately, that involves being locked in a heat chamber for 90 minutes and monitored with a rectal thermometer. In the sweltering heat, participants spend 30 minutes exercising to raise their core body temperatures to a target value—usually 38.5°C. The next hour is then spent alternating between exercise and rest to keep their temperature fixed at the target. And you have to repeat this daily for five to seven days. Few people, however, have a heat chamber—or the necessary monitoring equipment—in their living room. Fortunately, scientists have devised methods more appropriate for everyday life. The simplest is to exercise outside in the heat, says Neil Maxwell, an environmental physiologist at the University of Brighton. “That will naturally acclimatise you.” Even better is to add a hot bath. A study published in 2016, in the Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, found that 40 minutes on a treadmill in 18°C heat followed by 40 minutes in a hot bath, daily for six days, improved several measures of acclimatisation. In fact, as a study published in April in Healthcare found, hot baths alone can do the trick. This work, which looked at healthy adults aged over 65, showed that an hour a day in a 40°C bath produced signs of acclimatisation after just four days. Simply immersing yourself in hot water brings about the necessary increased core temperature, says Laura Wilson of Middlesex University, who led this research. Acclimatisation is not permanent. “If you don’t keep exposing yourself to heat, then you’re going to start losing the adaptive benefits,” says Dr Maxwell. Still, only a few days of training are needed in the lead-up to a heatwave. The evidence suggests 75-80% of adaptations build up in the first four to seven days. Heat can be dangerous. And acclimatisation is not immunity. The usual risks from heat still apply. “Try and replace 150% of the fluid you lose during any kind of session” to acclimatise, says Dr Wilson. “If you’re starting to feel faint or dizzy or lightheaded, take yourself out of the environment.” But when done safely, some simple tactics could help take the edge off the weather. 阅读题目 1.What can we learn about “controlled hyperthermia”? A. It can be easily carried out at home by ordinary people B. People need to keep their body temperature below 38.5°C C. It demands repeated daily training for nearly a week D. It only relies on long-time exercise without rest breaks 2.What is the advantage of taking hot baths for heat adaptation? A. It works even without outdoor exercise B. It suits young athletes better than seniors C. It takes six days to show obvious effects D. It helps people lose much weight quickly 3.What does the study of people over 65 prove? A. Old people cannot stand long-time outdoor training B. Separate hot baths are effective for heat acclimatisation C. High temperature will cause dizziness among the elderly D. 18°C environment is perfect for elderly people’s exercise 4.What is the best title for the text? A. England Football Team’s Training for the World Cup B. Scientific Ways to Help Your Body Adapt to Heat C. Hidden Dangers Brought by Extreme Heatwaves D. Differences Between Various Heat Adaptation Studies Passage 2 Less Sleep, More Sitting, Extra Weight 体裁：健康科普说明文｜难度：★★★★☆ Less time sleeping may mean more time sitting down—and more weight gained, according to a new study. The research, published in Annals of Internal Medicine on Monday, found that getting just 90 minutes less sleep each night for six weeks led study participants to sit around more and gain weight. This study included 95 people who typically slept seven or eight hours each night. After the six weeks of sleep deprivation, however, the participants had gained about a pound, on average, and their sedentary time had increased by an average of 17 minutes. Men and postmenopausal women became the most sedentary, spending an average of 30 extra minutes sitting each day. This isn’t the first time researchers have connected sleep to weight, and particularly to obesity. In fact, not getting enough shut-eye is linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease and other health problems, and more sedentary people are also at higher risk for chronic diseases. But many previous studies exploring sleep and weight have been conducted in labs—meaning they often take place over just a few days—and have involved far more drastic reductions in sleep, such as allowing participants a mere four hours of sleep over three days. Short sleep-restriction studies don’t reflect the effects of chronic behavior that leads to these issues, says Marie-Pierre St-Onge, the study’s senior author and a professor of nutritional medicine at Columbia University Irving Medical Center. She argues that a six-week experiment conducted outside the lab and involving milder sleep restrictions is a more accurate representation of the realities of chronic mild sleep deprivation, which roughly 30 percent of adults experience, according to the authors. “It’s a more naturalistic experiment, it more closely aligns with what we see, and it provides a message that’s directly applicable to what people actually feel,” she says. In separate studies involving the same participants, she and her team have found that a decrease in sleep can raise the risk of type 2 diabetes and heart problems among certain groups. The study stands out because it shows that lack of sleep is both associated with excess weight and that it causes weight gain, says Jean-Philippe Chaput, a senior scientist at the Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, who studies sleep health and obesity and was not involved in this research. “It shows what we already know in a more robust study design,” Chaput says. One pound of weight gain over six weeks may not seem like a lot, Chaput adds, but it could become more significant if participants kept the same habits for many more months or years. St-Onge hopes to focus her future research on potential interventions and the positive impact of getting enough sleep, she says. “It’s easy to say that if you restrict your sleep, you have bad health outcomes. But the goal in life is not to do something bad to see if it has bad outcomes,” she says. “The goal in life is to do something good and then determine if it has healthful outcomes. So I think we should do a lot more of that now that we know that short sleep is not good.” 阅读题目 1.Which group of people spent the longest extra sitting time in the research? A. Young adults sleeping less than 6 hours daily B. Men and postmenopausal women C. People who took part in earlier lab tests D. Patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases 2.Why does the writer mention those former lab studies in Paragraph 2? A. To prove all past studies about sleep are unreliable B. To highlight the advantages of the new six-week research C. To explain why people tend to suffer from serious obesity D. To show scientists have lost interest in short-term experiments 3.What is St-Onge’s attitude toward future sleep research? A. She will keep carrying out strict sleep restriction experiments. B. She intends to explore the benefits of sufficient sleep. C. She doubts whether sleep can really affect people’s body weight. D. She plans to cut the research time to several days for convenience. 4.How is the text organized? A. Present study result → compare with former research → experts’ comments → research prospects B. Introduce health risks → list different diseases → offer practical solutions → draw conclusions C. Raise a question → give several examples → provide scientific data → put forward warnings D. State a common phenomenon → analyze its roots → carry out experiments → call for actions Passage 3 Humanoid Robot Completes Groundbreaking Live Surgical Tests 体裁：科技新闻说明文｜难度：★★★☆☆ A research team from the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) has marked a landmark achievement in global medicine by using a modified G1 humanoid robot to carry out two minimally invasive gallbladder removal operations on live pigs. This lightweight machine, built by Chinese tech firm Unitree Robotics, is nicknamed Surgie. Their research paper was officially published in Nature on July 8, drawing wide attention from medical and tech industries worldwide. The team designed two distinct test operations to verify the robot’s stability. In the first trial, a single Surgie unit handled the surgery while a human surgeon was on standby to provide support when needed. In the second test, two synchronized Surgie robots completed the full procedure without continuous human guidance, marking the first time teleoperated humanoid machines have performed such complex live surgical procedures. Dr. Ryan Broderick, interim director of the Center for the Future of Surgery at UC San Diego, told reporters, “As a proof of concept, it absolutely worked.” Conventional surgical robot systems cost millions of dollars and require fully customized operating rooms. Surgie, by contrast, costs roughly $13,500 and weighs just 27 kilograms. Its mechanical arms, with a reach of only 450 millimeters, fit neatly inside standard small operating rooms, with no facility renovations required before use. This low-cost design tears down financial barriers that once limited advanced minimally invasive treatment to major metropolitan hospitals. Even so, the robot comes with clear limitations ahead of human testing. The surgical team must pause frequently to readjust the robot’s arms, which extends total surgery time during trials. Besides, its narrow arm reach makes large, complicated procedures unfeasible for now. The UCSD research group has not shared a definite timeline for clinical trials on human patients. Researchers argue Surgie will reshape global medical services over time. “You can imagine this device being deployed on a ship, in a village somewhere, in a smaller operating environment that's not in major cities,” said Dr. Shanglei Liu, a colorectal surgeon at UC San Diego. “And it opens up, I think, a lot of doors for access.” It could be deployed to isolated rural clinics, battlefield medical stations or hospital ships out at sea to ease the worldwide shortage of qualified surgeons. 阅读题目 1.What is the difference between the two trials of Surgie? A. The first one used live pigs while the second one tested on humans. B. The second one finished surgery without constant human guidance. C. Only one robot was put into use to finish the whole second trial. D. Human surgeons offered no help at all during the first trial. 2.What can we infer about the present state of Surgie robot? A. It has been widely used in rural hospitals across the world. B. Scientists have fixed all its weak points for human clinical use. C. It cannot deal with huge and complex medical operations now. D. Researchers have arranged exact time for human surgery tests. 3.What is Dr. Ryan Broderick’s attitude to Surgie’s two trials? A. Doubtful B. Positive C. Worried D. Uninterested 4.What is the main idea of the whole passage? A. A low-cost humanoid surgical robot made by a Chinese firm achieves major medical breakthroughs B. The world’s first robot gallbladder removal surgery on humans was published in Nature C. Various shortcomings of the new Surgie robot restrict its wide medical application D. Conventional expensive surgical robots will be completely replaced soon Passage 4 Why Junior Workers Face Hiring Shortage: Remote Work Not AI 体裁：社会经济议论文｜难度：★★★★☆ Graduates and other new entrants to the world of work have had a rough few years. A cool labour market for everyone has been icy for the youngest, with hiring of junior workers lagging the more experienced across a wide range of countries. The early-career hiring pullback has been especially pronounced in white-collar work — software and other tech roles foremost among them — leading observers to point to an obvious culprit: the rise of AI tools that can perform much of the work typically done by juniors, but are less able to replace the accumulated knowledge and experience of seasoned professionals. But a paper published last week suggests the particular woes of young would-be knowledge workers may not be due to AI, or at least not as much as assumed. What other large recent shock could tick the same boxes — hurting junior hiring more than senior, affecting knowledge work roles more than blue-collar jobs and hitting young coders especially hard? The authors Peter John Lambert and Yannick Schindler have a fascinating counter-proposal: the take-off of remote work. The theory is persuasive. Early-career workers require more supervision than experienced hires, and build important skills, knowledge and social capital by observing and working alongside senior colleagues. Working from home adds friction to these processes, making entry-level workers more costly to bring on board in terms of time and resources and slowing their prospects for promotion. As such, the rise of remote work has worsened the trade-off for hiring entry-level workers, while leaving the calculus for senior hires unchanged. The evidence fits the theory. Lambert and Schindler analysed hundreds of millions of new hires and job postings and found that although both occupational exposure to AI and remote working rates line up with the outsized pullback in junior hiring, the link with AI evaporates once you account for whether a role is remote. In other words, it only looks like AI is behind the hiring crunch for junior software developers because coding jobs are also disproportionately done remotely. Jobs less exposed to AI but amenable to remote work (eg lawyers) have also seen weak junior hiring; roles with high AI exposure but an emphasis on in-person work (eg receptionists) have held up better. None of this rules out AI as a threat to younger workers — remote work may even be a risk factor for AI displacement, since managers who mainly interact with reports over Slack may view their work as more automatable. The process may also be indirect: companies struggling to train and manage remote juniors may set a higher bar when hiring for these roles, with unfilled posts compounding into the trend we see in the data. But whatever the mechanism, Lambert and Schindler’s results are the latest evidence that for all the attention paid to the impact of AI, the take-off of remote work has been a hugely consequential and often under-discussed shift, with significant and unexpected impacts on the economy and society. 阅读题目 1.What function does the first paragraph serve in the whole text? A. To put forward the new research conclusion directly B. To list various solutions to youth employment problems C. To introduce the common public misunderstanding to be corrected D. To summarize the long-term influence of remote work on labour market 2.Compared with senior employees, what disadvantage do junior workers have under remote work mode? A. They cannot gain guidance and practical experience efficiently B. Their salaries drop sharply after shifting to home office C. Their work is more likely to be fully replaced by AI tools D. They are forbidden to communicate with senior colleagues online 3.What is the writer’s purpose of mentioning receptionists in Paragraph 4? A. To prove AI has little influence on service industry jobs B. To offer evidence supporting the core opinion of the research C. To explain why many in-person jobs will soon disappear D. To show reception work is easier to finish remotely 4.What can we infer about the relationship between remote work and AI displacement risk? A. Remote work completely eliminates the replacement risk brought by AI B. Remote working environment may increase the possibility of AI replacing juniors C. Managers in remote teams ignore AI’s ability to automate routine work D. Companies will stop using AI if they carry out offline office systems 阅读理解参考答案 Passage 1 How to Adapt Your Body to Extreme Heat 答案解析 标准答案：1.C 2.A 3.B 4.B 1. C 细节理解题 定位第三段末尾：控制性高热训练需要连续5–7天每日重复训练，对应“持续近一周训练”。 A错误：普通人家里没有高温舱与监测设备，无法在家操作； B错误：训练目标是将体温升至38.5℃，而非低于该温度； D错误：训练过程需要运动与休息交替，并非只运动不休息。 2. A 细节理解题 定位第四段：研究证实仅靠泡热水澡即可完成热适应，无需户外运动，对应A选项。 B错误：实验对象为65岁以上健康老人，并非更适合年轻人； C错误：仅4天即可出现明显适应效果，而非6天； D错误：全文未提及热水澡有减重效果。 3. B 推理判断题 定位第四段后半部分：针对65岁以上人群的实验证明，单独热水浸泡可有效实现人体高温适应。 A、C、D均无原文依据，属于无中生有。 4. B 主旨大意题 文章以英格兰球队高温集训为引入，讲解人体热适应生理原理，介绍专业高温训练、普通人户外锻炼、热水浴等科学防暑适应方法，B完美概括全文。 A仅为开篇引子，非主旨；C仅提及高温风险，片面；D仅为局部实验对比，不能概括全文。 Passage 2 Less Sleep, More Sitting, Extra Weight 答案解析 标准答案：1.B 2.B 3.B 4.A 1. B 细节判断题 定位第一段最后一句：男性和绝经后女性久坐增加时间最多，日均多坐30分钟。其余选项无原文依据。 2. B 例证作用题 第二段介绍以往实验室研究的缺陷：周期短、睡眠剥夺极端、脱离现实。作者对比旧研究，突出本次六周长期、温和、贴近真实生活的新研究更具参考价值。 A绝对化错误，并未全盘否定旧研究；C、D完全偏离段落论证目的。 3. B 人物态度题 定位最后一段：St-Onge 表示未来研究不再聚焦“伤害性睡眠剥夺实验”，而是重点研究充足睡眠带来的积极健康效益。 A、C、D均与原文表述完全相反。 4. A 文章结构题 全文行文逻辑清晰： ① 展示最新研究结果（少睡→久坐→增重）； ② 对比以往传统实验室研究，凸显新研究优势； ③ 两位专家对研究价值进行点评； ④ 展望未来研究方向。对应A选项结构。 Passage 3 Humanoid Robot Surgical Tests 答案解析 标准答案：1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A 1. B 细节理解题 定位第二段：两次实验核心差异：第一次手术需要医生随时待命支援；第二次两台机器人同步作业，无需持续人工指导即可完成全程手术。 A错误：两次实验对象均为活猪，未进行人体实验； C错误：第二次使用两台机器人； D错误：第一次有医生待命协助。 2. C 推理判断题 定位第四段：机器人机械臂活动范围有限，目前无法开展大型、复杂的外科手术。 A错误：尚未大规模投入临床与乡村医院使用； B错误：机器人仍存在诸多缺陷，未完全修复； D错误：研究团队未公布人体临床试验的具体时间。 3. B 人物态度题 Dr. Ryan Broderick 原话：“As a proof of concept, it absolutely worked.”（作为概念验证，本次实验完全成功），态度积极、肯定。 4. A 主旨大意题 全文核心：中国宇树科技研发的低成本、轻量化人形手术机器人，完成突破性动物微创手术，对比传统设备优势显著，同时阐述现存局限与广阔医疗应用前景。 B错误：未进行人体手术；C仅为局部缺陷，非主旨；D“完全取代”过度推断，原文无依据。 Passage 4 Why Junior Workers Face Hiring Shortage 答案解析 标准答案：1.C 2.A 3.B 4.B 1. C 段落功能题 第一段抛出大众普遍误解：年轻人初级岗位招聘遇冷是AI替代导致。后文全文推翻该观点，论证真正核心原因是远程办公。因此首段作用：引出待纠正的公众认知误区。 2. A 细节比较题 定位第三段：职场新人主要依靠线下观摩、协作资深员工积累技能、经验与人脉。远程办公阻碍这一学习过程，新人无法高效获取指导与实操经验。 B、D无原文依据；C并非远程办公带来的独有弊端。 3. B 写作目的题 第四段采用对比论证： ① 低AI影响、可远程的律师岗→初级招聘疲软； ② 高AI影响、必须线下的前台岗→招聘稳定。 举例是为了佐证文章核心观点：远程办公而非AI导致新人就业难。 4. B 深层推理题 定位最后一段原文：remote work may even be a risk factor for AI displacement（远程办公会增加AI替代基层员工的风险）。管理者线上管理员工，更容易判定其工作可被自动化取代。 A完全消除风险、C管理者忽视AI、D企业停用AI，均与原文相悖或无依据。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $