Unit 1 The Changing World 现在完成时与一般过去时（核心语法精练）英语新教材人教版九年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦现在完成时与一般过去时的语法专项，通过知识回顾-考点夯基-综合提升三阶体系，系统构建时态辨析方法与应用逻辑，助力语言能力与思维品质提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识回顾|时态对比表+动词转换表|提炼"侧重点差异（现在影响vs过去时间）"和"时间状语区分（for/since vs yesterday/ago）"核心方法|从时态概念（定义、标志词）到动词变形规则，再到延续性转换，形成"概念-规则-应用"逻辑链| |考点夯基|填空/单选/句型转换（共50+题）|针对时态混用设题，强化"语境标志词定位法"和"动词延续性判断"技巧|通过基础题型巩固时态结构，聚焦高频易错点（如非延续性动词与时间段连用）| |综合提升|语法选择+短文填空（2篇语篇）|语篇中考查时态呼应，培养"上下文时态逻辑分析"能力|从单句辨析过渡到语篇应用，实现知识迁移与综合思维训练|

Unit 1 The Changing World 核心语法精练 现在完成时与一般过去时 目录 二、考点夯基 3 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 3 二、单项选择 4 三、完成句子 7 四、句型转换 8 一、语法选择 9 二、短文填空 11 现在完成时与一般过去时 现在完成时 时态 现在完成时 用法 强调过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，不强调动作发生的具体时间；也表示某一动作或状态从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，而且还有可能持续下去 标志词 （句） already， just， yet， ever， before， so far， up to now， until now， in the past ten years， “for＋时间段”， “since＋过去时间点/从句”等 谓语形式 have/has＋过去分词 动词变形规则 动词变过去分词的规则同变动词过去式的规则，动词不规则变化见下表 例句 I have finished my homework. I’ve been at this school for over two years. 【拓展】延续性动词与非延续性动词 非延续性动词 延续性动词 非延续性动词 延续性动词 become be buy have leave be away borrow（听力常考） keep（听力常考） begin/start be on finish be over marry be married join be in fall ill be ill die be dead 　　现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在，与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词，非延续性动词不可与一段时间连用。如： 我离开北京已经五年了。 误： I’ve left Beijing for five years. 正： I’ve been away from Beijing for five years. 一般过去时 时态 一般过去时 用法 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作 标志词 yesterday， last night， two days ago， just now， in 2010， the other day等 谓语 形式 ①be 动词的过去式（was， were） ②动词的过去式 动词 变形 规则 动词变过去式规则： ①一般情况下，在词尾加-ed： cook→cooked ②以不发音的e 结尾的动词，在词尾加-d： live－lived ③以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed： plan－planned ④以“辅音字母＋y” 结尾的动词，先变y 为 i，再加-ed： carry－carried △不规则变化见（下表） 例句 He was a student in 2010. Jack played tennis last night. 动词不规则变化 原形 过去式 过去分词 意义 bring brought brought 带来 build built built 建造 buy bought bought 买 catch caught caught 捉；抓 deal dealt dealt 处理 dig dug dug 挖 feed fed fed 喂 feel felt felt 感到 fight fought fought 打架 find found found 发现 have had had 有 hear heard heard 听见 hold held held 举办 keep kept kept 保持 lay laid laid 放 lead led led 领导 leave left left 离开 lend lent lent 借 lose lost lost 丢失 make made made 制造 mean meant meant 意味着 meet met met 遇见 pay paid paid 支付 say said said 说 sell sold sold 卖 send sent sent 送；寄 shine shone shone 照耀 sit sat sat 坐 sleep slept slept 睡觉 spend spent spent 花费 stand stood stood 站立 stick stuck stuck 粘住；刺入 sweep swept swept 打扫 teach taught taught 教 tell told told 告诉 think thought thought 认为 understand understood understood 理解 win won won 获胜；赢得 blow blew blown 吹 fly flew flown 飞 grow grew grown 生长 know knew known 知道 throw threw thrown 扔 begin began begun 开始 drink drank drunk 喝 ring rang rung 打电话 sing sang sung 唱歌 swim swam swum 游泳 break broke broken 打破 choose chose chosen 选择 forget forgot forgotten 忘记 speak spoke spoken 说 steal stole stolen 偷窃 wake woke woken 醒来 draw drew drawn 画 drive drove driven 开车 eat ate eaten 吃 fall fell fallen 落下 give gave given 给 hide hid hidden 躲藏 ride rode ridden 骑 rise rose risen 升起 see saw seen 看见 shake shook shaken 摇动 show showed shown 表明 take took taken 拿 write wrote written 写 be（am/is /are） was/ were been 是 do（does） did done 做 go went gone 去 wear wore worn 穿 burn burnt burnt 燃烧 burned burned dream dreamt dreamt 做梦 dreamed dreamed hang hung hung 悬挂 hanged hanged （被）绞死 learn learnt learnt 学习 learned learned lie lied lied 说谎 lay lain 躺；平放 smell smelt smelt 闻 smelled smelled drop dropped dropping 落下；掉下 fit fitted fitting 适合；合身 hug hugged hugging 拥抱 plan planned planning 打算；计划 prefer preferred preferring 更喜欢 regret regretted regretting 感到遗憾 stop stopped stopping 停止 一般过去时与现在完成时区别 ①侧重点不同 现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如： I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容） I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影） Mr Green has bought a new computer. 格林先生买了一台新电脑。（着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑） Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday. 格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。（强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天） ②时间状语不同 现在完成时常与already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副词以及＂for+段时间＂，＂since+过去时间/从句＂等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与＂时间段+ago＂，just now，yesterday，last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。如： She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。 She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。 He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。 Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．They ________ (not see) each other for ages. 2．We used to ________ (travel) far to see a doctor when we were young. 3．He ________ (become) a good friend of my grandfather about 20 years ago. 4．More young people __________ (come) back to the village in recent years. 5．They __________ (live) in a small flat before, but now they have a big house. 6．I ________ (read) some digital books on the computer yesterday. 7．The businessman __________ (make) many deals since he moved here. 8．My grandfather __________ (work) on a farm when he was young. 9．They __________ (be) to the new library twice. 10．The new highway ________ (help) a lot in the last few years. 11．We used to __________ (have) no supermarket here. 12．Traveling to the city __________ (become) much faster now. 13．The government __________ (plant) many bushes since 2015. 14．I __________ (not see) my old friend for ages. 15．The villagers __________ (build) a new school last year. 二、单项选择。 1．—How long have you learned English? —________ three years ago. A．For B．Since C．In D．After 2．—Have you ________ been to a big city alone? —Never. I always go with my parents. A．ever B．never C．just D．yet 3．They ________ to the supermarket yet. A．didn’t go B．haven’t been C．don’t go D．won’t go 4．Food transport ________ much easier because of the new railway. A．becomes B．became C．has become D．will become 5．—Have you seen the movie? —Yes, I ________ it last week. A．see B．saw C．have seen D．will see 6．The government ________ thousands of trees since 2018. A．plants B．planted C．has planted D．will plant 7．When I was a child, I ________ to school on foot. A．go B．goes C．used to go D．was going 8．They ________ a new hospital in our town last year. A．build B．built C．have built D．will build 9．My grandma ________ with us since last year. A．lives B．lived C．has lived D．is living 10．In the last ten years, many young people ________ back to the village. A．come B．came C．have come D．will come 11．There ________ a lot of sandstorms here before. A．used to be B．used to have C．was used to be D．were used to have 12．—________ you ________ the new library yet?—Not yet. A．Did; visit B．Have; visited C．Do; visit D．Will; visit 13．The roads used to be narrow, but now they ________. A．are widening B．have widened C．were widened D．widen 14．My hometown ________ a lot since 2015. A．changed B．changes C．has changed D．will change 15．They ________ each other for nearly ten years. A．didn’t see B．haven’t seen C．don’t see D．won’t see 三、完成句子。 1．我的生活自从小学以来已经发生了很多变化。 My life has ________ a lot ________ I was in primary school. 2．该地区曾经有严重的沙尘暴。 The area used to ________ serious ________. 3．在过去十年里，很多年轻人回来了。 Many young people ________ ________ back in the last ten years. 4．我们镇已经建了一座新图书馆。 Our town ________ ________ a new library. 5．他们曾经不得不走很远去看病。 They ________ ________ ________ ________ travel far to see a doctor. 6．我爷爷和他的朋友已经二十年没见了。 My grandpa and his friend ________ ________ each other for twenty years. 7．过去我们村没有医院。 Our village ________ ________ a hospital in the past. 8．科技的发展给我们的日常生活带来了巨大的变化。 The development of science and technology ________ ________ ________ great changes in our daily life. 9．我以前和父母一起步行上学。   I ________ ________ walk to school with my parents. 10．过去几年里，镇上发生了许多变化。 Many changes _________ _________ _________ in the town over the last few years. 4、 句型转换。 1．I have seen the movie twice.（对画线部分提问） ________ ________ you ________ twice? 2．I have lived here since 2016.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ ________ you ________ here? 3．Jane, long time no see. (改为同义句) Jane, I haven’t ________ you ________ a long time. 4．I bought a house in 2005. (改为同义句) I ________ ________ a house since 2005. 5．My hometown has changed a lot. (改为同义句) Great changes _________________________________________________________ 6．I have already taught him some English.（改为否定句） I ________ taught him ________ English ________. 7．You used to walk to school. 一般疑问句：_________________________________________________ 肯定回答：_________________ 否定回答：_________________ 8．Did she watch the movie yesterday evening? (用ever改写句子) ________ she ________ ________ the movie? 9．People used to walk to the town. 一般疑问句：___________________________________________________________ 肯定回答：_____________________ 否定回答：_____________________ 10．The village has changed a lot over the last 20 years. 一般疑问句：_________________________________________________ 肯定回答：_________________ 否定回答：_________________ 一、语法选择 根据短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 My hometown is a small town in the northwest of China. It was poor and dirty ten years ago, but it 1 a lot over these years. In 2 past, there were only several low buildings in the town. The roads were narrow and dirty. People usually went to work on foot or by bike. They didn’t realize 3 something wrong. But 4 several factories polluted the environment. The rivers were very dirty and gave off terrible smells. But now, the town has taken on a new look. You can see many skyscrapers (摩天大楼). The roads are wide and clean and both sides of the roads 5 with beautiful flowers and green grass. There are a lot of cars and taxis on 6 . Besides, a subway 7 in recent years to connect the town with the centre of our city. It is much 8 for people to travel. The government has closed the factories, so the rivers are clearer. Fish swim there freely again. The sky is bluer, too. People also have more ways to have fun, such as going to the new parks or shopping centres. What’s more, a large square was built three years ago. People often gather there to dance and hold different kinds of activities. There are also new libraries to encourage people to read. 9 life has been improved so much! I am so excited 10 these changes. I love my hometown more deeply now and am full of hope for its brighter future. 1．A．changes B．have changed C．has changed D．changed 2．A．the B．a C．an D．/ 3．A．how was there B．how there was C．that was there D．that there was 4．A．late B．later C．latest D．lately 5．A．cover B．is covered C．are covered D．were covered 6．A．them B．they C．their D．themselves 7．A．is built B．has built C．has been built D．have been built 8．A．easy B．easier C．easiest D．easily 9．A．Villager B．Villagers C．Villager’s D．Villagers’ 10．A．see B．to see C．take D．to take 二、语法填空 （一） 根据短文内容，在横线上填上适当单词，使短文完整、通顺；给出单词的空格不限一词，没有给出单词的空格限一词 The Changes in Our Town  I still remember what our town looked like ten years ago. The roads 1 (be) narrow and often dirty. Most families 2 (not have) their own cars, so people rode bicycles or walked. There wasn’t a big supermarket in our town centre.     However, our lives 3 (change) a lot in the past ten years. Workers have built several wide and clean roads. A large supermarket 4 (open) near my home two years ago. Therefore, shopping has become more convenient.     The environment 5 (improve) a lot. There are many trees and flowers on the roadside. The air is fresher now. My family 6 (buy) a car three years ago. We have travelled to many interesting places since then. 7 you 8 (enjoy) your first trip by car? 9 you ever 10 (visit) the new science museum? I have. It’s great!     Looking at these changes, I feel hopeful. I believe our town will get better in the future. （二） My hometown is a small but beautiful town. I 1 (leave) my hometown ten years ago. Now, when I come back, I find that it 2 (change) a lot. The roads used 3 (be) narrow and crowded. The houses were old and small. There was a paper factory near our school. It often 4 (put) the waste into the river. Water pollution was also a big problem. Since 2000, our living conditions 5 (improve) a lot. Most of us 6 (move) into big beautiful houses. People used to listen to the radio for news and weather information. But now they can 7 (receive) them on TV or online. I believe that people’s life will get better and better in the future. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 The Changing World 核心语法精练 现在完成时与一般过去时 目录 二、考点夯基 3 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 3 二、单项选择 4 三、完成句子 7 四、句型转换 8 一、语法选择 9 二、短文填空 11 现在完成时与一般过去时 现在完成时 时态 现在完成时 用法 强调过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，不强调动作发生的具体时间；也表示某一动作或状态从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，而且还有可能持续下去 标志词 （句） already， just， yet， ever， before， so far， up to now， until now， in the past ten years， “for＋时间段”， “since＋过去时间点/从句”等 谓语形式 have/has＋过去分词 动词变形规则 动词变过去分词的规则同变动词过去式的规则，动词不规则变化见下表 例句 I have finished my homework. I’ve been at this school for over two years. 【拓展】延续性动词与非延续性动词 非延续性动词 延续性动词 非延续性动词 延续性动词 become be buy have leave be away borrow（听力常考） keep（听力常考） begin/start be on finish be over marry be married join be in fall ill be ill die be dead 　　现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在，与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词，非延续性动词不可与一段时间连用。如： 我离开北京已经五年了。 误： I’ve left Beijing for five years. 正： I’ve been away from Beijing for five years. 一般过去时 时态 一般过去时 用法 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作 标志词 yesterday， last night， two days ago， just now， in 2010， the other day等 谓语 形式 ①be 动词的过去式（was， were） ②动词的过去式 动词 变形 规则 动词变过去式规则： ①一般情况下，在词尾加-ed： cook→cooked ②以不发音的e 结尾的动词，在词尾加-d： live－lived ③以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed： plan－planned ④以“辅音字母＋y” 结尾的动词，先变y 为 i，再加-ed： carry－carried △不规则变化见（下表） 例句 He was a student in 2010. Jack played tennis last night. 动词不规则变化 原形 过去式 过去分词 意义 bring brought brought 带来 build built built 建造 buy bought bought 买 catch caught caught 捉；抓 deal dealt dealt 处理 dig dug dug 挖 feed fed fed 喂 feel felt felt 感到 fight fought fought 打架 find found found 发现 have had had 有 hear heard heard 听见 hold held held 举办 keep kept kept 保持 lay laid laid 放 lead led led 领导 leave left left 离开 lend lent lent 借 lose lost lost 丢失 make made made 制造 mean meant meant 意味着 meet met met 遇见 pay paid paid 支付 say said said 说 sell sold sold 卖 send sent sent 送；寄 shine shone shone 照耀 sit sat sat 坐 sleep slept slept 睡觉 spend spent spent 花费 stand stood stood 站立 stick stuck stuck 粘住；刺入 sweep swept swept 打扫 teach taught taught 教 tell told told 告诉 think thought thought 认为 understand understood understood 理解 win won won 获胜；赢得 blow blew blown 吹 fly flew flown 飞 grow grew grown 生长 know knew known 知道 throw threw thrown 扔 begin began begun 开始 drink drank drunk 喝 ring rang rung 打电话 sing sang sung 唱歌 swim swam swum 游泳 break broke broken 打破 choose chose chosen 选择 forget forgot forgotten 忘记 speak spoke spoken 说 steal stole stolen 偷窃 wake woke woken 醒来 draw drew drawn 画 drive drove driven 开车 eat ate eaten 吃 fall fell fallen 落下 give gave given 给 hide hid hidden 躲藏 ride rode ridden 骑 rise rose risen 升起 see saw seen 看见 shake shook shaken 摇动 show showed shown 表明 take took taken 拿 write wrote written 写 be（am/is /are） was/ were been 是 do（does） did done 做 go went gone 去 wear wore worn 穿 burn burnt burnt 燃烧 burned burned dream dreamt dreamt 做梦 dreamed dreamed hang hung hung 悬挂 hanged hanged （被）绞死 learn learnt learnt 学习 learned learned lie lied lied 说谎 lay lain 躺；平放 smell smelt smelt 闻 smelled smelled drop dropped dropping 落下；掉下 fit fitted fitting 适合；合身 hug hugged hugging 拥抱 plan planned planning 打算；计划 prefer preferred preferring 更喜欢 regret regretted regretting 感到遗憾 stop stopped stopping 停止 一般过去时与现在完成时区别 ①侧重点不同 现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如： I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容） I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影） Mr Green has bought a new computer. 格林先生买了一台新电脑。（着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑） Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday. 格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。（强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天） ②时间状语不同 现在完成时常与already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副词以及＂for+段时间＂，＂since+过去时间/从句＂等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与＂时间段+ago＂，just now，yesterday，last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。如： She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。 She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。 He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。 Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．They ________ (not see) each other for ages. 【答案】haven’t seen 【详解】句意：他们已经很多年没有见面了。句中出现了时间标志词 for ages，这个标志词通常和现在完成时搭配使用；现在完成时的否定形式结构为have/has+not+动词的过去分词；主语是They，属于复数人称，所以助动词用have，动词see的过去分词是seen。 2．We used to ________ (travel) far to see a doctor when we were young. 【答案】travel 【详解】句意：我们年轻时常常要走很远的路去看医生。句中“used to”为固定结构，表示“过去常常”，其后接动词原形。故填travel。 3．He ________ (become) a good friend of my grandfather about 20 years ago. 【答案】became 【详解】句意：他大约在20年前成为了我祖父的一位好朋友。句中缺少谓语动词。根据“about 20 years ago”可知，时态应用一般过去时。become的过去式是became。 4．More young people __________ (come) back to the village in recent years. 【答案】have come 【详解】句意：近些年有更多年轻人回到了这个村庄。时间标志词in recent years （在最近几年里）是现在完成时的典型提示词，该时态结构为“have/has+动词过去分词”；主语 More young people 是复数，助动词选用have，come的过去分词形式仍为come。 5．They __________ (live) in a small flat before, but now they have a big house. 【答案】lived 【详解】句意：他们以前住在一间小公寓里，但现在他们有一所大房子。句中“before”为过去的时间状语，提示动作“live”发生在过去，应用一般过去时。动词“live”的过去式为规则变化，直接加“-d”，故填lived。 6．I ________ (read) some digital books on the computer yesterday. 【答案】read 【详解】句意：我昨天在电脑上读了一些电子书。所给动词为read“阅读”，时间状语yesterday表示过去，应用一般过去时，read的过去式仍为read。 7．The businessman __________ (make) many deals since he moved here. 【答案】has made 【详解】句意：自从搬来这里，这位商人做了很多交易。根据“since”，可知主句是现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”；主语The businessman是单数，谓语动词用has，make的过去分词是made。 8．My grandfather __________ (work) on a farm when he was young. 【答案】worked 【详解】句意：年轻时，我爷爷在农场工作。根据“when he was young”，可知句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式worked。 9．They __________ (be) to the new library twice. 【答案】have been 【详解】句意：他们去过这座新图书馆两次。twice“两次”表示去过某地的经历，用现在完成时，结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语They是复数，助动词用have，be的过去分词为been。故填have been。 10．The new highway ________ (help) a lot in the last few years. 【答案】has helped 【详解】句意：这条新公路在过去几年里带来了很大的帮助。时间状语“in the last few years”是现在完成时的典型标志，现在完成时结构为“have/has+动词过去分词”。主语“The new highway”是第三人称单数，助动词用has，动词help的过去分词是helped，因此填has helped。 11．We used to __________ (have) no supermarket here. 【答案】have 【详解】句意：我们这里以前没有超市。固定搭配used to do sth，该结构意为“过去曾经/过去常常做某事”，其中的to是动词不定式符号，后面需要接动词原形。 12．Traveling to the city __________ (become) much faster now. 【答案】has become 【详解】句意：现在去这座城市旅行已经变得快多了。时间状语“now”表示当前状态，根据句意可知强调“从过去到现在的变化”，常用现在完成时。主语“Traveling to the city”为动名词短语，视为第三人称单数，助动词用“has”。故填has become。 13．The government __________ (plant) many bushes since 2015. 【答案】has planted 【详解】句意：自2015年以来，政府种植了许多灌木。根据“since 2015”可知，此句用现在完成时，主语是单数，助动词用has，后跟动词过去分词planted。 14．I __________ (not see) my old friend for ages. 【答案】haven’t seen 【详解】句意：我好多年没见到我的老朋友了。根据时间状语“for ages”可知，此处表示从过去持续到现在的动作，应使用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”。主语为“I”，助动词用“have”，否定式为“haven’t”，动词“see”的过去分词为“seen”。故填haven’t seen。 15．The villagers __________ (build) a new school last year. 【答案】built 【详解】句意：村民们去年建了一所新学校。时间状语“last year”表示过去的时间，谓语动词需用一般过去时。“build”的过去式为built。故填built。 二、单项选择。 1．—How long have you learned English? —________ three years ago. A．For B．Since C．In D．After 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你学英语多久了？——自从三年前。For持续（后接时间段）；Since自从（后接时间点）；In在……内（后接时间段）；After在……之后（后接时间点）。根据问句“How long have you learned English?”可知时态为现在完成时，答语中“three years ago”是过去的时间点，现在完成时中表示动作从过去某点开始持续到现在需用Since搭配时间点，而For 后接时间段。 2．—Have you ________ been to a big city alone? —Never. I always go with my parents. A．ever B．never C．just D．yet 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你曾经独自去过大城市吗？——从来没有。我总是和父母一起去。   ever曾经；never从不；just刚刚；yet已经（用于否定句或疑问句）。根据答语“Never. I always go with my parents.”可知，问句是在询问“是否曾经有过独自去大城市的经历”，应用ever表示“曾经”，用于现在完成时的一般疑问句。yet虽也可用于疑问句，但多表示“已经”，侧重动作是否完成，不符合问“经历”的语境。 3．They ________ to the supermarket yet. A．didn’t go B．haven’t been C．don’t go D．won’t go 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他们还没去过超市。“yet”是现在完成时否定句或疑问句的标志词，结构为“have/has（+not）+过去分词”。主语they搭配 have，be的过去分词为been；应填haven’t been。 4．Food transport ________ much easier because of the new railway. A．becomes B．became C．has become D．will become 【答案】C 【详解】句意：因为新铁路，食物运输已经变得容易多了。根据“because of the new railway”可知，新铁路已经建成并对现在产生影响，强调过去的动作对现在造成的结果，应用现在完成时。应填has become。 5．—Have you seen the movie? —Yes, I ________ it last week. A．see B．saw C．have seen D．will see 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你看过这部电影吗？——是的，我上周看了它。根据答语中的时间状语“last week”可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，应填saw。 6．The government ________ thousands of trees since 2018. A．plants B．planted C．has planted D．will plant 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自2018年以来，政府已经种植了数千棵树。根据句中时间状语“since 2018”可知，表示动作从过去某个时间点开始一直持续到现在，或对现在造成影响，句子应用现在完成时（have/has+过去分词）。应填has planted。 7．When I was a child, I ________ to school on foot. A．go B．goes C．used to go D．was going 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我还是个孩子的时候，我过去常常步行去上学。go去；goes去（第三人称单数）；used to go过去常常去；was going过去正在去。根据“When I was a child”可知是过去的事情，且去上学是过去常常发生的习惯性动作，暗含现在不这样了，应填used to go。 8．They ________ a new hospital in our town last year. A．build B．built C．have built D．will build 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他们去年在我们镇建了一家新医院。根据时间状语“last year”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的动作，时态应用一般过去时，谓语动词需用过去式。故选B。 9．My grandma ________ with us since last year. A．lives B．lived C．has lived D．is living 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我奶奶自从去年以来就一直和我们住在一起。根据时间状语“since last year”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，时态应用现在完成时，主语My grandma是第三人称单数，助动词用has。C选项符合语境。 10．In the last ten years, many young people ________ back to the village. A．come B．came C．have come D．will come 【答案】C 【详解】句意：‌在过去的十年里，许多年轻人回到了乡村。根据时间状语“In the last ten years”可知，动作从过去发生持续到现在或对现在有影响，应用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”；主语“many young people”是复数名词，助动词用have。 11．There ________ a lot of sandstorms here before. A．used to be B．used to have C．was used to be D．were used to have 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这里以前经常有很多沙尘暴。used to be过去常常有；used to have过去拥有；was used to be被用来成为；were used to have被用来拥有。根据“There”可知本句为There be句型，表示“存在”，不能与have连用，排除B、D选项；时间状语“before”表明是过去的状态，A选项符合语境，C选项结构不对。 12．—________ you ________ the new library yet?—Not yet. A．Did; visit B．Have; visited C．Do; visit D．Will; visit 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你参观过这个新图书馆了吗？——还没有。 根据句末关键词“yet”以及答语“Not yet”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，其疑问句结构为：Have/Has+主语+过去分词。主语是you，助动词用Have，visit的过去分词是visited。 13．The roads used to be narrow, but now they ________. A．are widening B．have widened C．were widened D．widen 【答案】B 【详解】句意：道路过去很狭窄，但现在它们已经变宽了。根据“used to be”表示过去的状态，“but now”表示现在的结果，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时。应填have widened。 14．My hometown ________ a lot since 2015. A．changed B．changes C．has changed D．will change 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自从2015年以来，我的家乡已经变化很大。changed改变（过去式）；changes改变（一般现在时）；has changed已经改变（现在完成时）；will change将改变（一般将来时）。根据时间状语“since 2015”可知，句子强调动作从过去持续到现在，时态应用现在完成时。C选项符合语境。 15．They ________ each other for nearly ten years. A．didn’t see B．haven’t seen C．don’t see D．won’t see 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他们已经快十年没见过彼此了。for nearly ten years“长达近十年”表示从过去持续到现在的状态，必须用现在完成时，结构：have/has+过去分词。主语they为复数，助动词用have，否定形式haven’t，see的过去分词是seen。应填haven’t seen。 三、完成句子。 1．我的生活自从小学以来已经发生了很多变化。 My life has ________ a lot ________ I was in primary school. 【答案】 changed since 【详解】原句中“变化”和“自从……以来”是关键词，表示“变化”的动词是change，表示“自从”的连词是since。本句为现在完成时，has后接过去分词changed，since引导时间状语从句。故填changed；since。 2．该地区曾经有严重的沙尘暴。 The area used to ________ serious ________. 【答案】 have sandstorms 【详解】英汉对照，句中缺少关键词“有”和“沙尘暴”。第一空 中文“有”对应英文动词have，used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”，后接动词原形。所以填have。第二空中文“沙尘暴”对应英文是sandstorm，为可数名词。前面没有冠词修饰，应用复数形式sandstorms。 3．在过去十年里，很多年轻人回来了。 Many young people ________ ________ back in the last ten years. 【答案】 have come 【详解】原句中“回来了”是关键词，表示“回来”的短语是come back；根据“in the last ten years”，表示过去的动作对现在有影响（如今有很多年轻人在家乡），应用现在完成时。主语“Many young people”为复数，助动词用“have”，come的过去分词为come。 4．我们镇已经建了一座新图书馆。 Our town ________ ________ a new library. 【答案】 has built 【详解】原句中“已经建了”是关键词，表示“建造”用动词build，“已经”说明此句应该用现在完成时，主语是单数，助动词用has，后跟动词过去分词built。 5．他们曾经不得不走很远去看病。 They ________ ________ ________ ________ travel far to see a doctor. 【答案】 used to have to 【详解】原句中“曾经不得不”是关键词，表示“过去曾经不得不做某事”可用“used to have to do sth.”结构。“used to”表示“过去曾经”，“have to”表示“不得不”，后接动词原形“travel”。故填used；to；have；to。 6．我爷爷和他的朋友已经二十年没见了。 My grandpa and his friend ________ ________ each other for twenty years. 【答案】 haven’t seen 【详解】原句中“已经二十年没见了”是关键词，表示“从过去持续到现在的动作”且强调“没见”对现在的影响，应用现在完成时。主语“My grandpa and his friend”为复数，助动词用“have”，否定式为“haven’t”。“see”的过去分词为“seen”。故填haven’t；seen。 7．过去我们村没有医院。 Our village ________ ________ a hospital in the past. 【答案】 didn’t have 【详解】原句中“没有”是关键词，表示“有”的动词是have；句子为否定句，时间状语“in the past”提示句子应用一般过去时，应借助助动词did，其后加not，缩写为didn’t，后接动词原形have。 8．科技的发展给我们的日常生活带来了巨大的变化。 The development of science and technology ________ ________ ________ great changes in our daily life. 【答案】 has brought about 【详解】原句中“带来”是关键词，表示“引起，带来（变化等）”的固定短语是bring about。句子描述的是已经发生并对现在产生影响的动作，应用现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）。主语“The development”为第三人称单数，故助动词用has，bring的过去分词为brought。故填has；brought；about。 9．我以前和父母一起步行上学。   I ________ ________ walk to school with my parents. 【答案】 used to 【详解】原句中“以前”是关键词，这句话描述过去的习惯，应用一般过去时，“used to”表示“过去常常做某事”，符合语境。应填used；to。 10．过去几年里，镇上发生了许多变化。 Many changes _________ _________ _________ in the town over the last few years. 【答案】 have taken place 【详解】原句中关键词是“发生”，对应固定短语take place。over the last few years“过去几年里”是现在完成时提示词，结构为“主语+have/has+过去分词”；主语“many changes”是复数，用have；take的过去分词是taken。故填have；taken；place。 4、 句型转换。 1．I have seen the movie twice.（对画线部分提问） ________ ________ you ________ twice? 【答案】 What have seen 【详解】句意：我已经看过这部电影两次了。原句画线部分为宾语“the movie”，对物提问使用疑问词What。原句是现在完成时。变为特殊疑问句时，结构为“疑问词 + 一般疑问句”。将助动词have提至主语you之前。因为只对宾语“the movie”提问，原句的过去分词seen保持不变。故填What；have；seen。 2．I have lived here since 2016.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ ________ you ________ here? 【答案】 How long have lived 【详解】句意：我从2016年就住在这里了。划线部分为“since 2016”，是对一段时间提问，应用疑问词How long。原句中“I have lived here”描述的是从过去某一时间点持续到现在的状态，对应“how long…have you…lived here?”的现在完成时结构。“How long”用来询问做某事持续了多长时间，与现在完成时连用。故填How；long；have；lived。 3．Jane, long time no see. (改为同义句) Jane, I haven’t ________ you ________ a long time. 【答案】 seen for 【详解】句意：简，好久不见。其同义句表达为“简，我已经很久没见到你了”。同义句中含有助动词haven’t，表明句子时态为现在完成时，结构为：have/has+过去分词。 第一空应该用动词see的过去分词seen。第二空后“a long time”表示一段时间。在现在完成时中，接一段时间用介词for。故填seen；for。 4．I bought a house in 2005. (改为同义句) I ________ ________ a house since 2005. 【答案】 have had 【详解】句意：我在2005年买了一栋房子。改写后的时间状语是since 2005，表示动作从过去持续到现在，要用现在完成时，结构是“have/has+过去分词”，主语是I，助动词用have。原句的buy是瞬间动词，不能和表示一段时间的since短语连用，需要换成表示延续状态的动词have，have的过去分词是had，所以最终填have had。 5．My hometown has changed a lot. (改为同义句) Great changes _________________________________________________________ 【答案】have taken place in my hometown. 【详解】句意：我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。原句“My hometown has changed a lot.”意为“我的家乡变化很大”；短语take place表示“发生”，可用来替换change表达家乡产生变化的含义；主语Great changes是复数名词，原句时态为现在完成时，助动词用have，take的过去分词为taken；地点状语in my hometown对应原句的my hometown。 6．I have already taught him some English.（改为否定句） I ________ taught him ________ English ________. 【答案】 haven’t any yet 【详解】句意：我已经教了他一些英语。题干要求将原句改为否定句，原句为现在完成时，结构为“主语+have/has+过去分词”。变否定句时，直接在助动词have后加not，缩写为haven’t；肯定句中的some在否定句中需改为any；already用于肯定句，否定句中要替换为yet并放在句末。 7．You used to walk to school. 一般疑问句：_________________________________________________ 肯定回答：_________________ 否定回答：_________________ 【答案】 Did you use to walk to school? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t. 【详解】句意：你过去常常步行去上学。“used to+动词原形”表示“过去常常做某事”，其一般疑问句的构成需借助助动词did，将did置于句首，同时把used还原为动词原形use。回答时，需用did呼应疑问句中的助动词，主语根据问句的you转换为I。肯定回答结构为Yes, I did；否定回答结构为No, I didn’t. 8．Did she watch the movie yesterday evening? (用ever改写句子) ________ she ________ ________ the movie? 【答案】 Has ever watched 【详解】句意：她昨晚看电影了吗？题目要求用ever改写原句。ever是现在完成时标志词，用于疑问句中放在主语与过去分词之间；一般过去时需转换为现在完成时，主语“she”是第三人称单数，助动词用Has置于句首；原实义动词watch要变为过去分词watched；时间状语“yesterday evening”为一般过去时标志，改写后需删去，其余名词部分不变。 9．People used to walk to the town. 一般疑问句：___________________________________________________________ 肯定回答：_____________________ 否定回答：_____________________ 【答案】 Did people use to walk to the town? Yes, they did. No, they didn’t. 【详解】句意：人们过去常常步行去镇上。原句时态为一般过去时，used是实义动词；改为一般疑问句，应借助助动词did置于主语people前，其后接动词原形use，其他部分保持不变，且句首首字母要大写；以Did开头的一般疑问句，回答时，用代词they指代people，肯定回答为“Yes, they did.”，否定回答为“No, they didn’t.”。 10．The village has changed a lot over the last 20 years. 一般疑问句：_________________________________________________ 肯定回答：_________________ 否定回答：_________________ 【答案】 Has the village changed a lot over the last 20 years? Yes, it has. No, it hasn’t. 【详解】句意：这个村庄在过去20年里变化很大。原句时态为现在完成时，谓语结构是“has changed”，变一般疑问句时，将助动词has提前，其他部分保持不变。肯定回答结构为“Yes, 主语+has.”；否定回答结构为“No, 主语+hasn’t.”。主语“the village”回答时用人称代词it代替，肯定回答用Yes, it has.；否定回答用No, it hasn’t. 一、语法选择 根据短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 My hometown is a small town in the northwest of China. It was poor and dirty ten years ago, but it 1 a lot over these years. In 2 past, there were only several low buildings in the town. The roads were narrow and dirty. People usually went to work on foot or by bike. They didn’t realize 3 something wrong. But 4 several factories polluted the environment. The rivers were very dirty and gave off terrible smells. But now, the town has taken on a new look. You can see many skyscrapers (摩天大楼). The roads are wide and clean and both sides of the roads 5 with beautiful flowers and green grass. There are a lot of cars and taxis on 6 . Besides, a subway 7 in recent years to connect the town with the centre of our city. It is much 8 for people to travel. The government has closed the factories, so the rivers are clearer. Fish swim there freely again. The sky is bluer, too. People also have more ways to have fun, such as going to the new parks or shopping centres. What’s more, a large square was built three years ago. People often gather there to dance and hold different kinds of activities. There are also new libraries to encourage people to read. 9 life has been improved so much! I am so excited 10 these changes. I love my hometown more deeply now and am full of hope for its brighter future. 1．A．changes B．have changed C．has changed D．changed 2．A．the B．a C．an D．/ 3．A．how was there B．how there was C．that was there D．that there was 4．A．late B．later C．latest D．lately 5．A．cover B．is covered C．are covered D．were covered 6．A．them B．they C．their D．themselves 7．A．is built B．has built C．has been built D．have been built 8．A．easy B．easier C．easiest D．easily 9．A．Villager B．Villagers C．Villager’s D．Villagers’ 10．A．see B．to see C．take D．to take 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．B 【导语】本文描述了作者家乡十年来从贫穷落后到焕然一新的巨大变化。 【详解】1．句意：十年前它贫穷又肮脏，但这些年来它已经发生了很大的变化。 “over these years”与现在完成时连用，主语it三单，用has changed。 2．句意：在过去，镇上只有几栋低矮的建筑。 固定搭配“in the past”用定冠词the。a/an表泛指，零冠词不能与past构成此搭配。 3．句意：他们没有意识到那里有什么问题。 realize后接宾语从句用陈述语序，表示“存在”用there was，由that引导。how was there语序错误，how there was语义不符，that was there缺少there be结构。 4．句意：但后来几家工厂污染了环境。 “later”表示“后来”，符合时间顺序。late形容词，latest“最新的”，lately“最近”均不符合。 5．句意：道路宽阔而干净，道路两侧覆盖着美丽的花朵和绿草。 主语复数，被动，现在状态，用are covered。cover主动，is covered单数，were covered时态不对。 6．句意：路上有很多汽车和出租车。 指代roads作介词宾语用宾格them。they是人称代词主格，their物主代词，themselves反身代词。 7．句意此外，近几年这里修建了一条地铁，将这座城镇与我市市中心连通起来。 “in recent years”表明时态是现在完成时，主语与build为被动关系，用has been built。is built时态不对，has built主动，have been built主语不符。 8．句意：人们出行方便多了。 much后接比较级，用easier。easy原级，easiest最高级，easily副词。 9．句意：村民们的生活得到了极大的改善。 修饰life表示所属，用复数所有格Villagers’。Villager单数，Villagers非所有格，Villager’s单数所有格。 10．句意：看到这些变化我非常兴奋。 “excited to do”固定结构，用to see。see原形不能接在excited后，take/to take语义不符。 二、语法填空 （一） 根据短文内容，在横线上填上适当单词，使短文完整、通顺；给出单词的空格不限一词，没有给出单词的空格限一词 The Changes in Our Town  I still remember what our town looked like ten years ago. The roads 1 (be) narrow and often dirty. Most families 2 (not have) their own cars, so people rode bicycles or walked. There wasn’t a big supermarket in our town centre.     However, our lives 3 (change) a lot in the past ten years. Workers have built several wide and clean roads. A large supermarket 4 (open) near my home two years ago. Therefore, shopping has become more convenient.     The environment 5 (improve) a lot. There are many trees and flowers on the roadside. The air is fresher now. My family 6 (buy) a car three years ago. We have travelled to many interesting places since then. 7 you 8 (enjoy) your first trip by car? 9 you ever 10 (visit) the new science museum? I have. It’s great!     Looking at these changes, I feel hopeful. I believe our town will get better in the future. 【答案】 1．were 2．didn’t have 3．have changed 4．opened 5．has improved 6．bought 7．Did 8．enjoy 9．Have 10．visited 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，以今昔对比的方式讲述小镇十年间道路、商超、环境、居民生活的巨大变化，抒发对家乡发展的期待。 【详解】1．句意：道路狭窄，还总是脏乱。时间标志ten years ago为过去时间，主语roads是复数，be动词过去式用were。 2．句意：大多数家庭都没有私家车，所以人们骑自行车或步行。ten years ago为过去时标志，实义动词have变否定需借助助动词did，否定式didn’t后接动词原形have。 3．句意：然而，在过去十年里，我们的生活发生了巨大变化。in the past ten years是现在完成时标志性时间状语，主语our lives为复数，change过去分词为changed，现在完成时形式为have changed。 4．句意：两年前，我家附近开了一家大型超市。two years ago是一般过去时标志，open的过去式为opened。 5．句意：环境改善了很多。语境强调从过去持续到现在的变化，用现在完成时；主语the environment为单数名词，助动词用has，improve过去分词为improved。 6．句意：三年前我家买了一辆小汽车。three years ago为一般过去时标志，buy的过去式为bought。 7．句意：你享受你的第一次驾车出行了吗？first trip是过去发生的动作，一般过去时疑问句首用助动词Did，首字母大写。 8．句意：你享受你的第一次驾车出行了吗？助动词Did提前后，后面实义动词必须使用原形enjoy。 9．句意：你曾经参观过这座新科技馆吗？ever是现在完成时标志，主语you搭配助动词Have，句首字母大写。 10．句意：你曾经参观过这座新科技馆吗？ever是现在完成时标志，现在完成时结构为“Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词”，visit的过去分词为visited。 （二） My hometown is a small but beautiful town. I 1 (leave) my hometown ten years ago. Now, when I come back, I find that it 2 (change) a lot. The roads used 3 (be) narrow and crowded. The houses were old and small. There was a paper factory near our school. It often 4 (put) the waste into the river. Water pollution was also a big problem. Since 2000, our living conditions 5 (improve) a lot. Most of us 6 (move) into big beautiful houses. People used to listen to the radio for news and weather information. But now they can 7 (receive) them on TV or online. I believe that people’s life will get better and better in the future. 【答案】1．left 2．has changed 3．to be 4．put 5．have improved 6．have moved 7．receive 【导语】本文讲述作者离开家乡十年后返乡，对比家乡过去落后的道路、住房与污染问题，介绍2000年以来生活条件的巨大改善，展望家乡未来会越来越好。 【详解】 1．句意：我十年前离开了我的家乡。时间标志“ten years ago”为一般过去时，leave的过去式是left。 2．句意：现在，当我回来时，我发现它已经改变了很多。强调过去发生的变化持续到现在，用现在完成时；主语it为单数，填has changed。 3．句意：道路过去又窄又拥挤。固定搭配used to be，表示“过去曾经是”，填to be。 4．句意：它经常把废水排进河里。本段描述过去的景象，时态为一般过去时，put的过去式仍为put。 5．句意：自2000年以来，我们的生活条件改善了许多。“Since 2000”是现在完成时标志，主语conditions为复数，填have improved。 6．句意：我们大多数人都搬进了宽敞漂亮的房子。结合语境，搬家动作从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时；主语“Most of us”为复数，填have moved。 7．句意：但现在他们可以在电视或网上接收新闻和天气信息。情态动词can后接动词原形，填receive。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $