专题07 非谓语动词（讲义）-2027年吉林省（高职分类考试）《英语一轮讲练测》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：2027年吉林省（高职分类考试）《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练。本资料紧扣吉林省高职分类考试中职英语真题考情，将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单，以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础，再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强，实操性好，为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径，高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是2027年吉林省（高职分类考试）《英语一轮讲练测》的第7个专题，内容为非谓语动词。 2027年吉林省（高职分类考试） 《英语一轮讲练测》复习讲义 专题07 非谓语动词 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 考点1 非谓语动词概述 即时训练 考点2 动词不定式（to do） 即时训练 考点3 动名词（doing） 即时训练 考点4 分词（现在分词doing / 过去分词done） 即时训练 考点5 非谓语动词的时态与语态 即时训练 04 真题溯源·考向感知 考点 内容解读 吉林省2021—2025年高职分类考试真题统计 2021年 2022年 2023年 2024年 2025年 动词不定式（to do） 考查动词不定式作主语、宾语、宾足补、目的状语和定语等。解题关键：①识别常见后接不定式的动词和固定搭配：allow/encourage/want/would like/ask/tell sb. to do；used to do；prefer to do；it’s+adj.+for/of sb. to do；too……to；in order to等；②注意使役动词（make/let/have）后不定式省略to，但被动语态中必须还原to（be made to do）；③不定式在句中作目的状语（to power、to improve）或真正主语（it’s……to do）；④区分forget to do（未做）与forget doing（已做）。不定式是非谓语动词中出题量最大的类别，覆盖题型最全。 （18）（39）（49） 完形（55）（58） 完形（66）（70） （38） （13） 完形（53） 改错（92） （11）（23）（47） 完形（55） 改错（95） （22）（37） 完形（51）（66） 改错（97） 动名词（doing） 考查动名词作动词宾语、介词宾语或主语。解题关键：①识别后接动名词作宾语的动词和固定搭配：finish doing、enjoy doing、mind doing、can’t help doing、stop doing（停止做某事）、keep doing、practice doing、suggest doing等；②介词后接动名词：be used to doing、look forward to doing、devote oneself to doing、way of doing、what about doing等；③need doing表被动含义（=need to be done）；④注意stop doing（停止做某事）与stop to do（停下来去做）的区分。动名词主要在单项选择和完形填空中考查。 完形（56） 改错（92） 完形（65） （20）（34） 完形（65） （48） 完形（67） （48） 分词（现在分词/过去分词） 考查分词作定语、状语和宾足补。解题关键：①作定语时判断与所修饰名词的关系：主动/进行用现在分词（the boy standing under the tree），被动/完成用过去分词（a teacher respected by all）；②作状语时找准逻辑主语：现在分词表主动、同时发生（Sitting next to the window……），过去分词表被动、先于谓语动词（Seen from the hill……）；③作宾足补时判断与宾语的关系：see sb. doing（正在做）、see sb. do（做了）、have sth. done（使某事被做）。分词考查频率相对较低但难度较大，多在语法知识和短文改错中出现。 （44） （45） （45） 改错（99） （37） 改错（98） 【考点1 非谓语动词概述】 概念：非谓语动词是指在句中不充当谓语的动词形式，它不受主语人称和数的限制，但可以有自己的宾语和状语，构成非谓语动词短语。 基本形式： 形式 构成 功能 例词 动词不定式 to+动词原形 主语、宾语、宾补、定语、状语、表语 to do, to speak 动名词 动词原形+ing 主语、宾语、定语、表语 doing, speaking 现在分词 动词原形+ing 定语、状语、宾补、表语 doing, speaking 过去分词 动词原形+ed / 不规则变化 定语、状语、宾补、表语 done, spoken 非谓语动词的共同特征： · 不能单独作谓语。 · 没有人称和数的变化。 · 可以有自己的宾语和状语。 · 有时态和语态的变化。 判断方法：当句子中已有谓语动词，且没有连词连接时，另一个动词必须用非谓语形式。 例：I want to go home.（want是谓语，go用不定式） 例：He enjoys reading books.（enjoys是谓语，read用动名词） 即时训练 找出下列句子中的非谓语动词： 1. She wants to learn English well. 2. He enjoys playing basketball. 3. The boy sitting there is my brother. 4. The book written by Mo Yan is very popular. 5. 判断对错：He decided go to Beijing. 【考点2 动词不定式（to do）】 一、动词不定式作主语 结构：To do sth.+谓语+... 例：To learn English well is important. 学好英语很重要。 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 常用句型：It is+adj.+to do sth.（it作形式主语，不定式作真正主语） 例：It is important to learn English well. 学好英语很重要。 例：It is difficult to finish the work on time. 按时完成工作很困难。 常见形容词：easy, difficult, hard, important, necessary, possible, impossible, kind, nice, good, clever, foolish for/of sb.+to do 的区别： It is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.：形容词修饰事物用for（如easy, difficult, important, necessary） 例：It is important for us to study hard. 对我们来说努力学习很重要。 It is+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.：形容词修饰人用of（如kind, nice, good, clever, foolish, wise） 例：It is kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太善良了。 二、动词不定式作宾语 常见动词+to do： 类别 动词 想要/希望 want, wish, hope, expect, desire 决定/计划 decide, plan, choose, determine 承诺/拒绝 promise, refuse, offer, agree 学习/尝试 learn, try, manage, attempt 忘记/记得 forget, remember（意义不同） 其他 fail, afford, prepare, seem, pretend, appear 例： He decided to study abroad. 他决定出国留学。 She promised to help me. 她答应帮助我。 I hope to see you again. 我希望再次见到你。 注意：forget to do（忘记去做）vs forget doing（忘记做过） I forgot to lock the door. 我忘了锁门。（门没锁） I forgot locking the door. 我忘了已经锁过门了。（门已经锁了） 三、动词不定式作宾补 结构：动词+宾语+to do 常见动词：ask, tell, want, encourage, allow, invite, order, force, warn, expect, remind, advise, permit 例： My teacher encourages me to study harder. 我的老师鼓励我更加努力学习。 He asked me to help him. 他请求我帮助他。 She told me to wait for her. 她告诉我等她。 注意：make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel等动词后接不定式作宾补时，省略to。 主动：They made him work all day. 他们让他整天工作。 主动：I saw him cross the street. 我看见他过马路。 但在被动语态中，to必须恢复： He was made to work all day. 他被要求整天工作。 He was seen to cross the street. 他被看见过马路。 四、动词不定式作定语 结构：名词+to do 用法：不定式与所修饰的名词之间常存在动宾关系或主谓关系。 例： I have a lot of homework to do. 我有许多作业要做。（动宾关系：do homework） She is the first person to come. 她是第一个来的人。（主谓关系：person comes） 五、动词不定式作状语 结构：to do 表示目的、结果、原因 1. 目的状语：常用结构：in order to do, so as to do。 He came to borrow my book. 他来借我的书。 She got up early to catch the bus. 她早起是为了赶公交车。 He got up early in order to catch the bus. 他早起为了赶公交车。 2. 结果状语：常用结构：too...to...（太……而不能……）、enough to...（足够……而能……）。 He grew up to be a famous scientist. 他长大后成了一名著名科学家。 She woke up to find everyone gone. 她醒来发现所有人都走了。 He is too young to go to school. 他太小了不能上学。 She is old enough to drive a car. 她够年龄开车了。 3. 原因状语：常见形容词：happy, glad, pleased, sorry, surprised, disappointed, sad I am glad to see you. 我很高兴见到你。 She was surprised to hear the news. 她听到这个消息很惊讶。 六、动词不定式作表语 结构：主语+be+to do 用法：表示计划、安排、义务或可能性。 例： My dream is to become a teacher. 我的梦想是成为一名老师。 His plan is to start a business. 他的计划是创业。 The meeting is to be held tomorrow. 会议将在明天举行。 即时训练 6. The students decided ______ a survey about water saving. A. make B. making C. to make D. made 7. He went to the workshop early ______ the machine. A. check B. to check C. checking D. checked 8. The teacher asked us ______ the report before Friday. A. finish B. to finish C. finishing D. finished 9. The boy was made ______ the classroom after school. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned 10. She hopes ______ a nurse after graduation. A. become B. becomes C. to become D. becoming 【考点3 动名词（doing）】 一、动名词作主语 结构：Doing sth.+谓语+... 例： Reading books is helpful. 读书是有益的。 Swimming is a good sport. 游泳是一项好运动。 常用句型：It is+adj.+doing sth.（it作形式主语，动名词作真正主语） 例：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 例：It is no good staying up too late. 熬夜没有好处。 注意：动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 二、动名词作宾语 常见动词+doing： 类别 动词 喜欢/享受 enjoy, like, love, prefer, feel like 完成/结束 finish, complete 练习/实践 practice 介意/避免 mind, avoid, escape 建议/考虑 suggest, consider, imagine 习惯/坚持 be used to, keep, keep on, insist on 其他 admit, deny, risk, can't help, be busy, be worth 例： He enjoys reading books. 他喜欢读书。 She finished doing her homework. 她做完作业了。 You should practice speaking English every day. 你应该每天练习说英语。 注意：stop to do（停下来去做）vs stop doing（停止在做） He stopped to smoke. 他停下来去抽烟。 He stopped smoking. 他停止抽烟了。 三、介词后接动名词 结构：介词+doing 例： He is good at swimming. 他擅长游泳。 Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你帮助我。 I am interested in collecting stamps. 我对集邮感兴趣。 She is looking forward to meeting you. 她期待见到你。 常见短语：be good at, be interested in, be fond of, be proud of, look forward to, pay attention to, devote...to, get used to 注意：to在短语中可能是介词（后接doing），也可能是不定式符号（后接do）。需熟记常见短语。 介词to：look forward to doing, pay attention to doing, be used to doing 不定式to：want to do, decide to do, hope to do 四、动名词作定语 例： a swimming pool 游泳池（= a pool for swimming） a reading room 阅览室（= a room for reading） a sleeping bag 睡袋（= a bag for sleeping） 动名词作定语 vs 现在分词作定语： 动名词作定语：表示用途（a swimming pool = a pool for swimming） 现在分词作定语：表示动作正在进行（a swimming boy = a boy who is swimming） 五、动名词作表语 例： Her hobby is collecting stamps. 她的爱好是集邮。 My job is teaching English. 我的工作是教英语。 动名词作表语 vs 现在分词作表语： 动名词作表语：说明主语的内容（My job is teaching.） 现在分词作表语：说明主语的特征（The story is interesting.） 即时训练 11. Would you mind ______ the window? A. close B. to close C. closing D. closed 12. The workers kept ______ until the machine worked well. A. test B. testing C. to test D. tested 13. He is good at ______ damaged bikes. A. repair B. repaired C. repairing D. to repair 14. ______ English every morning helps improve pronunciation. A. Read B. Reading C. To reading D. Reads 15. They avoided ______ the same mistake in the experiment. A. make B. making C. to make D. made 【考点4 分词（现在分词doing / 过去分词done）】 一、分词作定语： 1. 现在分词作定语：表示主动、进行 a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleeping 一个正在睡觉的男孩 a flying bird = a bird that is flying 一只正在飞的鸟 an interesting story = a story that is interesting 一个有趣的故事 2. 过去分词作定语：表示被动、完成 a broken window = a window that was broken 一扇被打碎的窗户 a written report = a report that has been written 一份写好的报告 an excited child = a child who is excited 一个兴奋的孩子 3. 单个分词作定语：放在名词前 例：a sleeping boy, a broken window 4. 分词短语作定语：放在名词后 例：The boy sitting there is my brother. 坐在那里的男孩是我弟弟。 例：The book written by Mo Yan is popular. 莫言写的那本书很受欢迎。 二、分词作状语 1. 现在分词作状语：表示主动、进行，与主语是主动关系 例： Seeing the teacher, the students stood up. 看到老师，学生们站了起来。（主动） Walking in the park, I met an old friend. 在公园散步时，我遇到了一位老朋友。（主动） Being ill, she stayed at home. 因为生病，她待在家里。（原因） 2. 过去分词作状语：表示被动、完成，与主语是被动关系 例： Given more time, I can do it better. 如果给我更多时间，我能做得更好。（被动） Surprised at the news, she couldn't speak. 听到这个消息很惊讶，她说不出话来。（被动） Built in 2020, the school is very modern. 这所学校建于2020年，非常现代化。（被动） 三、分词作宾补 1. 现在分词作宾补：表示动作正在进行，与宾语是主动关系，常见动词：see, hear, watch, notice, find, keep, feel, have。 例： I saw him playing basketball on the playground. 我看见他在操场上打篮球。 She heard someone singing in the next room. 她听见有人在隔壁唱歌。 He kept me waiting for a long time. 他让我等了很长时间。 2. 过去分词作宾补：表示动作已完成，与宾语是被动关系，常见动词：have, get, make, see, hear, find, want 例： I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天理发了。（让别人剪了头发） He got his car repaired. 他让人修了他的车。 I found the door locked. 我发现门锁着。 四、分词作表语 1. 现在分词作表语：表示主语的特征，意为“令人……的” 例： The story is interesting. 这个故事很有趣。 The movie is exciting. 这部电影很刺激。 The news is surprising. 这个消息很令人惊讶。 2. 过去分词作表语：表示主语的状态，意为“感到……的” 例： I am interested in the story. 我对这个故事感兴趣。 She is excited about the trip. 她对这次旅行很兴奋。 He is tired after the long walk. 走了很长的路，他很累。 常见分词形容词： 现在分词（令人……的） 过去分词（感到……的） interesting 有趣的 interested 感兴趣的 exciting 刺激的 excited 兴奋的 surprising 令人惊讶的 surprised 惊讶的 disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 失望的 tiring 令人疲劳的 tired 疲劳的 boring 令人无聊的 bored 无聊的 frightening 令人害怕的 frightened 害怕的 即时训练 16. The boy ______ under the tree is my classmate. A. read B. reads C. reading D. readed 17. The book ______ by the young writer is popular. A. write B. writing C. written D. wrote 18. The news was so ______ that everyone became ______. A. exciting; excited B. excited; exciting C. exciting; exciting D. excited; excited 19. The machine ______ in the factory yesterday will be sent to Changchun. A. repaired B. repairing C. repairs D. to repair 20. The girl ______ with the manager is our monitor. A. talked B. talking C. to talk D. talks 【考点5 非谓语动词的时态与语态】 一、非谓语动词的时态 时态 不定式 动名词 现在分词 一般式 to do doing doing 进行式 to be doing / / 完成式 to have done having done having done 1. 一般式：表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或发生在之后。 I hope to see you soon. 我希望很快见到你。（see发生在hope之后） He enjoys reading books. 他喜欢读书。（reading与enjoys同时） 2. 进行式：表示动作正在进行。 She seems to be sleeping. 她好像在睡觉。 He pretended to be reading. 他假装在看书。 3. 完成式：表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 很抱歉让你等了。 He is said to have gone abroad. 据说他已经出国了。 Having finished his homework, he went to bed. 做完作业后，他上床睡觉了。 二、非谓语动词的语态 语态 不定式 动名词 现在分词 主动 to do doing doing 被动一般式 to be done being done being done 被动完成式 to have been done having been done having been done 1. 不定式被动式：to be done The book is to be published next month. 这本书将在下个月出版。 There is a lot of work to be done. 有很多工作要做。 2. 动名词被动式：being done He enjoys being praised. 他喜欢被表扬。 I don't like being treated like that. 我不喜欢被那样对待。 3. 现在分词被动式：being done The building being built now is a hospital. 正在建造的那栋建筑是一家医院。 Being asked to sing, she felt shy. 被要求唱歌时，她感到害羞。 4. 过去分词：done（本身表示被动、完成） The book written by Mo Yan is popular. 莫言写的那本书很受欢迎。 Surprised at the news, she cried. 听到这个消息很惊讶，她哭了。 即时训练 21. I am sorry ______ you waiting. A. keep B. to keep C. to have kept D. having kept 22. He is said ______ abroad. A. go B. to go C. to have gone D. going 23. The building ______ now is a hospital. A. build B. to build C. being built D. built 24. He enjoys ______. A. praise B. to praise C. being praised D. praising 25. ______ his homework, he went to bed. A. Finish B. To finish C. Having finished D. Finished 题型迁移·专项应用 26. 错误识别：He is interested in learn computer skills. A. interested B. in C. learn D. skills 27. 错误识别：The boy finished to clean the classroom at five. A. finished B. to clean C. classroom D. at 28. 错误识别：I saw him repaired the machine just now. A. saw B. him C. repaired D. machine 29. 错误识别：She had her watch repair yesterday. A. had B. watch C. repair D. yesterday 30. 错误识别：They decided joining the volunteer team. A. decided B. joining C. volunteer D. team 31. The manager encouraged the young worker ______ the problem by himself. A. solve B. to solve C. solving D. solved 32. The girl is busy ______ for the speech contest. A. prepare B. preparing C. to prepare D. prepared 33. The cup ______ on the table belongs to my teacher. A. placing B. placed C. place D. to place 34. We found the little boy ______ at the gate. A. cry B. crying C. cried D. to cry 35. He used the dictionary ______ the new word. A. check B. checking C. to check D. checked 36. 错误识别：Would you like going shopping with us? A. Would B. like going C. shopping D. us 37. 错误识别：This is a problem discussed tomorrow. A. This B. problem C. discussed D. tomorrow 38. 错误识别：Keep to practice and you will make progress. A. Keep B. to practice C. will make D. progress 39. The old man sat there, ______ the children play games. A. watch B. watching C. watched D. to watch 40. The meeting room needs ______ before the visitors arrive. A. clean B. cleaning C. to cleaning D. cleaned 41. （2021年吉林省高职高专院校单独招生统一考试英语试题第92题）Have you finished wash the dishes?（指出错误） A. Have B. finished C. wash D. dishes 42. （2022年吉林省高职院校单招中职英语真题第96题）You should have your hair cutting, for it is too long.（指出错误） A. should have B. your hair C. cutting D. for 43. （2023年吉林省高职高专院校单独招生统一考试英语试题第34题）Hearing the good news, she can’t help ________. A. laugh B. laughing C. laughs D. laughed 44. （2024年吉林省高职高专院校单独招生统一考试中职英语试题第48题）The question needs ________ further. A. discuss B. discussing C. discussed D. to discussing 45. （2025年吉林省职教高考对口高考统考中职英语试卷第97题）People are not allowed speaking loudly in the library.（指出错误） A. are not allowed B. speaking C. loudly D. in the library 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：2027年吉林省（高职分类考试）《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练。本资料紧扣吉林省高职分类考试中职英语真题考情，将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单，以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础，再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强，实操性好，为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径，高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是2027年吉林省（高职分类考试）《英语一轮讲练测》的第7个专题，内容为非谓语动词。 2027年吉林省（高职分类考试） 《英语一轮讲练测》复习讲义 专题07 非谓语动词 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 考点1 非谓语动词概述 即时训练 考点2 动词不定式（to do） 即时训练 考点3 动名词（doing） 即时训练 考点4 分词（现在分词doing / 过去分词done） 即时训练 考点5 非谓语动词的时态与语态 即时训练 04 真题溯源·考向感知 考点 内容解读 吉林省2021—2025年高职分类考试真题统计 2021年 2022年 2023年 2024年 2025年 动词不定式（to do） 考查动词不定式作主语、宾语、宾足补、目的状语和定语等。解题关键：①识别常见后接不定式的动词和固定搭配：allow/encourage/want/would like/ask/tell sb. to do；used to do；prefer to do；it’s+adj.+for/of sb. to do；too……to；in order to等；②注意使役动词（make/let/have）后不定式省略to，但被动语态中必须还原to（be made to do）；③不定式在句中作目的状语（to power、to improve）或真正主语（it’s……to do）；④区分forget to do（未做）与forget doing（已做）。不定式是非谓语动词中出题量最大的类别，覆盖题型最全。 （18）（39）（49） 完形（55）（58） 完形（66）（70） （38） （13） 完形（53） 改错（92） （11）（23）（47） 完形（55） 改错（95） （22）（37） 完形（51）（66） 改错（97） 动名词（doing） 考查动名词作动词宾语、介词宾语或主语。解题关键：①识别后接动名词作宾语的动词和固定搭配：finish doing、enjoy doing、mind doing、can’t help doing、stop doing（停止做某事）、keep doing、practice doing、suggest doing等；②介词后接动名词：be used to doing、look forward to doing、devote oneself to doing、way of doing、what about doing等；③need doing表被动含义（=need to be done）；④注意stop doing（停止做某事）与stop to do（停下来去做）的区分。动名词主要在单项选择和完形填空中考查。 完形（56） 改错（92） 完形（65） （20）（34） 完形（65） （48） 完形（67） （48） 分词（现在分词/过去分词） 考查分词作定语、状语和宾足补。解题关键：①作定语时判断与所修饰名词的关系：主动/进行用现在分词（the boy standing under the tree），被动/完成用过去分词（a teacher respected by all）；②作状语时找准逻辑主语：现在分词表主动、同时发生（Sitting next to the window……），过去分词表被动、先于谓语动词（Seen from the hill……）；③作宾足补时判断与宾语的关系：see sb. doing（正在做）、see sb. do（做了）、have sth. done（使某事被做）。分词考查频率相对较低但难度较大，多在语法知识和短文改错中出现。 （44） （45） （45） 改错（99） （37） 改错（98） 【考点1 非谓语动词概述】 概念：非谓语动词是指在句中不充当谓语的动词形式，它不受主语人称和数的限制，但可以有自己的宾语和状语，构成非谓语动词短语。 基本形式： 形式 构成 功能 例词 动词不定式 to+动词原形 主语、宾语、宾补、定语、状语、表语 to do, to speak 动名词 动词原形+ing 主语、宾语、定语、表语 doing, speaking 现在分词 动词原形+ing 定语、状语、宾补、表语 doing, speaking 过去分词 动词原形+ed / 不规则变化 定语、状语、宾补、表语 done, spoken 非谓语动词的共同特征： · 不能单独作谓语。 · 没有人称和数的变化。 · 可以有自己的宾语和状语。 · 有时态和语态的变化。 判断方法：当句子中已有谓语动词，且没有连词连接时，另一个动词必须用非谓语形式。 例：I want to go home.（want是谓语，go用不定式） 例：He enjoys reading books.（enjoys是谓语，read用动名词） 即时训练 找出下列句子中的非谓语动词： 1. She wants to learn English well. 【答案】to learn 【解析】wants是谓语动词，to learn是非谓语动词（不定式），作宾语。 2. He enjoys playing basketball. 【答案】playing 【解析】enjoys是谓语动词，playing是非谓语动词（动名词），作宾语。 3. The boy sitting there is my brother. 【答案】sitting 【解析】is是谓语动词，sitting是非谓语动词（现在分词），作定语修饰The boy。 4. The book written by Mo Yan is very popular. 【答案】written 【解析】is是谓语动词，written是非谓语动词（过去分词），作定语修饰The book。 5. 判断对错：He decided go to Beijing. 【答案】错误，应改为He decided to go to Beijing. 【解析】decide后需接不定式to do作宾语，不能直接接动词原形。 【考点2 动词不定式（to do）】 一、动词不定式作主语 结构：To do sth.+谓语+... 例：To learn English well is important. 学好英语很重要。 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 常用句型：It is+adj.+to do sth.（it作形式主语，不定式作真正主语） 例：It is important to learn English well. 学好英语很重要。 例：It is difficult to finish the work on time. 按时完成工作很困难。 常见形容词：easy, difficult, hard, important, necessary, possible, impossible, kind, nice, good, clever, foolish for/of sb.+to do 的区别： It is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.：形容词修饰事物用for（如easy, difficult, important, necessary） 例：It is important for us to study hard. 对我们来说努力学习很重要。 It is+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.：形容词修饰人用of（如kind, nice, good, clever, foolish, wise） 例：It is kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太善良了。 二、动词不定式作宾语 常见动词+to do： 类别 动词 想要/希望 want, wish, hope, expect, desire 决定/计划 decide, plan, choose, determine 承诺/拒绝 promise, refuse, offer, agree 学习/尝试 learn, try, manage, attempt 忘记/记得 forget, remember（意义不同） 其他 fail, afford, prepare, seem, pretend, appear 例： He decided to study abroad. 他决定出国留学。 She promised to help me. 她答应帮助我。 I hope to see you again. 我希望再次见到你。 注意：forget to do（忘记去做）vs forget doing（忘记做过） I forgot to lock the door. 我忘了锁门。（门没锁） I forgot locking the door. 我忘了已经锁过门了。（门已经锁了） 三、动词不定式作宾补 结构：动词+宾语+to do 常见动词：ask, tell, want, encourage, allow, invite, order, force, warn, expect, remind, advise, permit 例： My teacher encourages me to study harder. 我的老师鼓励我更加努力学习。 He asked me to help him. 他请求我帮助他。 She told me to wait for her. 她告诉我等她。 注意：make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel等动词后接不定式作宾补时，省略to。 主动：They made him work all day. 他们让他整天工作。 主动：I saw him cross the street. 我看见他过马路。 但在被动语态中，to必须恢复： He was made to work all day. 他被要求整天工作。 He was seen to cross the street. 他被看见过马路。 四、动词不定式作定语 结构：名词+to do 用法：不定式与所修饰的名词之间常存在动宾关系或主谓关系。 例： I have a lot of homework to do. 我有许多作业要做。（动宾关系：do homework） She is the first person to come. 她是第一个来的人。（主谓关系：person comes） 五、动词不定式作状语 结构：to do 表示目的、结果、原因 1. 目的状语：常用结构：in order to do, so as to do。 He came to borrow my book. 他来借我的书。 She got up early to catch the bus. 她早起是为了赶公交车。 He got up early in order to catch the bus. 他早起为了赶公交车。 2. 结果状语：常用结构：too...to...（太……而不能……）、enough to...（足够……而能……）。 He grew up to be a famous scientist. 他长大后成了一名著名科学家。 She woke up to find everyone gone. 她醒来发现所有人都走了。 He is too young to go to school. 他太小了不能上学。 She is old enough to drive a car. 她够年龄开车了。 3. 原因状语：常见形容词：happy, glad, pleased, sorry, surprised, disappointed, sad I am glad to see you. 我很高兴见到你。 She was surprised to hear the news. 她听到这个消息很惊讶。 六、动词不定式作表语 结构：主语+be+to do 用法：表示计划、安排、义务或可能性。 例： My dream is to become a teacher. 我的梦想是成为一名老师。 His plan is to start a business. 他的计划是创业。 The meeting is to be held tomorrow. 会议将在明天举行。 即时训练 6. The students decided ______ a survey about water saving. A. make B. making C. to make D. made 【答案】C 【详解】decide后接动词不定式to make。 7. He went to the workshop early ______ the machine. A. check B. to check C. checking D. checked 【答案】B 【详解】空格处表示目的，用to check。 8. The teacher asked us ______ the report before Friday. A. finish B. to finish C. finishing D. finished 【答案】B 【详解】ask sb. to do sth.为固定结构。 9. The boy was made ______ the classroom after school. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned 【答案】B 【详解】make sb. do变被动时，to要还原。 10. She hopes ______ a nurse after graduation. A. become B. becomes C. to become D. becoming 【答案】C 【详解】hope后接to do，表示希望做某事。 【考点3 动名词（doing）】 一、动名词作主语 结构：Doing sth.+谓语+... 例： Reading books is helpful. 读书是有益的。 Swimming is a good sport. 游泳是一项好运动。 常用句型：It is+adj.+doing sth.（it作形式主语，动名词作真正主语） 例：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 例：It is no good staying up too late. 熬夜没有好处。 注意：动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 二、动名词作宾语 常见动词+doing： 类别 动词 喜欢/享受 enjoy, like, love, prefer, feel like 完成/结束 finish, complete 练习/实践 practice 介意/避免 mind, avoid, escape 建议/考虑 suggest, consider, imagine 习惯/坚持 be used to, keep, keep on, insist on 其他 admit, deny, risk, can't help, be busy, be worth 例： He enjoys reading books. 他喜欢读书。 She finished doing her homework. 她做完作业了。 You should practice speaking English every day. 你应该每天练习说英语。 注意：stop to do（停下来去做）vs stop doing（停止在做） He stopped to smoke. 他停下来去抽烟。 He stopped smoking. 他停止抽烟了。 三、介词后接动名词 结构：介词+doing 例： He is good at swimming. 他擅长游泳。 Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你帮助我。 I am interested in collecting stamps. 我对集邮感兴趣。 She is looking forward to meeting you. 她期待见到你。 常见短语：be good at, be interested in, be fond of, be proud of, look forward to, pay attention to, devote...to, get used to 注意：to在短语中可能是介词（后接doing），也可能是不定式符号（后接do）。需熟记常见短语。 介词to：look forward to doing, pay attention to doing, be used to doing 不定式to：want to do, decide to do, hope to do 四、动名词作定语 例： a swimming pool 游泳池（= a pool for swimming） a reading room 阅览室（= a room for reading） a sleeping bag 睡袋（= a bag for sleeping） 动名词作定语 vs 现在分词作定语： 动名词作定语：表示用途（a swimming pool = a pool for swimming） 现在分词作定语：表示动作正在进行（a swimming boy = a boy who is swimming） 五、动名词作表语 例： Her hobby is collecting stamps. 她的爱好是集邮。 My job is teaching English. 我的工作是教英语。 动名词作表语 vs 现在分词作表语： 动名词作表语：说明主语的内容（My job is teaching.） 现在分词作表语：说明主语的特征（The story is interesting.） 即时训练 11. Would you mind ______ the window? A. close B. to close C. closing D. closed 【答案】C 【详解】mind后接doing。 12. The workers kept ______ until the machine worked well. A. test B. testing C. to test D. tested 【答案】B 【详解】keep doing表示持续做某事。 13. He is good at ______ damaged bikes. A. repair B. repaired C. repairing D. to repair 【答案】C 【详解】介词at后接动名词repairing。 14. ______ English every morning helps improve pronunciation. A. Read B. Reading C. To reading D. Reads 【答案】B 【详解】动名词短语作主语，表示一般性动作。 15. They avoided ______ the same mistake in the experiment. A. make B. making C. to make D. made 【答案】B 【详解】avoid后接doing。 【考点4 分词（现在分词doing / 过去分词done）】 一、分词作定语： 1. 现在分词作定语：表示主动、进行 a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleeping 一个正在睡觉的男孩 a flying bird = a bird that is flying 一只正在飞的鸟 an interesting story = a story that is interesting 一个有趣的故事 2. 过去分词作定语：表示被动、完成 a broken window = a window that was broken 一扇被打碎的窗户 a written report = a report that has been written 一份写好的报告 an excited child = a child who is excited 一个兴奋的孩子 3. 单个分词作定语：放在名词前 例：a sleeping boy, a broken window 4. 分词短语作定语：放在名词后 例：The boy sitting there is my brother. 坐在那里的男孩是我弟弟。 例：The book written by Mo Yan is popular. 莫言写的那本书很受欢迎。 二、分词作状语 1. 现在分词作状语：表示主动、进行，与主语是主动关系 例： Seeing the teacher, the students stood up. 看到老师，学生们站了起来。（主动） Walking in the park, I met an old friend. 在公园散步时，我遇到了一位老朋友。（主动） Being ill, she stayed at home. 因为生病，她待在家里。（原因） 2. 过去分词作状语：表示被动、完成，与主语是被动关系 例： Given more time, I can do it better. 如果给我更多时间，我能做得更好。（被动） Surprised at the news, she couldn't speak. 听到这个消息很惊讶，她说不出话来。（被动） Built in 2020, the school is very modern. 这所学校建于2020年，非常现代化。（被动） 三、分词作宾补 1. 现在分词作宾补：表示动作正在进行，与宾语是主动关系，常见动词：see, hear, watch, notice, find, keep, feel, have。 例： I saw him playing basketball on the playground. 我看见他在操场上打篮球。 She heard someone singing in the next room. 她听见有人在隔壁唱歌。 He kept me waiting for a long time. 他让我等了很长时间。 2. 过去分词作宾补：表示动作已完成，与宾语是被动关系，常见动词：have, get, make, see, hear, find, want 例： I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天理发了。（让别人剪了头发） He got his car repaired. 他让人修了他的车。 I found the door locked. 我发现门锁着。 四、分词作表语 1. 现在分词作表语：表示主语的特征，意为“令人……的” 例： The story is interesting. 这个故事很有趣。 The movie is exciting. 这部电影很刺激。 The news is surprising. 这个消息很令人惊讶。 2. 过去分词作表语：表示主语的状态，意为“感到……的” 例： I am interested in the story. 我对这个故事感兴趣。 She is excited about the trip. 她对这次旅行很兴奋。 He is tired after the long walk. 走了很长的路，他很累。 常见分词形容词： 现在分词（令人……的） 过去分词（感到……的） interesting 有趣的 interested 感兴趣的 exciting 刺激的 excited 兴奋的 surprising 令人惊讶的 surprised 惊讶的 disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 失望的 tiring 令人疲劳的 tired 疲劳的 boring 令人无聊的 bored 无聊的 frightening 令人害怕的 frightened 害怕的 即时训练 16. The boy ______ under the tree is my classmate. A. read B. reads C. reading D. readed 【答案】C 【详解】boy与read之间为主动进行关系，用reading作后置定语。 17. The book ______ by the young writer is popular. A. write B. writing C. written D. wrote 【答案】C 【详解】book承受write动作，用过去分词written作定语。 18. The news was so ______ that everyone became ______. A. exciting; excited B. excited; exciting C. exciting; exciting D. excited; excited 【答案】A 【详解】news令人兴奋用exciting；everyone感到兴奋用excited。 19. The machine ______ in the factory yesterday will be sent to Changchun. A. repaired B. repairing C. repairs D. to repair 【答案】A 【详解】machine承受repair动作，且已修理完成，用repaired。 20. The girl ______ with the manager is our monitor. A. talked B. talking C. to talk D. talks 【答案】B 【详解】girl发出talk动作，用现在分词talking作定语。 【考点5 非谓语动词的时态与语态】 一、非谓语动词的时态 时态 不定式 动名词 现在分词 一般式 to do doing doing 进行式 to be doing / / 完成式 to have done having done having done 1. 一般式：表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或发生在之后。 I hope to see you soon. 我希望很快见到你。（see发生在hope之后） He enjoys reading books. 他喜欢读书。（reading与enjoys同时） 2. 进行式：表示动作正在进行。 She seems to be sleeping. 她好像在睡觉。 He pretended to be reading. 他假装在看书。 3. 完成式：表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 很抱歉让你等了。 He is said to have gone abroad. 据说他已经出国了。 Having finished his homework, he went to bed. 做完作业后，他上床睡觉了。 二、非谓语动词的语态 语态 不定式 动名词 现在分词 主动 to do doing doing 被动一般式 to be done being done being done 被动完成式 to have been done having been done having been done 1. 不定式被动式：to be done The book is to be published next month. 这本书将在下个月出版。 There is a lot of work to be done. 有很多工作要做。 2. 动名词被动式：being done He enjoys being praised. 他喜欢被表扬。 I don't like being treated like that. 我不喜欢被那样对待。 3. 现在分词被动式：being done The building being built now is a hospital. 正在建造的那栋建筑是一家医院。 Being asked to sing, she felt shy. 被要求唱歌时，她感到害羞。 4. 过去分词：done（本身表示被动、完成） The book written by Mo Yan is popular. 莫言写的那本书很受欢迎。 Surprised at the news, she cried. 听到这个消息很惊讶，她哭了。 即时训练 21. I am sorry ______ you waiting. A. keep B. to keep C. to have kept D. having kept 【答案】C 【解析】不定式完成式to have kept表示动作发生在谓语之前，“已经让你等了”。 22. He is said ______ abroad. A. go B. to go C. to have gone D. going 【答案】C 【解析】be said to do sth.是固定搭配，to have gone表示动作发生在谓语之前，“已经出国了”。 23. The building ______ now is a hospital. A. build B. to build C. being built D. built 【答案】C 【解析】现在分词被动式being built表示“正在被建造的”，作定语修饰The building。 24. He enjoys ______. A. praise B. to praise C. being praised D. praising 【答案】C 【解析】enjoy doing sth.，此处用动名词被动式being praised，表示“被表扬”。 25. ______ his homework, he went to bed. A. Finish B. To finish C. Having finished D. Finished 【答案】C 【解析】现在分词完成式Having finished表示动作发生在谓语之前，“做完作业后”。 题型迁移·专项应用 26. 错误识别：He is interested in learn computer skills. A. interested B. in C. learn D. skills 【答案】C 【详解】介词in后应接动名词learning。 27. 错误识别：The boy finished to clean the classroom at five. A. finished B. to clean C. classroom D. at 【答案】B 【详解】finish后接doing，应为cleaning。 28. 错误识别：I saw him repaired the machine just now. A. saw B. him C. repaired D. machine 【答案】C 【详解】see sb. do sth.表示看见全过程，应为repair。 29. 错误识别：She had her watch repair yesterday. A. had B. watch C. repair D. yesterday 【答案】C 【详解】watch承受repair动作，应为repaired。 30. 错误识别：They decided joining the volunteer team. A. decided B. joining C. volunteer D. team 【答案】B 【详解】decide后接to do，应为to join。 31. The manager encouraged the young worker ______ the problem by himself. A. solve B. to solve C. solving D. solved 【答案】B 【详解】encourage sb. to do sth.为固定结构。 32. The girl is busy ______ for the speech contest. A. prepare B. preparing C. to prepare D. prepared 【答案】B 【详解】be busy doing sth.表示忙于做某事。 33. The cup ______ on the table belongs to my teacher. A. placing B. placed C. place D. to place 【答案】B 【详解】cup承受place动作，用placed作后置定语。 34. We found the little boy ______ at the gate. A. cry B. crying C. cried D. to cry 【答案】B 【详解】find sb. doing表示发现某人正在做。 35. He used the dictionary ______ the new word. A. check B. checking C. to check D. checked 【答案】C 【详解】不定式to check表示目的。 36. 错误识别：Would you like going shopping with us? A. Would B. like going C. shopping D. us 【答案】B 【详解】would like后接to do，应为would like to go。 37. 错误识别：This is a problem discussed tomorrow. A. This B. problem C. discussed D. tomorrow 【答案】C 【详解】tomorrow表示将来，应为to be discussed。 38. 错误识别：Keep to practice and you will make progress. A. Keep B. to practice C. will make D. progress 【答案】B 【详解】keep后接doing，应为practicing。 39. The old man sat there, ______ the children play games. A. watch B. watching C. watched D. to watch 【答案】B 【详解】现在分词watching作伴随状语。 40. The meeting room needs ______ before the visitors arrive. A. clean B. cleaning C. to cleaning D. cleaned 【答案】B 【详解】need doing可表示被动意义，相当于need to be cleaned。 41. （2021年吉林省高职高专院校单独招生统一考试英语试题第92题）Have you finished wash the dishes?（指出错误） A. Have B. finished C. wash D. dishes 【答案】C 【详解】finish后接动名词，wash应改为washing。 42. （2022年吉林省高职院校单招中职英语真题第96题）You should have your hair cutting, for it is too long.（指出错误） A. should have B. your hair C. cutting D. for 【答案】C 【详解】have sth. done表示让某物被做，hair承受cut动作，应改为cut。 43. （2023年吉林省高职高专院校单独招生统一考试英语试题第34题）Hearing the good news, she can’t help ________. A. laugh B. laughing C. laughs D. laughed 【答案】B 【详解】can’t help doing表示忍不住做某事。 44. （2024年吉林省高职高专院校单独招生统一考试中职英语试题第48题）The question needs ________ further. A. discuss B. discussing C. discussed D. to discussing 【答案】B 【详解】need doing可表示被动意义，question承受discuss动作。 45. （2025年吉林省职教高考对口高考统考中职英语试卷第97题）People are not allowed speaking loudly in the library.（指出错误） A. are not allowed B. speaking C. loudly D. in the library 【答案】B 【详解】be allowed to do为固定结构，speaking应改为to speak。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $