第7讲 动词不定式、反身代词、大数的表示、现在分词和过去分词的用法（八升九暑假复习讲义）2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

八升九英语暑假衔接预习课（新教材人教版） 第七讲 动词不定式的用法、反身代词的用法 大数的表示方法、现在分词和过去分词的用法 ◇Part 01 内 容 汇 总 内容 详情 动词不定式的用法 用法讲解、即讲即练 反身代词的用法 用法讲解、即讲即练 大数的表示方法 用法讲解、即讲即练 现在分词和过去分词的用法 用法讲解、即讲即练 知识过关练 选择题、填空题、完成句子 ◇Part 02 语 法 知 识 讲 解 一、动词不定式作状语和宾语补语 1、动词不定式基本形式： 肯定式为“to+动词原形”，否定式直接在to前加not，为“not to+动词原形”。动词不定式中的动词也可以有自己的宾语或状语等，动词不定式和它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。 例：I want to buy a new dictionary.（我想买一本新词典。） She decided to visit her grandparents this weekend.（她决定这个周末去看望她的祖父母。） My teacher told me not to be late for school again.（老师告诉我不要再上学迟到了。） 【注意】（1）在有些情况下，动词不定式可以省略to，这时和动词原形形式相同，但它不是原形。 （2）动词不定式是动词的非谓语形式，不作谓语，所以没有人称和数的变化。 例：Let me help you carry the heavy box.（让我帮你搬这个重箱子。）——let后省略to I saw him cross the street just now.（我刚才看见他过了马路。）——感官动词saw后省略to My mother made me clean my room yesterday.（我妈妈昨天让我打扫了我的房间。）——使役动词made后省略to 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. My mother told me ______ (not play) computer games too much. 【答案】not to play 【详解】句意：我妈妈告诉我不要玩太多电脑游戏。本题考查不定式的否定形式。tell sb not to do sth意为“告诉某人不要做某事”，否定形式在to前加not，故填not to play。 2. She decided ______ (visit) her grandparents this weekend. 【答案】to visit 【详解】句意：她决定这个周末去看望她的祖父母。本题考查不定式作宾语。decide to do sth意为“决定做某事”，故填to visit。 二、单项选择题 1. My teacher often encourages us ______ questions actively in class. A. ask B. asking C. to ask D. asked 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的老师经常鼓励我们在课堂上积极提问。本题考查不定式作宾语补足语。encourage sb to do sth意为“鼓励某人做某事”，故选C。 2. —What would you like ______ for dinner? —Some noodles. A. have B. having C. to have D. had 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你晚餐想吃什么？——一些面条。本题考查不定式作宾语。would like to do sth意为“想要做某事”，故选C。 2、动词不定式基本句法功能： （1）动词不定式作状语 动词不定式常可用作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等。 · 动词不定式作目的状语 作目的状语，动词不定式一般放在被修饰词之后，但为了强调也可放在句首。 例：I got up early to catch the first bus.（我早起是为了赶上第一班公交车。） She went to the supermarket to buy some fruit.（她去超市买一些水果。） To improve my English, I read English stories every day.（为了提高我的英语，我每天读英语故事。） He took a taxi to get to the airport on time.（他打了出租车以便准时到达机场。） To keep healthy, my grandfather exercises every morning.（为了保持健康，我爷爷每天早上锻炼。） 为加强语气，在动词不定式前还可加上in order或so as组成词组，即“in order to do”或“so as to do”。 例：I got up early in order to catch the first bus.（我早起是为了赶上第一班公交车。） She went to the supermarket so as to buy some fruit.（她去超市买一些水果。） In order to improve my English, I read English stories every day.（为了提高我的英语，我每天读英语故事。） 【注意】“in order to do”可以放句首，也可以放后面，“so as to do”不能放句首，只能放后面。 例：In order to pass the exam, he studied very hard.（为了通过考试，他学习非常努力。）——in order to放句首，正确 He studied very hard in order to pass the exam.（他学习非常努力是为了通过考试。）——in order to放后面，正确 So as to pass the exam, he studied very hard.（×）——so as to不能放句首，错误 He studied very hard so as to pass the exam.（他学习非常努力是为了通过考试。）——so as to放后面，正确 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. I got up early ______ (catch) the first bus. 【答案】to catch 【详解】句意：我早起是为了赶上第一班公交车。本题考查不定式作目的状语。用to catch表示早起的目的，故填to catch。 2. ______ (improve) my English, I read English stories every day. 【答案】To improve 【详解】句意：为了提高我的英语，我每天读英语故事。本题考查不定式作目的状语放句首。为了强调目的，不定式可放句首，故填To improve。 二、单项选择题 1. She went to the supermarket ______ some fruit. A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. bought 【答案】C 【详解】句意：她去超市买一些水果。本题考查不定式作目的状语。去超市的目的是买水果，用to buy表目的，故选C。 2. ______ pass the exam, he studied very hard. A. So as to B. In order to C. So that D. In order that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：为了通过考试，他学习非常努力。本题考查in order to与so as to的区别。so as to不能放句首，in order to可以放句首，故选B。 三、句型转换 1. She went to the library so as to borrow some books.（改为同义句） She went to the library ______ ______ ______ borrow some books. 【答案】in order to 【详解】句意：她去图书馆是为了借一些书。本题考查so as to与in order to的转换。两者都可表目的，so as to不能放句首，但此处可替换为in order to，故填in order to。 · 动词不定式作结果状语 动词不定式作结果状语常用在“ (not) enough to...”、以及“too...to...”等结构中。 例：The boy is old enough to go to school.（这个男孩年龄够大，可以上学了。） She is too young to understand this problem.（她太年轻了，无法理解这个问题。） He ran fast enough to catch up with the others.（他跑得足够快，能赶上其他人。） 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. The boy is old enough ______ (go) to school. 【答案】to go 【详解】句意：这个男孩年龄够大，可以上学了。本题考查enough to do结构。形容词+enough+to do，故填to go。 2. She is too young ______ (understand) this problem. 【答案】to understand 【详解】句意：她太年轻了，无法理解这个问题。本题考查too...to...结构。too...to...意为“太……而不能……”，后接动词原形，故填to understand。 二、单项选择题 1. The box is ______ heavy for me ______ carry. A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. enough; to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个箱子太重了，我搬不动。本题考查too...to...结构。too...to...意为“太……而不能……”，故选C。 2. He ran fast enough ______ up with the others. A. catch B. catching C. to catch D. caught 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他跑得足够快，能赶上其他人。本题考查enough to do结构。enough to do意为“足够……去做……”，故选C。 · 动词不定式作原因状语 有些形容词后面也可以接动词不定式，常用于句型“主语+ be + 形容词 (happy, glad, pleased, angry, sorry, careful, ready等) + to do sth.”中，作原因状语。 例：I am happy to receive your letter.（我很高兴收到你的来信。） She was sorry to hear the bad news.（她听到这个坏消息很难过。） We are glad to see you again.（我们很高兴再次见到你。） 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. We are all glad ______ you again. A. see B. seeing C. to see D. saw 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们都很高兴再次见到你。本题考查不定式作原因状语。glad to do sth意为“高兴做某事”，故选C。 2. I was very pleased ______ the result of the exam. A. with B. to C. for D. at 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我对考试结果很满意。本题考查不定式作原因状语。pleased to do sth意为“满意做某事”，故选B。 二、完成句子 1. 听到这个消息，我们都感到很激动。 We all felt excited ______ ______ the news. 【答案】to hear 【详解】句意：听到这个消息，我们都感到很激动。本题考查不定式作原因状语。excited后接不定式表示“因……而激动”，故填to hear。 （2）动词不定式作宾语补足语 · 有很多动词后面都可以用不定式作宾语补足语，常见的有：advise, ask, tell, help, wish, want, expect, forbid, persuade, press, request, teach, warn等. 例：My teacher advised me to study harder.（老师建议我更努力学习。） My mother asked me to buy some salt on my way home.（妈妈让我在回家的路上买一些盐。） I want you to help me with my math.（我想让你帮我学数学。） · 有一些动词后用不定式作宾语补足语时，省略to，这常见有两类，一类是感觉动词，如feel, see, hear, watch, notice等，另一类是使役动词，如make, let, have等。动词help之后，动词不定式作宾语补足语可带to，亦可不带to。 例： I saw him cross the street.（我看见他过了马路。）——感觉动词see后省略to We heard her sing a beautiful song in the next room.（我们听见她在隔壁房间唱了一首优美的歌。）——感觉动词hear后省略to The teacher made the students clean the classroom.（老师让学生们打扫教室。）——使役动词made后省略to 【注意】含有上述动词的主动语态的句子转换为被动语态时，不定式中省略的to要加上。 例：主动：I saw him cross the street.（我看见他过了马路。） 被动：He was seen to cross the street.（他被看见过了马路。）——被动语态中to不能省略 主动：The teacher made the students clean the classroom.（老师让学生们打扫教室。） 被动：The students were made to clean the classroom.（学生们被要求打扫教室。）——被动语态中to不能省略 · 感官动词可以用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，也可以用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，用不定式着重于动作的全过程或动作的经常性，用动词-ing形式则是强调当时动作正在进行。 例：I saw him cross the street.（我看见他过了马路。）——不定式：强调过马路的全过程 I saw him crossing the street.（我看见他正在过马路。）——-ing形式：强调当时正在过马路 We heard her sing a song in the concert.（我们听见她在音乐会上唱了一首歌。）——不定式：强调唱了整首歌 We heard her singing when we passed by.（我们路过时听见她正在唱歌。）——-ing形式：强调当时正在唱 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. My teacher advised me ______ (study) harder. 【答案】to study 【详解】句意：老师建议我更努力学习。本题考查不定式作宾补。advise sb to do sth意为“建议某人做某事”，故填to study。 2. I saw him ______ (cross) the street just now. 【答案】cross 【详解】句意：我刚才看见他过了马路。本题考查感官动词后省略to的不定式作宾补。see sb do sth强调看见动作的全过程，故填cross。 3. The students were made ______ (clean) the classroom by the teacher. 【答案】to clean 【详解】句意：学生们被老师要求打扫教室。本题考查被动语态中不定式要加to。主动语态中make sb do sth变为被动时，要还原to，故填to clean。 4. I heard her ______ (sing) in the next room when I passed by. 【答案】singing 【详解】句意：我路过时听见她在隔壁房间唱歌。本题考查感官动词+doing强调动作正在进行。when I passed by强调路过时正在唱，故填singing。 二、单项选择题 1. My mother often ______ me ______ my room on weekends. A. make; clean B. makes; to clean C. makes; clean D. make; to clean 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我妈妈经常让我在周末打扫我的房间。本题考查使役动词后省略to。make sb do sth意为“让某人做某事”，主语My mother为三单，用makes，故选C。 2. I ______ him ______ the heavy box just now. A. saw; carried B. saw; carry C. see; carry D. see; carried 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我刚才看见他搬了那个重箱子。本题考查感官动词后省略to。see sb do sth强调看见动作全过程，just now用过去时，故选B。 3. He was seen ______ the room and then disappeared. A. enter B. to enter C. entering D. entered 【答案】B 【详解】句意：有人看见他进了房间，然后消失了。本题考查被动语态中不定式要加to。主动语态see sb do变为被动时要还原to，故选B。 二、反身代词的用法 （1）反身代词的概念和构成 反身代词是表示动作回到其执行者本身（主语与宾语为同一主体）或是要强调代词本身。 反身代词是由人称代词第一人称和第二人称的形容词性物主代词和第三人称的宾格加“-self”或“-selves”构成。如下: 单数 复数 第一人称 myself 我自己 ourselves 我们自己 第二人称 yourself你自己 yourselves 你们自己 第三人称 himself他自己 herself 她自己 itself 它自己 themselves 他们／她们／它们自己 例：I can take care of myself.（我能照顾好我自己。） You should believe in yourself.（你应该相信你自己。） He hurt himself when he fell off the bike.（他从自行车上摔下来时伤到了自己。） 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. I can take care of ______ (I) when my parents are not at home. 【答案】myself 【详解】句意：父母不在家时我能照顾好我自己。本题考查反身代词。主语为I，对应的反身代词为myself，故填myself。 2. The little girl hurt ______ (she) when she fell off the bike. 【答案】herself 【详解】句意：那个小女孩从自行车上摔下来时伤到了自己。本题考查反身代词。主语为The little girl，对应的反身代词为herself，故填herself。 3. They enjoyed ______ (they) at the party last night. 【答案】themselves 【详解】句意：他们昨晚在派对上玩得很开心。本题考查反身代词。enjoy oneself意为“玩得开心”，主语They对应themselves，故填themselves。 二、单项选择题 1. You should believe in ______. You are the best. A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你应该相信你自己。你是最棒的。本题考查反身代词。believe in oneself意为“相信自己”，主语You对应yourself，故选D。 2. Please help ______ to some fruit, children. A. you B. yourself C. yourselves D. your 【答案】C 【详解】句意：孩子们，请随便吃些水果。本题考查反身代词。help oneself to意为“随便吃”，主语为children（复数），用yourselves，故选C。 （2）反身代词的句法作用 反身代词在句中可以作表语、宾语、同位语等。 例：The little boy in the photo is myself.（照片中的那个小男孩就是我自己。） I taught myself how to swim.（我自学了游泳。）——作动词宾语 She bought herself a new dress.（她给自己买了一条新裙子。）——作间接宾语 Take good care of yourself.（好好照顾你自己。）——作介词宾语 I myself made this birthday cake.（我自己亲手做了这个生日蛋糕。）——强调主语 The manager himself talked to the customers.（经理亲自和顾客们谈了话。）——强调主语 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. She bought ______ (she) a new dress yesterday. 【答案】herself 【详解】句意：她昨天给自己买了一条新裙子。本题考查反身代词作间接宾语。buy oneself sth意为“给自己买某物”，主语She对应herself，故填herself。 2. The manager ______ (he) talked to the customers. 【答案】himself 【详解】句意：经理亲自和顾客们谈了话。本题考查反身代词作同位语。强调主语The manager，用himself作同位语，故填himself。 二、单项选择题 1. I ______ made this birthday cake. A. me B. my C. mine D. myself 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我自己亲手做了这个生日蛋糕。本题考查反身代词作同位语。强调主语I，用myself作同位语，故选D。 2. Take good care of ______, Mary. A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself 【答案】D 【详解】句意：玛丽，好好照顾你自己。本题考查反身代词作介词宾语。take care of oneself意为“照顾自己”，Mary为单数，对应yourself，故选D。 （3）反身代词用于固定搭配中。 in oneself本身，本质上 by oneself 独自 excuse oneself自我辩解 call oneself自称 help oneself to 随便吃 enjoy oneself过得很快活 teach oneself自学 speak to oneself自言自语 devote oneself to 献身于 lose oneself=lose one's way 迷路 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Help ______ (you) to some fish, please. 【答案】yourself 【详解】句意：请随便吃些鱼。本题考查固定搭配help oneself to。根据语境为单数，故填yourself。 2. I can finish the work all by ______ (I). 【答案】myself 【详解】句意：我能独自完成这项工作。本题考查固定搭配by oneself。by oneself意为“独自”，主语I对应myself，故填myself。 三、大数的表示方法 英语中超过一千的数的表示方法遵循千位分组规则，每增加一个单位，指数递增三位。数字从右向左每三位用逗号分隔，形成“千位——百万位——十亿位——万亿位”等层级。 thousand（千）、million（百万）、billion（十亿）、trillion（万亿） 1. 读写规则 （1）整单位：直接使用数词和单位词表示。 例：1,000 → one thousand 2,000,000 → two million。 2,000,000,000 → two billion 400,000 → four hundred thousand （2）非整单位： 分解为“高位单位 + 中间单位 + 低位单位”，百位与十位/个位间用“and”（英式）或省略（美式），十位为零时，百位与个位间加“and”。 例：12,345 → twelve thousand, three hundred forty-five 456,789 → four hundred fifty-six thousand, seven hundred eighty-nine 203 → two hundred and three（英式）/ two hundred three（美式）（二百零三） 415 → four hundred and fifteen（英式）/ four hundred fifteen（美式）（四百一十五） 5,008 → five thousand and eight（五千零八） 60,009 → sixty thousand and nine（六万零九） 1,000,002 → one million and two（一百万零二） 即讲即练 一、用英语写出下列数字 1. 1,000 → ______ 【答案】one thousand 【详解】句意：1000。本题考查大数表达。千位单位thousand，1,000为one thousand。 2. 2,000,000 → ______ 【答案】two million 【详解】句意：2000000。本题考查大数表达。百万位单位million，2,000,000为two million。 3. 3,245,678 → ______ 【答案】three million, two hundred forty-five thousand, six hundred seventy-eight 【详解】句意：3245678。本题考查大数读写分解。分解为“3 million + 245 thousand + 678”，245为two hundred forty-five，678为six hundred seventy-eight。 4. 5,008 → ______ 【答案】five thousand and eight 【详解】句意：5008。本题考查零的处理。百位和个位间加and，5,008为five thousand and eight。 二、单项选择题 1. 456,789 读作 ______。 A. four hundred fifty-six thousand, seven hundred eighty-nine B. four hundred and fifty-six thousand, seven hundred and eighty-nine C. four hundred fifty six thousand, seven hundred eighty nine D. four hundred and fifty-six thousand, seven hundred eighty-nine 【答案】A 【详解】句意：456789。本题考查大数读法。456,789分解为456 thousand + 789，456为four hundred fifty-six，789为seven hundred eighty-nine，百位与十位/个位间“and”可省略，故选A。 【拓展】million是数词，意为“百万”，当和其他数词连用表示具体数目时不加“s”，million和of 连用表示笼统 数目时必须加“s”，即：millions of，意为“数以百万计的”。与million用法相同的数词还有hundred，thousand 和billion等。 例：There are two million people in this city.（这个城市有二百万人。）——具体数目，million不加s Millions of tourists visit this place every year.（每年有数以百万计的游客参观这个地方。）——笼统数目，million加s Thousands of birds flew to the south for winter.（成千上万的鸟飞往南方过冬。）——笼统数目，加s Ten billion dollars was spent on this project.（这个项目花费了一百亿美元。）——具体数目，不加s 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. There are two ______ (million) people in this city. 【答案】million 【详解】句意：这个城市有二百万人。本题考查具体数字的表达。two为具体数字，million不加s，故填million。 2. ______ (million) of tourists visit this place every year. 【答案】Millions 【详解】句意：每年有数以百万计的游客参观这个地方。本题考查笼统数字的表达。millions of意为“数以百万计的”，句首首字母大写，故填Millions。 3. There are thousands of ______ (bird) flying in the sky. 【答案】birds 【详解】句意：有成千上万只鸟在天空中飞翔。本题考查thousands of后接可数名词复数，bird的复数为birds，故填birds。 二、单项选择题 1. ______ people visited the museum last year. A. Ten millions B. Ten million C. Ten millions of D. Million of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：去年有一千万人参观了博物馆。本题考查具体数字的表达。ten为具体数字，million不加s，也不加of，故选B。 2. The government spent ______ dollars on this project. A. two billions B. two billion C. billions D. billion of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：政府在这个项目上花费了二十亿美元。本题考查具体数字的表达。two为具体数字，billion不加s，故选B。 3. ______ books were sold on the first day. A. Hundred of B. Five hundreds C. Hundreds of D. Five hundred of 【答案】C 【详解】句意：第一天卖出了数百本书。本题考查笼统数字的表达。hundreds of意为“数以百计的”，故选C。 四、现在分词和过去分词的用法区别 现在分词和过去分词在句子中常作定语和表语。 1. 作定语 现在分词，修饰名词时表主动或进行，可前置或后置；过去分词，修饰名词时表被动或完成，可前置或后置。 例：The sleeping baby is very cute.（正在睡觉的婴儿非常可爱。）——前置，表进行 Look at the boy playing football over there.（看那个在那里踢足球的男孩。）——后置，表主动 China is a developing country.（中国是一个发展中国家。）——前置，表主动 The woman standing at the gate is my aunt.（站在门口的那个女人是我姑姑。）——后置，表进行 I love the falling leaves in autumn.（我喜欢秋天飘落的叶子。）——前置，表进行 The broken glass is on the floor.（那个破碎的玻璃杯在地板上。）——前置，表完成/被动 The book written by Lu Xun is very famous.（鲁迅写的那本书非常有名。）——后置，表被动/完成 The lost child was finally found by the police.（那个走失的孩子最终被警察找到了。）——前置，表完成/被动 The bridge built in 1960 is still in use.（建于1960年的那座桥仍在使用中。）——后置，表被动/完成 2. 作表语 现在分词描述主语的特征或性质（常译作“令人……的”），主语多为事物，过去分词描述主语的状态或感受（常译作“感到……的”），主语多为人。 例：The movie is very interesting.（这部电影非常有趣。）——电影本身令人感兴趣 The news is really exciting.（这个消息真的令人激动。） The story sounds moving.（这个故事听起来很感人。） I am interested in English.（我对英语感兴趣。）——我"感到"有兴趣 We were all excited about the coming trip.（我们对即将到来的旅行感到很激动。）——我们"感到"激动 She was moved by the touching story.（她被这个感人的故事打动了。）——她"感到"被打动 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. The ______ (sleep) baby is very cute. 【答案】sleeping 【详解】句意：正在睡觉的婴儿非常可爱。本题考查现在分词作定语表进行。sleeping修饰baby，表“正在睡觉的”，故填sleeping。 2. The ______ (break) glass is on the floor. 【答案】broken 【详解】句意：那个破碎的玻璃杯在地板上。本题考查过去分词作定语表完成/被动。broken修饰glass，表“破碎的”，故填broken。 3. The story sounds ______ (move). We were all ______ (move) by it. 【答案】moving; moved 【详解】句意：这个故事听起来很感人。我们都为它而感动。本题考查现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别。moving修饰事物story，表“令人感动的”；moved修饰人we，表“感到感动的”，故填moving; moved。 4. The book ______ (write) by Lu Xun is very famous. 【答案】written 【详解】句意：鲁迅写的那本书非常有名。本题考查过去分词短语作定语表被动/完成。book与write是被动关系，用过去分词written，故填written。 二、单项选择题 1. The ______ news made all of us ______. A. exciting; exciting B. excited; excited C. exciting; excited D. excited; exciting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个令人激动的消息使我们所有人都感到激动。本题考查现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别。exciting修饰物，表“令人激动的”；excited修饰人，表“感到激动的”，故选C。 2. The woman ______ at the gate is my aunt. A. stand B. standing C. stood D. to stand 【答案】B 【详解】句意：站在门口的那个女人是我姑姑。本题考查现在分词作定语表主动。woman与stand是主动关系，用现在分词standing作定语，故选B。 ◇Part 03 知 识 过 关 练 一、单项选择题 1. My teacher told me ______ late for school again. A. to not be B. not to be C. not be D. don't be 【答案】B 【详解】句意：老师告诉我不要再上学迟到了。本题考查不定式的否定形式。tell sb not to do sth，故选B。 2. She went to the station ______ her friend off. A. see B. to see C. seeing D. saw 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她去车站为朋友送行。本题考查不定式作目的状语。去车站的目的是送行，用to see表目的，故选B。 3. The boy is ______ young ______ go to school. A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. enough; to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个男孩太年轻了，不能上学。本题考查too...to...结构，意为“太……而不能……”，故选C。 4. I am very happy ______ you here. A. meet B. meeting C. to meet D. met 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我很高兴在这里见到你。本题考查不定式作原因状语。happy to do sth意为“高兴做某事”，故选C。 5. My mother often makes me ______ the dishes after dinner. A. wash B. to wash C. washing D. washed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我妈妈经常让我晚饭后洗碗。本题考查使役动词后省略to。make sb do sth，故选A。 6. He was seen ______ the building at that time. A. enter B. to enter C. entering D. entered 【答案】B 【详解】句意：那时有人看见他进了那栋楼。本题考查被动语态中不定式要加to。主动语态see sb do变为被动时还原to，故选B。 7. Please help ______ to some cakes, children. A. you B. yourself C. yourselves D. your 【答案】C 【详解】句意：孩子们，请随便吃些蛋糕。本题考查固定搭配help oneself to。children为复数，用yourselves，故选C。 8. There are two ______ people in this small town. A. million B. millions C. millions of D. million of 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个小镇有二百万人。本题考查具体数字不加s。two为具体数字，million不加s，故选A。 9. The ______ boy is my little brother. A. sleep B. slept C. sleeping D. sleeps 【答案】C 【详解】句意：正在睡觉的男孩是我的小弟弟。本题考查现在分词作定语表进行。sleeping修饰boy，表“正在睡觉的”，故选C。 10. The news is really ______. We all feel ______. A. exciting; exciting B. excited; excited C. exciting; excited D. excited; exciting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个消息真的令人激动。我们都感到很激动。本题考查现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别。exciting修饰物，excited修饰人，故选C。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 11. She decided ______ (go) to the library this afternoon. 【答案】to go 【详解】句意：她决定今天下午去图书馆。decide to do sth，故填to go。 12. I got up early ______ (catch) the early train. 【答案】to catch 【详解】句意：我早起是为了赶早班火车。不定式作目的状语，故填to catch。 13. The box is too heavy for me ______ (carry). 【答案】to carry 【详解】句意：这个箱子太重了，我搬不动。too...to...结构，故填to carry。 14. We were glad ______ (see) you at the party. 【答案】to see 【详解】句意：我们很高兴在派对上见到你。不定式作原因状语，故填to see。 15. My father asked me ______ (buy) some milk on my way home. 【答案】to buy 【详解】句意：我爸爸让我在回家的路上买一些牛奶。ask sb to do sth，故填to buy。 16. I heard her ______ (sing) an English song when I passed by. 【答案】singing 【详解】句意：我路过时听见她在唱一首英文歌。感官动词+doing强调动作正在进行，故填singing。 17. The students were made ______ (clean) the classroom. 【答案】to clean 【详解】句意：学生们被要求打扫教室。被动语态中不定式要加to，故填to clean。 18. She taught ______ (she) English when she was young. 【答案】herself 【详解】句意：她年轻时自学了英语。teach oneself意为“自学”，主语She对应herself，故填herself。 19. The book ______ (write) by Mo Yan is very popular. 【答案】written 【详解】句意：莫言写的那本书非常受欢迎。过去分词作定语表被动/完成，故填written。 20. The ______ (excite) children are running out of the classroom. 【答案】excited 【详解】句意：激动的孩子们正跑出教室。过去分词修饰人，表“感到激动的”，故填excited。 三、完成句子 21. 老师建议我们每天读英语。 The teacher ______ us ______ ______ English every day. 【答案】advises; to read 【详解】句意：老师建议我们每天读英语。advise sb to do sth，主语为三单用advises，故填advises; to read。 22. 我早起是为了赶上第一班公交车。 I got up early ______ ______ ______ catch the first bus. 【答案】in order to 【详解】句意：我早起是为了赶上第一班公交车。in order to可表目的，故填in order to。 23. 这个女孩太小了，不能去上学。（改为同义句） The girl is ______ young ______ go to school. 【答案】too; to 【详解】句意：这个女孩太小了，不能去上学。too...to...意为“太……而不能……”，故填too; to。 24. 我很高兴收到你的来信。 I am very glad ______ ______ your letter. 【答案】to receive 【详解】句意：我很高兴收到你的来信。glad to do sth，故填to receive。 25. 我妈妈让我每天练习钢琴。 My mother ______ me ______ the piano every day. 【答案】makes; practice 【详解】句意：我妈妈让我每天练习钢琴。make sb do sth，主语为三单用makes，故填makes; practice。 26. 有人看见他进了那家商店。 He ______ ______ ______ enter that shop. 【答案】was seen to 【详解】句意：有人看见他进了那家商店。被动语态中不定式要加to，一般过去时用was seen to，故填was seen to。 27. 你能独自完成这项工作吗？ Can you finish the work ______ ______? 【答案】by yourself 【详解】句意：你能独自完成这项工作吗？by oneself意为“独自”，故填by yourself。 28. 这个城市有八百万人。 There are ______ ______ people in this city. 【答案】eight million 【详解】句意：这个城市有八百万人。具体数字不加s，eight million意为“八百万”，故填eight million。 29. 每年有成千上万的人来这座城市。 ______ ______ people come to this city every year. 【答案】Thousands of 【详解】句意：每年有成千上万的人来这座城市。thousands of意为“成千上万的”，句首首字母大写，故填Thousands of。 30. 这个故事很感人，我们都感动得哭了。 The story is very ______. We were all ______ to tears. 【答案】moving; moved 【详解】句意：这个故事很感人，我们都感动得哭了。moving修饰事物story，moved修饰人we，故填moving; moved。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 八升九英语暑假衔接预习课（新教材人教版） 第七讲 动词不定式的用法、反身代词的用法 大数的表示方法、现在分词和过去分词的用法 ◇Part 01 内 容 汇 总 内容 详情 动词不定式的用法 用法讲解、即讲即练 反身代词的用法 用法讲解、即讲即练 大数的表示方法 用法讲解、即讲即练 现在分词和过去分词的用法 用法讲解、即讲即练 知识过关练 选择题、填空题、完成句子 ◇Part 02 语 法 知 识 讲 解 一、动词不定式作状语和宾语补语 1、动词不定式基本形式： 肯定式为“to+动词原形”，否定式直接在to前加not，为“not to+动词原形”。动词不定式中的动词也可以有自己的宾语或状语等，动词不定式和它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。 例：I want to buy a new dictionary.（我想买一本新词典。） She decided to visit her grandparents this weekend.（她决定这个周末去看望她的祖父母。） My teacher told me not to be late for school again.（老师告诉我不要再上学迟到了。） 【注意】（1）在有些情况下，动词不定式可以省略to，这时和动词原形形式相同，但它不是原形。 （2）动词不定式是动词的非谓语形式，不作谓语，所以没有人称和数的变化。 例：Let me help you carry the heavy box.（让我帮你搬这个重箱子。）——let后省略to I saw him cross the street just now.（我刚才看见他过了马路。）——感官动词saw后省略to My mother made me clean my room yesterday.（我妈妈昨天让我打扫了我的房间。）——使役动词made后省略to 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. My mother told me ______ (not play) computer games too much. 2. She decided ______ (visit) her grandparents this weekend. 二、单项选择题 1. My teacher often encourages us ______ questions actively in class. A. ask B. asking C. to ask D. asked 2. —What would you like ______ for dinner? —Some noodles. A. have B. having C. to have D. had 2、动词不定式基本句法功能： （1）动词不定式作状语 动词不定式常可用作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等。 · 动词不定式作目的状语 作目的状语，动词不定式一般放在被修饰词之后，但为了强调也可放在句首。 例：I got up early to catch the first bus.（我早起是为了赶上第一班公交车。） She went to the supermarket to buy some fruit.（她去超市买一些水果。） To improve my English, I read English stories every day.（为了提高我的英语，我每天读英语故事。） He took a taxi to get to the airport on time.（他打了出租车以便准时到达机场。） To keep healthy, my grandfather exercises every morning.（为了保持健康，我爷爷每天早上锻炼。） 为加强语气，在动词不定式前还可加上in order或so as组成词组，即“in order to do”或“so as to do”。 例：I got up early in order to catch the first bus.（我早起是为了赶上第一班公交车。） She went to the supermarket so as to buy some fruit.（她去超市买一些水果。） In order to improve my English, I read English stories every day.（为了提高我的英语，我每天读英语故事。） 【注意】“in order to do”可以放句首，也可以放后面，“so as to do”不能放句首，只能放后面。 例：In order to pass the exam, he studied very hard.（为了通过考试，他学习非常努力。）——in order to放句首，正确 He studied very hard in order to pass the exam.（他学习非常努力是为了通过考试。）——in order to放后面，正确 So as to pass the exam, he studied very hard.（×）——so as to不能放句首，错误 He studied very hard so as to pass the exam.（他学习非常努力是为了通过考试。）——so as to放后面，正确 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. I got up early ______ (catch) the first bus. 2. ______ (improve) my English, I read English stories every day. 二、单项选择题 1. She went to the supermarket ______ some fruit. A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. bought 2. ______ pass the exam, he studied very hard. A. So as to B. In order to C. So that D. In order that 三、句型转换 1. She went to the library so as to borrow some books.（改为同义句） She went to the library ______ ______ ______ borrow some books. · 动词不定式作结果状语 动词不定式作结果状语常用在“ (not) enough to...”、以及“too...to...”等结构中。 例：The boy is old enough to go to school.（这个男孩年龄够大，可以上学了。） She is too young to understand this problem.（她太年轻了，无法理解这个问题。） He ran fast enough to catch up with the others.（他跑得足够快，能赶上其他人。） 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. The boy is old enough ______ (go) to school. 2. She is too young ______ (understand) this problem. 二、单项选择题 1. The box is ______ heavy for me ______ carry. A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. enough; to 2. He ran fast enough ______ up with the others. A. catch B. catching C. to catch D. caught · 动词不定式作原因状语 有些形容词后面也可以接动词不定式，常用于句型“主语+ be + 形容词 (happy, glad, pleased, angry, sorry, careful, ready等) + to do sth.”中，作原因状语。 例：I am happy to receive your letter.（我很高兴收到你的来信。） She was sorry to hear the bad news.（她听到这个坏消息很难过。） We are glad to see you again.（我们很高兴再次见到你。） 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. We are all glad ______ you again. A. see B. seeing C. to see D. saw 2. I was very pleased ______ the result of the exam. A. with B. to C. for D. at 二、完成句子 1. 听到这个消息，我们都感到很激动。 We all felt excited ______ ______ the news. （2）动词不定式作宾语补足语 · 有很多动词后面都可以用不定式作宾语补足语，常见的有：advise, ask, tell, help, wish, want, expect, forbid, persuade, press, request, teach, warn等. 例：My teacher advised me to study harder.（老师建议我更努力学习。） My mother asked me to buy some salt on my way home.（妈妈让我在回家的路上买一些盐。） I want you to help me with my math.（我想让你帮我学数学。） · 有一些动词后用不定式作宾语补足语时，省略to，这常见有两类，一类是感觉动词，如feel, see, hear, watch, notice等，另一类是使役动词，如make, let, have等。动词help之后，动词不定式作宾语补足语可带to，亦可不带to。 例： I saw him cross the street.（我看见他过了马路。）——感觉动词see后省略to We heard her sing a beautiful song in the next room.（我们听见她在隔壁房间唱了一首优美的歌。）——感觉动词hear后省略to The teacher made the students clean the classroom.（老师让学生们打扫教室。）——使役动词made后省略to 【注意】含有上述动词的主动语态的句子转换为被动语态时，不定式中省略的to要加上。 例：主动：I saw him cross the street.（我看见他过了马路。） 被动：He was seen to cross the street.（他被看见过了马路。）——被动语态中to不能省略 主动：The teacher made the students clean the classroom.（老师让学生们打扫教室。） 被动：The students were made to clean the classroom.（学生们被要求打扫教室。）——被动语态中to不能省略 · 感官动词可以用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，也可以用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，用不定式着重于动作的全过程或动作的经常性，用动词-ing形式则是强调当时动作正在进行。 例：I saw him cross the street.（我看见他过了马路。）——不定式：强调过马路的全过程 I saw him crossing the street.（我看见他正在过马路。）——-ing形式：强调当时正在过马路 We heard her sing a song in the concert.（我们听见她在音乐会上唱了一首歌。）——不定式：强调唱了整首歌 We heard her singing when we passed by.（我们路过时听见她正在唱歌。）——-ing形式：强调当时正在唱 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. My teacher advised me ______ (study) harder. 2. I saw him ______ (cross) the street just now. 3. The students were made ______ (clean) the classroom by the teacher. 4. I heard her ______ (sing) in the next room when I passed by. 二、单项选择题 1. My mother often ______ me ______ my room on weekends. A. make; clean B. makes; to clean C. makes; clean D. make; to clean 2. I ______ him ______ the heavy box just now. A. saw; carried B. saw; carry C. see; carry D. see; carried 3. He was seen ______ the room and then disappeared. A. enter B. to enter C. entering D. entered 二、反身代词的用法 （1）反身代词的概念和构成 反身代词是表示动作回到其执行者本身（主语与宾语为同一主体）或是要强调代词本身。 反身代词是由人称代词第一人称和第二人称的形容词性物主代词和第三人称的宾格加“-self”或“-selves”构成。如下: 单数 复数 第一人称 myself 我自己 ourselves 我们自己 第二人称 yourself你自己 yourselves 你们自己 第三人称 himself他自己 herself 她自己 itself 它自己 themselves 他们／她们／它们自己 例：I can take care of myself.（我能照顾好我自己。） You should believe in yourself.（你应该相信你自己。） He hurt himself when he fell off the bike.（他从自行车上摔下来时伤到了自己。） 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. I can take care of ______ (I) when my parents are not at home. 2. The little girl hurt ______ (she) when she fell off the bike. 3. They enjoyed ______ (they) at the party last night. 二、单项选择题 1. You should believe in ______. You are the best. A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself 2. Please help ______ to some fruit, children. A. you B. yourself C. yourselves D. your （2）反身代词的句法作用 反身代词在句中可以作表语、宾语、同位语等。 例：The little boy in the photo is myself.（照片中的那个小男孩就是我自己。） I taught myself how to swim.（我自学了游泳。）——作动词宾语 She bought herself a new dress.（她给自己买了一条新裙子。）——作间接宾语 Take good care of yourself.（好好照顾你自己。）——作介词宾语 I myself made this birthday cake.（我自己亲手做了这个生日蛋糕。）——强调主语 The manager himself talked to the customers.（经理亲自和顾客们谈了话。）——强调主语 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. She bought ______ (she) a new dress yesterday. 2. The manager ______ (he) talked to the customers. 二、单项选择题 1. I ______ made this birthday cake. A. me B. my C. mine D. myself 2. Take good care of ______, Mary. A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself （3）反身代词用于固定搭配中。 in oneself本身，本质上 by oneself 独自 excuse oneself自我辩解 call oneself自称 help oneself to 随便吃 enjoy oneself过得很快活 teach oneself自学 speak to oneself自言自语 devote oneself to 献身于 lose oneself=lose one's way 迷路 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Help ______ (you) to some fish, please. 2. I can finish the work all by ______ (I). 三、大数的表示方法 英语中超过一千的数的表示方法遵循千位分组规则，每增加一个单位，指数递增三位。数字从右向左每三位用逗号分隔，形成“千位——百万位——十亿位——万亿位”等层级。 thousand（千）、million（百万）、billion（十亿）、trillion（万亿） 1. 读写规则 （1）整单位：直接使用数词和单位词表示。 例：1,000 → one thousand 2,000,000 → two million。 2,000,000,000 → two billion 400,000 → four hundred thousand （2）非整单位： 分解为“高位单位 + 中间单位 + 低位单位”，百位与十位/个位间用“and”（英式）或省略（美式），十位为零时，百位与个位间加“and”。 例：12,345 → twelve thousand, three hundred forty-five 456,789 → four hundred fifty-six thousand, seven hundred eighty-nine 203 → two hundred and three（英式）/ two hundred three（美式）（二百零三） 415 → four hundred and fifteen（英式）/ four hundred fifteen（美式）（四百一十五） 5,008 → five thousand and eight（五千零八） 60,009 → sixty thousand and nine（六万零九） 1,000,002 → one million and two（一百万零二） 即讲即练 一、用英语写出下列数字 1. 1,000 → ______ 2. 2,000,000 → ______ 3. 3,245,678 → ______ 4. 5,008 → ______ 二、单项选择题 1. 456,789 读作 ______。 A. four hundred fifty-six thousand, seven hundred eighty-nine B. four hundred and fifty-six thousand, seven hundred and eighty-nine C. four hundred fifty six thousand, seven hundred eighty nine D. four hundred and fifty-six thousand, seven hundred eighty-nine 【拓展】million是数词，意为“百万”，当和其他数词连用表示具体数目时不加“s”，million和of 连用表示笼统 数目时必须加“s”，即：millions of，意为“数以百万计的”。与million用法相同的数词还有hundred，thousand 和billion等。 例：There are two million people in this city.（这个城市有二百万人。）——具体数目，million不加s Millions of tourists visit this place every year.（每年有数以百万计的游客参观这个地方。）——笼统数目，million加s Thousands of birds flew to the south for winter.（成千上万的鸟飞往南方过冬。）——笼统数目，加s Ten billion dollars was spent on this project.（这个项目花费了一百亿美元。）——具体数目，不加s 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. There are two ______ (million) people in this city. 2. ______ (million) of tourists visit this place every year. 3. There are thousands of ______ (bird) flying in the sky. 二、单项选择题 1. ______ people visited the museum last year. A. Ten millions B. Ten million C. Ten millions of D. Million of 2. The government spent ______ dollars on this project. A. two billions B. two billion C. billions D. billion of 3. ______ books were sold on the first day. A. Hundred of B. Five hundreds C. Hundreds of D. Five hundred of 四、现在分词和过去分词的用法区别 现在分词和过去分词在句子中常作定语和表语。 1. 作定语 现在分词，修饰名词时表主动或进行，可前置或后置；过去分词，修饰名词时表被动或完成，可前置或后置。 例：The sleeping baby is very cute.（正在睡觉的婴儿非常可爱。）——前置，表进行 Look at the boy playing football over there.（看那个在那里踢足球的男孩。）——后置，表主动 China is a developing country.（中国是一个发展中国家。）——前置，表主动 The woman standing at the gate is my aunt.（站在门口的那个女人是我姑姑。）——后置，表进行 I love the falling leaves in autumn.（我喜欢秋天飘落的叶子。）——前置，表进行 The broken glass is on the floor.（那个破碎的玻璃杯在地板上。）——前置，表完成/被动 The book written by Lu Xun is very famous.（鲁迅写的那本书非常有名。）——后置，表被动/完成 The lost child was finally found by the police.（那个走失的孩子最终被警察找到了。）——前置，表完成/被动 The bridge built in 1960 is still in use.（建于1960年的那座桥仍在使用中。）——后置，表被动/完成 2. 作表语 现在分词描述主语的特征或性质（常译作“令人……的”），主语多为事物，过去分词描述主语的状态或感受（常译作“感到……的”），主语多为人。 例：The movie is very interesting.（这部电影非常有趣。）——电影本身令人感兴趣 The news is really exciting.（这个消息真的令人激动。） The story sounds moving.（这个故事听起来很感人。） I am interested in English.（我对英语感兴趣。）——我"感到"有兴趣 We were all excited about the coming trip.（我们对即将到来的旅行感到很激动。）——我们"感到"激动 She was moved by the touching story.（她被这个感人的故事打动了。）——她"感到"被打动 即讲即练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. The ______ (sleep) baby is very cute. 2. The ______ (break) glass is on the floor. 3. The story sounds ______ (move). We were all ______ (move) by it. 4. The book ______ (write) by Lu Xun is very famous. 二、单项选择题 1. The ______ news made all of us ______. A. exciting; exciting B. excited; excited C. exciting; excited D. excited; exciting 2. The woman ______ at the gate is my aunt. A. stand B. standing C. stood D. to stand ◇Part 03 知 识 过 关 练 一、单项选择题 1. My teacher told me ______ late for school again. A. to not be B. not to be C. not be D. don't be 2. She went to the station ______ her friend off. A. see B. to see C. seeing D. saw 3. The boy is ______ young ______ go to school. A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. enough; to 4. I am very happy ______ you here. A. meet B. meeting C. to meet D. met 5. My mother often makes me ______ the dishes after dinner. A. wash B. to wash C. washing D. washed 6. He was seen ______ the building at that time. A. enter B. to enter C. entering D. entered 7. Please help ______ to some cakes, children. A. you B. yourself C. yourselves D. your 8. There are two ______ people in this small town. A. million B. millions C. millions of D. million of 9. The ______ boy is my little brother. A. sleep B. slept C. sleeping D. sleeps 10. The news is really ______. We all feel ______. A. exciting; exciting B. excited; excited C. exciting; excited D. excited; exciting 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 11. She decided ______ (go) to the library this afternoon. 12. I got up early ______ (catch) the early train. 13. The box is too heavy for me ______ (carry). 14. We were glad ______ (see) you at the party. 15. My father asked me ______ (buy) some milk on my way home. 16. I heard her ______ (sing) an English song when I passed by. 17. The students were made ______ (clean) the classroom. 18. She taught ______ (she) English when she was young. 19. The book ______ (write) by Mo Yan is very popular. 20. The ______ (excite) children are running out of the classroom. 三、完成句子 21. 老师建议我们每天读英语。 The teacher ______ us ______ ______ English every day. 22. 我早起是为了赶上第一班公交车。 I got up early ______ ______ ______ catch the first bus. 23. 这个女孩太小了，不能去上学。（改为同义句） The girl is ______ young ______ go to school. 24. 我很高兴收到你的来信。 I am very glad ______ ______ your letter. 25. 我妈妈让我每天练习钢琴。 My mother ______ me ______ the piano every day. 26. 有人看见他进了那家商店。 He ______ ______ ______ enter that shop. 27. 你能独自完成这项工作吗？ Can you finish the work ______ ______? 28. 这个城市有八百万人。 There are ______ ______ people in this city. 29. 每年有成千上万的人来这座城市。 ______ ______ people come to this city every year. 30. 这个故事很感人，我们都感动得哭了。 The story is very ______. We were all ______ to tears. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $