Unit 2 Grammar 学案 2026-2027学年外研版七年级英语上册

该初中英语导学案聚焦七年级上册Unit 2一般过去时语法专项，涵盖核心定义、be动词过去式（was/were）用法、实义动词规则与不规则变化及特殊疑问句构造。通过课前思考对比一般现在时，引导学生建立新旧知识联系，搭建从基础概念到句式应用的学习支架。 导学案采用模块式结构与分层练习设计，系统梳理语法规则，基础到拔高题型满足不同学生需求，培养学习能力。通过对比分析和句式转换训练提升语言能力，配套答案便于自主学习与教师评估，助力学生扎实掌握语法知识，发展思维品质。

《一般过去时》导学案 七年级上册 Unit 2语法专项 班级：________ 姓名：________ 得分：________ 一、学习目标 1. 理解一般过去时核心定义、使用场景，区分与一般现在时的本质差别； 2. 掌握 be 动词过去式（was/were）的人称搭配、肯定 / 否定 / 疑问全套句式； 3. 掌握实义动词过去式规则变化、不规则变化；分清主语三单 / 非三单过去式无变形的核心特点； 4. 掌握 did 引导实义动词过去式否定、疑问句，助动词后动词还原原形； 5. 会用 when/where/how 等疑问词构造一般过去时特殊疑问句，完成分层习题。 课前思考 1. 一般过去时专门描述什么时间发生的动作 / 状态？和一般现在时描述 “现在、常态” 有什么区别？ 2. 实义动词变为过去式后，无论主语是 I/you/he/she，动词形式都统一；变否定、问句时必须借助哪个助动词？ 模块一 一般过去时基础概念 1. 定义 一般过去时，专门用来描述发生在过去、已经彻底结束的动作、状态，动作和当下没有持续关联，常搭配明确过去时间词：yesterday、last week、…ago、just now、in 2020 等。 对比区分： · 一般现在时：I walk to school every day.（现在日常，常态） · 一般过去时：I walked to school yesterday.（昨天，过去一次性、已结束） 2. 两大分类：be 动词的一般过去时、实义动词的一般过去时 （1）be 动词过去式基础变位 am/is 的过去式：was are 的过去式：were 主语 过去式 be 动词 I / He / She / It was We / You / They were 课本对标例句 原现在时：I am 12 years old. I am a student. I am very well. 对应过去时（描述过去当时的年龄、身份、身体状态）： I was twelve years old last year. 我去年十二岁。 I was a primary school student three years ago. 三年前我还是小学生。 I was very well yesterday. 我昨天身体状态很好。 3. be 动词一般过去时完整句式表（肯定、否定、一般疑问） 否定规则：was/were 后直接加 not，缩写 wasn’t /weren’t 疑问规则：把 was/were 提前到句首 主语 肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 I I was Chinese then. I was not (wasn’t) Chinese then. Was I Chinese then? He/She/It He was an English boy last term.It was cheap last week. He wasn’t an English boy last term.It wasn’t cheap last week. Was he an English boy last term?Was it cheap last week? We/You/They We were from America last summer.You were a good boy then.They were our old friends. We weren’t from America last summer.You weren’t a good boy then.They weren’t our old friends. Were we from America last summer?Were you a good boy then?Were they our old friends? 4. was/were 后四类经典搭配（延续原课文 4 种结构，改为过去时） 1）was/were + 形容词（描述过去的情绪、物品特征） I was very happy at the party last night. 昨晚派对上我特别开心。 He was very kind when we knew him. 我们认识他的时候他人特别好。 The fruit was very fresh yesterday. 昨天的水果很新鲜。 2）was/were + 名词（描述过去的身份、归属） Mr Wang was our English teacher last year. 去年王先生是我们的英语老师。 They were our close friends before. 他们以前是我们很好的朋友。 He was a very clever boy when he was little. 他小时候是个非常聪明的男孩。 3）was/were + 地点介词短语（描述过去人 / 物的位置、来源） The book was on the desk just now. 书刚才还在桌子上。 She was at home yesterday afternoon. 她昨天下午在家。 Were they from America ten years ago? 十年前他们是美国人吗？ 4）was/were + 副词（描述过去的方位、状态） Class was over ten minutes ago. 十分钟前下课了。 We were off just now. Thanks for the meal! 我们刚才准备走了，谢谢你的款待！ The cat was here a moment ago. 猫刚才还在这里。 基础配套练习 1. 选词填空 was /were She ______ a gentle girl when young. I ______ a primary student 5 years ago. They ______ on the playground yesterday. 2. 句型改写（改为否定句 + 一般疑问句） He was from Canada last year. 否定句：________________________________________ 一般疑问句：________________________________________ 模块二 实义动词的一般过去时（重难点） 1. 使用场景 描述过去某一时间完成、一次性发生的动作，搭配 yesterday、…ago、last… 等过去时间标志词。 例句： We went to school every day last term. 上学期我们每天去上学。 We cleaned our classroom after class yesterday. 昨天下课后我们打扫了教室。 Sometimes we played football in the playground last month. 上个月我们偶尔在操场踢足球。 I knew him very well before. 我以前和他很熟。 I liked English very much when I was small. 我小时候非常喜欢英语。 2. 实义动词变过去式两大规则 ① 规则变化 1. 一般动词直接加 -ed：work → worked、play → played 2. 以不发音 e 结尾，只加 -d：live → lived、like → liked 3. 辅音字母 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i + ed：study → studied、cry → cried 4. 重读闭音节（辅 + 元 + 辅结尾），双写尾字母加 - ed：stop → stopped、plan → planned ② 不规则变化（无 ed 后缀，必须背诵） go-went, see-saw, get-got, speak-spoke, live-lived, come-came, do-did, eat-ate 3. 实义动词过去式核心句式规则（不分主语单复数，动词统一用过去式；否定 / 疑问必须借助助动词 did） （1）肯定句 无论主语 I/you/he/she/they，谓语动词统一使用过去式，无三单变形 例句：He got up very early yesterday. 他昨天起得很早。 They played basketball last Friday. 他们上周五打了篮球。 （2）否定句 统一借助助动词 did not (didn’t)，后面谓语动词强制还原为原形，不能写过去式 例句：He didn’t get up very early yesterday. 他昨天起床不早。 We didn’t go to school last Sunday. 上周日我们没上学。 配套小练习（改写否定句） I played badminton last Saturday morning. （3）一般疑问句 句首加助动词 Did，谓语动词还原原形；简答统一用 did /didn’t —Did he play the piano every day last week? 上周他每天都练钢琴吗？ —No, he didn’t. 不，他没有。 实义动词过去式句式汇总表 肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 标准简答 He spoke good English last year. He did not (didn’t) speak good English last year. Did he speak good English last year? Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t. She lived in the city three years ago. She didn’t live in the city three years ago. Did she live in the city three years ago? Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. The panda came from China long ago. The panda didn’t come from China long ago. Did the panda come from China long ago? Yes, it did. / No, it didn’t. 模块三 一般过去时特殊疑问句（how /where/when） 句式结构：特殊疑问词 + Did + 主语 + 动词原形 疑问词放句首，后半套用 did 引导的一般疑问语序，动词必须原形 示范例句： How did I write my homework on the computer yesterday? 昨天我是怎么在电脑上写作业的？ Where did I write the name just now? 我刚才在哪里写的名字？ When did you use a computer last week? 上周你什么时候用了电脑？ 配套练习（对划线部分提问） He walked to school at 7 yesterday morning.（划线：at 7） 模块四 分层综合训练习题 基础层 单项选择（10 道） 1. My grandma ______ gentle ten years ago. A. am B. is C. was 2. They ______ not fond of spicy snacks last summer. A. were B. are C. do 3. Lily ______ piano lessons every Saturday last term. A. take B. takes C. took 4. He ______ watch cartoon shows last weekday. A. doesn’t B. didn’t C. wasn’t 5. —______ your mum cook homemade meals yesterday? —Yes, she ______. A. Do; do B. Does; does C. Did; did 6. The pencil box ______ on the wooden desk just now. A. was B. are C. did 7. Where ______ your elder brother go jogging last evening? A. do B. does C. did 8. We ______ tidy our shared dorm last three days. A. don’t B. didn’t C. isn’t 9. When ______ you finish your homework last night? A. do B. does C. did 10. This cute cat ______ fish as food last year. A. like B. likes C. liked 提高层 动词适当形式填空（区分 was/were、实义动词过去式） 1. My deskmate ______ (be) outgoing last year; she ______ (chat) with classmates actively during break last week. 2. They ______ (not visit) the city museum last rainy weekend. 3. ______ (do) your father drive to workplace yesterday morning? 4. The fresh strawberry ______ (taste) really sweet yesterday. 5. He ______ (not finish) his reading task before bedtime last night. 提升层 句型改写 1. She was good at drawing last year.（改为否定句） 2. Tom played football after school last Friday.（改为一般疑问句并作否定简答） 3. He went grocery shopping once a week last month.（用 How often 针对频次提问） 拓展层 汉译英（仅给出中文，横线书写英文答案） 1. 昨天傍晚她陪着奶奶在小区散步。 2. 很久以前熊猫产自中国。 3. 刚才我的书包在教室储物柜里。 4. 昨晚你几点完成家庭作业？ 拔高题型：短文语境填空（be 动词 / 实义动词全部变过去式） My daily life last year I 1.______ (be) a Grade 6 student last year. My elder brother 2.______ (study) in Grade 8 then. We 3.______ (walk) to school together every morning last term. My brother 4.______ (not like) sweet candies one year ago. It 5.______ (be) 7 a.m. yesterday morning; we 6.______ (prepare) our schoolbags for morning classes. Where 7.______ your family 8.______ (have) weekend picnics last summer? 课堂知识点总结清单 一、be 动词一般过去时 1. 变位规则：I/he/she/it 搭配 was；you/we/they 搭配 were 2. 句式变换：否定在 was/were 后加 not (wasn’t/weren’t)；疑问把 was/were 提前 3. 四类搭配：was/were + 形容词 / 名词 / 地点介词短语 / 方位副词 二、实义动词一般过去时核心规则 1. 肯定句：全部主语统一使用动词过去式，无第三人称单数变形 2. 否定 / 一般疑问句：统一用助动词 did/didn’t，后面动词必须还原原形 3. 过去式分规则 - ed 变化、不规则特殊变形两类，需要分类背诵 三、特殊疑问句结构 疑问词 (how/when/where) 放句首，后半句使用 Did + 主语 + 动词原形 拓展展示任务（课堂加分仿写） 1. was/were + 形容词（描述过去状态）造句： ________________________________________________ 2. 实义动词规则过去式肯定句： ________________________________________________ 3. When 引导一般过去时特殊疑问句： ________________________________________________ 参考答案（教师备用页） 模块一基础配套练习 1. was；was；were 2. 否定句：He wasn’t from Canada last year. 一般疑问句：Was he from Canada last year? 模块二小练习 I didn’t play badminton last Saturday morning. 模块三配套练习 When did he walk to school yesterday morning? 综合训练答案 基础单选 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.C 动词填空 1. was；chatted 2. didn’t visit 3. Did 4. tasted 5. didn’t finish 句型改写 1. She wasn’t good at drawing last year. 2. —Did Tom play football after school last Friday? —No, he didn’t. 3. How often did he go grocery shopping last month? 汉译英标准答案 1. She walked around the community with her grandma yesterday evening. 2. Pandas came from China long ago. 3. My schoolbag was inside the classroom locker just now. 4. When did you finish your homework last night? 短文填空 1. was 2. studied 3. walked 4. didn’t like 5. was 6. prepared 7. did 8. have 拓展造句参考 1. The weather was cool and pleasant last autumn. 9. My mum watered potted plants every noon last month. 10. When did your pet dog take outdoor walks last Sunday? 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $