内容正文:
外研版七年级上册 Starter 语法学案
班级:________ 姓名:________ 得分:________
一、学习目标
1. 分清可数名词、不可数名词,熟练背诵名词单数变复数规则变化、特殊不规则变形;
2. 掌握基数词基础认读、冠词a/an/the/零冠词基础选用规则;
3. 吃透一般现在时用法、动词三单变形规则;区分will / be going to两类一般将来时结构;
4. 吃透 there be 句型主谓就近一致、否定 / 疑问变换;识别 3 类基础简单句句型;分清形容词分类、原级 / 比较级 / 最高级基础概念;完成配套分层习题,扫清七年级入门核心语法易错点。
课前思考问题
1. 不可数名词为什么不能直接搭配a/an?名词以f、fe、辅音+y结尾复数该怎么变形?
2. 主语是第三人称单数时谓语动词要做什么变形?there be 句型碰到多个并列主语,be 动词单复数依照什么判定?
模块一 名词:可数名词 & 不可数名词
1. 可数名词
可以逐个清点数量,能搭配冠词a/an、基数词,具备复数形式 示例:an orange 一个橘子、a boy 一个男孩;six oranges 六个橘子、three boys 三个男孩
名词复数规则变形表
规则
示例
普通名词末尾直接加 - s
shops, desks, bags
词尾 s /x/ch /sh,后缀补充 - es
buses, boxes, watches, brushes
辅音字母 + y 收尾:y 改写为 i 再加 - es
babies, cities, stories
字母 o 收尾:有生命名词加 - es;无生命名词加 - s
tomatoes, heroes;radios, photos, zoos, pianos
词尾 f /fe:将 f、fe 改写为 ves
life – lives、knife – knives、leaf – leaves
两类特殊名词补充
①不规则变形(无固定后缀规律,硬性背诵) man – men、woman – women、foot – feet、tooth – teeth、child – children ②单复数拼写完全一致:fish、deer、sheep、Chinese、Japanese
基础配套练习
1. 写出单词复数形式 box ________ city ________ tomato ________ knife ________
2. 单选:I have three ______ on my desk. A. watchs B. watches C. watch
2. 不可数名词
指代材料、液态物质、抽象事物,无法拆分逐个计数;不能搭配不定冠词a/an、基数词,不存在复数变化 示例:water(水)、wool(羊毛)、weather(天气),不能写a water、two weathers
配套小练习(判断正误打√/×)
(1) I drink a water every morning. ( ) (2) We have fine weather today. ( )
模块二 基数词 + 冠词考点
1. 基数词(用于计量数目)
分段必背范围: 1~10:one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten 11~19:eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen 整十:twenty (20)、thirty (30)、forty (40)、fifty (50)、sixty (60)、seventy (70)、eighty (80)、ninety (90) 大数:a hundred(一百)、a thousand(一千)
2. 三类冠词选用规则
1. 定冠词 the:双方都能明确辨认指代对象,名词前方加 the 例句:Do you like the movie? 你喜欢那部电影吗?
2. 不定冠词 a /an:单方不清楚特指对象,单数可数名词前使用;元音音素开头单词用an,辅音开头用a 例句:I have a lovely cat. 我有一只可爱的猫。
3. 零冠词(不加冠词):泛指一类事物,放在可数名词复数、不可数名词前 例句:She is afraid of tigers. 她害怕老虎。
配套习题(填空:a /an/the / 不填)
1. There is ______ orange on the plate.
2. ______ sun rises from the east.
3. Dogs are loyal pets;I like ______ dogs.
模块三 两大基础时态:一般现在时、一般将来时
1. 一般现在时
核心表意场景
①客观永恒真理;②日常习惯性、反复发生的动作 例句:The sun rises in the east.(客观真理);He plays basketball two times a week.(日常习惯)
动词第三人称单数(三单)变形表格(主语:名词单数、he/she/it)
变形规则
单词范例
动词普通结尾直接补充 - s
stands, looks, speaks
词尾 s、x、z、ch、sh,后缀加 - es
guesses, fixes, buzzes, catches, finishes
辅音 + y 收尾:y 替换成 i,补充 - es
flies, tries, worries, copies
硬性特殊不规则变形
have – has、go – goes、do – does、be – is
配套练习(动词做三单变形)
watch ________ study ________ go ________ have ________
2. 一般将来时两套句式辨析
1. will + 动词原形:描述未来事件;承载请求、应允语气
2. be going to + 动词原形:侧重主观计划、预判很快会发生的事;多数场景二者能互换 例句:He will /is going to visit his friend this weekend. It will /is going to be a sunny day tomorrow.
配套单选
My mum ______ buy fresh fruit tomorrow morning. A. will B. is going C. going to
模块四 there be 句型(就近一致原则)
基础句式逻辑:There is/are + 人 / 事物 + 地点状语;be 动词单复数由紧随它的首个主语决定(就近一致)
例句:There is a pen and two books on the desk.(靠前单数主语 pen,选用 is) There are two chairs and a bed in my bedroom.(靠前复数主语 chairs,选用 are)
肯定、否定、疑问完整对照
肯定句
否定句
一般疑问句
标准简答
There is a computer on the desk.
There isn’t a computer on the desk.
Is there a computer on the desk?
Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t.
There is some food on the table.
There isn’t any food on the table.
Is there any food on the table?
Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t.
There are some students in the playground.
There aren’t any students in the playground.
Are there any students in the playground?
Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.
补充:陈述句内部 some,改写否定、疑问句统一替换成 any
句型改写习题
There are some flowers in the yard.(改写否定句 + 一般疑问句作答)
否定:________________________________________
疑问:________________________________________
模块五 3 类入门基础简单句句型
句型分类
句式拆解 + 示范
句型 1:主语 + 系动词 + 表语
These books are interesting. / He is smart.
句型 2:主语 + 不及物动词(谓语)
The class begins. / I will try.
句型 3:主语 + 及物动词(谓语) + 宾语
I want a delicious cake. / My father loves music.
句式判断小练习(填写句型序号 1/2/3)
1. The bird flies. ( )
2. The cake tastes sweet. ( )
3. Kids like colourful toys. ( )
模块六 形容词基础知识点
一、形容词细分品类
形容词分类
举例
品质形容词
happy, healthy, quiet, angry, clean
类属形容词
local, real, right, daily
颜色形容词
black, blue, brown, green
强调形容词
perfect, true, complete
-ing(修饰事物,表事物属性)
amazing, exciting, interesting, boring
-ed(修饰人,表达主观情绪感受)
excited, interested, bored
二、形容词三级形态(原级、比较级、最高级)
原级:描述基础属性;比较级:二者互相对比,译作 “更……”;最高级:群体内做排行,译作 “最……”
原级
比较级
最高级
high(高的)
higher(更高的)
highest(最高的)
warm(暖和的)
warmer(更暖和的)
warmest(最暖和的)
cold(冷的)
colder(更冷的)
coldest(最冷的)
配套选词填空(-ing /-ed)
1. The cartoon is ______ (amazing / amazed).
2. I feel ______ (boring / bored) on rainy days.
模块七 综合分层训练
基础单选题(10 题)
1. There ______ a dog and three cats inside the yard. A. is B. are C. be
2. My brother often ______ basketball on weekends. A. play B. plays C. playing
3. We can see many ______ in the woodland. A. deer B. deers C. deeres
4. There is ______ "h" inside the word "hour". A. a B. an C. the
5. This story makes me ______. The story itself is ______. A. bored; boring B. boring; bored C. bored; bored
6. There ______ some milk inside the glass. A. is B. are C. were
7. She ______ visit the city museum next Saturday. A. is going to B. go to C. goes
8. Which word 名词复数变形有误? A. leaf–leaves B. tomato–tomatos C. baby–babies
9. ______ tigers are fierce animals.(零冠词泛指类别) A. A B. The C. /
10. The weather ______ getting cooler in autumn. A. get B. gets C. getting
词形填空(按考点做变形)
1. He ______ (watch) cartoon clips every evening.(三单变形)
2. three ______ (box) sit under the wooden desk(名词复数)
3. There aren’t ______ (some) oranges inside the fridge(some 变形)
4. The trip is ______ (surprising / surprised); I get ______ (surprising / surprised).
5. There ______ (be) two pens and one notebook on the shelf(就近一致)
汉译英(统一给中文,横线书写英文)
1. 桌子上有两本绘本和一支钢笔。
1. 太阳从东边升起。
1. 这件让人惊喜的礼物让我十分兴奋。
课堂背诵总结清单
1. 名词板块:可数名词分规则、不规则复数;不可数名词不能搭配 a/an、基数词;f/fe、辅音 + y 为复数高频易错变形点
2. 冠词:特指用 the;单数泛指辅音配 a、元音配 an;复数泛指、不可数名词泛指用零冠词
3. 时态板块:一般现在时三单四类变形;将来时分 will(侧重客观将来)、be going to(侧重计划预判)
4. there be:严格执行就近一致;陈述句 some,否定、疑问句改写 any
5. 句型:系表结构、不及物动词主谓结构、主谓宾三类基础句式;形容词分清 - ing 修饰事物、-ed 修饰人,掌握原级 / 比较级 / 最高级基础概念
拓展造句任务(课堂加分)
1. there be 就近一致造句:
________________________________________________
2. 动词三单造句(一般现在时):
________________________________________________
3. 区分 - ing、-ed 形容词造句:
________________________________________________
参考答案(教师备用)
模块一配套练习
1.boxes;cities;tomatoes;knives 2.B;判断:(1)× (2)√
模块二冠词填空
1.an;2.The;3. 不填
模块三三单变形
watches;studies;goes;has;单选答案 A
模块四句型改写
There aren’t any flowers in the yard. Are there any flowers in the yard? Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.
模块五句型序号
1.2;2.1;3.3
模块六形容词填空
1.amazing;2.bored
综合单选答案
1.A 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.B
词形填空
1.watches 2.boxes 3.any 4.surprising、surprised 5.are
汉译英参考答案
1.There are two picture books and a pen on the desk. 2.The sun rises from the east. 3.This surprising gift makes me very excited.
拓展造句参考
1.There is one apple and three bananas on the plate. 2.My grandma waters potted plants each morning. 3.The roller-coaster ride is terrifying; I feel terrified.
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