第13练-2026年【暑假分层作业】人教版 选择性必修三Unit3-夯实基础+能力提升

**基本信息** 聚焦环境保护主题，通过词汇拓展、语法应用及语篇理解的递进式训练，系统提升语言能力与跨文化意识。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇过关|10题|词形转换（动词/名词/形容词等）|从基础词汇到派生拓展，构建环保主题词汇网络| |完成句子|5题|汉译英/固定搭配（如on behalf of）|结合句型结构（not only...but also）强化语境应用| |单句语法过关|10题|语法填空（时态/虚拟语气等）|聚焦语法点专项突破，夯实语言基础| |语法填空能力提升|10空|语篇语法填空|以竹资源环保话题为载体，考查词形变化与语篇衔接| |阅读能力提升|4题|阅读理解选择题|通过古生物灭绝案例，培养信息获取与推理的思维品质|

第13练 Unit 3 Environmental Protection 1. 【词汇过关】 1．believe v. 相信；认为→________ adj. 可信的→________ n. 信念；信条→________ n. 不信；怀疑；疑惑→________ adj. 难以置信的 2．create vt. 塑造；创作→________ n. 创作（物）；创造→________ adj. 创造性的；有创造力的→________ n. 创造力，创造性→________ n. 创造者→________ n. 创造物，生物 3．possess v. 拥有，具备→________ n. 财产，财物→________ （pl.） 财富 4．cheer vt. 欢呼；使高兴；为……喝彩；为……加油→________ adj. 欢乐的，高兴的；令人愉快的→________ adv. 欢乐地；愉快地；爽朗地 5．perform v. 表演，表现→________ n. 表演，表现→________ n. 表演者 6．harmony n. 融洽，一致→________ v. 使和谐、协调→________ adj. 和谐的，和睦的 7．summary n. 总结；摘要；提要→________ v. 作总结，作概括；总结，概括→________ adv. 概要地；概略地 8．distance n. 距离；间距→________ adj. 遥远的→________ adv. 远离地，遥远地；疏远地 9．assistance n. 帮助，援助→________ v. 帮助，协助 10．qualified adj. 合格的，称职的→________ v. 取得资格，达到标准→________ n. 资格，合格证明→________ n. 质量 II、【完成句子】 1．我们有责任抓住每一个机会，教育每个人了解全球变暖，包括其原因和影响，因为这是影响这个星球上我们所有人的最严重的问题。 ________________ to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet. 2．Scientists are developing new energy to take the place of traditional ________ ________ in daily life. 科学家们正在研发新能源，以替代日常生活中的传统化石燃料。 3．I would like to express our sincere thanks ________ ________ ________ all the members of the team. 我谨代表团队所有成员表达我们诚挚的谢意。 4．I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country ________ behalf of everyone here. 我代表在座的各位祝你们回国旅途愉快。 5．融入大自然不仅仅激发我的创造力, 也提供了远离繁忙学校生活所必须的休息。 (not only...but also) Being surrounded by nature _____________ offered a much-needed break from the usual hustle and bustle of school life. III、【单句语法过关】 1．He (frequent) visits his grandparents who live in the countryside. 2．If I were you, I (seize) every chance to improve my English skills. 3．You are always making noises! Why must you be so tiresome when the latest sports news (broadcast) on the radio? 4．Teachers need to be (sense) to the development level of each student so as to help them better. 5．The government has imposed a new (restrict) on industrial emissions, aiming to restore the blue sky for future generations. 6．Her poem themed her deep love for children (submit) to the national poetry contest before the deadline last month. 7．Usually, better outcomes are achieved through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk (tolerate). 8．His great (enthusiastic) for environmental protection inspired many classmates to join the school’s recycling program. 9．My father’s life work was devoted to the (conserve) of the Longleat estate. 10．According to official research and historical records, the disease (origin) in Africa in the late 19th century. IV、【语法填空能力提升】 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The multifunctionality of bamboo is recognized in China, where the giant woody grass has been widely employed since the 11th century BC． 1 (bless) with a wealth of bamboo forests, China is the world’s largest producer of bamboo products and this resource, comparable in scale and economic impact to 2 of Ireland, secures its dominant position in the global market. Evolving into an eco-friendly replacement, bamboo 3 (prize) for its superior green nature. Its edge lies not only in toughness and strength but in rapid growth and renewability. As opposed 4 trees (such as oak or teak), which can take over a decade to mature, it reaches a harvest-ready stage in just four to six years, thus 5 (permit) repeated harvests without replanting. In Anji, 6 unique county in northwestern Zhejiang Province, bamboo has replaced plastic in various products. With 666 square kilometers of bamboo forests covering an area about 80 percent of the size of New York City and a long-standing history of bamboo use, Anji serves as a model in advancing bamboo as an alternative to plastic. On the farm, bamboo-based film (薄膜) replaces plastic film in the 7 (preserve) of heat and water. The industrial development of bamboo benefits local communities as well, 8 revives rural areas through bamboo harvesting. Scenes of harmony between humankind and nature are emerging in Anji, where bamboo-driven development is promoted 9 (cultivate) dialogues with nature and champion a greener future. Transformation, innovation, collaboration, and 10 (sustainable) grown natural treasures all form part of humanity’s shared heritage. V、【阅读能力提升】 Scientists have long linked the Permian-Triassic mass extinction some 252 million years ago to vast volcanic eruptions in what is now Siberia. The resulting CO2 emissions rapidly sped up climate warming, contributing to the collapse of ecosystems. But climate warming alone cannot explain this extinction because when the tropics become too hot, species migrate to the cooler and higher latitudes (纬度). So, what wiped out almost all life on land, including plants and usually tough insects, has remained a source of mystery. One new study, published in the journal Science and co-led by the University of Bristol and China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), has shed new light. Huge ocean warming El Nino events were the key, with global conditions swinging wildly over decades. The scale of Permian-Triassic warming was revealed by studying oxygen isotopes (同位素) in the fossilized tooth material of tiny extinct swimming organisms called conodonts (牙形虫). By studying the temperature record of conodonts from around the world, the researchers were able to show remarkable temperature instability, especially in the low and mid latitudes. Dr. Farnsworth, who used pioneering climate modeling to evaluate the findings, said, “The changes responsible for the climate patterns were profound because there were much more intense and prolonged El Nino events than witnessed today. Species were simply not equipped to adapt or evolve quickly enough.” The results of the climate modeling also help explain the abundant charcoal (木炭) found in rock layers of that age. “Wildfires became very common in a drought-prone climate. Earth got stuck in a crisis state where the land was burning and the oceans were lifeless. There was nowhere to hide,” he added. In recent years El Nino events have caused major changes. 2023-2024 was one of the hottest years on record globally due to a strong El Nino in the Pacific, which was further worsened by increased human-induced CO2, driving catastrophic droughts and fires around the world. Fortunately, events like this so far have only lasted one to two years at a time. 1．What can we know about the former volcanic-warming theory? A．It is not fully reasonable. B．It is totally groundless. C．It is put forward recently. D．It is widely challenged. 2．How did researchers learn ancient unstable global temperature? A．By using old climate models. B．By comparing latitudes temperatures. C．By observing ocean conditions. D．By examining related ancient fossils. 3．What happened some 252 million years ago according to the researchers? ①Species adapted fast to changes.    ②Lots of charcoal came into being. ③Wildfires broke out frequently.    ④The whole earth suffered severe damage. A．①② B．③④ C．②③④ D．①②③ 4．What is implied in the last paragraph? A．Seeing is believing. B．The cloud has a silver lining. C．Every day is a leaf in history. D．Actions speak louder than words. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第13练 Unit 3 Environmental Protection 1. 【词汇过关】 1．believe v. 相信；认为→________ adj. 可信的→________ n. 信念；信条→________ n. 不信；怀疑；疑惑→________ adj. 难以置信的 2．create vt. 塑造；创作→________ n. 创作（物）；创造→________ adj. 创造性的；有创造力的→________ n. 创造力，创造性→________ n. 创造者→________ n. 创造物，生物 3．possess v. 拥有，具备→________ n. 财产，财物→________ （pl.） 财富 4．cheer vt. 欢呼；使高兴；为……喝彩；为……加油→________ adj. 欢乐的，高兴的；令人愉快的→________ adv. 欢乐地；愉快地；爽朗地 5．perform v. 表演，表现→________ n. 表演，表现→________ n. 表演者 6．harmony n. 融洽，一致→________ v. 使和谐、协调→________ adj. 和谐的，和睦的 7．summary n. 总结；摘要；提要→________ v. 作总结，作概括；总结，概括→________ adv. 概要地；概略地 8．distance n. 距离；间距→________ adj. 遥远的→________ adv. 远离地，遥远地；疏远地 9．assistance n. 帮助，援助→________ v. 帮助，协助 10．qualified adj. 合格的，称职的→________ v. 取得资格，达到标准→________ n. 资格，合格证明→________ n. 质量 【答案】 1． believable belief disbelief unbelievable 2． creation creative creativity creator creature 3． possession possessions 4． cheerful cheerfully 5． performance performer 6． harmonize harmonious 7． summarize/summarise summarily 8． distant distantly 9．assist 10． qualify qualification quality 【详解】1．believe为动词，表示“相信；认为”，其形容词形式“可信的”为believable；其名词形式“信念；信条”为belief；名词“不信；怀疑；疑惑”为disbelief；其形容词形式“难以置信的”为unbelievable。故填①believable；②belief；③disbelief；④unbelievable。 2．create为及物动词，表示“塑造；创作”，其名词形式“创作（物）；创造”为creation；其形容词形式“创造性的；有创造力的”为creative；其名词形式“创造力，创造性”为creativity；其名词形式“创造者”为creator；名词“创造物，生物”为creature。故填①creation；②creative；③creativity；④creator；⑤creature。 3．possess为动词，表示“拥有，具备”，其名词形式为possession，意为“财产，财物”；复数形式possessions表示“财富”。故填①possession；②possessions。 4．cheer为及物动词，表示“欢呼；使高兴；为……喝彩；为……加油”，其形容词形式为cheerful，意为“欢乐的，高兴的；令人愉快的”；其副词形式为cheerfully，意为“欢乐地；愉快地；爽朗地”。故填①cheerful；②cheerfully。 5．perform为动词，表示“表演，表现”，其名词形式“表演，表现”为performance；其名词形式“表演者”为performer。故填①performance；②performer。 6．harmony为名词，表示“融洽，一致”，其动词形式为harmonize，意为“使和谐、协调”；其形容词形式为harmonious，意为“和谐的，和睦的”。故填①harmonize；②harmonious。 7．summary为名词，表示“总结；摘要；提要”，其动词形式为summarize/summarise，表示“作总结，作概括；总结，概括”，其副词形式为summarily，意为“概要地；概略地”。故填①summarize/summarise；②summarily。 8．distance为名词，表示“距离；间距”，其形容词形式为distant，意为“遥远的”；其副词形式为distantly，意为“远离地，遥远地；疏远地”。故填①distant；②distantly。 9．assistance为名词，表示“帮助，援助”，其动词形式为assist，意为“帮助，协助”，故填assist。 10．qualified为形容词，表示“合格的，称职的”，其动词形式为qualify，意为“取得资格，达到标准”；其名词形式“资格，合格证明”为qualification；其名词形式“质量”为quality。故填①qualify；②qualification；③quality。 II、【完成句子】 1．我们有责任抓住每一个机会，教育每个人了解全球变暖，包括其原因和影响，因为这是影响这个星球上我们所有人的最严重的问题。 ________________ to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet. 【答案】 It is our duty/responsibility to seize every opportunity 【详解】此处表示“我们有责任抓住每一个机会”，可以使用固定句型It is our duty/responsibility to do sth.其中it作形式主语，不定式短语作主语，“抓住每一个机会”译为seize every opportunity。 2．Scientists are developing new energy to take the place of traditional ________ ________ in daily life. 科学家们正在研发新能源，以替代日常生活中的传统化石燃料。 【答案】 fossil fuels/fuel 【详解】表示“化石燃料”可用fossil fuels/fossil fuel， 是一个固定搭配，fuel既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，因此，用复数形式或者原形都可以，在句中作介词of的宾语。 3．I would like to express our sincere thanks ________ ________ ________ all the members of the team. 我谨代表团队所有成员表达我们诚挚的谢意。 【答案】 on behalf of 【详解】根据句意，此处表示“代表”，此处使用固定短语on behalf of。 4．I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country ________ behalf of everyone here. 我代表在座的各位祝你们回国旅途愉快。 【答案】on 【详解】根据句意“代表”及空后的behalf of可知，此处应填介词on，构成固定短语“on behalf of”，意为“代表”。 5．融入大自然不仅仅激发我的创造力, 也提供了远离繁忙学校生活所必须的休息。 (not only...but also) Being surrounded by nature _____________ offered a much-needed break from the usual hustle and bustle of school life. 【答案】not only sparked my creativity but also 【详解】表示“不仅……也……”应用固定搭配not only...but also...；表示“激发”应用spark，结合offered可知，使用一般过去时；表示“我的创造力”应用my creativity。 III、【单句语法过关】 1．He (frequent) visits his grandparents who live in the countryside. 【答案】frequently 【详解】句意：他经常去看望住在乡下的祖父母。 空格后是动词visits，修饰动词要使用副词，所给词frequent的副词形式为frequently“经常”。 2．If I were you, I (seize) every chance to improve my English skills. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would seize 【详解】句意：如果我是你，我会抓住每一次机会提升英语能力。根据从句If I were you可知，表示与现在事实相反，主句谓语用would seize。 3．You are always making noises! Why must you be so tiresome when the latest sports news (broadcast) on the radio? (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is being broadcast 【详解】句意：你总是发出噪音！为什么每次广播最新体育新闻时，你却如此令人厌烦？此处为谓语动词，根据“You are always making noises!”可知，此处表示现在动作正在进行，使用现在进行时态，sports news与broadcast之间为被动关系，所以此处用现在进行时的被动语态，主语news是不可数名词，所以谓语动词为is being broadcast。 4．Teachers need to be (sense) to the development level of each student so as to help them better. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】sensitive 【详解】句意：教师需要对每个学生的发展水平保持敏感，才能更好地帮助他们。根据句意可知，此处意为“对……敏感”，故应用形容词“sensitive敏感的”在句中作表语。 5．The government has imposed a new (restrict) on industrial emissions, aiming to restore the blue sky for future generations. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】restriction 【详解】句意：政府对工业排放出台了一项新限制，旨在为后代重现蓝天。空处作动词has imposed的谓语，提示词的名词形式restriction“限制，约束”符合，冠词a提示用其单数形式。 6．Her poem themed her deep love for children (submit) to the national poetry contest before the deadline last month. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was submitted 【详解】句意：她的这首以对孩子们的深厚感情为主题的诗，是在上个月的截止日期前提交参加全国诗歌比赛的。主语poem与submit构成被动关系，结合后文last month可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。 7．Usually, better outcomes are achieved through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk (tolerate). （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】tolerance 【详解】句意：通常，通过深入理解风险承受力等策略，可以获得更好的结果。此处risk为定语，需用名词作介词like的宾语，tolerate的名词形式是tolerance，risk tolerance为固定搭配，意为 “风险承受力”。 8．His great (enthusiastic) for environmental protection inspired many classmates to join the school’s recycling program. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】enthusiasm 【详解】句意：他对环境保护极大的热情激励了许多同学加入学校的回收项目。great是形容词，要修饰名词，要将形容词enthusiastic变成名词enthusiasm；该名词表示“热情”，是不可数名词，无单复数变化。 9．My father’s life work was devoted to the (conserve) of the Longleat estate. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】conservation 【详解】句意：我父亲毕生致力于朗利特庄园的保护工作。空处作介词to的宾语，且被the修饰，提示词的名词形式conservation“保护”符合题意，不可数。 10．According to official research and historical records, the disease (origin) in Africa in the late 19th century. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】originated 【详解】句意：据官方研究与史料记载，这种疾病于19 世纪末起源于非洲。空处作谓语，根据时间状语“ in the late 19th century”可知，使用一般过去时。 IV、【语法填空能力提升】 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The multifunctionality of bamboo is recognized in China, where the giant woody grass has been widely employed since the 11th century BC． 1 (bless) with a wealth of bamboo forests, China is the world’s largest producer of bamboo products and this resource, comparable in scale and economic impact to 2 of Ireland, secures its dominant position in the global market. Evolving into an eco-friendly replacement, bamboo 3 (prize) for its superior green nature. Its edge lies not only in toughness and strength but in rapid growth and renewability. As opposed 4 trees (such as oak or teak), which can take over a decade to mature, it reaches a harvest-ready stage in just four to six years, thus 5 (permit) repeated harvests without replanting. In Anji, 6 unique county in northwestern Zhejiang Province, bamboo has replaced plastic in various products. With 666 square kilometers of bamboo forests covering an area about 80 percent of the size of New York City and a long-standing history of bamboo use, Anji serves as a model in advancing bamboo as an alternative to plastic. On the farm, bamboo-based film (薄膜) replaces plastic film in the 7 (preserve) of heat and water. The industrial development of bamboo benefits local communities as well, 8 revives rural areas through bamboo harvesting. Scenes of harmony between humankind and nature are emerging in Anji, where bamboo-driven development is promoted 9 (cultivate) dialogues with nature and champion a greener future. Transformation, innovation, collaboration, and 10 (sustainable) grown natural treasures all form part of humanity’s shared heritage. 【答案】 1．Blessed 2．that 3．is prized 4．to 5．permitting 6．a 7．preservation 8．which 9．to cultivate 10．sustainably 【导语】本文介绍了竹子在中国的广泛应用，包括中国竹林资源优势、竹子环保易再生的特性，以安吉县为例说明竹制品替代塑料的实践，展现竹产业带动乡村发展、实现人与自然可持续共生。 【详解】1．考查非谓语动词。句意：坐拥大片竹林，中国是全球最大竹制品生产国，这份资源规模与经济影响力堪比爱尔兰产业资源，巩固了其全球市场主导地位。根据固定搭配“be blessed with (拥有)”可知，此处是过去分词Blessed，作状语。 2．考查代词。句意：同上。此处指代前文的this resource，用that。 3．考查动词时态语态。句意：竹子逐步发展为环保替代材料，因其出众的绿色属性备受推崇。bamboo与prize是动宾关系，句子陈述客观事实，此处是一般现在时的被动语态is prized。 4．考查介词。句意：不同于橡树、柚木这类需要十多年成材的树木，竹子仅需四到六年便可采伐，因此无需重新种植就能反复收割。as opposed to是固定短语，意为“与……相反”，此处是to。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。逗号前句子主谓宾完整，thus后接现在分词permitting，表示自然而然的结果。 6．考查冠词。句意：在浙江西北部一座独特县城安吉，各类产品中塑料已被竹子取代。county是可数名词单数，此处泛指一座县城，unique以辅音音素开头，此处是不定冠词a。 7．考查名词。句意：农场里，竹制薄膜替代塑料薄膜用于保温保水。根据“in the ____ of”可知，此处是名词preservation作宾语，意为“保存”。 8．考查定语从句。句意：竹子产业发展同样惠及当地居民，通过竹子种植采收振兴乡村。此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词industrial development(指物)，从句缺主语，此处是关系代词which。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：安吉处处可见人与自然和谐共生景象，当地推行竹经济发展，以此培育人与自然的对话、倡导绿色未来。此处表示推行该发展模式的目的，用动词不定式to cultivate作目的状语。 10．考查副词。句意：转型、创新、协作，加上可持续培育的天然宝藏，共同构成人类共有的财富。此处修饰形容词grown，用副词sustainably作状语，意为“可持续地”。 V、【阅读能力提升 Scientists have long linked the Permian-Triassic mass extinction some 252 million years ago to vast volcanic eruptions in what is now Siberia. The resulting CO2 emissions rapidly sped up climate warming, contributing to the collapse of ecosystems. But climate warming alone cannot explain this extinction because when the tropics become too hot, species migrate to the cooler and higher latitudes (纬度). So, what wiped out almost all life on land, including plants and usually tough insects, has remained a source of mystery. One new study, published in the journal Science and co-led by the University of Bristol and China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), has shed new light. Huge ocean warming El Nino events were the key, with global conditions swinging wildly over decades. The scale of Permian-Triassic warming was revealed by studying oxygen isotopes (同位素) in the fossilized tooth material of tiny extinct swimming organisms called conodonts (牙形虫). By studying the temperature record of conodonts from around the world, the researchers were able to show remarkable temperature instability, especially in the low and mid latitudes. Dr. Farnsworth, who used pioneering climate modeling to evaluate the findings, said, “The changes responsible for the climate patterns were profound because there were much more intense and prolonged El Nino events than witnessed today. Species were simply not equipped to adapt or evolve quickly enough.” The results of the climate modeling also help explain the abundant charcoal (木炭) found in rock layers of that age. “Wildfires became very common in a drought-prone climate. Earth got stuck in a crisis state where the land was burning and the oceans were lifeless. There was nowhere to hide,” he added. In recent years El Nino events have caused major changes. 2023-2024 was one of the hottest years on record globally due to a strong El Nino in the Pacific, which was further worsened by increased human-induced CO2, driving catastrophic droughts and fires around the world. Fortunately, events like this so far have only lasted one to two years at a time. 1．What can we know about the former volcanic-warming theory? A．It is not fully reasonable. B．It is totally groundless. C．It is put forward recently. D．It is widely challenged. 2．How did researchers learn ancient unstable global temperature? A．By using old climate models. B．By comparing latitudes temperatures. C．By observing ocean conditions. D．By examining related ancient fossils. 3．What happened some 252 million years ago according to the researchers? ①Species adapted fast to changes.    ②Lots of charcoal came into being. ③Wildfires broke out frequently.    ④The whole earth suffered severe damage. A．①② B．③④ C．②③④ D．①②③ 4．What is implied in the last paragraph? A．Seeing is believing. B．The cloud has a silver lining. C．Every day is a leaf in history. D．Actions speak louder than words. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了传统火山致暖理论无法完整解释二叠纪大灭绝，新研究指出剧烈持久的厄尔尼诺引发气温剧变是主因，极端气候造成野火泛滥、生态全面崩溃，文末对比现代厄尔尼诺点明其持续时间较短。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Scientists have long linked the Permian-Triassic mass extinction some 252 million years ago to vast volcanic eruptions in what is now Siberia.(长期以来，科学家一直认为约2.52亿年前发生的二叠纪-三叠纪大灭绝事件，与如今西伯利亚地区曾出现的大规模火山喷发存在关联。)”可知，火山致暖理论由来已久、有一定科学依据；再根据该段后面的句子“But climate warming alone cannot explain this extinction because when the tropics become too hot, species migrate to the cooler and higher latitudes (纬度). So, what wiped out almost all life on land, including plants and usually tough insects, has remained a source of mystery.(但仅靠气候变暖无法解释此次灭绝事件，因为当热带地区温度过高时，物种会迁徙至温度更低的高纬度区域。因此，究竟是什么摧毁了陆地上几乎所有生物，包括各类植物以及生命力向来顽强的昆虫，至今仍是未解之谜。)”可知，该理论无法单独解释全部现象。综合可推断，之前的火山变暖理论有一定道理，但并不完全合理。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The scale of Permian-Triassic warming was revealed by studying oxygen isotopes in the fossilized tooth material of tiny extinct swimming organisms called conodonts.(通过研究一种名为牙形虫的已灭绝微型水生游泳生物牙齿化石中的氧同位素，科学家揭示了二叠纪-三叠纪时期变暖的规模。)”可知，研究人员通过检查牙形虫化石来了解古代温度变化。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The results of the climate modeling also help explain the abundant charcoal found in rock layers of that age.(气候建模的结果也有助于解释那个时代岩层中发现的大量木炭。)”可知，②表示“大量木炭生成了。”，是正确的；根据第五段中的“Wildfires became very common in a drought-prone climate.(在干旱易发的气候中，野火变得非常常见。)”可知，③表示“野火频繁爆发。”，是正确的；根据第五段中的“Earth got stuck in a crisis state where the land was burning and the oceans were lifeless. There was nowhere to hide.(地球陷入了危机境地，陆地处处燃起烈火，海洋毫无生机，生物无处可藏。)”可知，④表示“整个地球遭受了严重破坏。”，是正确的。 4．推理判断题。依据最后一段中的“2023-2024 was one of the hottest years on record globally due to a strong El Nino in the Pacific, which was further worsened by increased human-induced CO₂, driving catastrophic droughts and fires around the world. Fortunately, events like this so far have only lasted one to two years at a time.(2023 至 2024 年是全球有记录以来最热的年份之一，成因是太平洋出现强厄尔尼诺现象，再加上人为排放的二氧化碳不断增多，进一步加剧了升温，致使全球多地遭遇特大干旱与火灾灾害。所幸这类气候现象目前单次只会持续一到两年。)”可知，虽然2023至2024年的强厄尔尼诺造成了灾难性的干旱和火灾，但好在持续时间较短。由此可推断，坏事中也有值得庆幸的一面，选项B表示“黑暗中总有一线光明”，与推断相吻合。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $