内容正文:
编写说明:2027年吉林省(高职分类考试)《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练。本资料紧扣吉林省高职分类考试中职英语真题考情,将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单,以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础,再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强,实操性好,为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径,高效赋能备考提分。
本专题是2027年吉林省(高职分类考试)《英语一轮讲练测》的第5个专题,内容为动词时态。
2027年吉林省(高职分类考试)
《英语一轮讲练测》复习讲义
专题05 动词时态
目录
01 考情解码·命题预警
02 体系构建·思维可视
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚
考点 动词时态
即时训练
04 真题溯源·考向感知
考点
内容解读
吉林省2021—2025年高职分类考试真题统计
2021年
2022年
2023年
2024年
2025年
一般现在时
考查表示经常性、习惯性动作或客观事实的时态,以及时间/条件状语从句中的“主将从现”规则。解题关键:①根据时间标志词(often、usually、every day等)或上下文语境判断;②注意主语为第三人称单数时动词加-s/-es(含不规则变化);③“主将从现”:if/unless/when等引导的状语从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时;④客观真理从句用一般现在时(即使主句为过去时)。常与主谓一致、被动语态结合考查。
(16)(19)(48) 完形(61)(64)
(34)
(39)
(32)(43) 完形(69)
改错(96)
一般过去时
考查表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。解题关键:①根据yesterday、last week、ten years ago、just now、in+ 过去年份等时间标志词或上下文语境判断时态;②正确使用动词过去式,尤其是不规则动词;③短文改错中常考查时态混用(如将过去时误用为现在时)以及设定时间状语后未用过去时;④常与被动语态结合(was/were+ 过去分词)。在单项选择、完形填空和短文改错中均有分布。
(22)(33)(43) 改错(93)(96)
(44) 完形(60)(69)
(44)(47) 完形(54)(57) 完形(58)(67) 改错(93)
(44)
(49)
一般将来时
考查表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,常见表达方式包括will do、be going to do等。解题关键:①根据tomorrow、next week、next month、in+ 一段时间等时间标志词判断;②注意“主将从现”规则中主句用将来时、从句用一般现在时;③常与被动语态结合(will be+ 过去分词)。考查频率相对较低,五年中仅两年直接设题,但多与“主将从现”交叉考查。
(46)
(36)
现在进行时、过去进行时与现在完成时
考查进行时态和完成时态的构成与用法。主要包括:①现在进行时(am/is/are+doing):表示正在进行的动作或近期计划,常与now、at present、Look!/Listen!等连用,也可与被动语态结合(is being spread);②过去进行时(was/were+doing):表示过去某一时刻正在进行,常与when/while引导的时间状语从句连用;③现在完成时(have/has+done):表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响或结果,常与for+时段、since、already、yet等连用,注意延续性动词与非延续性动词的区分。五年中每年均有设题,现在完成时出题频率最高。
(40) 完形(53)(59)
(41)
(46)
(45)(46)
(38)(45) 改错(100)
动词时态是吉林省高职分类考试英语真题中覆盖最广、设题最多的核心语法板块,在词汇知识、语法知识、完形填空和短文改错中均大量出现。从2021—2025年的真题来看,命题围绕五种时态展开:
一是一般现在时,考查经常性/习惯性动作、客观事实/真理、“主将从现”规则以及主谓一致中第三人称单数加-s/-es;
二是一般过去时,考查过去时间状语(yesterday、last……、……ago、in+ 过去年份等)、上下文叙事语境判断以及不规则动词过去式;
三是一般将来时,考查will do、be going to do以及“主将从现”中主句的将来时;
四是进行时态(现在进行时、过去进行时),考查时间状语判断和被动语态结合;
五是完成时态,考查“have/has+过去分词”结构、延续性动词与非延续性动词区分以及常见标志词(for+ 时段、since、in the past……years等)。
时态考查常与被动语态、主谓一致、虚拟语气交叉出题,是复习的重中之重。
【考点1 动词的时态】
一、动词的时态
(1)定义
英语中不同的时间和方式发生的动作或状态需用谓语动词的不同形式来表示,这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称为动词的时态。
(2)英语16种时态(中职对口升学要求掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时。)
体态分类
现在时间
过去时间
将来时间
过去将来时间
一般式(陈述事实)
一般现在时 do/does
一般过去时 did
一般将来时 will do
过去将来时 would do
进行式(正在进行)
现在进行时 am/is/are doing
过去进行时 was/were doing
将来进行时 will be doing
过去将来进行时 would be doing
完成式(动作完成)
现在完成时 have/has done
过去完成时 had done
将来完成时 will have done
过去将来完成时 would have done
完成进行式(持续进行)
现在完成进行时 have/has been doing
过去完成进行时 had been doing
将来完成进行时 will have been doing
过去将来完成进行时 would have been doing
二、一般现在时
(1)一般现在时的构成
句式
实义动词
Be动词
肯定句
主语 + 动词原形 / 动词第三人称单数 + 其他
主语 + am / is / are + 其他
否定式
主语 + don’t / doesn’t + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + am / is / are + not + 其他
一般疑问式
Do / Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
Am / Is / Are + 主语 + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + do / does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
特殊疑问式 | 疑问词 + am / is / are + 主语 + 其他?
(2)一般现在时的用法
用法
结构
例句
表示经常性、习惯性的动作或行为
常搭配频率类时间标志词:always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day/week/month/year, on weekdays/on weekends
I usually get up at six o'clock every morning. 我通常每天早上六点起床。
She sometimes walks to school on weekends. 她周末有时步行去上学。
表示人、事物固有的身份、特征、性格、能力与状态
描述主语长期不变的属性、外貌、性格、爱好、拥有的能力、所处状态等,无明显时间限制。
He likes playing basketball. 他喜欢打篮球。
The little girl speaks English well. 这个小女孩英语说得很好。
表示客观真理、自然现象、科学规律
这类内容是永恒不变的事实,无论主句为何种时态,从句一律使用一般现在时。
My teacher said the earth goes around the sun. 地球围绕太阳运转。
表示格言、谚语、俗语
名言警句、人生哲理、传统谚语属于通用道理,固定使用一般现在时。
Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧
用于 “主将从现” 语法结构
条件状语从句(引导词:if, unless)
If it is fine tomorrow, we will go for a picnic. 如果明天天气好,我们就去野餐。
You will fail unless you work hard. 你如果不努力,就会失败。
时间状语从句(引导词:when, as soon as, until, before, after)
I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back. 他一回来,我就把消息告诉他。
She will wait here until you arrive. 她会在这里一直等到你到来。
表示按时刻表、日程表、既定安排将要发生的动作
多用于交通、课程、演出、赛事等有固定时间安排的场景,强调计划不可随意更改,常用动词:go, come, leave, arrive, start, begin, finish, take off。
The train leaves at seven thirty. 这趟火车七点三十分发车。
课程安排:Our class begins at 8:00 a.m. 我们上午八点开始上课。
用于现场解说、图片 / 图文描述、剧情介绍
解说员实时描述正在发生的比赛、表演动作,习惯使用一般现在时。
Li Ming passes the ball to Wang Tao. Wang Tao shoots! 李明把球传给王涛,王涛射门!
介绍画面里的人物、动作、场景。
Look at the picture. A boy sits under the big tree. 看这张图片,一个男孩坐在大树下。
概括故事内容、人物行为,统一使用一般现在时。
The story tells us a brave boy helps an old man. 这个故事讲述了一个勇敢的男孩帮助一位老人的故事。
三、一般过去时
(1)一般过去时的构成
句式
实义动词
Be动词
肯定句
主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他
主语 + was / were + 其他
否定式
主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + was / were + not + 其他
一般疑问式
Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
Was / Were + 主语 + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
(2)一般过去时的用法
用法
结构
例句
表示过去特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态
动作、状态发生并结束在过去某个明确时间,与现在无关联。常搭配时间标志词:yesterday、yesterday morning/afternoon、last week/year/month、...ago、just now、in + 过去年份、at + 过去具体时刻 等。
I met an old friend yesterday. 我昨天遇到了一位老朋友。She was in Beijing three years ago. 三年前她在北京。
表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作
描述过去一段时间内反复发生的行为,常搭配 often, usually, always, sometimes, every day(过去语境) 等频度词;也可用 used to do 强调 “过去常常做(现在已不做)”。
When I was young, I often played games after school. 我小时候,放学后经常玩游戏。He used to walk to school. 他过去常常步行去上学。(现在不再步行)
主句为过去将来时,从句使用一般过去时
对应现在时态的主将从现,若主句谓语为过去将来时(would do /was/were going to do),时间、条件状语从句要用一般过去时表 “过去视角下将要发生的动作”,也称主过从过。
He said he would go hiking if it was fine the next day. 他说如果第二天天气好,他就去远足。She told me she would call me as soon as she arrived home. 她告诉我,她一到家就给我打电话。
since 引导的时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时
since 意为 “自从…… 以来”,主句常用现在完成时,since 后面的从句必须使用一般过去时,用来标注动作 / 状态的起始时间点。基本句式:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + since + 主语 + 动词过去式
I have lived here since I was ten years old. 我从十岁起就住在这里了It has been five years since we met last time. 自从我们上次见面,已经过去五年了。
对话语境中,强调 “刚才、刚刚” 发生的动作
日常口语、情景对话里,用一般过去时强调片刻之前、刚刚完成的动作,侧重动作已经结束,区别于现在进行时。
— Why are you out of breath? 你为什么气喘吁吁? — I ran to the classroom. 我刚才跑着进教室的。
固定句型中使用一般过去时
It’s (high) time + 主语 + 动词过去式
固定句型,表示 “该做某事了”,从句用一般过去时表委婉建议、提醒,属于虚拟语气用法。
It’s time we went to bed. 我们该睡觉了。
would rather + 主语 + 动词过去式(虚拟语气)
would rather 意为 “宁愿”,后接从句时,从句使用一般过去时,表示与现在 / 将来事实相反的主观愿望。
I would rather you stayed at home now. 我宁愿你现在待在家里。
四、一般将来时
(1)一般将来时的构成(will / shall 结构)
句式
will / shall 结构
Be动词
肯定句
主语 + will / shall + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + will / shall + be + 其他
否定式
主语 + won’t / shan’t + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + won’t / shan’t + be + 其他
一般疑问式
Will / Shall + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
Will / Shall + 主语 + be + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + will / shall + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
疑问词 + will / shall + 主语 + be + 其他?
(2)一般将来时的构成(be going to 结构)
句式
be going to 结构
Be动词
肯定句
主语 + am / is / are going to + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + am / is / are going to + be + 其他
否定式
主语 + am / is / are not going to + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + am / is / are not going to + be + 其他
一般疑问式
Am / Is / Are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他?
Am / Is / Are + 主语 + going to + be + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + am / is / are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他?
疑问词 + am / is / are + 主语 + going to + be + 其他?
(3)一般将来时的特殊构成
结构
用法
例句
be doing(现在进行时表将来)
多用于表示位移、往返的动词:go、come、leave、arrive、fly、move、start、travel 等,侧重已安排好、即将发生的近期动作。
She is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 她明天动身前往上海。
We are coming to see you this weekend. 我们这周末要来看你。
be about to do(即将、正要做某事)
强调动作马上、立刻就要发生,时间间隔极短;不与 tomorrow, next week 等具体将来时间状语连用,常搭配 when 引导的时间状语从句。
The class is about to begin. 课马上就要开始了。
I was about to go out when it rained. 我正要出门,突然下起了雨。
be to do(按计划、命令、安排将要做)
多用于正式语境,侧重官方计划、规定、命令、注定发生的动作,常见于通知、新闻、正式安排。
The sports meeting is to be held next Friday. 运动会定于下周五举行。
You are to finish the task before noon. 你必须在中午前完成这项任务。
(4)一般将来时的用法
用法
结构
例句
搭配将来时间状语,表将来发生的动作或状态
常搭配时间标志词:
单个时间词:tomorrow(明天)、tonight(今晚)、soon(不久、很快)
含 next 短语:next day /next week /next month /next year(第二天 / 下周 / 下月 / 明年)
in + 时间段:in three days(三天后)、in a week(一周后)、in the future(在将来)
其他:later(稍后)、this afternoon /this evening(今天下午 / 今晚)
We will have a math test tomorrow. 我们明天将要进行数学测试。
She is going to visit her grandma next week. 她下周打算去看望奶奶。
祈使句 + and + 一般将来时
含义:表示顺承关系,译为 “做……,就会……”,前一个动作顺利发生,就会带来积极结果。
结构:动词原形开头 + 逗号 + and + 主语 + will + 动词原形
Work hard, and you will get good grades. 努力学习,你就会取得好成绩。
Read more books, and you will learn a lot. 多读书,你就会学到很多知识。
祈使句 + or + 一般将来时
含义:表示转折 / 警示关系,译为 “做……,否则……”,不执行前面的动作,就会产生不良后果。
结构:动词原形开头 + 逗号 + or + 主语 + will + 动词原形
Get up early, or you will be late for school. 早点起床,否则你上学就要迟到了。
Don’t run in the hallways, or you will hurt yourself. 不要在走廊奔跑,否则你会受伤。
五、过去将来时
(1)过去将来时的构成(would 结构)
句式
will / shall 结构
Be动词
肯定句
主语 + would + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + would + be + 其他
否定式
主语 + wouldn’t + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + wouldn’t + be + 其他
一般疑问式
Would + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
Would + 主语 + be + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + would + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
疑问词 + would + 主语 + be + 其他?
(2)过去将来时的构成(was / were going to 结构)
句式
be going to 结构
Be动词
肯定句
主语 + was / were going to + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + was / were going to + be + 其他
否定式
主语 + was / were not going to + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + was / were not going to + be + 其他
一般疑问式
Was / Were + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他?
Was / Were + 主语 + going to + be + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + was / were + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他?
疑问词 + was / were + 主语 + going to + be + 其他?
(3)过去将来时的用法
结构
用法
例句
would + 动词原形
多用于宾语从句,主句谓语动词为过去式(said/told/thought/hoped 等),转述他人当时的想法、打算、承诺。
He said he would help me with my English. 他说他会帮我补习英语。
描述过去习惯性的倾向、意愿。
When he was young, he would walk along the river after dinner. 他小时候,晚饭后总会沿着河边散步。
was /were going to + 动词原形
侧重过去已经计划、安排好,原本打算要做的事。
We were going to have a picnic, but it rained. 我们原本打算去野餐,结果下雨了。
可表示根据过去的迹象,判断当时即将发生的动作。
The sky was dark. It was going to rain. 当时天色阴沉,眼看就要下雨了。
常暗含 “计划最终没能实现” 的含义。
She was going to buy a new bike last month. 上个月她本来打算买一辆新自行车。
was /were about to do ... when ...
固定句式,意为 “某人正要做某事,就在这时……”。
was/were about to do 强调过去那一刻动作即将发生(时间极近,马上就要做);when 引导并列句,后接突然发生的短暂动作,用一般过去时。
I was about to leave when the teacher came in. 我正要离开,这时老师进来了。I was about to leave when the teacher came in. 我正要离开,这时老师进来了。
He was about to go to bed when his friend called him. 他刚要上床睡觉,朋友突然给他打来了电话。
六、现在进行时
(1)现在进行时的构成
句式
结构
肯定句
主语 + am / is / are + 动词-ing + 其他
否定式
主语 + am / is / are + not + 动词-ing + 其他
一般疑问式
Am / Is / Are + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + am / is / are + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他?
(2)现在进行时的用法
用法
常用标志词
例句
表示此时此刻正在进行的动作
常用标志词:now(现在)、look(看)、listen(听)、at the moment(此刻)
Look! The children are playing on the playground. 看!孩子们正在操场上玩耍。
表示现阶段正在进行,此刻未必在做的动作
常用标志词:these days(这些天)、recently(近来)、this week(这周)
He is learning French these days. 他这些天一直在学法语。(说话时不一定正在学)
表位置移动、往返类动词,用进行时表将来
常用动词:go, come, leave, arrive, fly, move, start, travel
My uncle is coming to visit us tomorrow. 我叔叔明天要来看我们。
She is leaving for Beijing next Monday. 她下周一动身前往北京。
现在进行时搭配 always、constantly,不再单纯描述习惯性动作,而是带有厌烦、不满、夸赞、惊讶等主观情绪
表不满、抱怨、批评
You are always talking in class. 你总在课堂上讲话。(抱怨)
表赞赏、夸奖
She is always helping others. 她总是乐于助人。(夸赞)
七、过去进行时
(1)过去进行时的构成
句式
结构
肯定句
主语 + was / were + 动词-ing + 其他
否定式
主语 + was / were + 动词-ing + 其他
一般疑问式
Was / Were + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + was / were + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他?
(2)过去进行时的用法
用法
常用标志词
例句
强调在过去精准的时间点,动作正在发生
常用标志词:at 8:00 last night(昨晚八点)、at this time yesterday(昨天这个时候)、then(那时)
I was watching TV at nine o'clock last night. 昨晚九点我正在看电视。
表示过去某一时间段持续进行的动作
all day yesterday(昨天一整天)、from morning to afternoon last Friday(上周五从早到晚)、during that period(在那段时间里)
She was reading books from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. yesterday. 昨天下午两点到四点她一直在看书。
when 引导从句
主句用过去进行时(长动作,持续进行),从句用一般过去时(短动作,突然发生),译为 “正在做某事,这时……”。
I was walking along the street when I met an old friend. 我正走在街上,这时遇到了一位老朋友。
while 引导从句
while 强调动作同步进行,主从句常用过去进行时,表示 “正当…… 的时候,与此同时……”。
My mother was cooking while my father was washing dishes. 妈妈在做饭,爸爸在洗碗。
位移类动词,过去进行时表过去将来
go、come、leave、arrive、fly、move 等位置移动类动词,可用过去进行时,表示从过去视角看,当时计划好、即将发生的动作。
He told me he was leaving for Guangzhou the next day. 他告诉我他第二天就要动身去广州。
过去进行时搭配 always、constantly,不再单纯描述过去习惯,而是抒发过去的厌烦、抱怨、赞赏等情绪
表抱怨、不满
He was always making mistakes when he studied here. 他在这儿学习时,老是犯错误。(抱怨)
表夸赞、肯定
She was always helping others when she was young. 她年少时总是乐于助人。(夸奖)
八、现在完成时
(1)现在完成时的构成
句式
结构
肯定句
主语 + have / has + 动词过去分词 + 其他
否定式
主语 + have / has + not + 动词过去分词 + 其他
一般疑问式
Have / Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + have / has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他?
(2)现在完成时的用法
用法
常用标志词
例句
表示过去发生的动作,对现在造成结果或影响
just(刚刚)、already(已经,多用于肯定句)、yet(还、已经,多用于否定句和疑问句末尾)
I have finished my homework. 我已经写完作业了。(影响:现在可以休息、玩耍)
She has lost her key. 她把钥匙弄丢了。(影响:现在没有钥匙,无法开门)
表示动作从过去某一时间开始,一直持续到现在(句中动词必须是延续性动词)
for + 一段时间,侧重描述动作持续的时长。
I have lived in this city for ten years. 我在这座城市已经住了十年。(十年前入住,现在仍住在这里)
since + 过去时间点(年份、日期、时刻)
He has worked here since 2018. 自从 2018 年起,他就在这里工作了。
since + 一般过去时从句(从句动作是时间起点)
I have known her since I was a child. 我从小就认识她了。
经典固定句型
It is / It has been + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时从句 (自从…… 以来,已经过去多久了)
It has been three years since we met last time. 自从我们上次见面,已经过去三年了。
描述从出生到现在为止,曾经有过或从未有过的经历、体验,强调 “人生履历”,动作可反复发生。
ever(曾经,多用于疑问句)、never(从未)、once(一次)、twice(两次)、several times(数次)
Have you ever been to Beijing? 你曾经去过北京吗?
I have never eaten Japanese food. 我从来没有吃过日本料理。
用于地点 / 场景类语境,结合语境表状态
多用于日常对话、场景描述,侧重当下所处状态
---Where is your mother? 你妈妈在哪?
---She has gone shopping. 她去购物了。(现在不在家)
用于主句,搭配 so far /up to now /in the past + 时间段
so far(到目前为止)、up to now(直到现在)、in the past five years(在过去五年里)、during these years(这些年来)
So far, we have learned over 800 words. 到目前为止,我们已经学了 800 多个单词。
Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years. 过去十年里,我的家乡发生了巨大变化。
宾语从句中的用法
主句为现在时态,从句描述 “至今为止的经历 / 影响”,从句用现在完成时。
He says he has finished his homework. 他说他已经写完作业了。
(3)拓展辨析:
have been to /have gone to /have been in
have been to + 地点
去过某地(现在已经返回,人在现场),侧重经历。
例:She has been to Guangzhou. 她去过广州。(现已回来)
have gone to + 地点
去了某地(人还在目的地,未返回,此刻不在现场)。
例:My father has gone to Wuhan. 我爸爸去武汉了。(人还在武汉)
have been in + 地点 + 时间段
待在某地(强调停留时长,常与 for/since 连用)。
例:We have been in Beijing for a month. 我们在北京待了一个月。
(4)短暂性动词转延续性动词:
短暂性动词
延续性动词
例句
die
be dead
His dog has been dead for two months.
buy / receive
have
I have had this book for two years.
marry
be married
They have been married for three years.
finish / end
be over
The film has been over for 10 minutes.
join
be in/ be a member of
He has been in the army for two years.
begin / start
be on
The meeting has been on for an hour.
borrow
keep
I have kept the book for a week.
fall asleep
be asleep
The baby has been asleep for three hours.
get to know
know
I have known him since 2020.
leave
be away
He has been away from home for a week.
arrive / come
be here / be in
She has been here since 9:00.
put on
wear / have on / be dressed in
She has worn this dress for a day.
fall ill
be ill
He has been ill for a week.
go out
be out
They have been out for two hours.
lose
be lost
My key has been lost for three days.
(5)“be + 形容词/副词/介词短语” 替代终止性动词:
用“be + 形容词”
用“be + 副词”
用“be + 介词短语”
marry → be married
start / begin → be on
go to / come to / move to → be in / at + 地点
fall ill / get ill → be ill
get up → be up
join the army → be in the army
die → be dead
return to / come back to / go back to → be back (to)
fall asleep / get asleep → be asleep
come / arrive / reach / get here → be here
wake / wake up → be awake
go / arrive / reach / get there → be there
(6)现在完成时常用句型
句型
例句
It is / has been + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时从句
It is two years since his father died.
自从他爸爸去世已经两年了。
It was / had been + 时间段 + since + 过去完成时从句
It was two years since I had last seen her.
我上次见她已经是两年前的事了。
It/That is the + 序数词 + time + that + 从句(现在完成时)
That is the second time that she has won the game. 这是她第二次赢得比赛。
It/That was the + 序数词 + time + that + 从句(过去完成时)
It was the first time that I had been to England.
这是我第一次去英格兰。
This is the + 最高级 + 名词 + that + 从句(现在完成时)
That is the best movie that we have ever seen.
那是我们看过的最好的电影。
This was the + 最高级 + 名词 + that + 从句(过去完成时)
This was the worst storm that had hit the area in a decade. 这是十年来袭击该地区最严重的一场暴风雨。
九、过去完成时
(1)过去完成时的构成
句式
结构
肯定句
主语 + had + 动词过去分词 + 其他
否定式
主语 + had + not + 动词过去分词 + 其他
一般疑问式
Had + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + had + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他?
(2)过去完成时的用法
用法
特征
例句
动作发生在过去某一时间点 / 动作之前,即 “过去的过去”
句中必须有一个明确的过去动作作参照,先发生的动作使用过去完成时,后发生的动作使用一般过去时。
She found the book that she had lost. 她找到了她丢失的书。(“丢书” 发生在 “找到” 之前)
动作从过去某一时间点开始,一直持续到过去另一时间点,强调 “过去时间段内的持续”,类似现在完成时的 “未完成用法”。
since + 过去时间点
for + 时间段
by + 过去时间(如 by the end of last year)
before/when 引导的一般过去时从句
I had learned 3,000 English words by the end of last year. 去年年底前我已经学了 3000 个英语单词。(截止到 “去年年底” 这个过去时间点,动作已完成)
He said he had lived in that village since 1976. 他说自从 1976 年起他就住在那个村子里。(“住村子” 从 1976 年持续到他说话的过去时间点)
用于 hardly/scarcely...when... 和 no sooner...than... 句型
表示 “刚一…… 就……”,强调动作的紧接发生。
I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me. 我刚结束工作,他就来看我了。I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow. 我刚进屋,就下起了雪。
用于 “第几次做某事” 句型:That/It was the + 序数词 + time that + 从句
主句用一般过去时(was),从句必须用过去完成时。
That/It was the second time that she had seen her grandfather. 那是她第二次见她爷爷。
即时训练
1. My father ______ to work by bus every day.
A. go B. goes C. went D. going
2. The plane ______ off five minutes ago.
A. take B. takes C. took D. has taken
3. Water ______ at 100℃.
A. boils B. boiled C. is boiling D. has boiled
4. She ______ English in the morning when she was in vocational school.
A. reads B. read C. is reading D. has read
5. Tom often ______ his homework before dinner.
A. finish B. finishes C. finished D. finishing
6. Listen! The students ______ an English song.
A. sing B. sang C. are singing D. have sung
7. They ______ to light music when I visited them.
A. were listening B. listen C. listens D. are listening
8. At eight yesterday evening, I ______ my writing task.
A. do B. did C. was doing D. have done
9. Look! The machine ______ smoothly after repair.
A. runs B. ran C. is running D. has run
10. While my mother was cooking, I ______ the floor.
A. clean B. cleaned C. was cleaning D. have cleaned
11. The movie ______ for half an hour.
A. start B. started C. has started D. has been on
12. I ______ this book twice.
A. read B. am reading C. have read D. was reading
13. She has worked in the company ______ three years.
A. since B. for C. at D. in
14. We ______ many new words so far.
A. learn B. learned C. have learned D. are learning
15. He has lived here ______ 2021.
A. for B. since C. during D. after
16. Lucy won't go with you unless she ______ her mother's permission.
A. get B. gets C. got D. is getting
17. We ______ a skills competition next month.
A. hold B. held C. will hold D. have held
18. If it ______ tomorrow, we will stay in the classroom.
A. rains B. will rain C. rained D. raining
19. He is going ______ a technician after graduation.
A. become B. to become C. became D. becoming
20. I will call you as soon as I ______ there.
A. arrive B. will arrive C. arrived D. have arrived
21. By the time I got to the station, the bus ______.
A. leaves B. left C. had left D. has left
22. She said that she ______ the report before the meeting.
A. finishes B. finished C. had finished D. has finished
23. When we arrived, the film ______ already ______.
A. has; begun B. had; begun C. was; beginning D. did; begin
24. He ______ his work before he joined us.
A. finished B. has finished C. had finished D. finishes
25. By the end of last term, we ______ five units.
A. learned B. have learned C. had learned D. learn
26. It ______ five minutes since the plane took off.
A. is B. was C. has D. had
27. Don't make noise. The teacher ______ with a student.
A. talks B. talked C. is talking D. has talked
28. I ______ in Jilin for ten years before I moved to Beijing.
A. live B. lived C. have lived D. had lived
29. Next year, more students ______ part in volunteer service.
A. take B. took C. will take D. have taken
30. He usually ______ early, but he ______ late yesterday.
A. gets up; got up B. got up; gets up C. gets up; gets up D. got up; got up
题型迁移·专项应用
31. When I entered the room, they ______ a meeting.
A. have B. had C. were having D. have had
32. We ______ three projects since last year.
A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. were finishing
33. If she ______ hard, she will pass the exam.
A. studies B. will study C. studied D. is studying
34. He ______ the message just now.
A. receives B. received C. has received D. is receiving
35. By last Friday, the students ______ the survey.
A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. had finished
36. 错误识别:He will goes to Changchun next week.
A. will goes B. to C. next D. week
37. 错误识别:She has borrowed the book for two weeks.
A. has borrowed B. book C. for D. weeks
38. 错误识别:If it will rain tomorrow, we will stay at home.
A. will rain B. tomorrow C. will stay D. home
39. Look! The volunteers ______ the old people clean the yard.
A. help B. helped C. are helping D. have helped
40. I ______ my homework before my mother came back.
A. do B. did C. have done D. had done
41. (2024年吉林省高职高专院校单独招生统一考试英语试题第43题)Lucy won't go partying with you unless she ______ her mother's permission.
A. get B. gets C. got D. is getting
42. (2024年吉林省高职高专院校单独招生统一考试英语试题第44题)It's five minutes since the plane ______ off.
A. take B. takes C. has taken D. took
43. (2024年吉林省高职高专院校单独招生统一考试英语试题第46题)They ______ to light music when I visited them.
A. were listening B. listen C. listens D. are listening
44. (2025年吉林省高职高专院校单独招生统一考试英语试题第38题)The movie ______ for half an hour.
A. start B. started C. has started D. has been on
45. (2021年吉林省高职高专院校单独招生统一考试英语试题第50题)If he ______ his work last week, he would have joined us in the match.
A. finished B. had finished C. has finished D. have finished
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编写说明:2027年吉林省(高职分类考试)《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练。本资料紧扣吉林省高职分类考试中职英语真题考情,将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单,以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础,再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强,实操性好,为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径,高效赋能备考提分。
本专题是2027年吉林省(高职分类考试)《英语一轮讲练测》的第5个专题,内容为动词时态。
2027年吉林省(高职分类考试)
《英语一轮讲练测》复习讲义
专题05 动词时态
目录
01 考情解码·命题预警
02 体系构建·思维可视
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚
考点 动词时态
即时训练
04 真题溯源·考向感知
考点
内容解读
吉林省2021—2025年高职分类考试真题统计
2021年
2022年
2023年
2024年
2025年
一般现在时
考查表示经常性、习惯性动作或客观事实的时态,以及时间/条件状语从句中的“主将从现”规则。解题关键:①根据时间标志词(often、usually、every day等)或上下文语境判断;②注意主语为第三人称单数时动词加-s/-es(含不规则变化);③“主将从现”:if/unless/when等引导的状语从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时;④客观真理从句用一般现在时(即使主句为过去时)。常与主谓一致、被动语态结合考查。
(16)(19)(48) 完形(61)(64)
(34)
(39)
(32)(43) 完形(69)
改错(96)
一般过去时
考查表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。解题关键:①根据yesterday、last week、ten years ago、just now、in+ 过去年份等时间标志词或上下文语境判断时态;②正确使用动词过去式,尤其是不规则动词;③短文改错中常考查时态混用(如将过去时误用为现在时)以及设定时间状语后未用过去时;④常与被动语态结合(was/were+ 过去分词)。在单项选择、完形填空和短文改错中均有分布。
(22)(33)(43) 改错(93)(96)
(44) 完形(60)(69)
(44)(47) 完形(54)(57) 完形(58)(67) 改错(93)
(44)
(49)
一般将来时
考查表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,常见表达方式包括will do、be going to do等。解题关键:①根据tomorrow、next week、next month、in+ 一段时间等时间标志词判断;②注意“主将从现”规则中主句用将来时、从句用一般现在时;③常与被动语态结合(will be+ 过去分词)。考查频率相对较低,五年中仅两年直接设题,但多与“主将从现”交叉考查。
(46)
(36)
现在进行时、过去进行时与现在完成时
考查进行时态和完成时态的构成与用法。主要包括:①现在进行时(am/is/are+doing):表示正在进行的动作或近期计划,常与now、at present、Look!/Listen!等连用,也可与被动语态结合(is being spread);②过去进行时(was/were+doing):表示过去某一时刻正在进行,常与when/while引导的时间状语从句连用;③现在完成时(have/has+done):表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响或结果,常与for+时段、since、already、yet等连用,注意延续性动词与非延续性动词的区分。五年中每年均有设题,现在完成时出题频率最高。
(40) 完形(53)(59)
(41)
(46)
(45)(46)
(38)(45) 改错(100)
动词时态是吉林省高职分类考试英语真题中覆盖最广、设题最多的核心语法板块,在词汇知识、语法知识、完形填空和短文改错中均大量出现。从2021—2025年的真题来看,命题围绕五种时态展开:
一是一般现在时,考查经常性/习惯性动作、客观事实/真理、“主将从现”规则以及主谓一致中第三人称单数加-s/-es;
二是一般过去时,考查过去时间状语(yesterday、last……、……ago、in+ 过去年份等)、上下文叙事语境判断以及不规则动词过去式;
三是一般将来时,考查will do、be going to do以及“主将从现”中主句的将来时;
四是进行时态(现在进行时、过去进行时),考查时间状语判断和被动语态结合;
五是完成时态,考查“have/has+过去分词”结构、延续性动词与非延续性动词区分以及常见标志词(for+ 时段、since、in the past……years等)。
时态考查常与被动语态、主谓一致、虚拟语气交叉出题,是复习的重中之重。
【考点1 动词的时态】
一、动词的时态
(1)定义
英语中不同的时间和方式发生的动作或状态需用谓语动词的不同形式来表示,这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称为动词的时态。
(2)英语16种时态(中职对口升学要求掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时。)
体态分类
现在时间
过去时间
将来时间
过去将来时间
一般式(陈述事实)
一般现在时 do/does
一般过去时 did
一般将来时 will do
过去将来时 would do
进行式(正在进行)
现在进行时 am/is/are doing
过去进行时 was/were doing
将来进行时 will be doing
过去将来进行时 would be doing
完成式(动作完成)
现在完成时 have/has done
过去完成时 had done
将来完成时 will have done
过去将来完成时 would have done
完成进行式(持续进行)
现在完成进行时 have/has been doing
过去完成进行时 had been doing
将来完成进行时 will have been doing
过去将来完成进行时 would have been doing
二、一般现在时
(1)一般现在时的构成
句式
实义动词
Be动词
肯定句
主语 + 动词原形 / 动词第三人称单数 + 其他
主语 + am / is / are + 其他
否定式
主语 + don’t / doesn’t + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + am / is / are + not + 其他
一般疑问式
Do / Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
Am / Is / Are + 主语 + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + do / does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
特殊疑问式 | 疑问词 + am / is / are + 主语 + 其他?
(2)一般现在时的用法
用法
结构
例句
表示经常性、习惯性的动作或行为
常搭配频率类时间标志词:always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day/week/month/year, on weekdays/on weekends
I usually get up at six o'clock every morning. 我通常每天早上六点起床。
She sometimes walks to school on weekends. 她周末有时步行去上学。
表示人、事物固有的身份、特征、性格、能力与状态
描述主语长期不变的属性、外貌、性格、爱好、拥有的能力、所处状态等,无明显时间限制。
He likes playing basketball. 他喜欢打篮球。
The little girl speaks English well. 这个小女孩英语说得很好。
表示客观真理、自然现象、科学规律
这类内容是永恒不变的事实,无论主句为何种时态,从句一律使用一般现在时。
My teacher said the earth goes around the sun. 地球围绕太阳运转。
表示格言、谚语、俗语
名言警句、人生哲理、传统谚语属于通用道理,固定使用一般现在时。
Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧
用于 “主将从现” 语法结构
条件状语从句(引导词:if, unless)
If it is fine tomorrow, we will go for a picnic. 如果明天天气好,我们就去野餐。
You will fail unless you work hard. 你如果不努力,就会失败。
时间状语从句(引导词:when, as soon as, until, before, after)
I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back. 他一回来,我就把消息告诉他。
She will wait here until you arrive. 她会在这里一直等到你到来。
表示按时刻表、日程表、既定安排将要发生的动作
多用于交通、课程、演出、赛事等有固定时间安排的场景,强调计划不可随意更改,常用动词:go, come, leave, arrive, start, begin, finish, take off。
The train leaves at seven thirty. 这趟火车七点三十分发车。
课程安排:Our class begins at 8:00 a.m. 我们上午八点开始上课。
用于现场解说、图片 / 图文描述、剧情介绍
解说员实时描述正在发生的比赛、表演动作,习惯使用一般现在时。
Li Ming passes the ball to Wang Tao. Wang Tao shoots! 李明把球传给王涛,王涛射门!
介绍画面里的人物、动作、场景。
Look at the picture. A boy sits under the big tree. 看这张图片,一个男孩坐在大树下。
概括故事内容、人物行为,统一使用一般现在时。
The story tells us a brave boy helps an old man. 这个故事讲述了一个勇敢的男孩帮助一位老人的故事。
三、一般过去时
(1)一般过去时的构成
句式
实义动词
Be动词
肯定句
主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他
主语 + was / were + 其他
否定式
主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + was / were + not + 其他
一般疑问式
Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
Was / Were + 主语 + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
(2)一般过去时的用法
用法
结构
例句
表示过去特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态
动作、状态发生并结束在过去某个明确时间,与现在无关联。常搭配时间标志词:yesterday、yesterday morning/afternoon、last week/year/month、...ago、just now、in + 过去年份、at + 过去具体时刻 等。
I met an old friend yesterday. 我昨天遇到了一位老朋友。She was in Beijing three years ago. 三年前她在北京。
表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作
描述过去一段时间内反复发生的行为,常搭配 often, usually, always, sometimes, every day(过去语境) 等频度词;也可用 used to do 强调 “过去常常做(现在已不做)”。
When I was young, I often played games after school. 我小时候,放学后经常玩游戏。He used to walk to school. 他过去常常步行去上学。(现在不再步行)
主句为过去将来时,从句使用一般过去时
对应现在时态的主将从现,若主句谓语为过去将来时(would do /was/were going to do),时间、条件状语从句要用一般过去时表 “过去视角下将要发生的动作”,也称主过从过。
He said he would go hiking if it was fine the next day. 他说如果第二天天气好,他就去远足。She told me she would call me as soon as she arrived home. 她告诉我,她一到家就给我打电话。
since 引导的时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时
since 意为 “自从…… 以来”,主句常用现在完成时,since 后面的从句必须使用一般过去时,用来标注动作 / 状态的起始时间点。基本句式:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + since + 主语 + 动词过去式
I have lived here since I was ten years old. 我从十岁起就住在这里了It has been five years since we met last time. 自从我们上次见面,已经过去五年了。
对话语境中,强调 “刚才、刚刚” 发生的动作
日常口语、情景对话里,用一般过去时强调片刻之前、刚刚完成的动作,侧重动作已经结束,区别于现在进行时。
— Why are you out of breath? 你为什么气喘吁吁? — I ran to the classroom. 我刚才跑着进教室的。
固定句型中使用一般过去时
It’s (high) time + 主语 + 动词过去式
固定句型,表示 “该做某事了”,从句用一般过去时表委婉建议、提醒,属于虚拟语气用法。
It’s time we went to bed. 我们该睡觉了。
would rather + 主语 + 动词过去式(虚拟语气)
would rather 意为 “宁愿”,后接从句时,从句使用一般过去时,表示与现在 / 将来事实相反的主观愿望。
I would rather you stayed at home now. 我宁愿你现在待在家里。
四、一般将来时
(1)一般将来时的构成(will / shall 结构)
句式
will / shall 结构
Be动词
肯定句
主语 + will / shall + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + will / shall + be + 其他
否定式
主语 + won’t / shan’t + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + won’t / shan’t + be + 其他
一般疑问式
Will / Shall + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
Will / Shall + 主语 + be + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + will / shall + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
疑问词 + will / shall + 主语 + be + 其他?
(2)一般将来时的构成(be going to 结构)
句式
be going to 结构
Be动词
肯定句
主语 + am / is / are going to + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + am / is / are going to + be + 其他
否定式
主语 + am / is / are not going to + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + am / is / are not going to + be + 其他
一般疑问式
Am / Is / Are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他?
Am / Is / Are + 主语 + going to + be + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + am / is / are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他?
疑问词 + am / is / are + 主语 + going to + be + 其他?
(3)一般将来时的特殊构成
结构
用法
例句
be doing(现在进行时表将来)
多用于表示位移、往返的动词:go、come、leave、arrive、fly、move、start、travel 等,侧重已安排好、即将发生的近期动作。
She is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 她明天动身前往上海。
We are coming to see you this weekend. 我们这周末要来看你。
be about to do(即将、正要做某事)
强调动作马上、立刻就要发生,时间间隔极短;不与 tomorrow, next week 等具体将来时间状语连用,常搭配 when 引导的时间状语从句。
The class is about to begin. 课马上就要开始了。
I was about to go out when it rained. 我正要出门,突然下起了雨。
be to do(按计划、命令、安排将要做)
多用于正式语境,侧重官方计划、规定、命令、注定发生的动作,常见于通知、新闻、正式安排。
The sports meeting is to be held next Friday. 运动会定于下周五举行。
You are to finish the task before noon. 你必须在中午前完成这项任务。
(4)一般将来时的用法
用法
结构
例句
搭配将来时间状语,表将来发生的动作或状态
常搭配时间标志词:
单个时间词:tomorrow(明天)、tonight(今晚)、soon(不久、很快)
含 next 短语:next day /next week /next month /next year(第二天 / 下周 / 下月 / 明年)
in + 时间段:in three days(三天后)、in a week(一周后)、in the future(在将来)
其他:later(稍后)、this afternoon /this evening(今天下午 / 今晚)
We will have a math test tomorrow. 我们明天将要进行数学测试。
She is going to visit her grandma next week. 她下周打算去看望奶奶。
祈使句 + and + 一般将来时
含义:表示顺承关系,译为 “做……,就会……”,前一个动作顺利发生,就会带来积极结果。
结构:动词原形开头 + 逗号 + and + 主语 + will + 动词原形
Work hard, and you will get good grades. 努力学习,你就会取得好成绩。
Read more books, and you will learn a lot. 多读书,你就会学到很多知识。
祈使句 + or + 一般将来时
含义:表示转折 / 警示关系,译为 “做……,否则……”,不执行前面的动作,就会产生不良后果。
结构:动词原形开头 + 逗号 + or + 主语 + will + 动词原形
Get up early, or you will be late for school. 早点起床,否则你上学就要迟到了。
Don’t run in the hallways, or you will hurt yourself. 不要在走廊奔跑,否则你会受伤。
五、过去将来时
(1)过去将来时的构成(would 结构)
句式
will / shall 结构
Be动词
肯定句
主语 + would + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + would + be + 其他
否定式
主语 + wouldn’t + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + wouldn’t + be + 其他
一般疑问式
Would + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
Would + 主语 + be + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + would + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
疑问词 + would + 主语 + be + 其他?
(2)过去将来时的构成(was / were going to 结构)
句式
be going to 结构
Be动词
肯定句
主语 + was / were going to + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + was / were going to + be + 其他
否定式
主语 + was / were not going to + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + was / were not going to + be + 其他
一般疑问式
Was / Were + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他?
Was / Were + 主语 + going to + be + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + was / were + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他?
疑问词 + was / were + 主语 + going to + be + 其他?
(3)过去将来时的用法
结构
用法
例句
would + 动词原形
多用于宾语从句,主句谓语动词为过去式(said/told/thought/hoped 等),转述他人当时的想法、打算、承诺。
He said he would help me with my English. 他说他会帮我补习英语。
描述过去习惯性的倾向、意愿。
When he was young, he would walk along the river after dinner. 他小时候,晚饭后总会沿着河边散步。
was /were going to + 动词原形
侧重过去已经计划、安排好,原本打算要做的事。
We were going to have a picnic, but it rained. 我们原本打算去野餐,结果下雨了。
可表示根据过去的迹象,判断当时即将发生的动作。
The sky was dark. It was going to rain. 当时天色阴沉,眼看就要下雨了。
常暗含 “计划最终没能实现” 的含义。
She was going to buy a new bike last month. 上个月她本来打算买一辆新自行车。
was /were about to do ... when ...
固定句式,意为 “某人正要做某事,就在这时……”。
was/were about to do 强调过去那一刻动作即将发生(时间极近,马上就要做);when 引导并列句,后接突然发生的短暂动作,用一般过去时。
I was about to leave when the teacher came in. 我正要离开,这时老师进来了。I was about to leave when the teacher came in. 我正要离开,这时老师进来了。
He was about to go to bed when his friend called him. 他刚要上床睡觉,朋友突然给他打来了电话。
六、现在进行时
(1)现在进行时的构成
句式
结构
肯定句
主语 + am / is / are + 动词-ing + 其他
否定式
主语 + am / is / are + not + 动词-ing + 其他
一般疑问式
Am / Is / Are + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + am / is / are + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他?
(2)现在进行时的用法
用法
常用标志词
例句
表示此时此刻正在进行的动作
常用标志词:now(现在)、look(看)、listen(听)、at the moment(此刻)
Look! The children are playing on the playground. 看!孩子们正在操场上玩耍。
表示现阶段正在进行,此刻未必在做的动作
常用标志词:these days(这些天)、recently(近来)、this week(这周)
He is learning French these days. 他这些天一直在学法语。(说话时不一定正在学)
表位置移动、往返类动词,用进行时表将来
常用动词:go, come, leave, arrive, fly, move, start, travel
My uncle is coming to visit us tomorrow. 我叔叔明天要来看我们。
She is leaving for Beijing next Monday. 她下周一动身前往北京。
现在进行时搭配 always、constantly,不再单纯描述习惯性动作,而是带有厌烦、不满、夸赞、惊讶等主观情绪
表不满、抱怨、批评
You are always talking in class. 你总在课堂上讲话。(抱怨)
表赞赏、夸奖
She is always helping others. 她总是乐于助人。(夸赞)
七、过去进行时
(1)过去进行时的构成
句式
结构
肯定句
主语 + was / were + 动词-ing + 其他
否定式
主语 + was / were + 动词-ing + 其他
一般疑问式
Was / Were + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + was / were + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他?
(2)过去进行时的用法
用法
常用标志词
例句
强调在过去精准的时间点,动作正在发生
常用标志词:at 8:00 last night(昨晚八点)、at this time yesterday(昨天这个时候)、then(那时)
I was watching TV at nine o'clock last night. 昨晚九点我正在看电视。
表示过去某一时间段持续进行的动作
all day yesterday(昨天一整天)、from morning to afternoon last Friday(上周五从早到晚)、during that period(在那段时间里)
She was reading books from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. yesterday. 昨天下午两点到四点她一直在看书。
when 引导从句
主句用过去进行时(长动作,持续进行),从句用一般过去时(短动作,突然发生),译为 “正在做某事,这时……”。
I was walking along the street when I met an old friend. 我正走在街上,这时遇到了一位老朋友。
while 引导从句
while 强调动作同步进行,主从句常用过去进行时,表示 “正当…… 的时候,与此同时……”。
My mother was cooking while my father was washing dishes. 妈妈在做饭,爸爸在洗碗。
位移类动词,过去进行时表过去将来
go、come、leave、arrive、fly、move 等位置移动类动词,可用过去进行时,表示从过去视角看,当时计划好、即将发生的动作。
He told me he was leaving for Guangzhou the next day. 他告诉我他第二天就要动身去广州。
过去进行时搭配 always、constantly,不再单纯描述过去习惯,而是抒发过去的厌烦、抱怨、赞赏等情绪
表抱怨、不满
He was always making mistakes when he studied here. 他在这儿学习时,老是犯错误。(抱怨)
表夸赞、肯定
She was always helping others when she was young. 她年少时总是乐于助人。(夸奖)
八、现在完成时
(1)现在完成时的构成
句式
结构
肯定句
主语 + have / has + 动词过去分词 + 其他
否定式
主语 + have / has + not + 动词过去分词 + 其他
一般疑问式
Have / Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + have / has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他?
(2)现在完成时的用法
用法
常用标志词
例句
表示过去发生的动作,对现在造成结果或影响
just(刚刚)、already(已经,多用于肯定句)、yet(还、已经,多用于否定句和疑问句末尾)
I have finished my homework. 我已经写完作业了。(影响:现在可以休息、玩耍)
She has lost her key. 她把钥匙弄丢了。(影响:现在没有钥匙,无法开门)
表示动作从过去某一时间开始,一直持续到现在(句中动词必须是延续性动词)
for + 一段时间,侧重描述动作持续的时长。
I have lived in this city for ten years. 我在这座城市已经住了十年。(十年前入住,现在仍住在这里)
since + 过去时间点(年份、日期、时刻)
He has worked here since 2018. 自从 2018 年起,他就在这里工作了。
since + 一般过去时从句(从句动作是时间起点)
I have known her since I was a child. 我从小就认识她了。
经典固定句型
It is / It has been + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时从句 (自从…… 以来,已经过去多久了)
It has been three years since we met last time. 自从我们上次见面,已经过去三年了。
描述从出生到现在为止,曾经有过或从未有过的经历、体验,强调 “人生履历”,动作可反复发生。
ever(曾经,多用于疑问句)、never(从未)、once(一次)、twice(两次)、several times(数次)
Have you ever been to Beijing? 你曾经去过北京吗?
I have never eaten Japanese food. 我从来没有吃过日本料理。
用于地点 / 场景类语境,结合语境表状态
多用于日常对话、场景描述,侧重当下所处状态
---Where is your mother? 你妈妈在哪?
---She has gone shopping. 她去购物了。(现在不在家)
用于主句,搭配 so far /up to now /in the past + 时间段
so far(到目前为止)、up to now(直到现在)、in the past five years(在过去五年里)、during these years(这些年来)
So far, we have learned over 800 words. 到目前为止,我们已经学了 800 多个单词。
Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years. 过去十年里,我的家乡发生了巨大变化。
宾语从句中的用法
主句为现在时态,从句描述 “至今为止的经历 / 影响”,从句用现在完成时。
He says he has finished his homework. 他说他已经写完作业了。
(3)拓展辨析:
have been to /have gone to /have been in
have been to + 地点
去过某地(现在已经返回,人在现场),侧重经历。
例:She has been to Guangzhou. 她去过广州。(现已回来)
have gone to + 地点
去了某地(人还在目的地,未返回,此刻不在现场)。
例:My father has gone to Wuhan. 我爸爸去武汉了。(人还在武汉)
have been in + 地点 + 时间段
待在某地(强调停留时长,常与 for/since 连用)。
例:We have been in Beijing for a month. 我们在北京待了一个月。
(4)短暂性动词转延续性动词:
短暂性动词
延续性动词
例句
die
be dead
His dog has been dead for two months.
buy / receive
have
I have had this book for two years.
marry
be married
They have been married for three years.
finish / end
be over
The film has been over for 10 minutes.
join
be in/ be a member of
He has been in the army for two years.
begin / start
be on
The meeting has been on for an hour.
borrow
keep
I have kept the book for a week.
fall asleep
be asleep
The baby has been asleep for three hours.
get to know
know
I have known him since 2020.
leave
be away
He has been away from home for a week.
arrive / come
be here / be in
She has been here since 9:00.
put on
wear / have on / be dressed in
She has worn this dress for a day.
fall ill
be ill
He has been ill for a week.
go out
be out
They have been out for two hours.
lose
be lost
My key has been lost for three days.
(5)“be + 形容词/副词/介词短语” 替代终止性动词:
用“be + 形容词”
用“be + 副词”
用“be + 介词短语”
marry → be married
start / begin → be on
go to / come to / move to → be in / at + 地点
fall ill / get ill → be ill
get up → be up
join the army → be in the army
die → be dead
return to / come back to / go back to → be back (to)
fall asleep / get asleep → be asleep
come / arrive / reach / get here → be here
wake / wake up → be awake
go / arrive / reach / get there → be there
(6)现在完成时常用句型
句型
例句
It is / has been + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时从句
It is two years since his father died.
自从他爸爸去世已经两年了。
It was / had been + 时间段 + since + 过去完成时从句
It was two years since I had last seen her.
我上次见她已经是两年前的事了。
It/That is the + 序数词 + time + that + 从句(现在完成时)
That is the second time that she has won the game. 这是她第二次赢得比赛。
It/That was the + 序数词 + time + that + 从句(过去完成时)
It was the first time that I had been to England.
这是我第一次去英格兰。
This is the + 最高级 + 名词 + that + 从句(现在完成时)
That is the best movie that we have ever seen.
那是我们看过的最好的电影。
This was the + 最高级 + 名词 + that + 从句(过去完成时)
This was the worst storm that had hit the area in a decade. 这是十年来袭击该地区最严重的一场暴风雨。
九、过去完成时
(1)过去完成时的构成
句式
结构
肯定句
主语 + had + 动词过去分词 + 其他
否定式
主语 + had + not + 动词过去分词 + 其他
一般疑问式
Had + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + had + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他?
(2)过去完成时的用法
用法
特征
例句
动作发生在过去某一时间点 / 动作之前,即 “过去的过去”
句中必须有一个明确的过去动作作参照,先发生的动作使用过去完成时,后发生的动作使用一般过去时。
She found the book that she had lost. 她找到了她丢失的书。(“丢书” 发生在 “找到” 之前)
动作从过去某一时间点开始,一直持续到过去另一时间点,强调 “过去时间段内的持续”,类似现在完成时的 “未完成用法”。
since + 过去时间点
for + 时间段
by + 过去时间(如 by the end of last year)
before/when 引导的一般过去时从句
I had learned 3,000 English words by the end of last year. 去年年底前我已经学了 3000 个英语单词。(截止到 “去年年底” 这个过去时间点,动作已完成)
He said he had lived in that village since 1976. 他说自从 1976 年起他就住在那个村子里。(“住村子” 从 1976 年持续到他说话的过去时间点)
用于 hardly/scarcely...when... 和 no sooner...than... 句型
表示 “刚一…… 就……”,强调动作的紧接发生。
I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me. 我刚结束工作,他就来看我了。I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow. 我刚进屋,就下起了雪。
用于 “第几次做某事” 句型:That/It was the + 序数词 + time that + 从句
主句用一般过去时(was),从句必须用过去完成时。
That/It was the second time that she had seen her grandfather. 那是她第二次见她爷爷。
即时训练
1. My father ______ to work by bus every day.
A. go B. goes C. went D. going
【答案】B
【详解】every day提示一般现在时,主语My father为第三人称单数,谓语用goes。
2. The plane ______ off five minutes ago.
A. take B. takes C. took D. has taken
【答案】C
【详解】five minutes ago提示一般过去时,用took。
3. Water ______ at 100℃.
A. boils B. boiled C. is boiling D. has boiled
【答案】A
【详解】客观事实用一般现在时,主语Water为不可数,谓语用boils。
4. She ______ English in the morning when she was in vocational school.
A. reads B. read C. is reading D. has read
【答案】B
【详解】when she was...提示过去阶段的习惯,用一般过去时read。
5. Tom often ______ his homework before dinner.
A. finish B. finishes C. finished D. finishing
【答案】B
【详解】often提示一般现在时,Tom为第三人称单数,用finishes。
6. Listen! The students ______ an English song.
A. sing B. sang C. are singing D. have sung
【答案】C
【详解】Listen提示动作正在发生,用现在进行时are singing。
7. They ______ to light music when I visited them.
A. were listening B. listen C. listens D. are listening
【答案】A
【详解】when I visited them提供过去时间点,主句表示当时正在听,用过去进行时。
8. At eight yesterday evening, I ______ my writing task.
A. do B. did C. was doing D. have done
【答案】C
【详解】At eight yesterday evening表示过去某一时刻,正在做用was doing。
9. Look! The machine ______ smoothly after repair.
A. runs B. ran C. is running D. has run
【答案】C
【详解】Look提示现在正在发生,用is running。
10. While my mother was cooking, I ______ the floor.
A. clean B. cleaned C. was cleaning D. have cleaned
【答案】C
【详解】while引导过去进行背景动作,主句也可用过去进行表示同时进行。
11. The movie ______ for half an hour.
A. start B. started C. has started D. has been on
【答案】D
【详解】for half an hour表示持续时间,短暂动词start需转换为延续性表达has been on。
12. I ______ this book twice.
A. read B. am reading C. have read D. was reading
【答案】C
【详解】twice表示到现在为止的经历次数,用现在完成时。
13. She has worked in the company ______ three years.
A. since B. for C. at D. in
【答案】B
【详解】three years为时间段,用for。
14. We ______ many new words so far.
A. learn B. learned C. have learned D. are learning
【答案】C
【详解】so far提示现在完成时。
15. He has lived here ______ 2021.
A. for B. since C. during D. after
【答案】B
【详解】2021为时间点,用since。
16. Lucy won't go with you unless she ______ her mother's permission.
A. get B. gets C. got D. is getting
【答案】B
【详解】unless引导条件状语从句,主句为将来意义,从句用一般现在时,主语she用gets。
17. We ______ a skills competition next month.
A. hold B. held C. will hold D. have held
【答案】C
【详解】next month提示一般将来时。
18. If it ______ tomorrow, we will stay in the classroom.
A. rains B. will rain C. rained D. raining
【答案】A
【详解】if条件从句遵循主将从现,用一般现在时rains。
19. He is going ______ a technician after graduation.
A. become B. to become C. became D. becoming
【答案】B
【详解】be going to do表示将来计划。
20. I will call you as soon as I ______ there.
A. arrive B. will arrive C. arrived D. have arrived
【答案】A
【详解】as soon as时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。
21. By the time I got to the station, the bus ______.
A. leaves B. left C. had left D. has left
【答案】C
【详解】公交离开发生在我到达之前,表示过去的过去,用had left。
22. She said that she ______ the report before the meeting.
A. finishes B. finished C. had finished D. has finished
【答案】C
【详解】完成报告发生在过去的said之前,用过去完成时。
23. When we arrived, the film ______ already ______.
A. has; begun B. had; begun C. was; beginning D. did; begin
【答案】B
【详解】already与过去参照点arrived结合,表示过去之前已开始,用had begun。
24. He ______ his work before he joined us.
A. finished B. has finished C. had finished D. finishes
【答案】C
【详解】完成工作先于joined这一过去动作,用过去完成时。
25. By the end of last term, we ______ five units.
A. learned B. have learned C. had learned D. learn
【答案】C
【详解】by the end of last term为过去完成时典型信号。
26. It ______ five minutes since the plane took off.
A. is B. was C. has D. had
【答案】A
【详解】It is +时间段+since+一般过去时,表示从过去到现在多久。
27. Don't make noise. The teacher ______ with a student.
A. talks B. talked C. is talking D. has talked
【答案】C
【详解】Don't make noise暗示现在正在谈话,用现在进行时。
28. I ______ in Jilin for ten years before I moved to Beijing.
A. live B. lived C. have lived D. had lived
【答案】D
【详解】在moved之前已住了十年,用过去完成时。
29. Next year, more students ______ part in volunteer service.
A. take B. took C. will take D. have taken
【答案】C
【详解】Next year提示将来时。
30. He usually ______ early, but he ______ late yesterday.
A. gets up; got up B. got up; gets up C. gets up; gets up D. got up; got up
【答案】A
【详解】usually对应一般现在时;yesterday对应一般过去时。
题型迁移·专项应用
31. When I entered the room, they ______ a meeting.
A. have B. had C. were having D. have had
【答案】C
【详解】entered提供过去时间点,表示当时正在开会,用过去进行时。
32. We ______ three projects since last year.
A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. were finishing
【答案】C
【详解】since last year提示现在完成时。
33. If she ______ hard, she will pass the exam.
A. studies B. will study C. studied D. is studying
【答案】A
【详解】if条件从句主将从现,用studies。
34. He ______ the message just now.
A. receives B. received C. has received D. is receiving
【答案】B
【详解】just now提示一般过去时。
35. By last Friday, the students ______ the survey.
A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. had finished
【答案】D
【详解】by last Friday提示过去完成时。
36. 错误识别:He will goes to Changchun next week.
A. will goes B. to C. next D. week
【答案】A
【详解】will后接动词原形,应为will go。
37. 错误识别:She has borrowed the book for two weeks.
A. has borrowed B. book C. for D. weeks
【答案】A
【详解】borrow为短暂动词,与for two weeks连用应改为has kept。
38. 错误识别:If it will rain tomorrow, we will stay at home.
A. will rain B. tomorrow C. will stay D. home
【答案】A
【详解】if条件从句中用一般现在时表示将来,应为rains。
39. Look! The volunteers ______ the old people clean the yard.
A. help B. helped C. are helping D. have helped
【答案】C
【详解】Look提示现在正在发生,用are helping。
40. I ______ my homework before my mother came back.
A. do B. did C. have done D. had done
【答案】D
【详解】完成作业先于came back,用过去完成时。
41. (2024年吉林省高职高专院校单独招生统一考试英语试题第43题)Lucy won't go partying with you unless she ______ her mother's permission.
A. get B. gets C. got D. is getting
【答案】B
【详解】unless条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来,主语she用gets。
42. (2024年吉林省高职高专院校单独招生统一考试英语试题第44题)It's five minutes since the plane ______ off.
A. take B. takes C. has taken D. took
【答案】D
【详解】since从句中表示过去发生的动作,用一般过去时took。
43. (2024年吉林省高职高专院校单独招生统一考试英语试题第46题)They ______ to light music when I visited them.
A. were listening B. listen C. listens D. are listening
【答案】A
【详解】when I visited them为过去时间点,表示当时正在听音乐,用过去进行时。
44. (2025年吉林省高职高专院校单独招生统一考试英语试题第38题)The movie ______ for half an hour.
A. start B. started C. has started D. has been on
【答案】D
【详解】for half an hour要求延续性表达,start应转换为has been on。
45. (2021年吉林省高职高专院校单独招生统一考试英语试题第50题)If he ______ his work last week, he would have joined us in the match.
A. finished B. had finished C. has finished D. have finished
【答案】B
【详解】与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句,从句用had done,此处也体现过去完成时形式。
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