第18练-2026年【暑假分层作业】 人教版选择性必修四Unit3-夯实基础+能力提升

**基本信息** 该专项围绕“Unit3 Sea Exploration”，以词汇构词为基础，递进至非谓语语法应用，最终实现语篇理解，系统提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇过关|16题|词形转换|动词-名词-形容词派生逻辑，构建词汇网络| |完成句子|5题|句型结构|聚焦it作形式主语等复杂句式，强化语法应用| |语法过关|10题|非谓语动词|不定式/分词用法辨析，形成语法规则体系| |语法填空|10空|语篇语法|非谓语与时态结合，体现语法在语境中的运用| |阅读能力提升|4题|细节理解|基于词汇语法的推理分析，培养语篇思维|

第18练 Unit3 Sea Exploration 1. 【词汇过关】 1．affect vt.影响；侵袭，使感染；深深打动→________ n．喜爱；影响 2．identify vt.找到，发现；确认，认出；显示，说明身份→________ n．识别；鉴定；确认 3．abnormal adj.反常的，畸形的→________ adj.正常的，标准的 4．arise vi.发生，出现；(由……)引起，(因……)产生→(过去式)  ________→(过去分词) ________ 5．prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止；使不可能→________ n．禁止；禁令 6．resistance n．抵抗力；抵制，反对；抵抗，反抗→________ v．抵抗；抗拒→________ adj.抵抗的，反抗的 7．withdraw vi.& vt.脱离(社会)，不与人交往；(使)撤回；(使)退出；停止提供→(过去式) ________→(过去分词) ________ 8．equip vt.配备；使有能力→(过去式) ________→(过去分词) ________→________ n．设备 9．grateful adj.感激的，表示感谢的→________ n．感谢；感激 10．disabled adj.有残疾的，丧失能力的→________ n．缺陷，障碍 11．applicant n. 申请人→ ________v. 运用；应用；申请→  ________n. 应用；申请 12．favour n. 支持；赞同→ ________adj. 给人好印象的；赞成的；有利的→  ________adj.最喜欢的 n.最喜爱的人或事物 13．advertise v. (为……)做广告（宣传）→ ________ n. 广告→________ n. 广告业 14．negotiable adj. 可协商的→  ________n. 谈判，协商，磋商→ ________ n. 谈判者；磋商者→ ________ v. 谈判，磋商，协商 15．preference n. 优先（权）→ ________ v. 更喜欢；偏爱 16．qualification n. 技能条件，资格→ ________ v. 使合格；取得……资格→ ________ adj. 有资格的 II、【完成句子】 17．她认为弥合数字鸿沟、确保每个人都能上网并掌握新技术的使用非常重要。 （it 作形式主语） She believes that ____________________ and make sure that everyone has access to the internet and knows how to use new technology. 18．她随即成为北京协和医学院附属医院妇产科有史以来首位受聘的住院医师。 She immediately became the first woman ever ________________________ in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. 19．发表题为“做聪明的在线学习者”的演讲，我感到荣幸。（一句多译） 1. I ________ ________ ________ ________ a speech titled “Be smart online learners”. (honour v.) 2. ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ a speech titled “Be smart online learners”. (honour n.) 20．为了谋生，许多年轻人毕业后离开家乡。 _______ _______ _______ _______, many young people leave their hometowns after graduation. 21．________________ this activity more successful, I’d like to invite you and your band to ________________. 为了使这次活动更加成功，我想要邀请你和你的乐队登台表演。 III、【语法过关】 22．Mary pretended not (know) me when we met in the street the other day. 23． (sleep) late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm clock. 24．Daji, or big open-air fairs, typically take place on specific dates of the lunar calendar, for example, on dates with five or seven as the last digit. It is also common for them (hold) during traditional Chinese holidays such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, as well as other local festivals. 25．China was the first country (launch) a manned spacecraft into orbit independently. 26．But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her education. 27．When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive. True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal meant me no real harm. He was just saying: “I’m king of this forest, and here is your reminder!” Once his message was delivered, he allowed me (stay) and watch. 28．Another reason for corn’s rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water than rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. 29．According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years longer than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by running. 30．Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up (see) them. When he looked down, he accidentally slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes and screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him. 31．These sepals (萼片) open on warm days (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). In cold weather, the structure stays (close) to protect the plants. IV、【语法填空能力提升】 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the Eastern Cape of South Africa, a lioness named Josie overcame hardship in a way few animals ever do. After 32 (lose) her sight more than five years ago, Josie continued to live in the wild well into old age — not alone, but 33 (support) every step of the way by her two daughters, Dawn and Duffy. Her daughters always stayed close to her side, making sure there was no chance of her 34 (leave) behind. When it came time to hunt, Dawn and Duffy took the lead, 35 (successful) bringing down prey and then calling out so their mother could join them 36 (enjoy) the feast. It’s a level of care that stands out in the wild, where injured or disabled animals are often left to fend (自谋生计) for themselves. Visitors and rangers (护林员) who saw Josie over the years described her as 37 symbol of resilience (坚韧) and courage. Despite her 38 (blind), she continued moving across the grassland, relying 39 the strong and firm bond she shared with her daughters. In late 2025, Josie’s journey came to an end, but her story continues to inspire. In a place 40 survival can be harsh and unforgiving, this small family showed something 41 (remark) — that even in the wild, compassion and connection can make all the difference. V、【阅读能力提升】 Human children and adults often follow trends, but this imitation isn’t unique to our species. A new study suggests wild parrots (鹦鹉) learn to try new foods by copying peers. Animals living in urban environments can meet unusual resources, and expanding their diet is crucial in ever-changing cities. However, they are often cautious about unfamiliar, potentially poisonous food. To judge the risks, some animals use social learning by observing others — a strategy rarely studied in the wild. To check if wild parrots use this way, scientists studied over 700 wild cockatoos in five Sydney areas. Two parrots from different places learned to eat blue or red colored nuts. Then a food box with these nuts was put there. After watching the trained parrots eat, other parrots in Balmoral Beach ate the colored nuts within seven minutes. In a third community, where there were no trained cockatoos, it took four days for the parrots to try the novel food items. But after one parrot — who had moved from the Balmoral Beach community — took the risk, 15 other parrots also ate the nuts within 10 minutes. By the end of the experiment, 349 individuals across five areas were eating colored nuts. The researchers also found males were more likely to influence the behavior of other males. Female parrots were more likely to change their behavior based on social information, regardless of the age or sex of the individuals they observed. What’s more interesting is that young parrots always follow others and copy most parrots’ choices. Yet adult ones care more about their social partners’ actions. 42．What does the underlined word “imitation” in the first paragraph mean? A．Seeking social acceptance. B．Protecting their unique identity. C．Adopting habits from parents. D．Learning through observation. 43．How did parrots react after seeing trained ones eat colored nuts? A．They waited for four days. B．They tried them soon. C．They refused the new food. D．They changed their habits. 44．What did the study find about young parrots? A．They learned faster than adults. B．They were braver than adults. C．They followed most other parrots. D．They preferred social partners. 45．What can be inferred about social learning according to the text? A．It helps animals adapt to new environments. B．It belongs to human nature. C．It prevents animals from trying new foods. D．It works equally for male and female birds. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第18练 Unit3 Sea Exploration 1. 【词汇过关】 1．affect vt.影响；侵袭，使感染；深深打动→________ n．喜爱；影响 2．identify vt.找到，发现；确认，认出；显示，说明身份→________ n．识别；鉴定；确认 3．abnormal adj.反常的，畸形的→________ adj.正常的，标准的 4．arise vi.发生，出现；(由……)引起，(因……)产生→(过去式)  ________→(过去分词) ________ 5．prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止；使不可能→________ n．禁止；禁令 6．resistance n．抵抗力；抵制，反对；抵抗，反抗→________ v．抵抗；抗拒→________ adj.抵抗的，反抗的 7．withdraw vi.& vt.脱离(社会)，不与人交往；(使)撤回；(使)退出；停止提供→(过去式) ________→(过去分词) ________ 8．equip vt.配备；使有能力→(过去式) ________→(过去分词) ________→________ n．设备 9．grateful adj.感激的，表示感谢的→________ n．感谢；感激 10．disabled adj.有残疾的，丧失能力的→________ n．缺陷，障碍 【答案】 1．affection 2．identification 3．normal 4． arose arisen 5．prohibition 6． resist resistant 7． withdrew withdrawn 8． equipped equipped equipment 9．gratitude 10．disability 【解析】1．affect为动词，含义为“影响；侵袭，使感染；深深打动”；其名词为“affection”，含义为“喜爱；影响”，故填affection。 2．identify为动词，含义为“找到，发现；确认，认出；显示，说明身份”；其名词为“identification”，含义为“识别；鉴定；确认”，故填identification。 3．abnormal为形容词，含义为“反常的，畸形的”；其反义词为“normal”，含义为“正常的，标准的”，故填normal。 4．arise为动词，其含义为“发生，出现；(由……)引起，(因……)产生”；其过去式为“arose”；过去分词为“arisen”，故答题空1填arose；答题空2填arisen。 5．prohibit为动词，含义为“(尤指以法令)禁止；使不可能”；其名词为“prohibition”，含义为“禁止；禁令”，故填prohibition。 6．resistance为名词，含义为“抵抗力；抵制，反对；抵抗，反抗”；其动词为“resist”含义为“抵抗；抗拒”；其形容词为“resistant”，含义为“抵抗的，反抗的”。故答题空1填resist；答题空2填resistant。 7．withdraw为动词，含义为“脱离(社会)，不与人交往；(使)撤回；(使)退出；停止提供”；其过去式为“withdrew”；过去分词为withdrawn。故答题空1填withdrew；答题空2填withdrawn。 8．equip为动词，含义为“配备；使有能力”；其过去式为“equipped”；过去分词为“equipped”；其名词为“equipment”，含义为“设备”。故答题空1填equipped；答题空2填equipped；答题空3填equipment。 9．grateful为形容词，含义为“感激的，表示感谢的”；其名词为“gratitude”，含义为“感谢；感激”，故填gratitude。 10．disabled为形容词，含义为“有残疾的，丧失能力的”；其名词为“disability”，含义为“缺陷，障碍”故填disability。 词性转换 11．applicant n. 申请人→ ________v. 运用；应用；申请→  ________n. 应用；申请 12．favour n. 支持；赞同→ ________adj. 给人好印象的；赞成的；有利的→  ________adj.最喜欢的 n.最喜爱的人或事物 13．advertise v. (为……)做广告（宣传）→ ________ n. 广告→________ n. 广告业 14．negotiable adj. 可协商的→  ________n. 谈判，协商，磋商→ ________ n. 谈判者；磋商者→ ________ v. 谈判，磋商，协商 15．preference n. 优先（权）→ ________ v. 更喜欢；偏爱 16．qualification n. 技能条件，资格→ ________ v. 使合格；取得……资格→ ________ adj. 有资格的 【答案】11． apply application 12． favourable favourite 13． advertisement advertising 14． negotiation negotiator negotiate 15．prefer 16． qualify qualified 【解析】11．applicant“申请人”，名词，其动词形式是apply“运用、应用”；其另一个名词形式是application“应用，申请”，故第一空填apply，第二空填application。 12．favour“支持，赞同”，名词，其形容词形式是favourable“有利的”；其另一个形容词兼名词形式是favourite“最喜欢的；最喜爱的人或事物”，故第一空填favourable，第二空填favourite。 13．advertise“做广告”，动词，其名词形式是advertisement“广告”；其另一个名词形式是advertising“广告业”，故第一空填advertisement，第二空填advertising。 14．negotiable“可协商的”，形容词，其名词形式是negotiation“协商”；其另一个表示人的名词形式是negotiator“协商者”，其动词形式是negotiate“协商”，故第一空填negotiation，第二空填negotiator，第三空填negotiate。 15．preference“优先权”，名词，其动词形式是prefer“更喜欢、偏爱”；故填prefer。 16．qualification“技能条件，资格”，名词，其动词形式是qualify“使合格”；其形容词形式是qualified“有资格的”，故第一空填qualify，第二空填qualified。 II、【完成句子】 17．她认为弥合数字鸿沟、确保每个人都能上网并掌握新技术的使用非常重要。 （it 作形式主语） She believes that ____________________ and make sure that everyone has access to the internet and knows how to use new technology. 【答案】it is highly important to bridge the digital divide 【详解】that引导宾语从句，作believes的宾语，根据believes可知，是一般现在时，“做某事非常重要”使用固定句型it is highly important to do sth.，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，“弥合数字鸿沟”的英文表达为bridge the digital divide。 18．她随即成为北京协和医学院附属医院妇产科有史以来首位受聘的住院医师。 She immediately became the first woman ever ________________________ in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. 【答案】to be hired as a resident physician 【详解】“聘任……为……”表达为动词短语hire… as… ，“首位……的人”为固定结构“the first + 名词 + 不定式作后置定语”，woman与动词hire是被动关系，不定式短语使用被动形式to be hired as，作后置定语修饰名词the first woman；“住院医师”表达为名词短语a resident physician。 19．发表题为“做聪明的在线学习者”的演讲，我感到荣幸。（一句多译） 1. I ________ ________ ________ ________ a speech titled “Be smart online learners”. (honour v.) 2. ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ a speech titled “Be smart online learners”. (honour n.) 【答案】 am/feel honoured to make/give It is an honour for me to make/give 【详解】第一句要求使用动词honour，固定搭配feel/be honoured to do sth.意为“为做某事而感到荣幸”，make/give a speech是“发表演讲”的常用表达，主语是I，句子描述客观状态，用一般现在时，be动词用am。第二句要求使用名词honour，句子描述客观状态，用一般现在时，固定句型It is an honour for sb. to do sth.意为“做某事是某人的荣幸”，It作形式主语，make/give a speech是“发表演讲”的常用表达，make/give用动词不定式形式作真正的主语。 20．为了谋生，许多年轻人毕业后离开家乡。 _______ _______ _______ _______, many young people leave their hometowns after graduation. 【答案】 To earn a living 【详解】根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“为了谋生”，应用动词短语earn a living，在句中作目的状语，用不定式短语to earn a living，句首单词首字母大写。 21．________________ this activity more successful, I’d like to invite you and your band to ________________. 为了使这次活动更加成功，我想要邀请你和你的乐队登台表演。 【答案】 To make perform on stage 【详解】第一空表示“为了让……”使用动词不定式to make，作目的状语，句首单词，首字母大写，第二空表示“登台表演”译为perform on stage，空前to是不定式符号，perform用原形。 III、【语法过关】 22．Mary pretended not (know) me when we met in the street the other day. 【答案】to know 【详解】to know   考查不定式。句意：前几天在街上遇到Mary时，她假装不认识我。pretend to do“ 假装做某事”用不定式，此处是否定形式，故填to know . 23． (sleep) late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm clock. 【答案】To sleep 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了早上睡到很晚，鲍勃关掉了闹钟。本句中不定式表目的，故填To sleep。 24．Daji, or big open-air fairs, typically take place on specific dates of the lunar calendar, for example, on dates with five or seven as the last digit. It is also common for them (hold) during traditional Chinese holidays such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, as well as other local festivals. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be held 【详解】句意：它们也常常在中国传统节日期间举行，例如春节、中秋节以及其他地方性节日。固定句型“it is + adj. + for sb./sth. to do sth.”中it为形式主语，不定式作真正主语，且hold(举行)与其逻辑主语“them(指代Daji)”之间为被动关系，故用不定式的被动式to be held。 25．China was the first country (launch) a manned spacecraft into orbit independently. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to launch 【详解】句意：中国是第一个独立将载人航天器送入轨道的国家。was是谓语动词，launch作非谓语动词，作后置定语修饰“the first country”，当名词被序数词（the first, the second等）修饰时，需用不定式作后置定语；“the first country to do sth”意为 “第一个做某事的国家”，此空填动词不定式to launch。 26．But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her education.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to prove 【详解】句意：但莎拉曾与顶级模特一同参加过演出，她希望证明自己不仅有美貌，也有智慧。她决心继续深造。此处为短语want to do sth.意为“想要做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。 27．When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive. True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal meant me no real harm. He was just saying: “I’m king of this forest, and here is your reminder!” Once his message was delivered, he allowed me (stay) and watch.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to stay 【详解】句意：当大猩猩和我互相惊吓时，我只庆幸它们还活着。正因大猩猩本性不具攻击性，这只巨大的动物对我并无真正伤害。它只是在说：“我是这片森林的王者，这是对你的提醒！” 一旦传达完这个信息，它便允许我留下来观察。短语allow sb to do sth是固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”，因此应填to stay。 28．Another reason for corn’s rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water than rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to improve 【详解】句意：玉米种植量上涨的另一原因：政府鼓励农民改种玉米而非水稻，以此改善水质。玉米耗水量比水稻更少，化肥流失量也更低。已有谓语动词encourages，此处表达政府鼓励改种玉米的目的是改善水质，用不定式to improve作目的状语。 29．According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years longer than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by running. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 to see dying 【详解】句意：根据一篇医学期刊上的证据综述，跑步者比不跑步的人多活三年。你不需要跑得很快或跑很长时间才能看到这种益处。即使你喝酒、吸烟、超重，跑步仍然可以降低你过早死亡的风险。第一空用不定式to see作目的状语， 表示“要见到这个益处，你不必快跑或长时间地跑”；第二空作介词of的宾语，用动词die的动名词形式dying。 30．Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up (see) them. When he looked down, he accidentally slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes and screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to see 【详解】句意：埃里克稍晚一些醒来，听到外面有孩子在玩耍。他搬了一把椅子放到阳台上，爬上去想看孩子们。他往下张望时，脚下一滑，从阳台边缘摔了下去。他抓着边缘坚持了几分钟，大声呼喊父亲，可父亲并没有听见。句中的pushed与climbed up由and连接，作并列谓语，设空处应该使用非谓语动词，此处表示埃里克爬上阳台的目的，使用动词不定式to see作目的状语。 31．These sepals (萼片) open on warm days (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). In cold weather, the structure stays (close) to protect the plants. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 to give closed 【详解】句意：这些萼片会在温暖天气张开，为内部植株输送阳光与新鲜空气。该建筑设计拥有十片由玻璃和铝制成的钢制“萼片”。气温较低时，整体结构保持闭合，以此保护植物。第一空用不定式to give作目的状语，表示萼片在温暖天气张开的目的，是为了给内部阳光空气；stays“保持”是系动词，填形容词closed“关闭的”作表语，表示结构保持关闭的状态。 IV、【语法填空能力提升】 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the Eastern Cape of South Africa, a lioness named Josie overcame hardship in a way few animals ever do. After 32 (lose) her sight more than five years ago, Josie continued to live in the wild well into old age — not alone, but 33 (support) every step of the way by her two daughters, Dawn and Duffy. Her daughters always stayed close to her side, making sure there was no chance of her 34 (leave) behind. When it came time to hunt, Dawn and Duffy took the lead, 35 (successful) bringing down prey and then calling out so their mother could join them 36 (enjoy) the feast. It’s a level of care that stands out in the wild, where injured or disabled animals are often left to fend (自谋生计) for themselves. Visitors and rangers (护林员) who saw Josie over the years described her as 37 symbol of resilience (坚韧) and courage. Despite her 38 (blind), she continued moving across the grassland, relying 39 the strong and firm bond she shared with her daughters. In late 2025, Josie’s journey came to an end, but her story continues to inspire. In a place 40 survival can be harsh and unforgiving, this small family showed something 41 (remark) — that even in the wild, compassion and connection can make all the difference. 【答案】 32．losing 33．supported 34．being left 35．successfully 36．to enjoy 37．a 38．blindness 39．on 40．where 41．remarkable 【导语】文章讲述南非东开普省一头名叫Josie的失明母狮，在失去视力后，依靠两个女儿的帮扶，在残酷的野外艰难生存下来。 【详解】32．考查非谓语动词。句意：五年前失去视力后，乔西一直活在野外，直到年老时依然如此——她并非孤身一人，而是得到了两个女儿道恩和达菲的全力支持。介词After后跟动名词形式，用lose的动名词losing作宾语。 33．考查非谓语动词。句意：五年前失去视力后，乔西一直活在野外，直到年老时依然如此——她并非孤身一人，而是得到了两个女儿道恩和达菲的全力支持。句子已有谓语动词continued，空格处填入非谓语动词，根据后文by her two daughters可知，Josie是被她的两个女儿照顾，故用过去分词作状语。 34．考查非谓语动词。句意：她的女儿们总是紧挨着她，确保她不会被落下。作介词of的宾语，且leave behind“遗忘，落下”与其逻辑主语her之间为被动关系，应用being left，与her构成动名词的复合结构。 35．考查副词。句意：到了狩猎的时候，道恩和达菲率先出发，成功捕获了猎物，然后大声呼喊，让妈妈能加入他们一起享用美食。修饰动作bringing down用副词successfully“成功地”。 36．考查非谓语动词。句意：到了狩猎的时候，道恩和达菲率先出发，成功捕获了猎物，然后大声呼喊，让妈妈能加入他们一起享用美食。根据空前so their mother could join them可知，此处表示目的，指母狮可以加入他们享受盛宴，故用不定式to enjoy。 37．考查冠词。句意：多年来，看到乔西的游客和护林员都称她为坚韧与勇气的象征。短语a symbol of表示“……的象征”，symbol以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a表示泛指。 38．考查名词。句意：尽管失明，她仍继续在草原上行走，依靠着与女儿们之间牢固而深厚的情感纽带。作介词Despite的宾语，用名词blindness“失明”。 39．考查介词。句意：尽管失明，她仍继续在草原上行走，依靠着与女儿们之间牢固而深厚的情感纽带。固定搭配rely on表示“依靠”。 40．考查定语从句。句意：在一个生存艰难、残酷无情的地方，这个小家庭展现了一种非凡的品质——即使在荒野之中，同情与联结也能带来巨大的改变。空格处引导定语从句，先行词为a place，表示地点，故用where引导。 41．考查形容词。句意：在一个生存艰难、残酷无情的地方，这个小家庭展现了一种非凡的品质——即使在荒野之中，同情与联结也能带来巨大的改变。不定代词something后用形容词remarkable“卓越的，非凡的”作后置定语。 V、【阅读能力提升】 Human children and adults often follow trends, but this imitation isn’t unique to our species. A new study suggests wild parrots (鹦鹉) learn to try new foods by copying peers. Animals living in urban environments can meet unusual resources, and expanding their diet is crucial in ever-changing cities. However, they are often cautious about unfamiliar, potentially poisonous food. To judge the risks, some animals use social learning by observing others — a strategy rarely studied in the wild. To check if wild parrots use this way, scientists studied over 700 wild cockatoos in five Sydney areas. Two parrots from different places learned to eat blue or red colored nuts. Then a food box with these nuts was put there. After watching the trained parrots eat, other parrots in Balmoral Beach ate the colored nuts within seven minutes. In a third community, where there were no trained cockatoos, it took four days for the parrots to try the novel food items. But after one parrot — who had moved from the Balmoral Beach community — took the risk, 15 other parrots also ate the nuts within 10 minutes. By the end of the experiment, 349 individuals across five areas were eating colored nuts. The researchers also found males were more likely to influence the behavior of other males. Female parrots were more likely to change their behavior based on social information, regardless of the age or sex of the individuals they observed. What’s more interesting is that young parrots always follow others and copy most parrots’ choices. Yet adult ones care more about their social partners’ actions. 42．What does the underlined word “imitation” in the first paragraph mean? A．Seeking social acceptance. B．Protecting their unique identity. C．Adopting habits from parents. D．Learning through observation. 43．How did parrots react after seeing trained ones eat colored nuts? A．They waited for four days. B．They tried them soon. C．They refused the new food. D．They changed their habits. 44．What did the study find about young parrots? A．They learned faster than adults. B．They were braver than adults. C．They followed most other parrots. D．They preferred social partners. 45．What can be inferred about social learning according to the text? A．It helps animals adapt to new environments. B．It belongs to human nature. C．It prevents animals from trying new foods. D．It works equally for male and female birds. 【答案】42．D 43．B 44．C 45．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了一项新研究发现野生鹦鹉能够通过模仿同伴来学习尝试新食物。 【详解】42．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Human children and adults often follow trends, but this imitation isn’t unique to our species. A new study suggests wild parrots (鹦鹉) learn to try new foods by copying peers.(人类儿童和成人经常追随潮流，但这种imitation并非人类独有。一项新研究表明，野生鹦鹉会通过模仿同类来学习尝试新食物)”可知，this imitation指的是前面“人类儿童和成人追随潮流”这件事，结合后文讲述野生鹦鹉通过模仿同类的行为学习新食物，可推测出imitation的含义是“模仿”，即通过观察进行学习。 43．细节理解题。根据第三段中“After watching the trained parrots eat, other parrots in Balmoral Beach ate the colored nuts within seven minutes.(在观察过经过训练的鹦鹉进食后，巴尔莫勒尔海滩的其他鹦鹉在七分钟之内就开始食用这些带颜色的坚果了)”可知，鹦鹉看到经过训练的鹦鹉吃彩色坚果后，很快就开始尝试这些新食物。 44．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“What’s more interesting is that young parrots always follow others and copy most parrots’ choices.(更有趣的是，年幼的鹦鹉总会跟随其他鹦鹉，模仿大多数鹦鹉的选择)”可知，研究发现年幼鹦鹉会跟随大多数其他鹦鹉的选择。 45．推理判断题。根据第二段“Animals living in urban environments can meet unusual resources, and expanding their diet is crucial in ever-changing cities. However, they are often cautious about unfamiliar, potentially poisonous food. To judge the risks, some animals use social learning by observing others — a strategy rarely studied in the wild.(生活在城市环境中的动物会遇到不寻常的资源，在不断变化的城市中扩大饮食范围是至关重要的。但它们通常对不熟悉、可能有毒的食物十分谨慎。为了判断风险，一些动物会通过观察其他个体进行社会学习——这是很少在野外环境中研究的策略)”可知，社会学习可以帮助动物判断新食物的风险，扩大饮食范围，进而帮助它们适应不断变化的新环境。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $