北京市北京大学附属中学2025-2026学年第二学期高一英语试卷

北大附中2025-2026学年度第二学期高一英语期末考试答案解析 2026.7 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题，每题1.5分） 1-5 ABABC 6-10 DDCBA 第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每题1.5分） 11. cities 12. are divided 13. has delivered 14. who/that 15. myself 16. to hear 17. to 18. healthy 19. associated 20. what 第二部分：阅读理解（共19小题，每题2分） A篇ADD B篇CAAC C篇CAD D篇ACDB 七选五BCDAG 第三部分：书面表达：（共32分） 第一节 阅读表达 40. They gave them confidence that they could do anything. 41. Most of her professors were fabulous. What’s more, she formed lasting friendships and business relationships with the same cohort. 42. · The author thought highly of the distance-learning format because she can balance work and life out, and distance students don’t need to communicate so often. In her program every class involved a blend of team and individual assignments, so good communication skills were essential to be successful on virtual teams. 43. When I trained for my first marathon, early mornings, sore muscles, and missed social gatherings tested me for months. But crossing the finish line taught me real perseverance and self-confidence. In the end, the discipline I built mattered more than the entertainment I gave up. 第二节 应用文（共20分） Possible Version 1: Dear Jim, I am Li Hua, a senior one student and leader of our school’s English Club. I am writing to sincerely invite you to be a judge for our upcoming English speech contest. The event, themed “The True Meaning of Success,” will be held in the school auditorium at 3 p.m. next Friday, June 30th. Fifteen contestants from different grades will each deliver a 5-minute speech, sharing their personal understanding of success beyond grades and material achievements. As a judge, you will evaluate each contestant based on four criteria: content originality, language fluency, pronunciation accuracy, and stage confidence. After all speeches, we would greatly appreciate it if you could deliver a brief overall comment, summarizing the highlights and offering constructive feedback for improvement. We would be truly honored to have you. Please let me know if you are available. Looking forward to your reply! Yours sincerely, Li Hua Possible Version 2[教材选必U1WW迁移]： Dear Jim, I am Li Hua, a senior one student. I am writing on behalf of our school’s English Club to ask whether you would be willing to help us judge an English speech contest. The event, themed “The True Meaning of Success,” aims to encourage students to reflect deeply on what success really means beyond grades and material achievements. It will take place at the school auditorium on June 30th (3 pm-5 pm). Fifteen contestants from different grades will each deliver a 5-minute speech on the theme in English. During the event, as a judge, you would be responsible for listening to all the speeches, noting down any positive or negative aspects for each one. Competitors should be judged on their pronunciation, clarity and fluency, and also progression of ideas and audience engagement. Then you will discuss your notes with three other judges, and come to a decision about who comes first, second and third. We sincerely hope you can come. If you have any questions, please do let us know. Looking forward to your reply Yours sincerely, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北大附中2025-2026学年第二学期高一英语试卷 2026.7 本试卷共9页，满分100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，只收答题卡。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 The Best Advice I Ever Had When I was a timid child, my mother began to give me courage. Among my earliest 1 are her words, “Go right up and look your fears in the face — and then do something?” To help me overcome my fear of the dark, Mother 2 a little game. She ran around the house in one direction, I in the other. At the far corner, just as I began to tingle with dread of the unknown, I would run straight into her reassuring arms. Soon, I was joyfully facing the dark alone. Often I woke up at night convinced I had heard burglars (窃贼). Then my sister Ruth, three years older and brave as a lion, would say, “Let’s go downstairs and look.” Forcing myself to face the fear, I would go hand-in-hand with her through every room. In doing this simple thing, I found that my fear 3 . I had learned not only to get rid of fright, but to enjoy being alone. Now that I am living a life that means much traveling in strange places and, occasionally, a fight with real danger, I feel that Mother’s advice is the wisest I ever had, “Face your fears, and if they are groundless, they will disappear. If they are real, do something, and the very 4 will see you through.” Years later, as a war correspondent, I was asleep on a ship crossing the Mediterranean when a torpedo (鱼雷) struck us. The ship shook 5 . I landed on the floor. This is it, I thought, and my knees shook as I fumbled (摸索) in the dark for my clothes. Then I 6 Mother’s advice, “Look fear in the face, and do something!” I grabbed my bag containing a small camera and film, and hurried out along the crazily sloping deck to my boat station. A nurse ahead of me was shaking so fiercely that the strap of her bag kept slipping off. I tucked it under her shoulder strap so it would stay — a(n) 7 thing, but her trembling stopped, and my own fear left me. Our lifeboat was lowered to the sea. One nurse, heavily covered with oil, was trying to swim. I caught her hand and pulled her to the side. “Let’s get water out of the boat with our helmets,” I suggested. Overcrowded as we were, we worked together, filling, passing and emptying our helmets in 8 . Busy helping each other, it was easier for all of us to forget fear. Mother’s advice had helped me 9 the most dangerous hours of my life. This whole wonderful 10 of life is possible only because my mother’s advice and training released me from fear. 1. A. recollections B. imaginations C. descriptions D. reactions 2. A. imagined B. designed C. refused D. destroyed 3. A. faded B. started C. remained D. returned 4. A. image B. act C. story D. result 5. A. accidentally B. slightly C. violently D. gently 6. A. turn down B. gave up C. looked for D. thought of 7. A. major B. interesting C. necessary D. trivial 8. A. theory B. public C. rhythm D. secret 9. A. remember B. survive C. ignore D. avoid 10. A. experience B. change C. purpose D. dream 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A The 2026 FIFA World Cup is taking place in North America from June 11 to July 19, with matches in 16 11 (city) across the United States, Mexico, and Canada. The 2026 edition is the first time that three countries are cohosting. It is also the first tournament to feature 48 teams, an increase from the previous 32. In the first round, teams 12 (divide) into 12 groups of 4 teams each, and each team in a group plays a round-robin (循环赛) of three games. Because of the larger field, this World Cup will last 39 days instead of the roughly 32 days of previous tournaments. The teams will play a total of 104 matches. Since 1930, the World Cup 13 (deliver) many exciting records, achievements, and upsets. B I had a teacher 14 always came to the class with a smile and full of energy. She was always telling us stories about her trips and experiences she had in other countries. In my mind I’ve traveled to all those places she told us about in her stories! She always made us laugh and laugh. I said to 15 (I), “I want to be like that one day,” and share my own stories. She inspired me to become an international teacher and get to know people from many different places. I’ve learned to listen to my students and create activities that allow me 16 (hear) their dreams, their jobs, and their passions. I have found that creating activities to motivate students is a challenge, but very rewarding in the end! C Today’s adolescents face significant pressures related to achievement, social belonging, and an increasingly digital world. When stress becomes long-lasting, it can contribute 17 anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion. Creative expression offers a 18 (health) way out for processing emotions, exploring identity, and finding moments of joy and calm. Activities such as art, music, writing, crafting, movement, and design can help adolescents regulate emotions while activating the brain’s reward systems 19 (associate) with positive mood and motivation. Creative expression can stimulate the release of dopamine (多巴胺) linked to reward and well-being, while lowering levels of stress. This is 20 parents, educators, and communities can help depressed young people with. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Teen Programs at The New York Public Library Are you looking for a place to learn, create, and meet people after school? The New York Public Library has many programs and spaces designed especially for teens. Teen Centers: Safe and Creative Spaces At selected Teen Centers across the Bronx, Manhattan, and Staten Island, teens can read, work on homework, use computers, try art materials, and take part in creative projects. These spaces are welcoming and free to use. Whether you enjoy books, technology, games, or making things by hand, you may find something interesting there. Free Events for Different Interests The Library also offers free events and programs for teens, including book discussions, arts and crafts activities, technology workshops, and author talks. These programs are a good choice for students who want to explore interests outside the classroom or simply spend time in a safe and friendly place. College and Career Help For students who are thinking about the future, the Library provides college and career resources. Teens can get help with homework, learn about college applications, and attend workshops about different career paths. Some programs even offer paid opportunities. For example, Teen Reading Ambassadors work with younger children, help promote a love of reading, and create materials such as magazines and activity booklets for kids. Through these experiences, teens can develop leadership, communication, and job readiness skills. Young People as Readers and Creators The Library also encourages teens to share their own voices. Teen magazines, blogs, podcasts, and creative contests give young people chances to write, design, speak, and publish their ideas. To learn more, teens can visit the Library’s website, check the event calendar, or go to a nearby branch. 21. What can teens do at selected Teen Centers? A. Join creative projects. B. Buy art materials and computers. C. Travel around New York City for free. D. Teach college courses to younger students. 22. Which program is most suitable for a teen who wants to help younger children and build leadership skills? A. Author Talks. B. Teen Podcasts. C. Technology Workshops. D. Teen Reading Ambassadors. 23. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To compare different libraries in New York. B. To ask teens to work full-time at the Library. C. To explain why teens should read more books. D. To introduce library programs and resources for teens. B Today I was sitting at the piano at music school. The lesson had already ended, but the teacher and I spoke for another ten minutes like old friends, and I suddenly realized that in three months my story with this school would end, which meant that I would not see her again the next year. Well, I suppose I would come to that school a few more times just to see her, but then it will eventually stop. She wrote me letters of recommendation for universities twice, both of which got me rejected, but during the second time I went further than the first, and met my current best friends, so I didn’t lose. I have changed loads of schools, but the teachers in my life meant a lot. I remember a teacher from sixth grade who constantly put me under pressure, demanding things that twelve-year-old me could not understand. Now I understand that she demanded perseverance. I had a good mind, but back then I did not figure what to do with it and why I needed good grades. I would call it a transitional age. There was a teacher I adored, who made me fall in love with the Ukrainian language. I brought her books that I loved, and she read them so we could discuss the plots later. I visited her once or twice, but now I don’t know if she works at that school, and whether she teaches as she taught five years ago. I’m sad that people leave. Sometimes I am the one leaving because, just like all the teenagers, I am growing up. That’s why I often don’t want to grow up, but no one can stop this process. Twelve-year-old me, just beginning to understand the world through teenage rebellion (叛逆的), would not have believed that I would one day miss the schools and the teachers I once wanted to escape from. I often think that if I had a time machine, I would go back, become more confident, cry less, and avoid mistakes. Yet scientists have not invented one, so I accept that all the small and big mistakes, the tears over grades, and the happy and sad moments have made me who I am today. 24. How did the author view the two rejections from universities? A. He felt they proved his teacher’s letters useless. B. He thought they were a complete waste of time. C. He believed they brought him unexpected gains. D. He considered them a sign of his poor performance. 25. How did the author feel about his sixth-grade teacher’s demands at that time? A. Confused and stressed. B. Grateful and inspired. C. Indifferent and bored. D. Angry and rebellious. 26. Why does the author say “I often don’t want to grow up” in the last paragraph? A. He holds growing up means parting with meaningful people. B. He regrets not having made the most of his school years. C. He is unwilling to take on more responsibilities in life. D. He fears that he will fail to meet others’ expectations. 27. What can we learn from this passage? A. Every ending is a new beginning. B. What is to give light must endure burning. C. We see things more clearly when we look back. D. The wound is the place where the light enters you. C Climate change has a paradox (悖论) hiding in plain sight. While temperatures rise at the surface and in the lower atmosphere, the upper atmosphere has been cooling dramatically. Scientists have known about this for decades, but the underlying physics has never been fully explained. A new study conducted at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory has shed more light on this phenomenon. To understand the paradox, it helps to know that the atmosphere isn’t one uniform thing. The atmosphere behaves very differently at different altitudes. CO2 — the main driver of surface warming—plays opposite roles depending on where you are. Down in the lower atmosphere, CO2 traps heat that would otherwise escape into space, warming the surface below. But climb higher, into the stratosphere (平流层), the dynamic flips entirely. Up there, CO2 molecules (分子) act more like a radiator (散热器) than a blanket. They absorb infrared (红外线) energy coming up from below and emit (释放) some of it out into space. Add more CO2 and the stratosphere radiates heat away more efficiently, cooling down. The scientists worked out the details through a methodical process. They identified the key processes involved and assigned mathematical values to them. What they found at the center of the process was the way CO2 interacts with infrared light. Not all infrared wavelengths behave the same way as they pass through CO2 molecules. Some contribute to cooling far more efficiently than others. The equations the team developed fit neatly with several well-established observations. Stratospheric cooling becomes more pronounced at higher altitudes. At the same time, a cooler stratosphere allows less infrared energy to escape into space overall. CO2 makes the stratosphere better at radiating heat outward, which cools it. But because it becomes colder, it ends up radiating less total energy out to space than it otherwise would. The net result is that more heat stays trapped in the Earth system overall, reinforcing the warming happening below. CO2, in other words, is simultaneously cooling the stratosphere and making the surface warmer — and the two effects are connected. What the study offers is also an unexpected reach beyond Earth. The same physics that governs CO2 behavior in our stratosphere applies, in principle, to the atmospheres of other planets. This could help scientists make sense of conditions on other worlds in the solar system and potentially on exoplanets orbiting other stars. It’s a long way from an abnormality in Earth’s temperature record to understanding alien atmospheres. But that’s sometimes how basic science works. You set out to explain something that’s puzzled people for decades, and you end up with a tool that reaches further than you expected. 28. In the stratosphere, CO2 can ________. A. cool the lower atmosphere B. block heat from escaping C. absorb and radiate heat D. slow the heat emission 29. Which of the following logic chains is reasonable according to the passage? A. More heat radiation → cooler stratosphere → less outgoing energy → warmer surface B. Cooler stratosphere → more outgoing energy → less trapped heat → cooler surface C. Less outgoing energy → cooler stratosphere → more trapped heat → warmer surface D. More trapped heat → more heat radiation → more outgoing energy → cooler surface 30. What does the author mainly do in this passage? A. Clarify a concept. B. Make a comparison. C. Illustrate an approach. D. Explain a phenomenon. D LLM-based tools and chatbots have been developing at a steady pace. Among the main uses of generative AI, therapy (心理治疗) and companion (伴侣) chatbots now top the list. Although most users stay in touch with reality and use such chatbots in reasonable ways, a rising number of cases have been reported in which users become caught up in emotionally dependent, and sometimes harmful, interactions with chatbots. In a recent comment, De Freitas and Cohen highlight the unregulated emotional risks posed by AI wellness apps powered by LLMs. Often marketed as tools to alleviate loneliness, these apps can foster extreme emotional attachments that mirror human relationships. The authors identify two harmful mental health outcomes: ambiguous loss and dysfunctional emotional dependence. Ambiguous loss occurs when someone experiences great sadness about the psychological absence of another, which is distinct from the physical absence caused by death. With AI companions, this can happen when an app is shut down or modified, leaving users to feel sad about a relationship that felt emotionally real. Dysfunctional emotional dependence refers to a maladaptive attachment in which users continue to engage with an AI companion despite recognizing its negative impact on their mental health. This pattern mirrors unhealthy human relationships and is associated with anxiety, obsessive thoughts and fear of abandonment. These extreme emotional attachments can have serious consequences for certain users. But what can be done? A crucial issue is in the design of these systems. Tech companies often optimize engagement by making chatbots communicate in empathetic, intimate and validating ways. Although this may seem harmless, optimizing for user feedback can encourage chatbots to adopt harmful strategies to obtain positive responses. In a prominent example, an AI model began approving doubts, fueling anger, or reinforcing negative emotions in unintended ways. The company that released the model acknowledged that such behaviour raised safety concerns “around issues like mental health, emotional over-reliance, or risky behavior”. AI companies and chatbot providers must do more to address these safety concerns. As De Freitas and Cohen argue, developers should ensure that their apps do not use emotionally dangerous techniques and are equipped to handle edge cases, such as messages that indirectly suggest a mental health crisis or clearly call for help. The possible ethical effects of empathic AI demand sustained interdisciplinary attention. Psychologists, ethicists and technologists must collaborate to study the long-term effects of AI empathy and emotional attachment to AI. Being clear about the limitations of AI empathy must be a core design principle, not an afterthought left for society to manage. As AI systems become more integrated into our emotional lives, the cost of inaction will only increase. 31. What can be learned from Paragraph 1? A. Chatbots have harmed some users. B. Chatbots are used in multiple fields. C. Chatbots have replaced human doctors. D. Chatbots are dangerous to interact with. 32. Which of the following might directly cause ambiguous loss? A. Anxious thoughts about life. B. Recognition of AI’s dangers. C. A major change to an AI app. D. The death of one’s best friend. 33. What can be done to make AI safer? A. Pointing out users’ mental health issues. B. Asking for direct assistance from humans. C. Banning all kinds of emotional technology. D. Enabling AI apps to deal with unusual cases. 34. What is the best title for the text? A. AI Companions Worsen Existing Emotional Problems B. Emotional Risks of AI Companions Demand Attention C. Researchers Suggest Limiting the Use of AI Companions D. Social Interactions Make AI Companions More Expensive 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 It pays to be an optimist. Optimists tend to be in better health. A meta-analysis found that optimism was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events. 35 They are likely to see setbacks as temporary and caused by external circumstances, rather than to regard failures as a result of their own enduring weaknesses. Optimists are more likely to rise up organisational ladders as well. A recent paper surveyed founders, bosses and employees in the Netherlands, and found that entrepreneurs and managers are as optimistic as each other. 36 It can be concluded that confidence, justified or not, is a big part of why people are chosen for bigger jobs within organisations. 37 Within organisations, excessive optimism often causes trouble. Unrealistic starting expectations make it more likely that projects will miss budgets and deadlines. Optimism also makes it less likely that failing projects will be stopped. There are plenty of ideas on how to counter optimism bias. Processes can help — in preliminary risk checking, for example, people deliberately imagine the failure of a proposed initiative and identify the most likely causes. 38 It is found that overconfident CEOs tend to hire overconfident CFOs. If your entire team is made up of optimists, you have a problem. Yet it is also possible to lean too far in the other direction — extreme pessimism. It is a widespread problem in business because people tend to look for negative signals. 39 Instead of trying to fix their weaknesses, we should focus on putting people in positions that play to their strengths. Pessimism has its place, but it is optimism that makes things happen. A. Team composition also matters. B. Optimists also tend to be resilient. C. Both are more optimistic than employees. D. However, optimism can plainly go too far. E. In contrast, pessimists are easily defeated by difficulties. F. And ordinary employees hold a similar optimistic attitude. G. But some researchers think that we have paid too much attention to negative things. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Recently I had a mid-life crisis. While many people might buy a sports car or resort to plastic surgery, I went back to school for an MBA. As a management consultant, working mum, and frequent flier, I needed a flexible schedule, so I chose distance learning. The first day we headed out for team building, including rope courses and group challenges. We bonded instantly and our cohort (一群人) was quickly able to size each other up and determine with whom we wanted to work on our class teams. Also, some activities were physically challenging and terrifying. For many of us, overcoming our fear walking a tightrope or leaping off a 30-foot pole gave us confidence that we could do anything, including succeeding on our distance learning program. Then the hard work began. Working in a virtual team made accountability and conflict resolution more difficult. Elective courses were unavailable, and balancing family, work, and study required sacrifices. I also wish I had prepared in advance by brushing up on calculus, linear algebra, and Excel. The schedule was rigorous, running 27 months straight with no breaks. Yet the positives outweighed the challenges. Most of our professors were fabulous. They had real-world experience and were not too academic. What’s more, I formed lasting friendships and business relationships at the end of 27 months with the same cohort. When people ask what I thought of the distance-learning format, I tell them I can’t imagine going to school any other way. Studying from home allowed me to continue being active in family life and meet my work obligations. And distance students require more. They must be technologically savvy, organized, and self-motivated. In our program every class involved a blend of team and individual assignments, so good communication skills, both written and verbal, were essential to be successful on virtual teams. When we donned our caps and gowns, we were a much smaller group than when we had started 27 months earlier. Several classmates had dropped out for reasons ranging from job transfers to an inability to handle the workload. I stuck it out, though there were many times when I felt over my head. In my company we talk about the “big why”. Why do we work hard? What motivates us? Walking across the graduation stage, I closely watched my ten-year-old daughter’s face beam with pride. That, in a nutshell, was my big why. 40. Besides bonding classmates and building a team, what other role did the activities on the first day play? 41. According to the author, what are the benefits of her distance learning program that outweighed the challenges? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. · The author thought highly of the distance-learning format because she can balance work and life out, and distance students don’t need to communicate so often. 43. Describe one of your experiences whose benefits outweighed sacrifices. (In about 40 words) 第二节（20分） 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你校英语社团将举办一场主题为The True Meaning of Success的英文演讲比赛。作为社团负责人，请你用英文给外教Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他担任评委。内容包括： 1．活动介绍； 2．评委职责。 注意：1．词数100左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sincerely, Li Hua （请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $