Unit1语法讲解及习题：一般现在时与一般过去时的被动语态2026-2027学年鲁教版（五四学制）英语九年级上册

该初中英语单元知识清单系统梳理了鲁教英语（五四学制）九年级Unit1一般现在时与一般过去时被动语态内容，涵盖概念辨析、构成规则、变形细则、常用场景及易错重难点五大知识范畴，为学生搭建了从“主动被动概念区分”到“时态结构应用”再到“场景化句式转换”的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“公式表格+例句拆解+专项题型”三维呈现知识体系，如用表格对比两种时态被动构成及否定、疑问句式，标注“感官动词被动还原to”“不及物动词无被动”等重难点，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。设计分梯度习题（填空、选择等）并附详细解析，如“Paper was invented in ancient China”结合单元发明话题，助力不同学生高效掌握，教师可直接用于语法教学与巩固训练。

鲁教英语（五四学制）九年级Unit1语法讲解及习题： 一般现在时与一般过去时的被动语态 一、语法系统讲解 （一）主动语态与被动语态概念 1. 主动语态：主语发出动作，结构：主语 + 谓语（主动形式）+ 宾语 例：People invent new machines.（人们发明新式机器。主语 people 发出 invent 这个动作） 2. 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者，也就是动作被施加在主语身上，多用于不知道动作执行者、侧重动作对象、客观介绍事物（本单元发明类话题高频用法）。 核心翻译：…… 被…… （二）两种时态被动语态基本构成 时态 被动语态公式 否定式 一般疑问句式 一般现在时 am /is/are + 过去分词 am/is/are + not + 过去分词 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词？ 一般过去时 was /were + 过去分词 was/were + not + 过去分词 Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词？ 变形细则 1. 单数主语、不可数名词用 is / was；复数主语、you 一律用 are / were；I 搭配 am (现在)/was (过去)。 2. 过去分词：规则动词直接加 - ed；不规则动词需要特殊记忆（invent—invented；send—sent；find—found 等，本单元重点词汇）。 （3） 例句 1. 一般现在时被动 New types of cameras are used in daily life. 新式相机被应用在日常生活当中。 2. 一般过去时被动 Paper was invented in ancient China. 纸张在古代中国被发明。 （四）被动语态常用场景 1. 不清楚动作发出者：The small device is widely used.（没人点明是谁使用） 2. 侧重物品本身属性，课文介绍发明、科技首选被动语态，对应本单元话题 3. 动作执行者需要引出时，借助介词by + 动作发出者 例：The telephone was invented by Bell.（电话由贝尔发明，源自教材习题原句） （五）易错重难点辨析 1. 感官动词、使役动词（make、see、hear、feel 等）主动语态省略 to，变为被动语态必须还原 to 主动：People make the machine work. 被动：The machine is made to work. 2. 不及物动词没有被动语态：happen、appear、take place、rise、occur，不能写成 be done 形式 错误：An accident was happened yesterday. 正确：An accident happened yesterday. 3. 时态区分标志词 · 一般现在时被动：every day, usually, often, always · 一般过去时被动：in + 过去年份、yesterday、long ago、in ancient times （六）句式拆解 原句 1：A mini-camera is connected to the front of the glasses.（一般现在被动，is+connected） 原句 2：A radio message was sent across the Atlantic Ocean for the first time in 1901.（过去年份，was+sent，一般过去被动） 二、专项练习题 题型一：用所给动词适当形式填空 1. The telephone _________(invent) by Alexander Bell in 1876. 2. People all over the world _________(connect) to each other through the internet every day. 3. The word “robot” _________(introduce) for the first time in a play in 1920. 4. It wasn’t supposed to make such a loud noise when the button _________(press) to start the machine. 5. It is believed that the world’s oldest wheel _________(find) in Eastern Europe many years ago. 6. The Qinghai-Xizang Railway _________(complete) in 2006. 7. Now many new inventions _________(show) in the science exhibition every year. 8. This kind of high-speed train _________(produce) in China now. 9. These useful ideas _________(need) to solve technical problems all the time. 10. Lots of ancient inventions _________(keep) well in museums hundreds of years ago. 11. Modern tools _________(make) by 3D printers at present. 12. This special bridge _________(build) to protect wild animals in 2008. 题型二：单项选择题 1. Many great inventions _________to change people’s life every year. A. create B. are created C. created D. were created 2. The paper _________by Cai Lun in ancient China. A. invents B. invented C. was invented D. is invented 3. —When _________this kind of camera _________? —Ten years ago. A. is; used B. was; used C. does; use D. did; use 4. Look! New types of transport _________on show in the hall now. A. are put B. put C. were put D. puts 5. This machine _________to cut materials every day. People _________it widely. A. uses; use B. is used; use C. was used; used D. used; are used 6. Important messages _________across the ocean by radio in 1901. A. sent B. were sent C. are sent D. send 7. These rules _________to protect inventors now. A. make B. made C. are made D. were made 8. Nobody knows when the first wheel _________. A. was found B. found C. is found D. finds 9. The workers make the new equipment work.（改为被动语态）→The new equipment _________to work. A. makes B. is made C. was made 10. The phrase take place _________used in passive voice, for it is an intransitive verb phrase. A. can be B. is C. was D. cannot be 11. All the useful ideas _________into real products in modern society. A. turn B. are turned C. turned D. were turned 12. A large number of trains _________in this factory every year. A. produce B. produced C. are produced D. were produced 题型三：句型转换 1. Workers connect the camera with the machine.（改为一般现在被动语态） 2. Bell invented the telephone in 1876.（改为一般过去被动语态） 3. People use 3D printers to make many kinds of goods.（改成否定形式的被动句） 4. They built this special railway in 2006.（改为一般疑问句，被动语态） 5. We turn creative ideas into new inventions every year.（对主语 creative ideas 划线提问，改写为被动句式） 题型四： 判断句子对错，错误写出正确句子 1. The accident was happened on the railway last month.（） 2. This useful tool is invented two hundred years ago.（） 3. These machines were made to serve people every day.（） 3、 参考答案解析 题型一：用所给动词适当形式填空 1. 答案：was invented 解析：时间 in 1876 为过去时间，主语单数，选用一般过去时被动语态。 2. 答案：are connected 解析：every day 为一般现在时标志，主语为复数，全世界的人依靠网络被联系在一起。 3. 答案：was introduced 解析：in 1920 属于过去年份，单词 robot 作主语，表达 “机器人这个词汇被引入剧本”。 4. 答案：was pressed 解析：主句时态为一般过去时，按钮只能被人按下，使用一般过去时被动语态。 5. 答案：was found 解析：many years ago 代表过去，车轮是被人们发现；find 属于不规则动词，过去分词为 found。 6. 答案：was completed 解析：青藏铁路于 2006 年修建完成，主语为单数，时态定位一般过去被动。 7. 答案：are shown 解析：every year 标记一般现在时，各类发明展品在展会中被展出。 8. 答案：is produced 解析：now 对应一般现在时，这款高铁由中国制造，主语为单数。 9. 答案：are needed 解析：all the time 表示一直，创意想法被人们用来解决各类技术难题。 10. 答案：were kept 解析：hundreds of years ago 为过去时间，多项古代发明被博物馆妥善保存。 11. 答案：are made 解析：at present 意为目前，现代器械由 3D 打印机制作而成。 12. 答案：was built 解析：2008 是过去年份，这座特种桥梁被修建用以保护野生动物。 题型二：单项选择题 1. 答案：B 解析：every year 提示一般现在时，发明只能被人类创造，选用一般现在被动语态。 2. 答案：C 解析：in ancient China 指代古代，动作发生在过去，纸张被蔡伦改良，使用一般过去被动。 3. 答案：B 解析：答语 Ten years ago 表明时态为一般过去，相机被投入使用，被动结构 was used。 4. 答案：A 解析：now 为现在时标志，交通工具被陈列在展厅，主语为复数，be 动词选用 are。 5. 答案：B 解析：第一空机器无法自主发出动作，用被动 is used；第二空 people 可以主动发出动作，采用主动语态。 6. 答案：B 解析：in 1901 为过去时间，讯息依靠无线电被传送，复数主语搭配 were sent。 7. 答案：C 解析：now 代表当下，法规被制定出来用来保护发明者，一般现在被动语态。 8. 答案：A 解析：车轮被人类发掘，这件事发生在久远过去，使用一般过去被动 was found。 9. 答案：B 解析：every day 暗含常态，make 在被动结构中必须补充不定式 to，结构为 be made to do。 10. 答案：D 翻译：短语 take place不能够用于被动语态，因为它属于不及物动词短语。 解析：take place（发生、举行）没有被动形式，不能构成 be done 结构，因此选 cannot be。 11. 答案：B 解析：modern society 指代现代社会，创意被转化为实物，every year 体现常态，用一般现在被动。 12. 答案：C 解析：every year 是一般现在时标识，大量列车在工厂被生产，复数主语搭配 are produced。 题型三：句型转换 1. 参考答案：The camera is connected with the machine (by workers). 解析：将原句宾语 the camera 挪至句首充当主语，采用一般现在被动；动作执行者 workers 可借助 by 引出，也可以直接省略。 2. 参考答案：The telephone was invented by Bell in 1876. 解析：原宾语 the telephone 作主语，时态为一般过去，执行者 Bell 用介词 by 引导。 3. 参考答案：Many kinds of goods aren’t made by 3D printers. 解析：一般现在时被动的否定形式直接在 be 动词 are 后面加上 not。 4. 参考答案：Was this special railway built by them in 2006? 解析：一般过去时的疑问句需要把 was 放置在句子开头，build 的过去分词为 built。 5. 参考答案：What are turned into new inventions every year? 解析：划线部分为主语，指代事物，疑问词选用 what，整体保留被动句式。 题型四：判断正误，改错 1. 答案：×；改正：The accident happened on the railway last month. 解析：happen 是不及物动词，不存在被动语态，直接使用主动形式即可。 2. 答案：×；改正：This useful tool was invented two hundred years ago. 解析：two hundred years ago 代表过去时间，be 动词应当使用 was，而非 is。 3. 答案：×；改正：These machines are made to serve people every day. 解析：every day 表示日常常态，时态选用一般现在时，be 动词改为 are。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $