2027年中考英语一轮复习之七八年级核心考点精讲精练专题三 数词与介词
七八年级核心考点精讲精练
【涉及教材单元】
七上 Starter:基数词 1—100、时间介词 in/on/at
七上 Unit 1 A new start:序数词、日期表达、编号表达
七下 Unit 3 Food matters:数量与价格表达
七下 Unit 6 Hitting the road:by + 交通工具
八上 Unit 1 This is me:年龄表达(at the age of /in one’s twenties)
八上 Unit 4 Digital life:方式介词 by/with/in
八下 Unit 3 What makes a great team?:方位介词 across/through/over
【考点精讲】
基数词表示人 / 事物数量。百以内规律清晰,百位以上加 and。
分类 | 例词 |
1—12(独立单词) | one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve |
13—19(后缀 - teen) | thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen |
20—90 整十(后缀 - ty) | twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety |
21—99(十位 - 个位连字符) | twenty-one, thirty-two, ninety-nine |
百位以上(百位 + and + 后两位) | 103 → one hundred and three;2,000 → two thousand |
序数词表顺序,多数基数词 + th,特殊变形单独记忆。
变化规则 | 示例 |
一般直接加 - th | four→fourth;six→sixth;ten→tenth |
t 结尾只加 - h | eight→eighth |
词尾去 e 加 - th | nine→ninth |
ve 结尾变 f,再加 - th | five→fifth;twelve→twelfth |
整十 y 变 ie,再加 - th | twenty→twentieth;thirty→thirtieth |
不规则特殊变化 | one→first;two→second;three→third |
- 缩写规则:阿拉伯数字 + 序数词末尾两字母
first→1st;second→2nd;third→3rd;fourth→4th;twenty-first→21st - the 用法
① 表正常顺序:序数词前加 the
the first lesson;the second floor
② 表 “再一、又一”:用不定冠词 a/an
I want to read the book a third time. 我想再读一遍这本书。
- 年份:基数词,两位一组朗读
2026 → twenty twenty-six;2000 → two thousand - 日期:月份基数词,日期序数词
书写:May 4th;朗读:May the fourth /the fourth of May - 时刻:全部用基数词
8:15 = eight fifteen /a quarter past eight
8:30 = eight thirty /half past eight
8:45 = eight forty-five /a quarter to nine
- at the age of + 基数词
He started learning English at the age of seven. - in one’s + 整十复数(…… 多岁)
in his twenties 在他二十多岁时
两种格式,名词 + 基数词更常用
Lesson One = the first lesson
Room 205(读作 Room two o five)
Page 10(读作 Page ten)
- 分数:分子基数词,分母序数词;分子>1,分母加 s
1/3 one third;2/3 two thirds
1/4 one quarter /one fourth;3/4 three quarters
- 百分数:基数词 + percent(永久不加 s)
25% twenty-five percent - 主谓一致规则:谓语单复数由 of 后名词决定
Two thirds of the students are from the city.(students 复数→are)
70 percent of the water is polluted.(water 不可数→is)
五、hundred /thousand/million /billion 用法
口诀:有数不加 s,无数加 s 加 of
使用场景 | 结构 | 例句 |
前面有具体数字 | 数字 + hundred/thousand…(无 s、无 of) | three hundred students |
模糊约数、无具体数字 | hundreds/thousands…+of + 名词(加 s、加 of) | hundreds of students |
错误示范:three hundreds students /hundred of people
正确示范:three hundred students /hundreds of people
- A is three times as big as B. A 是 B 的三倍大
- A is three times bigger than B. A 比 B 大三倍
- A is three times the size of B. A 是 B 的三倍大
介词不能单独作成分,必须搭配名词 / 代词 / 动名词构成介词短语,作状语、定语、表语。
介词 | 使用场景 | 例句 |
in | 长时间段:年、月、季节、世纪、泛指早中晚 | in 2026;in May;in summer;in the morning |
on | 特指某一天 / 某天的早中晚(带修饰词) | on May 4th;on Monday morning;on a cold day |
at | 具体时刻、短时间点 | at 8:00;at noon;at night;at the moment |
since | 从过去时间点持续到现在(现在完成时) | since 2020;since last year |
for | 持续一段时间(现在完成时) | for two years;for three weeks |
补充规则:
this/that/next/last/every 修饰时间词,前面不加介词
I will go to Beijing next week.(不加 in)
区分:
in the morning(泛指早晨)
on a cold morning(有天气修饰,特指某天早上)