Unit 1 单词讲解 2026-2027学年外研版英语九年级下册

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了外研版九下Unit1核心词汇，涵盖动词、名词、形容词等多类词性及翻译、军事、职业等主题，搭建了从基础词义理解到核心搭配掌握，再到考点解析与语境应用的递进式学习支架。 清单以“核心搭配+重点考点+语境例句”三维架构呈现知识体系，通过词形关联（如translate→translation→translator变形链）、易混辨析（如borrow/lend/keep用法对比）等设计，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。特别标注写作高频词（如praise）、必考搭配（如join the army），不同基础学生可高效突破难点，教师能据此优化教学环节，提升课堂实效。

外研英语九下Unit1单词讲解 单词 核心搭配 重点考点 例句 translation /tr ns le n/n. 翻译;翻译作品,译文 1. the translation of a novel 小说译本 2. free translation 意译 1. 动词形式为 translate 2. 派生词 translator(译者,指人),translation(译文,指事物) 1. This translation of the poem reads beautifully.(这份诗歌的译文读起来十分优美。) 2. I can’t understand this English translation.(我看不懂这篇英文译文。) praise /pre z/v. 称赞,赞扬 1. praise sb. for sth. 因某事赞扬某人 2. win high praise 赢得高度赞誉 该词兼具动词、名词词性,是写作高频好词 Our teacher praised me for my careful translation.(老师夸赞我这份翻译做得很用心。) translator /tr ns le t /n. 翻译(者),译员 1. a professional translator 专业译员 2. work as a translator 从事译员工作 词根 translate v. 翻译;区分易混词汇:translate(动作)、translation(文稿)、translator(人) She wants to become a famous translator in her lifetime.(她立志一辈子做一名知名译员。) Japanese / d p ni z/adj. 日本的 1. Japanese culture 日本文化 2. Japanese articles 日文文稿 1. 可作名词,含义为日语、日本人 2. 表示日本人时单复数同形 I need to translate some Japanese passages today.(我今天需要翻译几段日文文本。) force /f s/n. 军队 1. air force 空军 2. armed force 武装军队 拓展动词含义:强迫;固定结构 force sb. to do sth. 逼迫某人做某事 Lots of young people hope to serve in the air force.(许多年轻人希望在空军服役。) air force 空军 1. join the air force 加入空军 2. members of the air force 空军军人 固定短语,对应 army(陆军),属于成对记忆词组 His elder brother chose the air force after graduation.(他的兄长毕业后加入了空军。) army / mi/n. 陆军 1. join the army 参军 2. serve in the army 在陆军服役 短语 join the army 为必考搭配,中间必须加定冠词 the Many boys dream of joining the army when they grow up.(不少男孩梦想长大之后参军。) translate /tr ns le t/v. 翻译,译 1. translate A into B 把 A 翻译成 B 2. translate poems 翻译诗歌 变形考点:translate translation (n.) translator (n.) Can you translate this short passage into Chinese?(你可以把这段短文翻译成中文吗?) borrow / b r /v. 借用 1. borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借入某物 2. borrow dictionaries 借阅词典 易混辨析:borrow 借入;lend 借出;keep 长时间借用 I borrow a Japanese dictionary from the translator.(我向这位译员借了一本日语词典。) awaken / we k n/v. 激发起,唤起 1. awaken old memories 唤起旧日回忆 2. awaken people’s interest 激发人们的兴趣 多用于书面语,常搭配情感、回忆等抽象名词 This old story awakens my love for foreign language.(这个老故事唤起了我对外语的热爱。) classic / kl s k/adj. 经典的 1. classic literature 经典文学作品 2. classic poems 经典诗歌 易混派生词 classical,classical music 古典音乐,为中考高频辨析点 This classic book has many different translations.(这本经典著作拥有多个译本。) standard / st nd d/adj. 标准的,规范的 1. standard language 标准用语 2. standard form 规范格式 也可作名词,意为 “标准”,常用搭配 meet the standard 达到标准 You have to use standard words when doing translation.(做翻译时必须使用规范用语。) original / r d n l/adj. 原先的 1. original text 原文 2. original writing 原作 名词 origin 意为起源;副词形式 originally,表示起初 I prefer the original work rather than its translation.(比起译本,我更加偏爱原版原文。) language / l w d /n. 语言,语言文字 1. foreign language 外语 2. body language 肢体语言 表示多种语种时可变为复数 languages A good translator needs to master several languages.(一名优秀译员需要掌握数门语言。) poet / p t/n. 诗人 1. modern poet 现代诗人 2. a talented poet 富有天赋的诗人 变形区分:poem(单首诗歌),poetry(诗歌统称) This great poet asked someone to translate his works.(这位伟大的诗人找人翻译自己的诗作。) flight /fla t/n. 飞行,飞翔 1. the flight of birds 鸟儿翱翔 2. a long flight 长途飞行 动词原形 fly,不规则变形 fly-flew-flown We watched the flight of seabirds above the path.(我们看着海鸟在小径上空飞翔。) path /p /n. 小径,小道 1. a narrow path 狭窄小路 2. the path beside the river 河边小路 复数形式 paths;多指野外小路,区别 road(公路) An old fisherman walked slowly along the path.(一位老渔夫沿着小路缓步前行。) fisherman / f m n/n. 钓鱼者 1. a hard-working fisherman 勤劳的渔夫 2. two fishermen 两名渔民 复数为 fishermen,同类变形 policeman-policemen The fisherman wrote short poems in his spare lifetime.(这名渔夫一辈子闲暇时都会写小诗。) afloat / fl t/adj. 漂浮的 1. stay afloat 漂浮在水面 2. keep afloat 维持漂浮状态 大多在句中作表语,引申义为勉强维持生计 The small wooden boat stays afloat on the water.(这艘小木船漂浮在水面之上。) steal /sti l/v. 偷,窃取 1. steal sth. from sb. 偷窃某人财物 2. steal money 偷钱 不规则动词变形:steal-stole-stolen Nobody will steal anything on this quiet path.(这条僻静的小路上不会发生偷窃行为。) count /ka nt/v. 重要,有价值 1. Every effort counts. 每一份努力都有意义 2. count on sb. 依靠某人 中考重点:除 “数数” 外,“具备价值” 为高频考点 It is your spirit that really counts.(真正有价值的是你的内在品格。) master / m st /n. 大师 1. a master of literature 文学大师 2. translation master 翻译界大师 一词多义,还可作动词,表示精通、熟练掌握 He became a translation master during his lifetime.(他耗费毕生光阴成为一名翻译大师。) perfectly / p f ktli/adv. 完美地 1. finish the task perfectly 圆满完成任务 2. perfectly correct 完全正确 词根 perfect 为形容词,意为完美的 She perfectly finished the whole translation work.(她完美地完成了全部翻译工作。) lifetime / la fta m/n. 一生,终生 1. during one’s lifetime 在某人一生中 2. lifetime career 毕生事业 合成名词,由 life 和 time 构成 The poet devoted his whole lifetime to writing.(这位诗人将自己的一生奉献给写作。) characteristic / k r kt r st k/n. 特征,特性 1. personal characteristic 个人特质 2. main characteristic 主要特点 词根 character n. 性格、汉字、人物 Patience is an important characteristic for translators.(耐心是译员一项重要特质。) daughter / d t /n. 女儿 1. only daughter 独生女 2. the daughter of the poet 诗人的女儿 对应名词 son 儿子;合成词 daughter-in-law 儿媳 The poet’s daughter grew into an outstanding translator.(这位诗人的女儿长大之后成为一名出色的译员。) prepare /pr pe /v.(为……)做准备 1. prepare for sth. 为某事做准备 2. prepare documents 准备文稿 词义辨析:prepare 侧重筹备过程,get ready 侧重已经就绪 I prepare carefully for the translation competition.(我认真为这场翻译比赛做准备。) slasher / sl /n. 斜杠族,斜杠青年 1. young slasher 青年斜杠从业者 2. become a slasher 成为斜杠青年 外来新兴词汇,指代拥有多重职业身份的人群 This slasher works both as a host and translator.(这名斜杠青年同时担任主持人与译员。) auto-loving / t l v /adj. 热爱汽车的 1. auto-loving young man 爱车的年轻人 2. auto-loving group 爱车爱好者群体 合成形容词,auto(汽车)+loving(热爱的) This auto-loving slasher also works as a mechanic.(这名热爱汽车的斜杠青年还从事机修工作。) host /h st/n. 节目主持人 1. famous TV host 知名电视主持人 2. host a show 主持一档节目 host 指代男性主持人,hostess 为女性主持人 The host invited an excellent translator to be our guest.(主持人邀请了一名优秀译员担任嘉宾。) guest / est/n. 嘉宾 1. special invited guest 特邀嘉宾 2. welcome guests 接待宾客 host(主人)和 guest(宾客)是一组对应词汇 Our special guest today is a world-famous poet.(我们今日的特邀嘉宾是一位享誉世界的诗人。) outstanding / a t st nd /adj. 优秀的,出色的 1. outstanding worker 杰出从业者 2. outstanding achievement 卓越成就 英语写作高分替换词,近义词 excellent、talented She is an outstanding host with rich working experience.(她是一名经验丰富、十分出色的主持人。) mechanic /m k n k/n. 技工,机械工,机修工 1. car mechanic 汽车机修工 2. professional mechanic 专业技工 派生词 mechanical,形容词,含义为机械的 The mechanic can take apart old cars quickly.(这名机修工可以快速拆解老旧车辆。) apart / p t/adv. 成零碎 1. take…apart 拆开 2. far apart 相距遥远 take…apart 为本单元必考固定短语 The mechanic took the broken machine apart to check faults.(机修工拆开故障机器排查问题。) pardon / p dn/v. 原谅 1. Pardon me. 打扰一下,请原谅 2. pardon sb. for mistakes 原谅某人的过错 口语考点:Pardon? 表示请对方重复一遍话语 Pardon me, could you tell me where the army is?(打扰一下,你能告诉我陆军驻地在哪里吗?) would rather 宁愿,宁可 1. would rather do sth. 宁愿做某事 2. would rather…than… 宁愿…… 而不愿…… 后面只能接动词原形,否定形式 would rather not do I would rather work as a poet than a host.(比起主持人,我宁愿做一名诗人。) butter / b t /n. 黄油 1. bread and butter 黄油面包;生计 2. a piece of butter 一块黄油 俗语 bread and butter 引申为赖以谋生的行业 We spread some butter on bread for breakfast.(我们早餐会在面包上涂抹黄油。) trade /tre d/n. 某一行业 1. the translation trade 翻译行业 2. auto repair trade 汽车维修行业 也可作动词,意思是经商、贸易 Car repair has always been a steady trade.(汽车维修一直是一门稳定的行当。) part-time / p t ta m/adj.(工作)部分时间的,兼职的 1. part-time job 兼职工作 2. work part-time 从事兼职 反义词 full-time,意为全职的 This slasher does part-time work as a translator.(这名斜杠青年兼职做译员。) boss /b s/n. 老板,上司 1. ask the boss for leave 向老板请假 2. the boss of the factory 工厂老板 区分 employer 雇主,employee 雇员 My boss allows me to take part in the translation activity.(我的上司准许我参加这场翻译活动。) repair /r pe /v. 修理;修补 1. repair cars 修理汽车 2. repair old machines 检修老旧器械 近义词 fix mend,mend 多用于修补衣物 The mechanic began to repair the broken vehicle.(机修工着手修理这辆故障车辆。) operate / p re t/v. 使用,操作 1. operate machines 操作器械 2. operate a shop 经营店铺 名词形式 operation,意为运转、手术 He knows how to operate all kinds of auto equipment.(他会操作各类汽车设备。) high-tech / ha tek/adj. 高科技的 1. high-tech industry 高新科技产业 2. high-tech machines 高科技器械 合成词汇,缩写形式 hi-tech This high-tech machine can be taken apart easily.(这款高科技器械可以轻松拆解。) be worth (doing) sth 值得做某事 1. be worth doing the work 这份工作值得去做 2. be worth reading 值得一读 考点:worth 后面只能接动名词 doing,不接不定式 to do This classic poem is worth translating into Chinese.(这首经典诗歌值得翻译成中文。) luckily / l k li/adv. 幸运地,幸好 1. Luckily for sb. 某人很幸运 2. luckily enough 十分走运 形容词原形 lucky;名词 luck Luckily, I got a chance to talk with the outstanding host.(幸运的是,我获得了和这位优秀主持人交谈的机会。) ( 1 ) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $