内容正文:
编写说明:2027年陕西省(高职分类考试)《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练,在编写中融入支架式教学理念,紧扣陕西高职分类考试英语真题考情,将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单,以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础,再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强,实操性好,为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径,高效赋能备考提分。
本专题是2027年陕西省(高职分类考试)《英语一轮讲练测》的第4个专题,内容为动词时态综合。
2027年陕西省(高职分类考试)
《英语一轮讲练测》复习讲义
专题04 动词时态综合
目录
01 考情解码·命题预警
02 体系构建·思维可视
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚
考点1 动词的时态
即时训练
04 真题溯源·考向感知
考点
内容解读
陕西省高职分类考试真题统计
2024年甲卷
2024年乙卷
一般现在时
考查表示习惯性、经常性动作或客观事实的时态,以及条件状语从句中的主将从现规则。甲卷Q11根据every day选waits(三单),Q60翻译题考查If引导的条件句用一般现在时。解题关键是根据时间标志词判断时态,并注意主语为第三人称单数时动词需加-s/-es。
(11)(60)
一般过去时
考查表示过去某一时间发生的动作。乙卷Q2根据yesterday识别bought为一般过去时,Q20根据yesterday和went判断用did提问。甲卷Q18考代动词did替代上文helped。解题关键是根据yesterday/last week/ago等标志词和上下文时态一致规则。
(18)
(2)(20)
一般将来时
考查表示将来发生的动作或状态,常用will do或be going to do。甲卷Q1根据tomorrow选will have,Q13根据this weekend选will go。注意区分一般将来时与现在进行时表将来,以及主将从现中主句用将来时、从句用一般现在时。
(1)(13)
进行时态与完成时态
现在进行时考查Look!/Listen!等提示词下的be doing结构(乙卷Q8:Look!→is playing)。现在完成时考查already/yet/since/for等标志词下的have/has done结构(甲卷Q10:have finished、Q15:has gone already),需注意have been to与have gone to的区别。
(10)(14)(15)
(8)
【考点1 动词的时态】
一、动词的时态
(1)定义
英语中不同的时间和方式发生的动作或状态需用谓语动词的不同形式来表示,这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称为动词的时态。
(2)英语16种时态(中职对口升学要求掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时。)
体态分类
现在时间
过去时间
将来时间
过去将来时间
一般式(陈述事实)
一般现在时 do/does
一般过去时 did
一般将来时 will do
过去将来时 would do
进行式(正在进行)
现在进行时 am/is/are doing
过去进行时 was/were doing
将来进行时 will be doing
过去将来进行时 would be doing
完成式(动作完成)
现在完成时 have/has done
过去完成时 had done
将来完成时 will have done
过去将来完成时 would have done
完成进行式(持续进行)
现在完成进行时 have/has been doing
过去完成进行时 had been doing
将来完成进行时 will have been doing
过去将来完成进行时 would have been doing
二、一般现在时
(1)一般现在时的构成
句式
实义动词
Be动词
肯定句
主语 + 动词原形 / 动词第三人称单数 + 其他
主语 + am / is / are + 其他
否定式
主语 + don’t / doesn’t + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + am / is / are + not + 其他
一般疑问式
Do / Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
Am / Is / Are + 主语 + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + do / does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
特殊疑问式 | 疑问词 + am / is / are + 主语 + 其他?
(2)一般现在时的用法
用法
结构
例句
表示经常性、习惯性的动作或行为
常搭配频率类时间标志词:always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day/week/month/year, on weekdays/on weekends
I usually get up at six o'clock every morning. 我通常每天早上六点起床。
She sometimes walks to school on weekends. 她周末有时步行去上学。
表示人、事物固有的身份、特征、性格、能力与状态
描述主语长期不变的属性、外貌、性格、爱好、拥有的能力、所处状态等,无明显时间限制。
He likes playing basketball. 他喜欢打篮球。
The little girl speaks English well. 这个小女孩英语说得很好。
表示客观真理、自然现象、科学规律
这类内容是永恒不变的事实,无论主句为何种时态,从句一律使用一般现在时。
My teacher said the earth goes around the sun. 地球围绕太阳运转。
表示格言、谚语、俗语
名言警句、人生哲理、传统谚语属于通用道理,固定使用一般现在时。
Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧
用于 “主将从现” 语法结构
条件状语从句(引导词:if, unless)
If it is fine tomorrow, we will go for a picnic. 如果明天天气好,我们就去野餐。
You will fail unless you work hard. 你如果不努力,就会失败。
时间状语从句(引导词:when, as soon as, until, before, after)
I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back. 他一回来,我就把消息告诉他。
She will wait here until you arrive. 她会在这里一直等到你到来。
表示按时刻表、日程表、既定安排将要发生的动作
多用于交通、课程、演出、赛事等有固定时间安排的场景,强调计划不可随意更改,常用动词:go, come, leave, arrive, start, begin, finish, take off。
The train leaves at seven thirty. 这趟火车七点三十分发车。
课程安排:Our class begins at 8:00 a.m. 我们上午八点开始上课。
用于现场解说、图片 / 图文描述、剧情介绍
解说员实时描述正在发生的比赛、表演动作,习惯使用一般现在时。
Li Ming passes the ball to Wang Tao. Wang Tao shoots! 李明把球传给王涛,王涛射门!
介绍画面里的人物、动作、场景。
Look at the picture. A boy sits under the big tree. 看这张图片,一个男孩坐在大树下。
概括故事内容、人物行为,统一使用一般现在时。
The story tells us a brave boy helps an old man. 这个故事讲述了一个勇敢的男孩帮助一位老人的故事。
三、一般过去时
(1)一般过去时的构成
句式
实义动词
Be动词
肯定句
主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他
主语 + was / were + 其他
否定式
主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + was / were + not + 其他
一般疑问式
Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
Was / Were + 主语 + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
(2)一般过去时的用法
用法
结构
例句
表示过去特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态
动作、状态发生并结束在过去某个明确时间,与现在无关联。常搭配时间标志词:yesterday、yesterday morning/afternoon、last week/year/month、...ago、just now、in + 过去年份、at + 过去具体时刻 等。
I met an old friend yesterday. 我昨天遇到了一位老朋友。She was in Beijing three years ago. 三年前她在北京。
表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作
描述过去一段时间内反复发生的行为,常搭配 often, usually, always, sometimes, every day(过去语境) 等频度词;也可用 used to do 强调 “过去常常做(现在已不做)”。
When I was young, I often played games after school. 我小时候,放学后经常玩游戏。He used to walk to school. 他过去常常步行去上学。(现在不再步行)
主句为过去将来时,从句使用一般过去时
对应现在时态的主将从现,若主句谓语为过去将来时(would do /was/were going to do),时间、条件状语从句要用一般过去时表 “过去视角下将要发生的动作”,也称主过从过。
He said he would go hiking if it was fine the next day. 他说如果第二天天气好,他就去远足。She told me she would call me as soon as she arrived home. 她告诉我,她一到家就给我打电话。
since 引导的时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时
since 意为 “自从…… 以来”,主句常用现在完成时,since 后面的从句必须使用一般过去时,用来标注动作 / 状态的起始时间点。基本句式:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + since + 主语 + 动词过去式
I have lived here since I was ten years old. 我从十岁起就住在这里了It has been five years since we met last time. 自从我们上次见面,已经过去五年了。
对话语境中,强调 “刚才、刚刚” 发生的动作
日常口语、情景对话里,用一般过去时强调片刻之前、刚刚完成的动作,侧重动作已经结束,区别于现在进行时。
— Why are you out of breath? 你为什么气喘吁吁? — I ran to the classroom. 我刚才跑着进教室的。
固定句型中使用一般过去时
It’s (high) time + 主语 + 动词过去式
固定句型,表示 “该做某事了”,从句用一般过去时表委婉建议、提醒,属于虚拟语气用法。
It’s time we went to bed. 我们该睡觉了。
would rather + 主语 + 动词过去式(虚拟语气)
would rather 意为 “宁愿”,后接从句时,从句使用一般过去时,表示与现在 / 将来事实相反的主观愿望。
I would rather you stayed at home now. 我宁愿你现在待在家里。
四、一般将来时
(1)一般将来时的构成(will / shall 结构)
句式
will / shall 结构
Be动词
肯定句
主语 + will / shall + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + will / shall + be + 其他
否定式
主语 + won’t / shan’t + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + won’t / shan’t + be + 其他
一般疑问式
Will / Shall + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
Will / Shall + 主语 + be + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + will / shall + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
疑问词 + will / shall + 主语 + be + 其他?
(2)一般将来时的构成(be going to 结构)
句式
be going to 结构
Be动词
肯定句
主语 + am / is / are going to + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + am / is / are going to + be + 其他
否定式
主语 + am / is / are not going to + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + am / is / are not going to + be + 其他
一般疑问式
Am / Is / Are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他?
Am / Is / Are + 主语 + going to + be + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + am / is / are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他?
疑问词 + am / is / are + 主语 + going to + be + 其他?
(3)一般将来时的特殊构成
结构
用法
例句
be doing(现在进行时表将来)
多用于表示位移、往返的动词:go、come、leave、arrive、fly、move、start、travel 等,侧重已安排好、即将发生的近期动作。
She is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 她明天动身前往上海。
We are coming to see you this weekend. 我们这周末要来看你。
be about to do(即将、正要做某事)
强调动作马上、立刻就要发生,时间间隔极短;不与 tomorrow, next week 等具体将来时间状语连用,常搭配 when 引导的时间状语从句。
The class is about to begin. 课马上就要开始了。
I was about to go out when it rained. 我正要出门,突然下起了雨。
be to do(按计划、命令、安排将要做)
多用于正式语境,侧重官方计划、规定、命令、注定发生的动作,常见于通知、新闻、正式安排。
The sports meeting is to be held next Friday. 运动会定于下周五举行。
You are to finish the task before noon. 你必须在中午前完成这项任务。
(4)一般将来时的用法
用法
结构
例句
搭配将来时间状语,表将来发生的动作或状态
常搭配时间标志词:
单个时间词:tomorrow(明天)、tonight(今晚)、soon(不久、很快)
含 next 短语:next day /next week /next month /next year(第二天 / 下周 / 下月 / 明年)
in + 时间段:in three days(三天后)、in a week(一周后)、in the future(在将来)
其他:later(稍后)、this afternoon /this evening(今天下午 / 今晚)
We will have a math test tomorrow. 我们明天将要进行数学测试。
She is going to visit her grandma next week. 她下周打算去看望奶奶。
祈使句 + and + 一般将来时
含义:表示顺承关系,译为 “做……,就会……”,前一个动作顺利发生,就会带来积极结果。
结构:动词原形开头 + 逗号 + and + 主语 + will + 动词原形
Work hard, and you will get good grades. 努力学习,你就会取得好成绩。
Read more books, and you will learn a lot. 多读书,你就会学到很多知识。
祈使句 + or + 一般将来时
含义:表示转折 / 警示关系,译为 “做……,否则……”,不执行前面的动作,就会产生不良后果。
结构:动词原形开头 + 逗号 + or + 主语 + will + 动词原形
Get up early, or you will be late for school. 早点起床,否则你上学就要迟到了。
Don’t run in the hallways, or you will hurt yourself. 不要在走廊奔跑,否则你会受伤。
五、过去将来时
(1)过去将来时的构成(would 结构)
句式
will / shall 结构
Be动词
肯定句
主语 + would + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + would + be + 其他
否定式
主语 + wouldn’t + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + wouldn’t + be + 其他
一般疑问式
Would + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
Would + 主语 + be + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + would + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
疑问词 + would + 主语 + be + 其他?
(2)过去将来时的构成(was / were going to 结构)
句式
be going to 结构
Be动词
肯定句
主语 + was / were going to + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + was / were going to + be + 其他
否定式
主语 + was / were not going to + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + was / were not going to + be + 其他
一般疑问式
Was / Were + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他?
Was / Were + 主语 + going to + be + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + was / were + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他?
疑问词 + was / were + 主语 + going to + be + 其他?
(3)过去将来时的用法
结构
用法
例句
would + 动词原形
多用于宾语从句,主句谓语动词为过去式(said/told/thought/hoped 等),转述他人当时的想法、打算、承诺。
He said he would help me with my English. 他说他会帮我补习英语。
描述过去习惯性的倾向、意愿。
When he was young, he would walk along the river after dinner. 他小时候,晚饭后总会沿着河边散步。
was /were going to + 动词原形
侧重过去已经计划、安排好,原本打算要做的事。
We were going to have a picnic, but it rained. 我们原本打算去野餐,结果下雨了。
可表示根据过去的迹象,判断当时即将发生的动作。
The sky was dark. It was going to rain. 当时天色阴沉,眼看就要下雨了。
常暗含 “计划最终没能实现” 的含义。
She was going to buy a new bike last month. 上个月她本来打算买一辆新自行车。
was /were about to do ... when ...
固定句式,意为 “某人正要做某事,就在这时……”。
was/were about to do 强调过去那一刻动作即将发生(时间极近,马上就要做);when 引导并列句,后接突然发生的短暂动作,用一般过去时。
I was about to leave when the teacher came in. 我正要离开,这时老师进来了。I was about to leave when the teacher came in. 我正要离开,这时老师进来了。
He was about to go to bed when his friend called him. 他刚要上床睡觉,朋友突然给他打来了电话。
六、现在进行时
(1)现在进行时的构成
句式
结构
肯定句
主语 + am / is / are + 动词-ing + 其他
否定式
主语 + am / is / are + not + 动词-ing + 其他
一般疑问式
Am / Is / Are + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + am / is / are + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他?
(2)现在进行时的用法
用法
常用标志词
例句
表示此时此刻正在进行的动作
常用标志词:now(现在)、look(看)、listen(听)、at the moment(此刻)
Look! The children are playing on the playground. 看!孩子们正在操场上玩耍。
表示现阶段正在进行,此刻未必在做的动作
常用标志词:these days(这些天)、recently(近来)、this week(这周)
He is learning French these days. 他这些天一直在学法语。(说话时不一定正在学)
表位置移动、往返类动词,用进行时表将来
常用动词:go, come, leave, arrive, fly, move, start, travel
My uncle is coming to visit us tomorrow. 我叔叔明天要来看我们。
She is leaving for Beijing next Monday. 她下周一动身前往北京。
现在进行时搭配 always、constantly,不再单纯描述习惯性动作,而是带有厌烦、不满、夸赞、惊讶等主观情绪
表不满、抱怨、批评
You are always talking in class. 你总在课堂上讲话。(抱怨)
表赞赏、夸奖
She is always helping others. 她总是乐于助人。(夸赞)
七、过去进行时
(1)过去进行时的构成
句式
结构
肯定句
主语 + was / were + 动词-ing + 其他
否定式
主语 + was / were + 动词-ing + 其他
一般疑问式
Was / Were + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + was / were + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他?
(2)过去进行时的用法
用法
常用标志词
例句
强调在过去精准的时间点,动作正在发生
常用标志词:at 8:00 last night(昨晚八点)、at this time yesterday(昨天这个时候)、then(那时)
I was watching TV at nine o'clock last night. 昨晚九点我正在看电视。
表示过去某一时间段持续进行的动作
all day yesterday(昨天一整天)、from morning to afternoon last Friday(上周五从早到晚)、during that period(在那段时间里)
She was reading books from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. yesterday. 昨天下午两点到四点她一直在看书。
when 引导从句
主句用过去进行时(长动作,持续进行),从句用一般过去时(短动作,突然发生),译为 “正在做某事,这时……”。
I was walking along the street when I met an old friend. 我正走在街上,这时遇到了一位老朋友。
while 引导从句
while 强调动作同步进行,主从句常用过去进行时,表示 “正当…… 的时候,与此同时……”。
My mother was cooking while my father was washing dishes. 妈妈在做饭,爸爸在洗碗。
位移类动词,过去进行时表过去将来
go、come、leave、arrive、fly、move 等位置移动类动词,可用过去进行时,表示从过去视角看,当时计划好、即将发生的动作。
He told me he was leaving for Guangzhou the next day. 他告诉我他第二天就要动身去广州。
过去进行时搭配 always、constantly,不再单纯描述过去习惯,而是抒发过去的厌烦、抱怨、赞赏等情绪
表抱怨、不满
He was always making mistakes when he studied here. 他在这儿学习时,老是犯错误。(抱怨)
表夸赞、肯定
She was always helping others when she was young. 她年少时总是乐于助人。(夸奖)
八、现在完成时
(1)现在完成时的构成
句式
结构
肯定句
主语 + have / has + 动词过去分词 + 其他
否定式
主语 + have / has + not + 动词过去分词 + 其他
一般疑问式
Have / Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + have / has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他?
(2)现在完成时的用法
用法
常用标志词
例句
表示过去发生的动作,对现在造成结果或影响
just(刚刚)、already(已经,多用于肯定句)、yet(还、已经,多用于否定句和疑问句末尾)
I have finished my homework. 我已经写完作业了。(影响:现在可以休息、玩耍)
She has lost her key. 她把钥匙弄丢了。(影响:现在没有钥匙,无法开门)
表示动作从过去某一时间开始,一直持续到现在(句中动词必须是延续性动词)
for + 一段时间,侧重描述动作持续的时长。
I have lived in this city for ten years. 我在这座城市已经住了十年。(十年前入住,现在仍住在这里)
since + 过去时间点(年份、日期、时刻)
He has worked here since 2018. 自从 2018 年起,他就在这里工作了。
since + 一般过去时从句(从句动作是时间起点)
I have known her since I was a child. 我从小就认识她了。
经典固定句型
It is / It has been + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时从句 (自从…… 以来,已经过去多久了)
It has been three years since we met last time. 自从我们上次见面,已经过去三年了。
描述从出生到现在为止,曾经有过或从未有过的经历、体验,强调 “人生履历”,动作可反复发生。
ever(曾经,多用于疑问句)、never(从未)、once(一次)、twice(两次)、several times(数次)
Have you ever been to Beijing? 你曾经去过北京吗?
I have never eaten Japanese food. 我从来没有吃过日本料理。
用于地点 / 场景类语境,结合语境表状态
多用于日常对话、场景描述,侧重当下所处状态
---Where is your mother? 你妈妈在哪?
---She has gone shopping. 她去购物了。(现在不在家)
用于主句,搭配 so far /up to now /in the past + 时间段
so far(到目前为止)、up to now(直到现在)、in the past five years(在过去五年里)、during these years(这些年来)
So far, we have learned over 800 words. 到目前为止,我们已经学了 800 多个单词。
Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years. 过去十年里,我的家乡发生了巨大变化。
宾语从句中的用法
主句为现在时态,从句描述 “至今为止的经历 / 影响”,从句用现在完成时。
He says he has finished his homework. 他说他已经写完作业了。
(3)拓展辨析:
have been to /have gone to /have been in
have been to + 地点
去过某地(现在已经返回,人在现场),侧重经历。
例:She has been to Guangzhou. 她去过广州。(现已回来)
have gone to + 地点
去了某地(人还在目的地,未返回,此刻不在现场)。
例:My father has gone to Wuhan. 我爸爸去武汉了。(人还在武汉)
have been in + 地点 + 时间段
待在某地(强调停留时长,常与 for/since 连用)。
例:We have been in Beijing for a month. 我们在北京待了一个月。
(4)短暂性动词转延续性动词:
短暂性动词
延续性动词
例句
die
be dead
His dog has been dead for two months.
buy / receive
have
I have had this book for two years.
marry
be married
They have been married for three years.
finish / end
be over
The film has been over for 10 minutes.
join
be in/ be a member of
He has been in the army for two years.
begin / start
be on
The meeting has been on for an hour.
borrow
keep
I have kept the book for a week.
fall asleep
be asleep
The baby has been asleep for three hours.
get to know
know
I have known him since 2020.
leave
be away
He has been away from home for a week.
arrive / come
be here / be in
She has been here since 9:00.
put on
wear / have on / be dressed in
She has worn this dress for a day.
fall ill
be ill
He has been ill for a week.
go out
be out
They have been out for two hours.
lose
be lost
My key has been lost for three days.
(5)“be + 形容词/副词/介词短语” 替代终止性动词:
用“be + 形容词”
用“be + 副词”
用“be + 介词短语”
marry → be married
start / begin → be on
go to / come to / move to → be in / at + 地点
fall ill / get ill → be ill
get up → be up
join the army → be in the army
die → be dead
return to / come back to / go back to → be back (to)
fall asleep / get asleep → be asleep
come / arrive / reach / get here → be here
wake / wake up → be awake
go / arrive / reach / get there → be there
(6)现在完成时常用句型
句型
例句
It is / has been + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时从句
It is two years since his father died.
自从他爸爸去世已经两年了。
It was / had been + 时间段 + since + 过去完成时从句
It was two years since I had last seen her.
我上次见她已经是两年前的事了。
It/That is the + 序数词 + time + that + 从句(现在完成时)
That is the second time that she has won the game. 这是她第二次赢得比赛。
It/That was the + 序数词 + time + that + 从句(过去完成时)
It was the first time that I had been to England.
这是我第一次去英格兰。
This is the + 最高级 + 名词 + that + 从句(现在完成时)
That is the best movie that we have ever seen.
那是我们看过的最好的电影。
This was the + 最高级 + 名词 + that + 从句(过去完成时)
This was the worst storm that had hit the area in a decade. 这是十年来袭击该地区最严重的一场暴风雨。
九、过去完成时
(1)过去完成时的构成
句式
结构
肯定句
主语 + had + 动词过去分词 + 其他
否定式
主语 + had + not + 动词过去分词 + 其他
一般疑问式
Had + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + had + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他?
(2)过去完成时的用法
用法
特征
例句
动作发生在过去某一时间点 / 动作之前,即 “过去的过去”
句中必须有一个明确的过去动作作参照,先发生的动作使用过去完成时,后发生的动作使用一般过去时。
She found the book that she had lost. 她找到了她丢失的书。(“丢书” 发生在 “找到” 之前)
动作从过去某一时间点开始,一直持续到过去另一时间点,强调 “过去时间段内的持续”,类似现在完成时的 “未完成用法”。
since + 过去时间点
for + 时间段
by + 过去时间(如 by the end of last year)
before/when 引导的一般过去时从句
I had learned 3,000 English words by the end of last year. 去年年底前我已经学了 3000 个英语单词。(截止到 “去年年底” 这个过去时间点,动作已完成)
He said he had lived in that village since 1976. 他说自从 1976 年起他就住在那个村子里。(“住村子” 从 1976 年持续到他说话的过去时间点)
用于 hardly/scarcely...when... 和 no sooner...than... 句型
表示 “刚一…… 就……”,强调动作的紧接发生。
I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me. 我刚结束工作,他就来看我了。I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow. 我刚进屋,就下起了雪。
用于 “第几次做某事” 句型:That/It was the + 序数词 + time that + 从句
主句用一般过去时(was),从句必须用过去完成时。
That/It was the second time that she had seen her grandfather. 那是她第二次见她爷爷。
即时训练
1. My father ______ to work by bus every morning.( )
A. go B. goes C. went D. is going
【答案】B
【解析】every morning表示习惯动作,主语My father为第三人称单数,谓语用goes。
2. The girl often ______ her mother with housework after school.( )
A. help B. helps C. helped D. will help
【答案】B
【解析】often提示一般现在时,主语The girl为第三人称单数,用helps。
3. Tom doesn't ______ basketball on weekdays.( )
A. plays B. played C. play D. playing
【答案】C
【解析】doesn't后接动词原形,不能用plays。
4. Water ______ at 100℃.( )
A. boils B. boiled C. is boiling D. will boil
【答案】A
【解析】客观事实用一般现在时,主语Water为不可数名词,谓语用boils。
5. ______ your sister like reading English stories?( )
A. Do B. Does C. Is D. Are
【答案】B
【解析】主语your sister为第三人称单数,实义动词like构成疑问句需用Does。
6. Look! The children ______ kites on the playground.( )
A. fly B. flew C. are flying D. will fly
【答案】C
【解析】Look提示动作正在发生,主语children为复数,用are flying。
7. Listen! Someone ______ in the next room.( )
A. sings B. is singing C. sang D. sing
【答案】B
【解析】Listen提示正在听到的动作,用现在进行时is singing。
8. My mother ______ dinner in the kitchen now.( )
A. cooks B. cooked C. is cooking D. will cook
【答案】C
【解析】now提示现在正在发生,主语My mother为第三人称单数,用is cooking。
9. The boys are ______ in the river.( )
A. swim B. swims C. swimming D. swam
【答案】C
【解析】are后接现在分词,swim需双写m再加-ing。
10. Don't make noise. The baby ______.( )
A. sleeps B. slept C. is sleeping D. will sleep
【答案】C
【解析】语境表示婴儿正在睡觉,用is sleeping。
11. We ______ a school trip last Friday.( )
A. have B. had C. will have D. are having
【答案】B
【解析】last Friday为过去时间,have的过去式为had。
12. Did you ______ the movie yesterday evening?( )
A. watch B. watched C. watching D. watches
【答案】A
【解析】Did构成疑问句后,实义动词用原形watch。
13. There ______ a football match in our school next week.( )
A. is B. was C. will be D. has been
【答案】C
【解析】next week提示将来,there be句型将来时为there will be。
14. Mary is going to ______ her grandparents this Sunday.( )
A. visits B. visited C. visit D. visiting
【答案】C
【解析】be going to后接动词原形visit。
15. My uncle ______ a new computer two days ago.( )
A. buys B. bought C. will buy D. is buying
【答案】B
【解析】two days ago提示过去,buy的过去式为bought。
16. Linlin ______ to Beijing already, and she will come back next week.( )
A. went B. has gone C. has been D. goes
【答案】B
【解析】already提示完成时,后文will come back说明人去了北京尚未回来,用has gone。
17. I have lived in this city ______ ten years.( )
A. since B. for C. in D. at
【答案】B
【解析】ten years为时间段,用for。
18. My parents ______ the Great Wall twice.( )
A. visit B. visited C. have been to D. have gone to
【答案】C
【解析】twice表示经历次数,且人已回来,用have been to。
19. Have you finished your homework ______?( )
A. already B. yet C. just D. ever
【答案】B
【解析】现在完成时疑问句中常用yet表示“已经”。
20. She ______ the book for two weeks.( )
A. borrowed B. has borrowed C. has kept D. keeps
【答案】C
【解析】for two weeks表示持续时间,borrow为短暂性动词,应转换为延续性动词keep的完成时has kept。
1. (2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题甲(A)第11题)Alice ______ for me to go to school every day.
A. waited B. is waiting C. was waited D. waits
【答案】D
【解析】every day提示习惯性动作,用一般现在时;主语Alice为第三人称单数,wait需用waits。
2. (2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题甲(A)第15题)Linlin ______ to Beijing already, and she will come back in a week.
A. went B. has gone C. has been D. was going
【答案】B
【解析】already提示现在完成时;后半句will come back说明Linlin去了北京还未回来,用has gone。
3. (2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题乙(A)第8题)Look at that cat! It ______ with a ping-pang ball.
A. plays B. play C. is playing D. played
【答案】C
【解析】Look at that cat提示动作正在发生,主语It为第三人称单数,用is playing。
4. (2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题乙(A)第47题)I will go to see a movie with my classmates this weekend.(改为一般疑问句)______ ______ go to see a movie with your classmates this weekend?
A. Will you B. Do you C. Did you D. Are you
【答案】A
【解析】原句为一般将来时will go,改一般疑问句时将will提前;第一人称my随问句转换为your。
5. (改编自2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题甲(A)第14题)He has been a famous film star ______ 10 years.
A. before B. when C. after D. for
【答案】D
【解析】原题语境考查完成时与时间状语搭配。若表达持续时间段,应改为for 10 years。
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编写说明:2027年陕西省(高职分类考试)《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练,在编写中融入支架式教学理念,紧扣陕西高职分类考试英语真题考情,将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单,以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础,再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强,实操性好,为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径,高效赋能备考提分。
本专题是2027年陕西省(高职分类考试)《英语一轮讲练测》的第4个专题,内容为动词时态综合。
2027年陕西省(高职分类考试)
《英语一轮讲练测》复习讲义
专题04 动词时态综合
目录
01 考情解码·命题预警
02 体系构建·思维可视
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚
考点1 动词的时态
即时训练
04 真题溯源·考向感知
考点
内容解读
陕西省高职分类考试真题统计
2024年甲卷
2024年乙卷
一般现在时
考查表示习惯性、经常性动作或客观事实的时态,以及条件状语从句中的主将从现规则。甲卷Q11根据every day选waits(三单),Q60翻译题考查If引导的条件句用一般现在时。解题关键是根据时间标志词判断时态,并注意主语为第三人称单数时动词需加-s/-es。
(11)(60)
一般过去时
考查表示过去某一时间发生的动作。乙卷Q2根据yesterday识别bought为一般过去时,Q20根据yesterday和went判断用did提问。甲卷Q18考代动词did替代上文helped。解题关键是根据yesterday/last week/ago等标志词和上下文时态一致规则。
(18)
(2)(20)
一般将来时
考查表示将来发生的动作或状态,常用will do或be going to do。甲卷Q1根据tomorrow选will have,Q13根据this weekend选will go。注意区分一般将来时与现在进行时表将来,以及主将从现中主句用将来时、从句用一般现在时。
(1)(13)
进行时态与完成时态
现在进行时考查Look!/Listen!等提示词下的be doing结构(乙卷Q8:Look!→is playing)。现在完成时考查already/yet/since/for等标志词下的have/has done结构(甲卷Q10:have finished、Q15:has gone already),需注意have been to与have gone to的区别。
(10)(14)(15)
(8)
【考点1 动词的时态】
一、动词的时态
(1)定义
英语中不同的时间和方式发生的动作或状态需用谓语动词的不同形式来表示,这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称为动词的时态。
(2)英语16种时态(中职对口升学要求掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时。)
体态分类
现在时间
过去时间
将来时间
过去将来时间
一般式(陈述事实)
一般现在时 do/does
一般过去时 did
一般将来时 will do
过去将来时 would do
进行式(正在进行)
现在进行时 am/is/are doing
过去进行时 was/were doing
将来进行时 will be doing
过去将来进行时 would be doing
完成式(动作完成)
现在完成时 have/has done
过去完成时 had done
将来完成时 will have done
过去将来完成时 would have done
完成进行式(持续进行)
现在完成进行时 have/has been doing
过去完成进行时 had been doing
将来完成进行时 will have been doing
过去将来完成进行时 would have been doing
二、一般现在时
(1)一般现在时的构成
句式
实义动词
Be动词
肯定句
主语 + 动词原形 / 动词第三人称单数 + 其他
主语 + am / is / are + 其他
否定式
主语 + don’t / doesn’t + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + am / is / are + not + 其他
一般疑问式
Do / Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
Am / Is / Are + 主语 + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + do / does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
特殊疑问式 | 疑问词 + am / is / are + 主语 + 其他?
(2)一般现在时的用法
用法
结构
例句
表示经常性、习惯性的动作或行为
常搭配频率类时间标志词:always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day/week/month/year, on weekdays/on weekends
I usually get up at six o'clock every morning. 我通常每天早上六点起床。
She sometimes walks to school on weekends. 她周末有时步行去上学。
表示人、事物固有的身份、特征、性格、能力与状态
描述主语长期不变的属性、外貌、性格、爱好、拥有的能力、所处状态等,无明显时间限制。
He likes playing basketball. 他喜欢打篮球。
The little girl speaks English well. 这个小女孩英语说得很好。
表示客观真理、自然现象、科学规律
这类内容是永恒不变的事实,无论主句为何种时态,从句一律使用一般现在时。
My teacher said the earth goes around the sun. 地球围绕太阳运转。
表示格言、谚语、俗语
名言警句、人生哲理、传统谚语属于通用道理,固定使用一般现在时。
Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧
用于 “主将从现” 语法结构
条件状语从句(引导词:if, unless)
If it is fine tomorrow, we will go for a picnic. 如果明天天气好,我们就去野餐。
You will fail unless you work hard. 你如果不努力,就会失败。
时间状语从句(引导词:when, as soon as, until, before, after)
I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back. 他一回来,我就把消息告诉他。
She will wait here until you arrive. 她会在这里一直等到你到来。
表示按时刻表、日程表、既定安排将要发生的动作
多用于交通、课程、演出、赛事等有固定时间安排的场景,强调计划不可随意更改,常用动词:go, come, leave, arrive, start, begin, finish, take off。
The train leaves at seven thirty. 这趟火车七点三十分发车。
课程安排:Our class begins at 8:00 a.m. 我们上午八点开始上课。
用于现场解说、图片 / 图文描述、剧情介绍
解说员实时描述正在发生的比赛、表演动作,习惯使用一般现在时。
Li Ming passes the ball to Wang Tao. Wang Tao shoots! 李明把球传给王涛,王涛射门!
介绍画面里的人物、动作、场景。
Look at the picture. A boy sits under the big tree. 看这张图片,一个男孩坐在大树下。
概括故事内容、人物行为,统一使用一般现在时。
The story tells us a brave boy helps an old man. 这个故事讲述了一个勇敢的男孩帮助一位老人的故事。
三、一般过去时
(1)一般过去时的构成
句式
实义动词
Be动词
肯定句
主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他
主语 + was / were + 其他
否定式
主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + was / were + not + 其他
一般疑问式
Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
Was / Were + 主语 + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
(2)一般过去时的用法
用法
结构
例句
表示过去特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态
动作、状态发生并结束在过去某个明确时间,与现在无关联。常搭配时间标志词:yesterday、yesterday morning/afternoon、last week/year/month、...ago、just now、in + 过去年份、at + 过去具体时刻 等。
I met an old friend yesterday. 我昨天遇到了一位老朋友。She was in Beijing three years ago. 三年前她在北京。
表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作
描述过去一段时间内反复发生的行为,常搭配 often, usually, always, sometimes, every day(过去语境) 等频度词;也可用 used to do 强调 “过去常常做(现在已不做)”。
When I was young, I often played games after school. 我小时候,放学后经常玩游戏。He used to walk to school. 他过去常常步行去上学。(现在不再步行)
主句为过去将来时,从句使用一般过去时
对应现在时态的主将从现,若主句谓语为过去将来时(would do /was/were going to do),时间、条件状语从句要用一般过去时表 “过去视角下将要发生的动作”,也称主过从过。
He said he would go hiking if it was fine the next day. 他说如果第二天天气好,他就去远足。She told me she would call me as soon as she arrived home. 她告诉我,她一到家就给我打电话。
since 引导的时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时
since 意为 “自从…… 以来”,主句常用现在完成时,since 后面的从句必须使用一般过去时,用来标注动作 / 状态的起始时间点。基本句式:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + since + 主语 + 动词过去式
I have lived here since I was ten years old. 我从十岁起就住在这里了It has been five years since we met last time. 自从我们上次见面,已经过去五年了。
对话语境中,强调 “刚才、刚刚” 发生的动作
日常口语、情景对话里,用一般过去时强调片刻之前、刚刚完成的动作,侧重动作已经结束,区别于现在进行时。
— Why are you out of breath? 你为什么气喘吁吁? — I ran to the classroom. 我刚才跑着进教室的。
固定句型中使用一般过去时
It’s (high) time + 主语 + 动词过去式
固定句型,表示 “该做某事了”,从句用一般过去时表委婉建议、提醒,属于虚拟语气用法。
It’s time we went to bed. 我们该睡觉了。
would rather + 主语 + 动词过去式(虚拟语气)
would rather 意为 “宁愿”,后接从句时,从句使用一般过去时,表示与现在 / 将来事实相反的主观愿望。
I would rather you stayed at home now. 我宁愿你现在待在家里。
四、一般将来时
(1)一般将来时的构成(will / shall 结构)
句式
will / shall 结构
Be动词
肯定句
主语 + will / shall + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + will / shall + be + 其他
否定式
主语 + won’t / shan’t + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + won’t / shan’t + be + 其他
一般疑问式
Will / Shall + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
Will / Shall + 主语 + be + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + will / shall + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
疑问词 + will / shall + 主语 + be + 其他?
(2)一般将来时的构成(be going to 结构)
句式
be going to 结构
Be动词
肯定句
主语 + am / is / are going to + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + am / is / are going to + be + 其他
否定式
主语 + am / is / are not going to + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + am / is / are not going to + be + 其他
一般疑问式
Am / Is / Are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他?
Am / Is / Are + 主语 + going to + be + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + am / is / are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他?
疑问词 + am / is / are + 主语 + going to + be + 其他?
(3)一般将来时的特殊构成
结构
用法
例句
be doing(现在进行时表将来)
多用于表示位移、往返的动词:go、come、leave、arrive、fly、move、start、travel 等,侧重已安排好、即将发生的近期动作。
She is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 她明天动身前往上海。
We are coming to see you this weekend. 我们这周末要来看你。
be about to do(即将、正要做某事)
强调动作马上、立刻就要发生,时间间隔极短;不与 tomorrow, next week 等具体将来时间状语连用,常搭配 when 引导的时间状语从句。
The class is about to begin. 课马上就要开始了。
I was about to go out when it rained. 我正要出门,突然下起了雨。
be to do(按计划、命令、安排将要做)
多用于正式语境,侧重官方计划、规定、命令、注定发生的动作,常见于通知、新闻、正式安排。
The sports meeting is to be held next Friday. 运动会定于下周五举行。
You are to finish the task before noon. 你必须在中午前完成这项任务。
(4)一般将来时的用法
用法
结构
例句
搭配将来时间状语,表将来发生的动作或状态
常搭配时间标志词:
单个时间词:tomorrow(明天)、tonight(今晚)、soon(不久、很快)
含 next 短语:next day /next week /next month /next year(第二天 / 下周 / 下月 / 明年)
in + 时间段:in three days(三天后)、in a week(一周后)、in the future(在将来)
其他:later(稍后)、this afternoon /this evening(今天下午 / 今晚)
We will have a math test tomorrow. 我们明天将要进行数学测试。
She is going to visit her grandma next week. 她下周打算去看望奶奶。
祈使句 + and + 一般将来时
含义:表示顺承关系,译为 “做……,就会……”,前一个动作顺利发生,就会带来积极结果。
结构:动词原形开头 + 逗号 + and + 主语 + will + 动词原形
Work hard, and you will get good grades. 努力学习,你就会取得好成绩。
Read more books, and you will learn a lot. 多读书,你就会学到很多知识。
祈使句 + or + 一般将来时
含义:表示转折 / 警示关系,译为 “做……,否则……”,不执行前面的动作,就会产生不良后果。
结构:动词原形开头 + 逗号 + or + 主语 + will + 动词原形
Get up early, or you will be late for school. 早点起床,否则你上学就要迟到了。
Don’t run in the hallways, or you will hurt yourself. 不要在走廊奔跑,否则你会受伤。
五、过去将来时
(1)过去将来时的构成(would 结构)
句式
will / shall 结构
Be动词
肯定句
主语 + would + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + would + be + 其他
否定式
主语 + wouldn’t + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + wouldn’t + be + 其他
一般疑问式
Would + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
Would + 主语 + be + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + would + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
疑问词 + would + 主语 + be + 其他?
(2)过去将来时的构成(was / were going to 结构)
句式
be going to 结构
Be动词
肯定句
主语 + was / were going to + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + was / were going to + be + 其他
否定式
主语 + was / were not going to + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + was / were not going to + be + 其他
一般疑问式
Was / Were + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他?
Was / Were + 主语 + going to + be + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + was / were + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他?
疑问词 + was / were + 主语 + going to + be + 其他?
(3)过去将来时的用法
结构
用法
例句
would + 动词原形
多用于宾语从句,主句谓语动词为过去式(said/told/thought/hoped 等),转述他人当时的想法、打算、承诺。
He said he would help me with my English. 他说他会帮我补习英语。
描述过去习惯性的倾向、意愿。
When he was young, he would walk along the river after dinner. 他小时候,晚饭后总会沿着河边散步。
was /were going to + 动词原形
侧重过去已经计划、安排好,原本打算要做的事。
We were going to have a picnic, but it rained. 我们原本打算去野餐,结果下雨了。
可表示根据过去的迹象,判断当时即将发生的动作。
The sky was dark. It was going to rain. 当时天色阴沉,眼看就要下雨了。
常暗含 “计划最终没能实现” 的含义。
She was going to buy a new bike last month. 上个月她本来打算买一辆新自行车。
was /were about to do ... when ...
固定句式,意为 “某人正要做某事,就在这时……”。
was/were about to do 强调过去那一刻动作即将发生(时间极近,马上就要做);when 引导并列句,后接突然发生的短暂动作,用一般过去时。
I was about to leave when the teacher came in. 我正要离开,这时老师进来了。I was about to leave when the teacher came in. 我正要离开,这时老师进来了。
He was about to go to bed when his friend called him. 他刚要上床睡觉,朋友突然给他打来了电话。
六、现在进行时
(1)现在进行时的构成
句式
结构
肯定句
主语 + am / is / are + 动词-ing + 其他
否定式
主语 + am / is / are + not + 动词-ing + 其他
一般疑问式
Am / Is / Are + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + am / is / are + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他?
(2)现在进行时的用法
用法
常用标志词
例句
表示此时此刻正在进行的动作
常用标志词:now(现在)、look(看)、listen(听)、at the moment(此刻)
Look! The children are playing on the playground. 看!孩子们正在操场上玩耍。
表示现阶段正在进行,此刻未必在做的动作
常用标志词:these days(这些天)、recently(近来)、this week(这周)
He is learning French these days. 他这些天一直在学法语。(说话时不一定正在学)
表位置移动、往返类动词,用进行时表将来
常用动词:go, come, leave, arrive, fly, move, start, travel
My uncle is coming to visit us tomorrow. 我叔叔明天要来看我们。
She is leaving for Beijing next Monday. 她下周一动身前往北京。
现在进行时搭配 always、constantly,不再单纯描述习惯性动作,而是带有厌烦、不满、夸赞、惊讶等主观情绪
表不满、抱怨、批评
You are always talking in class. 你总在课堂上讲话。(抱怨)
表赞赏、夸奖
She is always helping others. 她总是乐于助人。(夸赞)
七、过去进行时
(1)过去进行时的构成
句式
结构
肯定句
主语 + was / were + 动词-ing + 其他
否定式
主语 + was / were + 动词-ing + 其他
一般疑问式
Was / Were + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + was / were + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他?
(2)过去进行时的用法
用法
常用标志词
例句
强调在过去精准的时间点,动作正在发生
常用标志词:at 8:00 last night(昨晚八点)、at this time yesterday(昨天这个时候)、then(那时)
I was watching TV at nine o'clock last night. 昨晚九点我正在看电视。
表示过去某一时间段持续进行的动作
all day yesterday(昨天一整天)、from morning to afternoon last Friday(上周五从早到晚)、during that period(在那段时间里)
She was reading books from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. yesterday. 昨天下午两点到四点她一直在看书。
when 引导从句
主句用过去进行时(长动作,持续进行),从句用一般过去时(短动作,突然发生),译为 “正在做某事,这时……”。
I was walking along the street when I met an old friend. 我正走在街上,这时遇到了一位老朋友。
while 引导从句
while 强调动作同步进行,主从句常用过去进行时,表示 “正当…… 的时候,与此同时……”。
My mother was cooking while my father was washing dishes. 妈妈在做饭,爸爸在洗碗。
位移类动词,过去进行时表过去将来
go、come、leave、arrive、fly、move 等位置移动类动词,可用过去进行时,表示从过去视角看,当时计划好、即将发生的动作。
He told me he was leaving for Guangzhou the next day. 他告诉我他第二天就要动身去广州。
过去进行时搭配 always、constantly,不再单纯描述过去习惯,而是抒发过去的厌烦、抱怨、赞赏等情绪
表抱怨、不满
He was always making mistakes when he studied here. 他在这儿学习时,老是犯错误。(抱怨)
表夸赞、肯定
She was always helping others when she was young. 她年少时总是乐于助人。(夸奖)
八、现在完成时
(1)现在完成时的构成
句式
结构
肯定句
主语 + have / has + 动词过去分词 + 其他
否定式
主语 + have / has + not + 动词过去分词 + 其他
一般疑问式
Have / Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + have / has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他?
(2)现在完成时的用法
用法
常用标志词
例句
表示过去发生的动作,对现在造成结果或影响
just(刚刚)、already(已经,多用于肯定句)、yet(还、已经,多用于否定句和疑问句末尾)
I have finished my homework. 我已经写完作业了。(影响:现在可以休息、玩耍)
She has lost her key. 她把钥匙弄丢了。(影响:现在没有钥匙,无法开门)
表示动作从过去某一时间开始,一直持续到现在(句中动词必须是延续性动词)
for + 一段时间,侧重描述动作持续的时长。
I have lived in this city for ten years. 我在这座城市已经住了十年。(十年前入住,现在仍住在这里)
since + 过去时间点(年份、日期、时刻)
He has worked here since 2018. 自从 2018 年起,他就在这里工作了。
since + 一般过去时从句(从句动作是时间起点)
I have known her since I was a child. 我从小就认识她了。
经典固定句型
It is / It has been + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时从句 (自从…… 以来,已经过去多久了)
It has been three years since we met last time. 自从我们上次见面,已经过去三年了。
描述从出生到现在为止,曾经有过或从未有过的经历、体验,强调 “人生履历”,动作可反复发生。
ever(曾经,多用于疑问句)、never(从未)、once(一次)、twice(两次)、several times(数次)
Have you ever been to Beijing? 你曾经去过北京吗?
I have never eaten Japanese food. 我从来没有吃过日本料理。
用于地点 / 场景类语境,结合语境表状态
多用于日常对话、场景描述,侧重当下所处状态
---Where is your mother? 你妈妈在哪?
---She has gone shopping. 她去购物了。(现在不在家)
用于主句,搭配 so far /up to now /in the past + 时间段
so far(到目前为止)、up to now(直到现在)、in the past five years(在过去五年里)、during these years(这些年来)
So far, we have learned over 800 words. 到目前为止,我们已经学了 800 多个单词。
Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years. 过去十年里,我的家乡发生了巨大变化。
宾语从句中的用法
主句为现在时态,从句描述 “至今为止的经历 / 影响”,从句用现在完成时。
He says he has finished his homework. 他说他已经写完作业了。
(3)拓展辨析:
have been to /have gone to /have been in
have been to + 地点
去过某地(现在已经返回,人在现场),侧重经历。
例:She has been to Guangzhou. 她去过广州。(现已回来)
have gone to + 地点
去了某地(人还在目的地,未返回,此刻不在现场)。
例:My father has gone to Wuhan. 我爸爸去武汉了。(人还在武汉)
have been in + 地点 + 时间段
待在某地(强调停留时长,常与 for/since 连用)。
例:We have been in Beijing for a month. 我们在北京待了一个月。
(4)短暂性动词转延续性动词:
短暂性动词
延续性动词
例句
die
be dead
His dog has been dead for two months.
buy / receive
have
I have had this book for two years.
marry
be married
They have been married for three years.
finish / end
be over
The film has been over for 10 minutes.
join
be in/ be a member of
He has been in the army for two years.
begin / start
be on
The meeting has been on for an hour.
borrow
keep
I have kept the book for a week.
fall asleep
be asleep
The baby has been asleep for three hours.
get to know
know
I have known him since 2020.
leave
be away
He has been away from home for a week.
arrive / come
be here / be in
She has been here since 9:00.
put on
wear / have on / be dressed in
She has worn this dress for a day.
fall ill
be ill
He has been ill for a week.
go out
be out
They have been out for two hours.
lose
be lost
My key has been lost for three days.
(5)“be + 形容词/副词/介词短语” 替代终止性动词:
用“be + 形容词”
用“be + 副词”
用“be + 介词短语”
marry → be married
start / begin → be on
go to / come to / move to → be in / at + 地点
fall ill / get ill → be ill
get up → be up
join the army → be in the army
die → be dead
return to / come back to / go back to → be back (to)
fall asleep / get asleep → be asleep
come / arrive / reach / get here → be here
wake / wake up → be awake
go / arrive / reach / get there → be there
(6)现在完成时常用句型
句型
例句
It is / has been + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时从句
It is two years since his father died.
自从他爸爸去世已经两年了。
It was / had been + 时间段 + since + 过去完成时从句
It was two years since I had last seen her.
我上次见她已经是两年前的事了。
It/That is the + 序数词 + time + that + 从句(现在完成时)
That is the second time that she has won the game. 这是她第二次赢得比赛。
It/That was the + 序数词 + time + that + 从句(过去完成时)
It was the first time that I had been to England.
这是我第一次去英格兰。
This is the + 最高级 + 名词 + that + 从句(现在完成时)
That is the best movie that we have ever seen.
那是我们看过的最好的电影。
This was the + 最高级 + 名词 + that + 从句(过去完成时)
This was the worst storm that had hit the area in a decade. 这是十年来袭击该地区最严重的一场暴风雨。
九、过去完成时
(1)过去完成时的构成
句式
结构
肯定句
主语 + had + 动词过去分词 + 其他
否定式
主语 + had + not + 动词过去分词 + 其他
一般疑问式
Had + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他?
特殊疑问式
疑问词 + had + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他?
(2)过去完成时的用法
用法
特征
例句
动作发生在过去某一时间点 / 动作之前,即 “过去的过去”
句中必须有一个明确的过去动作作参照,先发生的动作使用过去完成时,后发生的动作使用一般过去时。
She found the book that she had lost. 她找到了她丢失的书。(“丢书” 发生在 “找到” 之前)
动作从过去某一时间点开始,一直持续到过去另一时间点,强调 “过去时间段内的持续”,类似现在完成时的 “未完成用法”。
since + 过去时间点
for + 时间段
by + 过去时间(如 by the end of last year)
before/when 引导的一般过去时从句
I had learned 3,000 English words by the end of last year. 去年年底前我已经学了 3000 个英语单词。(截止到 “去年年底” 这个过去时间点,动作已完成)
He said he had lived in that village since 1976. 他说自从 1976 年起他就住在那个村子里。(“住村子” 从 1976 年持续到他说话的过去时间点)
用于 hardly/scarcely...when... 和 no sooner...than... 句型
表示 “刚一…… 就……”,强调动作的紧接发生。
I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me. 我刚结束工作,他就来看我了。I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow. 我刚进屋,就下起了雪。
用于 “第几次做某事” 句型:That/It was the + 序数词 + time that + 从句
主句用一般过去时(was),从句必须用过去完成时。
That/It was the second time that she had seen her grandfather. 那是她第二次见她爷爷。
即时训练
1. My father ______ to work by bus every morning.( )
A. go B. goes C. went D. is going
2. The girl often ______ her mother with housework after school.( )
A. help B. helps C. helped D. will help
3. Tom doesn't ______ basketball on weekdays.( )
A. plays B. played C. play D. playing
4. Water ______ at 100℃.( )
A. boils B. boiled C. is boiling D. will boil
5. ______ your sister like reading English stories?( )
A. Do B. Does C. Is D. Are
6. Look! The children ______ kites on the playground.( )
A. fly B. flew C. are flying D. will fly
7. Listen! Someone ______ in the next room.( )
A. sings B. is singing C. sang D. sing
8. My mother ______ dinner in the kitchen now.( )
A. cooks B. cooked C. is cooking D. will cook
9. The boys are ______ in the river.( )
A. swim B. swims C. swimming D. swam
10. Don't make noise. The baby ______.( )
A. sleeps B. slept C. is sleeping D. will sleep
11. We ______ a school trip last Friday.( )
A. have B. had C. will have D. are having
12. Did you ______ the movie yesterday evening?( )
A. watch B. watched C. watching D. watches
13. There ______ a football match in our school next week.( )
A. is B. was C. will be D. has been
14. Mary is going to ______ her grandparents this Sunday.( )
A. visits B. visited C. visit D. visiting
15. My uncle ______ a new computer two days ago.( )
A. buys B. bought C. will buy D. is buying
16. Linlin ______ to Beijing already, and she will come back next week.( )
A. went B. has gone C. has been D. goes
17. I have lived in this city ______ ten years.( )
A. since B. for C. in D. at
18. My parents ______ the Great Wall twice.( )
A. visit B. visited C. have been to D. have gone to
19. Have you finished your homework ______?( )
A. already B. yet C. just D. ever
20. She ______ the book for two weeks.( )
A. borrowed B. has borrowed C. has kept D. keeps
1. (2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题甲(A)第11题)Alice ______ for me to go to school every day.
A. waited B. is waiting C. was waited D. waits
2. (2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题甲(A)第15题)Linlin ______ to Beijing already, and she will come back in a week.
A. went B. has gone C. has been D. was going
3. (2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题乙(A)第8题)Look at that cat! It ______ with a ping-pang ball.
A. plays B. play C. is playing D. played
4. (2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题乙(A)第47题)I will go to see a movie with my classmates this weekend.(改为一般疑问句)______ ______ go to see a movie with your classmates this weekend?
A. Will you B. Do you C. Did you D. Are you
5. (改编自2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题甲(A)第14题)He has been a famous film star ______ 10 years.
A. before B. when C. after D. for
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