Unit1语法讲解及习题：定语从句（Attributive clauses）2026-2027学年冀教版英语九年级上册

本初中英语讲义聚焦限制性定语从句核心语法，系统梳理基本概念、关系代词（who/whom/which/that）用法、特殊情况（不定代词等用that，介词前置用which/whom）及省略规则，构建从基础理解到进阶应用的学习支架。 资料通过表格对比关系代词适用场景、多样化题型（单选、补全短文等）及解题技巧总结，助力学生提升语言运用能力与逻辑思维品质。真实情境短文（如Lu Hong事迹）增强学习代入感，课中辅助教师系统授课，课后帮助学生通过习题解析查漏补缺，培养自主学习能力。

冀教英语九上Unit1语法讲解及习题： 定语从句（Attributive clauses） 本单元核心语法：限制性定语从句，引导词主要为who / which / that，拓展whom。定语从句本质是用一句话修饰名词 / 代词，被修饰的名词叫作先行词，连接主句与从句的词称为关系代词。 一、语法详细知识点梳理 （一）基本概念 定语从句放在名词后，用来限定、解释前面名词的特征，位置分为前置定语、后置定语，从句形式全部后置。 例：She has a wheelchair which she controls with her mouth. 先行词：a wheelchair（事物）；关系代词 which，指代先行词，在从句中作宾语。 （二）四个常用关系代词用法 关系代词 适用先行词 在从句所作成分 备注 who 人 主语、宾语 只能指代人，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略 whom 人 宾语 正式用法，介词后面只能使用 whom，日常口语可用 who 替换 which 事物 主语、宾语 指代物品、事件，作宾语可省略 that 人 / 事物 主语、宾语 通用性最强，绝大多数场景可以替换 who、which 1. who（先行词为人） 作主语，不可省略 例句：People who keep healthy habits can relieve pressure easily. （拥有健康习惯的人可以轻松排解压力。先行词 people，who 在从句充当主语） 作宾语，可以省略 例句：The doctor who you met just now gives lots of health advice. 2. whom（先行词为人，只作宾语） 多用于书面，介词之后必须用 whom，不能用 who。 例句：The lady with whom I talked knows ways to stay positive. 3. which（先行词为事物） 可充当主语或宾语，作宾语能够省略引导词。 例句：This exercise which helps reduce stress is popular among students.（作主语，不可省） The diet which I prefer keeps my body balanced.（作宾语，可删掉 which） 4. that（既可指人，也可指物） 绝大多数普通限制性定语从句，that 可以替换 who、which。 例：The lifestyle that I choose keeps me staying healthy. （三）只能使用 that，不能用 which 的特殊情况（考点重难点） 1. 先行词为不定代词：all, everything, nothing, something, anything 等 例：There is nothing that can stop you from keeping healthy. 2. 先行词被序数词、最高级修饰 例：This is the best way that we can use to deal with pressure. 3. 先行词同时包含人和物 例：The people and sports that I love make my life full of energy. （四）只能用 which，不能用 that 的情况 介词置于关系代词前面时，只能选用介词+which，不能用 that；介词后指人固定搭配介词+whom。 正误对比： ✅ The sport in which I take part can build up my body. ❌ The sport in that I take part can build up my body. （五）关系代词的省略规则 关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时，who/which/that 均可省略；充当主语，引导词绝对不能省略。 1. 可省略：The fruit (that) I eat every day keeps balanced nutrition.（that 作宾语） 2. 不可省略：The fruit that supplies enough nutrition is apples.（that 作主语） 二、专项练习题 题型一：单项选择 1. Have you ever spoken to the people_________ live next door? A. who B. which C. whom D. whose 2. Here is the book_________ you were looking for. A. who B. which C. whom D. what 3. There is a program on TV_________ you might like. A. whose B. which C. who D. whom 4. What is the name of the woman with_________ you just spoke? A. who B. that C. whom D. which 5. People_________ do sports regularly can stay in good physical condition. A. which B. who C. whose D. where 6. The balanced diet_________ my doctor recommends helps me keep fit. A. / B. who C. whom D. whose 7. This is the most useful suggestion_________ can help teenagers solve stress problems. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 8. Everything_________ brings us physical health deserves our attention. A. which B. whose C. who D. that 9. The exercise in_________ I take part every morning reduces my pressure. A. that B. which C. who D. whom 10. The coach_________ we learned healthy skills from has rich experience. A. which B. whom C. whose D. where 11. Those students_________ take enough exercise seldom feel tired mentally. A. which B. whom C. who D. whose 12. The lifestyle and people_________ I meet shape my ideas about health. A. that B. which C. who D. whom 13. Is there any habit_________ you want to change to keep healthy? A. who B. that C. whose D. whom 14. The young lady to_________ I gave health advice is my classmate. A. who B. which C. whom D. that 15. A positive mind_________ we need can protect us from bad moods. A. which B. who C. whom D. where 单选答案与解析 1. A 先行词 the people 指人，从句缺少主语，选用 who。 2. B 先行词 the book 是事物，从句缺宾语，which 指代物品。 3. B 先行词 program 为事物，用 which 作从句宾语。 4. C 介词 with 前置，指人只能使用 whom。 5. B 先行词 people，关系代词在从句作主语，选 who。 6. A 先行词 diet，关系代词在从句充当宾语，that/which 可以省略，故此空不填。 7. B 先行词被形容词最高级 the most useful 修饰，只能用 that。 8. D 先行词为不定代词 everything，关系词只用 that。 9. B 介词 in 提前，指代事物只能用 which，不能用 that。 10. B 先行词 coach 指人，关系代词作 from 的宾语，选 whom。 11. C 先行词 students，从句缺少主语，使用 who。 12. A 先行词同时包含人与物，只能用 that。 13. B 先行词由 any 修饰，限制性从句优先使用 that。 14. C 介词 to 置于关系词前方，指人必须用 whom。 15. A 先行词 mind 属于事物，which 在从句中作宾语。 题型二：用 who /which/that /whom 填空 可填多个答案，能够省略的位置标注斜线 / 1. The people_________ we chat with share ways to deal with pressure. 2. The sport_________ makes me relaxed is playing basketball. 3. The expert_________ gives us health lessons is very kind. 4. There is nothing_________ can damage your body if you keep good habits. 5. The vegetables_________ I eat every day supply plenty of vitamins. 6. The patient with_________ the doctor talked recovered soon. 7. This is the best method_________ we can use to stay positive. 8. Students_________ learn to adjust moods live a happier life. 9. The healthy diet_________ you told me about works well. 10. All_________ matters is your physical and mental health. 填空答案 + 解析 1. who/whom/that/；关系词作宾语，可以省略引导词 2. which/that；从句缺少主语，先行词为事物 3. who/that；先行词是人，在从句作主语，不可省略 4. that；不定代词 nothing 作先行词，只能用 that 5. which/that/；作从句宾语，引导词可省略 6. whom；介词前置，只能填写 whom 7. that；先行词被最高级 the best 修饰，只用 that 8. who/that；先行词 students，从句缺少主语 9. which/that/；关系代词充当介词 about 的宾语，可以省略 10. that；不定代词 all 作先行词，只能使用 that 题型三：选词补全短文 备选：A. who are handicapped B. which made him disabled C. that started as a small family business Lu Hong, a disabled entrepreneur, is from Jiangsu Province. Before one year old, he suffered from a high fever 1. He couldn’t speak well, and he had difficulty in walking. He was even called a fool by some kids. However, he didn’t give up learning. After he graduated, he failed many times to find a job. Later he set up a photo album factory. Step by step, the factory 2 developed to a formal enterprise. Now, more than half of his employees are people 3. He tried hard to provide them with a position so that they can shine. In 2022, he was awarded as one of the Top Ten People Touching China. 答案与解析 1. B 先行词 fever（事物），which 指代这场高烧，这场高烧造成他残疾。 2. C 先行词 factory，that 指代工厂，这座工厂最初只是小型家庭作坊。 3. A 先行词 people，who 引导从句修饰人群，指代残障人士。 题型四：句型改写（改写为定语从句） 1. I know the nurse. She tells us healthy living rules.（合并一句话） 2. The exercise is my favourite. I do the exercise every evening.（合并一句话） 3. The girl is my deskmate. You spoke with the girl just now.（用介词 + whom 改写） 参考答案 1. I know the nurse who/that tells us healthy living rules. 解析：先行词 the nurse 在从句作主语，不可省略关系代词。 2. The exercise (which/that) I do every evening is my favourite. 解析：关系代词充当宾语，可以省略 which/that。 3. The girl with whom you spoke just now is my deskmate. 解析：介词提前，指人只能使用 whom。 题型五：判断正误并改错（2 道） 1. There are many sports in that teenagers can reduce stress.（） _____________________________________________________________________ 2. The anything which helps us keep healthy deserves our attention.（） _____________________________________________________________________ 答案解析 1. ×；把 that 改为 which；介词置于关系代词前，不能使用 that。 2. ×；which 改成 that；先行词为不定代词 anything，只能用 that 引导定语从句。 三、本单元语法解题做题技巧总结 1. 第一步锁定先行词，区分先行词是人还是物品； 2. 第二步判断关系代词在从句充当主语还是宾语，主语不能省略引导词，宾语可省略； 3. 出现介词前置，指物选介词+which，指人选介词+whom； 4. 先行词为不定代词、最高级、序数词，直接选用 that。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $