专题2 从句（讲义）2027年四川省（对口招生）《英语一轮讲练测》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：【2027版】四川省（对口招生）《英语学科一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练，在编写中融入支架式教学理念，紧扣教材，将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单，以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础，再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强，实操性好，为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径，高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是【2027版】四川省（对口招生）《英语学科一轮讲练测》的第2个专题，内容为从句。 【2027版】四川省（对口招生）《英语一轮讲练测》 专题2 从句 复习讲义 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 考点1 定语从句 即时训练 考点2 宾语从句 即时训练 考点3 状语从句 即时训练 考点 4 主语从句 即时训练 考点 5 表语从句、同位语从句 即时训练 04 真题溯源·考向感知 【复习目标】 1. 状语从句：熟练掌握常用引导词、逻辑关系及语境选用规则。 2. 名词性从句：熟练掌握句式结构、核心引导词及各类场景用法。 3. 定语从句：熟练掌握关系词用法、修饰辨析及真题特殊考查用法。 4. 从句易混重难点：重点掌握三大从句辨析、特殊句式及高频易错考点。 5. 从句嵌套与特殊句式：重点掌握从句嵌套结构、易混引导词等拔高考点。 6. 语境辨析与解题应用：理解中英表达差异，掌握解题逻辑，能够精准解题。 【考点1 定语从句】 一、概述 （1）定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。 （2）先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 （3）关系词：引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括 that、which、who、whom、whose、as，关系副词包括 where、when、why。 （4）关系词的作用 ①连接作用：放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用。 ②替代作用：代替先行词或整个主句。 ③成分作用：在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，并与先行词在数上保持一致，即从句谓语要根据先行词来判断。 （5）分类：根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省略，非限制性定语从句的主句与从句之间用逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省略，意思仍完整。 He decided to buy the book which was recommended by his teacher.（限制性定语从句） 他决定去买老师推荐的那本书。 She lives in Chengdu, which is the capital of Sichuan Province.（非限制性定语从句） 她住在成都，四川的省会城市。 二、关系代词与关系副词 关系代词 ____who___ ____whom___ that ___which____ whose 作主语或 宾语，指人 作宾语，指人 作主语，指人或物；作宾语，指人或物 作主语，指物；作宾语，指物 作定语，指人或物 （后面接名词） 关系副词 __when_____ __where____ ____why___ 作时间状语 作地点状语 作原因状语 三、关系词的用法 关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 补充 关 系 代 词 who 指人 作主语 或宾语 This is the man who will give us a talk. 这就是将要给我们做报告的那个人。 Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7:00 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须明早7点到学校大门口集合。 （1)whom、which、that在从句中作宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面的关系代词不能 省略，也不能用 that （2）关系代词whom在口语和非正式文体中可用who来代替，还可省略 The man (whom/who) you met just now is my old friend. 刚刚你见到的那个人是我的老朋友。 （3)which还可指代整个主句的内容，引导非限制性定语从句 He passed the exam, which made him get a gift. 他通过了考试，这使他得到了一个礼物。 whom 指人 作宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working. 史密斯先生是和我一起工作的人。 He's the boy (whom) I talked with just now. 他就是刚才和我说话的男孩。 whose 指人 或物 作定语 What's the name of the boy whose father is a doctor? 他的父亲是医生的那个男孩的名字是什么？ He still lives in the room whose window faces to the east. =He still lives in the room, the window of which faces to the east. 他仍然住在窗户朝东的那间房里。 that 指人或物 作主语，作宾语 Yesterday I received a letter that came from Australia. 昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信。 She is the table tennis player (that) I want to see very much. 她是我十分想见到的乒乓球运动员。 which 指物 作主语，作宾语 The pictures which were taken by the police attracted me. 警察拍的这些照片吸引了我。 The book (which) I gave you is worth 50 dollars. 我给你的这本书值50美元。 关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 补充 关 系 副 词 when 指时间 作时间 状语 I will never forget the day when we met again. I will never forget the day on which we met again. 我将永远不会忘记我们再次相遇的那天。 关系副词＝介词＋关系代词 where 指地点 作地点 状语 This is the house where I was born. = This is the house that/which I was born in. =This is the house in which I was born.这是我出生的房子。 why 指原因 作原因 状语 I can't imagine the reason why he turned down my help. I can't imagine the reason for which he turned down my help. 我想象不到他拒绝我帮助的理由。 注意：关系代词与关系副词的正确选用 关系词的选择主要依据先行词在从句中所作的成分而定。具体来讲，有以下两种方法。 ①运用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词与先行词的关系。如果及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系代词；而不及物动词后面无宾语，则要用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词作状语。 ②准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分，也能正确选择关系代词或关系副词。如果先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语，则选择关系代词；如果先行词在定语从句中作状语，或缺少介词，则选择关系副词。试比较下列句子，分析先行词在从句中的成分。 I will never forget the days that/which we spent together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。 I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度假的日子。 This is the school where/in which I studied last year.这就是我去年就读的学校。 This is the school (which/that) I visited last year.这就是我去年参观过的学校。 四、关系词只能用that或which的情况归纳 当先行词在从句中充当主语或宾语且指物时，that和which都可用，但下列情况要区分使用。 关系词 情况 例句 只用that ①当先行词为anything、everything、nothing、all、none、few、little、 some等不定代词时 ②当先行词由不定代词every、 any、all、some、no、little、few、 much等修饰时 All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的都已经做了。 There is little work that is fit for you. 几乎没有适合你的工作。 当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词以及the only、the very、the same、the last等修饰时 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好看的电影。 This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这正是我要买的词典。 当先行词里同时含有人和物时 They talked about persons and things that they remembered in the school. 他们谈论记得的有关学校的人和事。 当先行词前面有who、which等疑问代词时 Who is the woman that was talking to my mother? 和我妈妈谈话的那个妇女是谁？ 当主句是there be句型时 There is a mobile phone on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌上的那个手机是汤姆的。 关系词 情况 例句 只用which 非限制性定语从句中 The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.上个月我们买的房子非常不错。 介词提至关系代词前时 This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. 这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。 先行词为that、those时 What's that which is lying on the ground. 躺在地上的东西是什么？ 五、 the way用作先行词的情况 以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或 that 引导，而且可以省略in which或that。 e.g. The way (that/in which) he answered the questions was surprising. 他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。 I don't like the way (that/in which) you speak to her. 我不喜欢你跟她说话的方式。 六、定语从句的主谓一致 当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语应与先行词保持一致。 e.g. The teacher who treats his students as his children was praised by the headmaster. 校长表扬了这个对待学生像自己的孩子的老师。 one of＋复数名词十定语从句，复数名词是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；the （only) one of＋复数名词十定语从句，one是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 e.g. Tom is one of the students who ___have been to____ the Great Wall. 汤姆是去过长城的学生之一。 Tom is the only one of the students who _has been to__ the Great Wall. 汤姆是这些学生中唯一一个去过长城的。 七、“介词十关系代词”引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可将介词置于关系代词前，由“介词十关系代词”引导。 The school (which/that) he once studied in is very famous. ＝The school in which he once studied is very famous.他曾经就读过的学校很有名。 This is the boy (whom/who/that) I played tennis with yesterday. ＝This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday.这是昨天跟我打网球的男孩。 注意：①含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。 This is the watch for which I am looking.(×) This is the watch(which/that) I am looking for.（√）这是我正在找的手表。 ②若介词放在关系代词前，则关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who、that；关系代词指 物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。 The man with that/who you talked just now is my brother.(×) The man with whom you talked just now is my brother.(√) 刚才跟你谈话的那个人是我的弟弟。 The pencil with that he was writing suddenly broke.(×) The pencil with which he was writing suddenly broke.(√) 他写字的铅笔忽然折断了。 ③“介词十关系代词”前还可有some、any、none、all、both、neither、many、most、each few等代词或者数词。 e.g. There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 我们班总共有四十个学生，大多数来自大城市。 I have over 100 books, 30 of which were bought last year. 我有100多本书，其中有30本是去年买的。 【即时训练】 1. A best friend is a person is always there when you need him or her. As the saying goes, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” A.who B.whom C.whose D.which 【答案】A 【详解】该题考察限制性定语从句关系代词辨析。先行词 a person 指人，从句缺少主语；who 指代人、在从句作主语；whom 只能作宾语；whose 作定语表 “…… 的”；which 指代物。句子句意：挚友是在你需要时永远陪伴你的人。故选 A。 2.Tina has found the information about the famous people she can use for her report. A.who B.what C.whom D.which 【答案】D 【详解】该题考察先行词同时含人与物时定语从句引导词。先行词 the famous people（人）+information（物），从句缺宾语；what 不能引导定语从句；who/whom 只能指人；which 可指代事物，此处修饰信息。句意：蒂娜找到了可用于报告的名人相关资料。故选 D。 3. I shall never forget the place we met three years ago. A.when B.that C.where D. whose 【答案】C 【详解】该题考察定语从句关系副词 where 用法。先行词 the place 表地点，从句 we met 不缺主语、宾语，缺少地点状语，用 where；that/which 是关系代词，需从句缺主宾时使用；whose 作定语。句意：我永远不会忘记三年前我们相遇的地方。故选 C。 4.1945 is the year World War II ended. A.who B.that C.when D.which 【答案】C 【详解】该题考察关系副词 when 引导时间定语从句。先行词 the year 表时间，从句 World War II ended 主谓完整，缺时间状语，用 when；that/which 指代事物、作主宾；who 指人。句意：1945 年是二战结束的那一年。故选 C。 5.-Do you know the kid with Bob is talking on the playground? -Yes,it's Mary's brother. A.who B.that C./ D.whom 【答案】D 【详解】该题考察 “介词 + 关系代词” 结构。介词 with 提前，指代人只能用 whom，不能用 who/that；介词前置时关系代词不可省略。句意：—— 你知道操场上和鲍勃说话的小孩是谁吗？—— 知道，是玛丽的弟弟。故选 D。 6. The house fell and hurt a woman and her dog were just passing by. A.which B.as C.that D.who 【答案】C 【详解】该题考察先行词同时含人和物时只用 that 的规则。先行词 a woman（人）and her dog（物），人和物并列作先行词，限制性定语从句只能用 that；which 仅指物，who 仅指人，as 不符合场景。句意：房子倒塌，伤到了刚好路过的一位女士和她的狗。故选 C。 7.Mr. Smith is the only one of the foreign experts who in China. A. is worked B. is working C.are working D. have been working 【答案】B 【详解】该题考察 the only one of + 复数名词定语从句主谓一致。先行词是 the only one（单数），从句谓语动词用单数；A 选项 is workd 语法错误；C、D 为复数谓语，排除句意：史密斯先生是唯一一位在中国工作的外国专家。故选 B。 8. -How do you like the books which by your grandmother. A. is bought; them B. bought; them C.are bought; it D. were bought;them 【答案】D 【详解】该题考察定语从句被动语态与代词指代。先行词 the books 为复数，定语从句被动语态用 were bought；books 是复数，后文代词用 them 指代，it 指代单数名词。句意：你觉得你奶奶买的这些书怎么样？故选 D。 【考点2 宾语从句】 一、定义 从句在复合句中作宾语时就叫作宾语从句。宾语从句可以分为三大类：及物动词后的宾语从句、介词后的宾语从句和"be+形容词”后的宾语从句。 二、宾语从句的三要素 三要素 概述 例句 引导词 that引导： 当宾语从句由陈述句变化而来时，用that 引导从句，that无意义，只起连接作用，口语中可省略 He said (that) Kate was good at swimming. 他说凯特擅长游泳。 if/whether引导： 当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时，用if或whether引导从句，意为“是否”，不作句子成分，不能省略。 只能用whether的情况：①在介词之后；②在动词不定式之前；③与or not连用时 He asked me if/whether Miss Li was a teacher. 他问我李小姐是不是一名教师。 I don't know__whether___ he will go or not. 我不知道他去不去。 who/whom/whose/which/where/why/ what/when/how等特殊疑问词引导： 当宾语从句由特殊疑问句变化而来时，特殊疑问词就是宾语从句的引导词 Do you know who broke the door? 你知道是谁弄坏了门吗？ Could you tell me where you are from? 你能告诉我你来自哪里吗？ 语序 宾语从句要用陈述句语序。把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时，要特别注意从句的语序，即按照“主语十谓语”的顺序 I don't know where she comes from. 我不知道她来自哪里。 时态 如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定 I remember he gave me a book yesterday. 我记得他昨天给我一本书。 Tell him when we will start. 告诉他我们什么时候出发。 如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时） He told me that he would take part in the high jump match. 他告诉我他将参加跳高比赛。 They said they had finished the work. 他们说他们已经完成工作了。 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是一般过去时，从句也用一般现在时 The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun. 老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。 注意：宾语从句中的否定转移 在宾语从句中，当主句的谓语动词是think、believe、imagine、suppose、consider、expect、guess等，并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，则从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。 I don't think he will come to my party. __我相信他不会来我的聚会。__(翻译). I don't believe the window is broken by Jim, is it? 我认为窗户不是吉姆打破的，是吗？ 【即时训练】 1. He asked me told me the accident. A.whom B.which C.who D. whose 【答案】C 【详解】该题考察宾语从句连接代词辨析。从句缺少主语，指代人作主语用 who；whom 只能作宾语；which 指代事物；whose 作定语表所属。句意：他问我是谁告诉了他这场事故。故选 C。 2.The 31st Summer Universiade was held successfully. Could you tell me ? A. which city will be the host city of it B. in which city was it held C. which event made you the most excited D. that you were moved by the Universiade 【答案】C 【详解】该题考察宾语从句陈述语序与引导词。宾语从句必须用陈述语序，B 选项 was it held 是疑问语序排除；主句是问句，不能用 that 引导宾语从句，D 排除；A 选项 will 时态不符，大运会已举办，无需将来时；C 语序、语义均正确。句意：第 31 届大运会成功举办，你能告诉我哪个项目让你最激动吗？故选 C。 3.The teacher told us that light much faster than sound. A. has traveled B.went C. travels D.traveled 【答案】C 【详解】该题考察宾语从句客观真理时态规则。主句为过去时，从句描述客观真理 “光比声音传播快”，仍用一般现在时 travels。故选 C。 4. -Do you know umbrella this is? -Oh,it's John's. Let's give it to him. A.who B.what C.which D.whose 【答案】D 【详解】该题考察宾语从句连接代词 whose 表所属。答句 it's John's 表示 “是约翰的”，问句询问 “谁的雨伞”；who 指人，what 指事物，which 表 “哪一个”，均不表所属。句意：—— 你知道这是谁的雨伞吗？—— 是约翰的，我们给他吧。故选 D。 5. -Can you tell me from home to the book store? -Sure. It's about four kilometers. A.how far is it B.how long is it C.how far it is D.how long it is 【答案】C 【详解】该题考察宾语从句语序 + 疑问词辨析。宾语从句必须陈述语序，A、B 是疑问语序直接排除；答句 four kilometers 是距离，用 how far 提问；how long 提问时长 / 物体长度。句意：—— 你能告诉我从家到书店有多远吗？—— 大约四公里。故选 C。 6.I want to know he will go traveling with us or not. A.when B.if C.whether D.that 【答案】C 【详解】该题考察 whether 与 if 区分。固定搭配 whether...or not，or not 连用时只能用 whether，if 不能搭配 or not；that 无含义，when 表时间，均不符合。句意：我想知道他是否会和我们一起旅行。故选 C。 7.Please tell me you are waiting for. A.where B.that C.which D.whom 【答案】D 【详解】该题考察宾语从句连接代词宾格。从句 waiting for 缺少宾语，指代人作宾语用 whom；where 表地点，that 无实义，which 指代事物。句意：请告诉我你在等谁。故选 D。 【考点3 状语从句】 用来修饰主句中的动词、副词和形容词以及整个句子的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义，状语从句可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句和方式状语从句。具体见下表。 状语从句的分类 引导词 例句 时间状语从句 when/while/as（当······时）, before（在······之前）, after（在······之后）, since（自从），not...until...（直到······才······), as soon as （一······就······), no sooner... than...（一······就······), hardly...when...（一······就······） I was doing my homework when he came. 他来的时候，我正在做家庭作业。 He did not go to bed until his father came back. 直到爸爸回来他才去睡觉。 地点状语从句 where(···的地方）,wherever（无论哪里） Put it where we all can see it. 把它放在我们都能看到的位置。 条件状语从句 if（如果）,as long as（只要）, unless（除非） As long as I am alive, I will go on studying.只要我活着， 我就要学习。 原因状语从句 because（因为）, since（既然）, as（由于），now that（既然） I like to eat apples because it's good for my health.我喜欢吃苹果，因为它对我的健康有益。 Since we live near the sea, we enjoy nice weather. 由于住在海边，我们能享受到好天气。 目的状语从句 so that（以便，为了）, in order that（为了） He gets up early every morning so that he can catch the bus. 他每天早上起得都很早，以便能赶上公共汽车。 结果状语从句 so that（结果是······), so...that.../such...that...（如此······以 至于······） He was so angry that he couldn't say a word.他气得说不出话了。 让步状语从句 though/although/as（尽管，虽然）, even if （即使）,whatever（无论什么）, wherever （无论哪里）, whenever（无论何时） The air is around us, though we can't see it.尽管我们看不到空气，但它在我们周围。 Whenever you come, I will wait for you. 无论你什么时候来，我都会等你。 比较状语从句 than（比······), as...as...（和······一样）, not as/so...as...（不如······), the＋比较级，the＋比较级（越······，越······） He is as tall as Tom. 他和汤姆一样高。 方式状语从句 as...so...（犹如，好像）, as if/ as though（好像，仿佛）, as/just as（正如） As water is to fish, so air is to man.我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。 一、时间状语从句 （1）引导词when、while、as的区别 分类 说明 例句 when when既可以指时间点，与瞬间性动词连用；也可以指时间段，与延续性动词连用，这时相当于while When I got to the airport, the plane had left. 当我赶到机场时，飞机已经离开了。 When/While we were dancing, a stranger came in. 当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。 while while表示时间段，因此从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词 Please don't talk so loud while others are working.别人工作的时候，请不要大声讲话。 Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。 as as着重强调主句动作与从句动作同时发生，有“一边······一边······”之意 As you get older, you get more knowledge. 随着年龄的增长，你获得的知识就越多。 The students took notes as they listened. 学生们边听课边做笔记。 （2）until和till的用法 ①这两个连词意义相同，till比较口语化，until比较正式。在肯定句中，它们可以互换；在否定句、强调句或位于句首时，一般用until。 Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告诉我，之前我一点也不知道出了什么事。 I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how.直到你教我后，我才会做。 ②在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“做某事一直到······时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词；如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到······才做某事”，谓语动词可用瞬间性动词。 Let's wait until/till the rain stops.让我们一直等到雨停吧。 Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.公共汽车停稳后再下车。 （3）before的用法 ①before引导时间状语从句，此时从句中往往会出现情态动词。 He rushed out of the room before I could say a word. 我还没来得及说一句话，他就冲出了房间。 Did she leave a message before she went? 她走之前留言了吗？ ②It was/will be＋时间段＋before...意为“······之后才······”。 It was a long time before I went to sleep again.过了很长时间我才再次睡着。 It will be four days before they come back.他们要过四天才能回来。 （4）since的用法 since意为“······以来”，引导从句时，一般情况下，从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，主句谓语动词用现在完成时。但在句型"It is/has been＋时间段＋since从句”中，主句可用一般现在时。 I have been in Beijing since you left.自从你离开以来，我一直在北京。 It is/has been four years since he joined the army.他参军四年了。 （5）表示“一······就······”的引导词的用法 as soon as、directly、hardly/scarcely...when...、no sooner...than...等引导时间状语从句，意为“一······就······”。 As soon as I reach Canada,I will ring you up.我一到加拿大，就给你打电话。 Hardly had the performance begun when the lights went out.演出刚开始就停电了。 No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.我刚到家，天就开始下雨了。 注意：hardly、no sooner位于句首时要使用倒装结构。 （6）在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致。一般情况下，主句是将来时的时候，或表示将来的祈使句或有情态动词，从句要用一般现在时（主将从现，主祈从现，主情从现）。 I __will visit__ my good friend when I have time. 当我有时间时，我将去看望我的好友。 Please tell me as soon as your father ___comes__ back.当你爸爸回来时，请告诉我。 （7）当表达“正要做某事或刚要做某事时，突然发生某事”，用句型“．..was/were doing..．when...;...was/were about to do...when...” We were chatting happily when the teacher came.我们正聊得开心，突然老师来了。 He was about to leave when it began to rain.他正要离开，这时突然下雨了。 二、地点状语从句 地点状语从句表示主句动作发生的地点，常由 where 和 wherever 引导。 __Where__ there is a will,there is a way.有志者，事竟成。 You should put the book __where__ you found it.你应该把书放回你拿的地方。 I'll go ___wherever__ you go.无论你去哪里，我都跟着去。 Sit ___wherever__ you like.请随便坐。 三、条件状语从句 分类 说明 例句 条件状语从句用来表示谓语动词发生的条件 引导条件状语从句的连词有if （万一，如果）、unless（除非；如果 不）、as/so long as（只要）、in case（以防）等 If the rain stops, I shall go out for a walk.如果雨停了，我就出去散步。 I'll go there tomorrow unless it rains. 除非下雨，否则我明天会去那里。 You may borrow my book as long as you keep it clean.只要你保持书的清洁，你就可以把我的书借去。 Take your umbrella in case it rains. 带着你的伞吧，以防下雨。 主将从现 在条件状语从句中，一般情况下，主句是将来时，或表示将来的祈使句，从句要用一般现在时（主将从现，主祈从现） I'll help you with your English if I am free tomorrow.如果我明天有空，我就帮你学英语。 Remember to tell me if you have a fever. 如果你发烧了，记得告诉我。 祈使句＋ and／or＋陈述句 “祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句 Hurry up, or you'll be late. If you don't hurry up, you'll be late.快点，否则你要迟到了。 Study hard and you will pass the exam. If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 好好学习，你会通过考试的。 四、原因状语从句 （1）原因状语从句通常由because、since、as、now that等引导 He didn’t go to school because he was ill.他没去上学，因为他生病了。 Since you can't answer the question, I'll ask someone else. 既然你不能回答这个问题，我就问别人。 （2) because、as、since、for的用法区别 ①because表示直接原因，语气最强，其引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后或回答由why提出的问题；as和since的语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因，其引导的原因状语从句多放在句首。 -Why aren't you going there？你为什么不去那儿？ -Because I don't want to.因为我不想去。 Since we have no money, we can't buy it.既然我们没钱，我们就不能买它。 As it is raining, we shall not go to the zoo.因为下雨，我们不能去动物园了。 ②for从语法上来说，用来引导表原因的并列句，它不表示直接原因，而是对前面分句进行补充说明或说明推断的理由，前后两个句子的逻辑关系不一定是因果关系，且它所引导的句子常用逗号隔开，不能放在句首。试比较下列两组句子： Mary must have stayed up late last night, for she got up late this morning.（推断的原因） 玛丽昨晚肯定熬夜了，因为她今天早上起得很晚。 Mary got up late this morning because she stayed up late last night.（直接原因） 因为玛丽昨晚熬夜了，所以她今天早上起得很晚。 He must be ill, for he is absent today.（推断的原因）他一定是病了，因为他今天缺席。 Because he is ill, he is absent today.（直接原因）因为他病了，所以今天缺席。 五、 目的状语从句 （1）目的状语从句通常由that、so that、in order that等引导 Mr. Smith speaks slowly so that the students can hear him clearly. 史密斯先生说话很慢，以便学生们能够听清楚。 注意：so that引导目的状语从句时，有时省略so而只用that。 e.g. Bring it closer that I might see it better.拿近些，使我能看得清楚些。 （2）目的状语从句与状语短语的转换 He got up early so that he could catch the early bus. =He got up early so as to catch the early bus. 他起床很早以便能赶上早班公共汽车。 In order that we don't get infected by the virus, we'd better wash our hands often. =In order not to get infected by the virus, we’d better wash our hands often. 为了不被病毒感染，我们最好常洗手。 注意：in order that、so that、in order to、so as to 的用法区别 共同点：它们都可以引导目的状语，表示“为了” 不同点：in order that和so that后接从句，in order that可位于句首，而so that不能位于句 首；in order to和so as to后接动词原形，in order to可位于句首，而so as to不能位于句首，如果表达否定的目的时，则用in order not to do和so as not to do。 六、结果状语从句 （1）结果状语从句用来表示谓语动词所带来的结果，可由so... that..．、such...that..．、so that 引导。 He was so excited that he couldn't say a word. 他激动地一句话也说不出来。 She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her. 她是一个好老师以至于每个人都喜欢她。 （1）so...that..．与such...that..．的用法比较 分类 说明 句型 so...that... so...that...引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，可修饰形容词或副词 （1）so＋形容词／副词＋that从句 （2）so＋形容词＋a/an十单数可数名词＋that从句 （3）so+many/much/few/little十名词＋that从句 （名词前有many,much,few，little表示数量的多少） such...that... such...that...引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，修饰名词 （1）such+a/an＋形容词＋单数可数名词＋that从句 （2）such＋形容词＋复数可数名词＋that从句 （3）such＋形容词十不可数名词＋that从句 e.g. Their dog was __so___ fierce that no one dared come near it. 他们的狗太凶猛了，没人敢靠近它。 It's ____so___ interesting a film that we all want to see it. 这电影很有趣，我们都想看。 He earns ____so___ little money that he can hardly feed his family. 他赚的钱很少以至于几乎不能养家糊口。 She made ___so___ many mistakes that she didn't pass the exam. 她犯了很多错误以至于没能通过考试。 This was __such___ a good film that I went to see it several times. 这部电影如此好看，以至于我看了几遍。 They are __such___ clever children that we all like them. 这些孩子很聪明，我们都很喜欢。 It was __such___ bad weather that I had to stay at home. 天气是如此糟糕以至于我不得不待在家里。 七、让步状语从句 (1) 汉语中可说“虽然······但是······”，但按英语习惯，although/though 不能与but连用，但可以和副词still、yet连用。 e.g. Although it is dangerous, but I will try.(x) Although it is dangerous, I will try.(✓) / It is dangerous, but I will try.(✓) 虽然很危险，但我要试试。 (2) as（虽然，尽管）引导让步状语从句时，从句要倒装，即把表语、状语或动词原形提到as 之前，表语是名词时，前面不用冠词。though也可用于这样的结构中，但although 不可以这样用。 e.g. Poor though I am, I can afford it. 我虽然穷，但这东西还是买得起的。 Hard as/though he studies, he makes little progress. =Though he studies hard, he makes little progress. 尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。 Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. =Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do. 虽然他是一个孩子，但他知道该做什么。 (3) even if、even though意为“即使”，含有一种假设。这两个复合连词的意思基本相同，它们常互换使用。 e.g. Even though/if he is poor, she loves him.尽管他很穷，但她还是爱他。 (4) whatever、whoever、however、whenever、wherever等引导的让步状语从句，通常可换成no matter... e.g. Whatever you say, I believe you. =No matter what you say, I believe you. 无论你说什么，我都相信你。 No matter who you are, you must keep the law. = Whoever you are, you must keep the law. 不管你是谁，你都需要遵纪守法。 八、比较状语从句 比较状语从句表达人或事物的属性或特征的不同程度，常由as...as...（和······一样）、not as／so...as...（不像······那样）、than（比······）、“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”（越······，越······）等引导。 Our classroom is as big as theirs.我们的教室跟他们的一样大。 This winter is not as/so cold as it was last winter.今年冬天不像去年冬天那样冷。 Jane is taller than her twin sister.简比她的孪生姐姐高。 The more exercise you do, the healthier you will be.你锻炼越多，就会越健康。 九、方式状语从句 （1）方式状语从句表示主句中动作或状态的方式或方法，多半是用比喻说明主句内容或原物，使被说明的人、物形象具体化，常由as、just as、as if、as though等引导。 When in Rome，do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗。 I will do as you told me. 我将会按照你告诉我的那样去做。 （2）as if/as though 从句与虚拟语气 一般说来，若as if和as though从句所表示的内容可能为事实，则用陈述语气；若为假设或不大可能为事实，则用虚拟语气。 It looks as if the weather may be clear up very soon.看来天气很快就会好起来。 The teacher treated me as if I were her child.老师待我就像对自己的孩子一样。 【即时训练】 1.He was about to leave began to rain. A.while B.as C.before D.when 【答案】D 【详解】该题考察固定句型 be about to do...when...。when 此处译为 “这时突然”；while 后接延续性动作；as 表伴随；before 表 “在…… 之前”，均不匹配固定句型。句意：他正要出门，突然下起了雨。故选 D。 2. Many people won't realize the importance of their health they have lost it. A.after B.before C.until D.when 【答案】C 【详解】该题考察 not...until... 时间状语从句固定结构。not...until 译为 “直到…… 才”；after 在…… 之后，before 在…… 之前，when 当…… 时，代入语义不通。句意：很多人直到失去健康，才意识到它的重要性。故选 C。 3. You had better not leave the medicine kids can get it. A.even if B.which C.where D.so that 【答案】C 【详解】该题考察 where 引导地点状语从句。where 表示 “…… 的地方”，句意为：不要把药放在孩子能拿到的地方；even if 即使，引导让步；which 引导定语从句，此处无先行词；so that 以便，引导目的，语义不符。故选 C。 4.We will have a sports meeting next Tuesday it rains. A.since B.if C.until D.unless 【答案】D 【详解】该题考察 unless 引导条件状语从句。unless=if not，意为 “除非”；since 因为 / 自从；if 如果；until 直到。句意：下周二我们举办运动会，除非下雨。故选 D。 5.I didn't need to tell him the reason he could understand by his intelligence. A.though B.unless C.because D.when 【答案】C 【详解】该题考察 because 引导原因状语从句。because 表直接原因；though 虽然，让步；unless 除非，条件；when 当…… 时，时间。句意：我没必要告诉他原因，因为他凭自己就能明白。故选 C。 6. He is studying English hard he can get a better grade in the coming exam. A.in order to B.so that C. so as to D.as long as 【答案】B 【详解】该题考察 so that 引导目的状语从句。so that 后接完整从句；in order to/so as to 后只能接动词原形；as long as 只要，引导条件。句意：他努力学习英语，为了在即将到来的考试取得更好成绩。故选 B。 7.My sister was girl that she couldn't have cheated in the exam. A.such honest a B. so an honest C. so honest an D. such an honest 【答案】D 【详解】该题考察 such...that 与 so...that 区分。结构：such an + 形容词 + 单数名词；so + 形容词 + a/an + 单数名词。A、B、C 结构均错误，such an honest girl 正确。句意：她是一个如此诚实的女孩，不可能考试作弊。故选 D。 8. , his mother will wait for him to have dinner together. A. However late he was B.However he was late C. However is he late D. However late he is 【答案】D 【详解】该题考察 however 引导让步状语从句倒装结构。however= no matter how，结构为 however + 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 谓语；A 时态 was 过去时，后半句 will 为将来时时态冲突；B、C 语序错误。句意：无论他多晚回家，妈妈都会等他一起吃饭。故选 D。 9. Robin speaks Chinese well indeed, but of course not a native speaker. A. as fluent as B. more fluent than C. so fluently as D. much fluently than 【答案】C 【详解】该题考察 as...as 否定结构 not so/as...as。修饰动词 speaks 用副词 fluently；A fluent 是形容词，不能修饰动词；B、D 比较级语义不通。句意：罗宾中文说得很好，但当然不如母语者流利。故选 C。 10.He acted nothing had happened. A.if B.even if C.when D.as if 【答案】D 【详解】该题考察 as if 引导方式状语从句。as if 意为 “好像、仿佛”；if 如果；even if 即使；when 当…… 时，语义不符。句意：他表现得好像什么都没发生一样。故选 D。 【考点4 主语从句】 在整个句子中充当主语成分的从句叫主语从句，可以由从属连词that、whether等引导，也可以由连接代词what、which、who、whom、whose、whatever、whoever等以及连接副词how、when、where、why、as等引导。详见下表。 分类 说明 例句 that引导的主语从句 that引导主语从句时，that并无意义，在从句中也不充当成分。 引导主语从句的连词that有时可省略，有时不能省略，其原则： （1）若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首，则that不能省略； （2）若that引导的主语从句位于句末，而在句首使用了形式主语it，则that可省略 That you didn't go to the talk was a pity.（that不可省略） ＝ It was a pity (that) you didn't go to the talk.（that可省略） 很遗憾你没去听报告。 如果整个句子是疑问形式，就只能用it结构 Is it true that he is the girl's father? 他是那女孩的父亲是真的吗？ Is it possible that they will come tomorrow? 他们明天有可能来吗？ whether引导的主语从句 主语从句只能用whether引导，不能用if引导 Whether we need more food depends on how many people turn up. 我们是否需要更多的食物，要视到场的人数而定。 Whether he will come is unknown. 他是否会来还不清楚。 wh-疑问词引导的主语从句 wh-疑问词引导的主语从句可以放在句首，也可以用it作形式主语。用哪一个疑问词取决于从句所缺的成分，但是what引导主语从句时，一般不用it作形式主语 Who will pick him up is not decided. 谁将去接他还没有决定。 How we will go there is a question. 我们怎么到那儿去还是个问题。 It is not clear why he did this. 他为什么这样做还不清楚。 常用it作形式主语的几种句型 ① ②It+be＋名词词组＋that从句 ③It＋及物动词＋宾语＋that从句 ④It+be＋过去分词＋that从句 It is clear that he was telling the truth. 很显然他说的是真话。 It's a pity that you can't go with us. 你不能和我们一起去，真是太遗憾了。 It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. 她的头发正在变白，这让她很担心。 It is said/reported that there will be a storm this evening. 据报道，今晚会有一场暴风雨。 特殊：以it作形式主语的主语从句与强调句的区别。 相同点：It be...that/who...的语言标志。 不同点： ① 在主语从句中，删掉其中的It be和that，剩余的部分成分不完整，结构和语意都不能成为一个句子；而在强调句中，若删掉It be和that后仍能构成一个完整的句子。 ② 翻译的区别，强调句译为汉语时可加上“正是······”或“就是······”之类的字眼，而主语从句不能。 比较下面两个句子。 It is surprising that Mary won the first place.（主语从句） 玛丽获得第一名是令人吃惊的。 It is Mary that has won the first place.（强调句） 是玛丽获得的第一名。 【即时训练】 1. you said at the meeting had a great influence on the students. A.That B. What C.When D. Why 【答案】B 【详解】该题考察 what 引导主语从句。从句 you said 缺少宾语，what 表示 “…… 的话 / 事物”；that 无实义不充当成分；when 时间；why 原因，均无法在从句作宾语。句意：你在会上说的话对学生们影响很大。故选 B。 2. is done can not be undone. A.That B.What C.Which D.It 【答案】B 【详解】该题考察 what 引导主语从句固定谚语。What is done can not be undone. 谚语 “覆水难收”；that 不作成分；which 表选择；it 不能引导从句。故选 B。 3. is known to us all that the government has spared no efforts to save people from dying of the disease. A.This B.That C.What D.It 【答案】D 【详解】该题考察 it 作形式主语的主语从句。固定句型 It is known to us all that...，it 代替后面真正主语 that 从句；this/that 不能作形式主语；what 引导从句需在句中充当成分。句意：众所周知，政府全力挽救民众免受疾病侵害。故选 D。 4. he will continue his education or find a job hasn't been decided. A.Whether B.If C.That D.Where 【答案】A 【详解】该题考察主语从句 whether 与 if 区分。主语从句位于句首表 “是否” 只能用 whether，if 不能引导句首主语从句；that 无是否含义；where 表地点。句意：他是继续深造还是找工作还没有决定。故选 A。 5.______ he will attend the meeting is not decided yet. A. If B. Whether C. That D. What 【答案】B 【详解】该题考察主语从句引导词 whether。句首主语从句表 “是否” 不用 if；that 无 “是否” 含义；what 表事物，语义不通。句意：他是否参加会议还未确定。故选 B。 6.______ makes me happy is the warm support from my family. A. That B. Which C. What D. How 【答案】C 【详解】该题考察 what 引导主语从句。从句缺少主语，what 指代 “…… 的事物”；that 不作成分；which 表选择；how 作状语，不能充当主语。句意：让我开心的是家人温暖的支持。故选 C。 【考点5 表语从句、同位语从句】 一、表语从句 在复合句中充当表语，则该从句叫作表语从句。表语从句可以由从属连词that、whether 等，连接代词what、which、who等，连接副词how、when、where、why等，以及because、as if、as等引导。 The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 The question is whether they will be able to help us.问题是他们是否能帮我们。 This is what we should do.这是我们应该做的。 That's why he was sent to the hospital.那就是他被送到医院来的原因。 It looked as if it was going to rain，看起来天要下雨了。 二、同位语从句 分类 说明 例句 同位语从句 同位语从句用于表示名词的内容，对其加以解释或说明。这些名词往往是具有一定内容及含义的抽象名词，包括fact、promise、idea、news、decision、belief、plan、message、reason等，常用that引导 The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。 如果同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“是否”的含义，则应用whether引导同位语从句。if不能引导同位语从句 We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time. 我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。 如果同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“什么时候”“什么地点”“什么方式”等含义，应用when、where、how等词引导同位语从句 I have no idea when she will be back. 我不知道她何时回来。 I have no idea where he will go. 我不知道他要去哪里。 It is very difficult to answer your question how I did it. 你提出的我是怎样做的这个问题令我很难回答。 【即时训练】 1. That is I want to do for our country. A.that B.what C.whether D.which 【答案】B 【详解】该题考察 what 引导表语从句。从句 I want to do 缺少宾语，what 指代 “…… 的事”；that 无词义不充当成分；whether 是否；which 表选择，语义不符。句意：这就是我想为祖国做的事。故选 B。 2. The question is we need more water. A.if B.what C.whether D.which 【答案】C 【详解】该题考察 whether 引导表语从句表 “是否”。表语从句表 “是否” 可用 whether，不能用 if；what 事物；which 哪一个，语义不通。句意：问题是我们是否需要更多水。故选 C。 3. The news the city was locked down surprised us. A.where B.what C.which D.that 【答案】D 【详解】该题考察 that 引导同位语从句。先行词 the news 为抽象名词，从句解释消息内容，句子完整不缺成分，用 that（无实义，仅起连接作用）；where 地点；what 事物；which 引导定语从句，此处是同位语从句。句意：这座城市封城的消息让我们很震惊。故选 D。 4. We need to know the fact light travels faster than sound. A.where B.that C.which D.what 【答案】B 【详解】该题考察 that 引导同位语从句。先行词 fact，从句完整，解释事实内容，用 that；where 地点；which 引导定语从句；what 需在从句充当成分。句意：我们需要知道光比声音传播更快这个事实。故选 B。 5. My question is ______ you will join us in the activity. A. that B. whether C. what D. how 【答案】B 【详解】该题考察 whether 引导表语从句。句意：我的问题是你是否会加入我们的活动。that 无是否含义；what 什么；how 如何，均不符合语义。故选 B。 6.There is no possibility ______ he will give up halfway. A. that B. whether C. If D.what 【答案】A 【详解】该题考察 that 引导同位语从句。possibility 为抽象名词，从句完整解释可能性内容，用 that；whether 是否，语义矛盾；if 不能引导同位语从句；what 需充当从句成分。句意：他不可能中途放弃。故选 A。 （四川省2025年对口招生）I want to know ______ she will come back home. A. where B. when C. what D. that 【答案】B 【详解】该题考察宾语从句连接副词。句意：我想知道她什么时候回家。where 地点；when 时间；what 事物；that 无含义，根据语义选 when。故选 B。 （四川省2025年对口招生）_____ they’ve had a very long walk, the children are still in high spirits. A. Although B. Because C. Until D. Unless 【答案】A 【详解】该题考察让步状语从句 although。although 虽然；because 因为；until 直到；unless 除非。句意：虽然孩子们走了很远的路，但依然兴致高昂。故选 A。 （四川省2025年对口招生）I asked DeepSeek to recommend a job ______ is suitable for me. A. what B. which C. where D. why 【答案】B 【详解】该题考察限制性定语从句关系代词。先行词 a job 指物，从句缺主语，用 which；what 不能引导定语从句；where/why 是关系副词，从句不缺状语。故选 B。 （四川省2024年对口招生） I really don’t understand ________ they are talking about. A. why B. how C. what D. that 【答案】C 【详解】该题考察宾语从句连接代词。从句 talk about 缺少宾语，what 指代谈论的内容；why 原因；how 方式；that 无词义。句意：我实在不明白他们在聊什么。故选 C。 （四川省2024年对口招生）________we went to Beijing last summer, we visited the Great Wall. A. When B. Unless C. Though D. Whether 【答案】A 【详解】该题考察 when 引导时间状语从句。when 当…… 时；unless 除非；though 虽然；whether 是否。句意：去年夏天我们去北京的时候，游览了长城。故选 A。 （四川省2024年对口招生）My grandfather decided to give up smoking, ________was good news for my family. A. what B. whom C. which D. that 【答案】C 【详解】该题考察 which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整件事。非限制性定语从句不能用 that；what 不引导定语从句；whom 指代人。句意：爷爷决定戒烟，这对我们家来说是个好消息。故选 C。 （四川省2023年对口招生）You’re my best friend. I do believe ________ you told me. A. if B. whether C. that D. what 【答案】D 【详解】该题考察宾语从句 what 作宾语。从句缺少宾语，what 表示 “你告诉我的事”；if/whether 是否；that 无实义。句意：你是我最好的朋友，我相信你告诉我的一切。故选 D。 （四川省2023年对口招生）You will never succeed ________ you try hard. A. as B. till C. while D. unless 【答案】D 【详解】该题考察 unless 引导条件状语从句。unless=if not，意为 “除非”；as 当；till 直到；while 当…… 时。句意：除非你努力，否则永远不会成功。故选 D。 （四川省2023年对口招生）Taobao.com is a popular website ________ people can sell and buy goods easily. A. how B. why C. when D. where 【答案】D 【详解】该题考察 where 引导定语从句作地点状语。先行词 website 抽象地点，从句主谓完整缺地点状语，用 where；how 方式；why 原因；when 时间。句意：淘宝是人们便捷买卖商品的热门网站。故选 D。 （四川省2022年对口招生）Do you know ________? A. where does Sally live B. where Sally lives C. where lives Sally D. Sally lives where 【答案】B 【详解】该题考察宾语从句必须使用陈述语序。宾语从句结构：连接词 + 主语 + 谓语；A、C 疑问语序，D 语序混乱，只有 B 正确。句意：你知道萨莉住在哪里吗？故选 B。 （四川省2022年对口招生）Every morning I eat all the breakfast food ____ is prepared by Mom. A. what B. which C. that D. as 【答案】C 【详解】该题考察先行词被 all 修饰时定语从句只用 that。先行词有 all 修饰，限制性定语从句不能用 which；what 不能引导定语从句；as 不符合语境。句意：每天早上我都会吃完妈妈准备的所有早餐。故选 C。 （四川省2021年对口招生）I like the little child ______ handwriting is beautiful. A. that B. who C. whom D. whose 【答案】D 【详解】该题考察 whose 引导定语从句作定语表所属。whose handwriting=the child’s handwriting；that/who 作主宾；whom 只作宾语，均不能修饰名词 handwriting。句意：我喜欢那个字迹漂亮的小孩。故选 D。 （四川省2021年对口招生）It’s a fact ______ China has made great progress in space technology. A. that B. how C. what D. why 【答案】A 【详解】该题考察 that 引导同位语从句。抽象名词 fact 后从句完整，解释事实内容，用 that；how 方式；what 事物；why 原因，均不符合。句意：中国在航天技术取得巨大进步是不争的事实。故选 A。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：【2027版】四川省（对口招生）《英语学科一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练，在编写中融入支架式教学理念，紧扣教材，将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单，以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础，再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强，实操性好，为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径，高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是【2027版】四川省（对口招生）《英语学科一轮讲练测》的第2个专题，内容为从句。 【2027版】四川省（对口招生）《英语一轮讲练测》 专题2 从句 复习讲义 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 考点1 定语从句 即时训练 考点2 宾语从句 即时训练 考点3 状语从句 即时训练 考点 4 主语从句 即时训练 考点 5 表语从句、同位语从句 即时训练 04 真题溯源·考向感知 【复习目标】 1. 状语从句：熟练掌握常用引导词、逻辑关系及语境选用规则。 2. 名词性从句：熟练掌握句式结构、核心引导词及各类场景用法。 3. 定语从句：熟练掌握关系词用法、修饰辨析及真题特殊考查用法。 4. 从句易混重难点：重点掌握三大从句辨析、特殊句式及高频易错考点。 5. 从句嵌套与特殊句式：重点掌握从句嵌套结构、易混引导词等拔高考点。 6. 语境辨析与解题应用：理解中英表达差异，掌握解题逻辑，能够精准解题。 【考点1 定语从句】 一、概述 （1）定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。 （2）先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 （3）关系词：引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括 that、which、who、whom、whose、as，关系副词包括 where、when、why。 （4）关系词的作用 ①连接作用：放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用。 ②替代作用：代替先行词或整个主句。 ③成分作用：在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，并与先行词在数上保持一致，即从句谓语要根据先行词来判断。 （5）分类：根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省略，非限制性定语从句的主句与从句之间用逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省略，意思仍完整。 He decided to buy the book which was recommended by his teacher.（限制性定语从句） 他决定去买老师推荐的那本书。 She lives in Chengdu, which is the capital of Sichuan Province.（非限制性定语从句） 她住在成都，四川的省会城市。 二、关系代词与关系副词 关系代词 _______ _______ that _________ whose 作主语或 宾语，指人 作宾语，指人 作主语，指人或物；作宾语，指人或物 作主语，指物；作宾语，指物 作定语，指人或物 （后面接名词） 关系副词 ________ ________ ________ 作时间状语 作地点状语 作原因状语 三、关系词的用法 关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 补充 关 系 代 词 who 指人 作主语 或宾语 This is the man who will give us a talk. 这就是将要给我们做报告的那个人。 Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7:00 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须明早7点到学校大门口集合。 （1)whom、which、that在从句中作宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面的关系代词不能 省略，也不能用 that （2）关系代词whom在口语和非正式文体中可用who来代替，还可省略 The man (whom/who) you met just now is my old friend. 刚刚你见到的那个人是我的老朋友。 （3)which还可指代整个主句的内容，引导非限制性定语从句 He passed the exam, which made him get a gift. 他通过了考试，这使他得到了一个礼物。 whom 指人 作宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working. 史密斯先生是和我一起工作的人。 He's the boy (whom) I talked with just now. 他就是刚才和我说话的男孩。 whose 指人 或物 作定语 What's the name of the boy whose father is a doctor? 他的父亲是医生的那个男孩的名字是什么？ He still lives in the room whose window faces to the east. =He still lives in the room, the window of which faces to the east. 他仍然住在窗户朝东的那间房里。 that 指人或物 作主语，作宾语 Yesterday I received a letter that came from Australia. 昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信。 She is the table tennis player (that) I want to see very much. 她是我十分想见到的乒乓球运动员。 which 指物 作主语，作宾语 The pictures which were taken by the police attracted me. 警察拍的这些照片吸引了我。 The book (which) I gave you is worth 50 dollars. 我给你的这本书值50美元。 关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 补充 关 系 副 词 when 指时间 作时间 状语 I will never forget the day when we met again. I will never forget the day on which we met again. 我将永远不会忘记我们再次相遇的那天。 关系副词＝介词＋关系代词 where 指地点 作地点 状语 This is the house where I was born. = This is the house that/which I was born in. =This is the house in which I was born.这是我出生的房子。 why 指原因 作原因 状语 I can't imagine the reason why he turned down my help. I can't imagine the reason for which he turned down my help. 我想象不到他拒绝我帮助的理由。 注意：关系代词与关系副词的正确选用 关系词的选择主要依据先行词在从句中所作的成分而定。具体来讲，有以下两种方法。 ①运用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词与先行词的关系。如果及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系代词；而不及物动词后面无宾语，则要用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词作状语。 ②准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分，也能正确选择关系代词或关系副词。如果先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语，则选择关系代词；如果先行词在定语从句中作状语，或缺少介词，则选择关系副词。试比较下列句子，分析先行词在从句中的成分。 I will never forget the days that/which we spent together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。 I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度假的日子。 This is the school where/in which I studied last year.这就是我去年就读的学校。 This is the school (which/that) I visited last year.这就是我去年参观过的学校。 四、关系词只能用that或which的情况归纳 当先行词在从句中充当主语或宾语且指物时，that和which都可用，但下列情况要区分使用。 关系词 情况 例句 只用that ①当先行词为anything、everything、nothing、all、none、few、little、 some等不定代词时 ②当先行词由不定代词every、 any、all、some、no、little、few、 much等修饰时 All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的都已经做了。 There is little work that is fit for you. 几乎没有适合你的工作。 当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词以及the only、the very、the same、the last等修饰时 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好看的电影。 This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这正是我要买的词典。 当先行词里同时含有人和物时 They talked about persons and things that they remembered in the school. 他们谈论记得的有关学校的人和事。 当先行词前面有who、which等疑问代词时 Who is the woman that was talking to my mother? 和我妈妈谈话的那个妇女是谁？ 当主句是there be句型时 There is a mobile phone on the desk that belongs to om.桌上的那个手机是汤姆的。 关系词 情况 例句 只用which 非限制性定语从句中 The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.上个月我们买的房子非常不错。 介词提至关系代词前时 This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. 这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。 先行词为that、those时 What's that which is lying on the ground. 躺在地上的东西是什么？ 五、 the way用作先行词的情况 以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或 that 引导，而且可以省略in which或that。 e.g. The way (that/in which) he answered the questions was surprising. 他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。 I don't like the way (that/in which) you speak to her. 我不喜欢你跟她说话的方式。 六、定语从句的主谓一致 当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语应与先行词保持一致。 e.g. The teacher who treats his students as his children was praised by the headmaster. 校长表扬了这个对待学生像自己的孩子的老师。 one of＋复数名词十定语从句，复数名词是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；the （only) one of＋复数名词十定语从句，one是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 e.g. Tom is one of the students who __________ the Great Wall. 汤姆是去过长城的学生之一。 Tom is the only one of the students who ____________ the Great Wall. 汤姆是这些学生中唯一一个去过长城的。 七、“介词十关系代词”引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可将介词置于关系代词前，由“介词十关系代词”引导。 The school (which/that) he once studied in is very famous. ＝The school in which he once studied is very famous.他曾经就读过的学校很有名。 This is the boy (whom/who/that) I played tennis with yesterday. ＝This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday.这是昨天跟我打网球的男孩。 注意：①含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。 This is the watch for which I am looking.(×) This is the watch(which/that) I am looking for.（√）这是我正在找的手表。 ②若介词放在关系代词前，则关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who、that；关系代词指 物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。 The man with that/who you talked just now is my brother.(×) The man with whom you talked just now is my brother.(√) 刚才跟你谈话的那个人是我的弟弟。 The pencil with that he was writing suddenly broke.(×) The pencil with which he was writing suddenly broke.(√) 他写字的铅笔忽然折断了。 ③“介词十关系代词”前还可有some、any、none、all、both、neither、many、most、each few等代词或者数词。 e.g. There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 我们班总共有四十个学生，大多数来自大城市。 I have over 100 books, 30 of which were bought last year. 我有100多本书，其中有30本是去年买的。 【即时训练】 1. A best friend is a person is always there when you need him or her. As the saying goes, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” A.who B.whom C.whose D.which 2.Tina has found the information about the famous people she can use for her report. A.who B.what C.whom D.which 3. I shall never forget the place we met three years ago. A.when B.that C.where D. whose 4.1945 is the year World War II ended. A.who B.that C.when D.which 5.-Do you know the kid with Bob is talking on the playground? -Yes,it's Mary's brother. A.who B.that C./ D.whom 6. The house fell and hurt a woman and her dog were just passing by. A.which B.as C.that D.who 7.Mr. Smith is the only one of the foreign experts who in China. A. is worked B. is working C.are working D. have been working 8. -How do you like the books which by your grandmother. A. is bought; them B. bought; them C.are bought; it D. were bought;them 【考点2 宾语从句】 一、定义 从句在复合句中作宾语时就叫作宾语从句。宾语从句可以分为三大类：及物动词后的宾语从句、介词后的宾语从句和"be+形容词”后的宾语从句。 二、宾语从句的三要素 三要素 概述 例句 引导词 that引导： 当宾语从句由陈述句变化而来时，用that 引导从句，that无意义，只起连接作用，口语中可省略 He said (that) Kate was good at swimming. 他说凯特擅长游泳。 if/whether引导： 当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时，用if或whether引导从句，意为“是否”，不作句子成分，不能省略。 只能用whether的情况：①在介词之后；②在动词不定式之前；③与or not连用时 He asked me if/whether Miss Li was a teacher. 他问我李小姐是不是一名教师。 I don't know_________ he will go or not. 我不知道他去不去。 who/whom/whose/which/where/why/ what/when/how等特殊疑问词引导： 当宾语从句由特殊疑问句变化而来时，特殊疑问词就是宾语从句的引导词 Do you know who broke the door? 你知道是谁弄坏了门吗？ Could you tell me where you are from? 你能告诉我你来自哪里吗？ 语序 宾语从句要用陈述句语序。把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时，要特别注意从句的语序，即按照“主语十谓语”的顺序 I don't know where she comes from. 我不知道她来自哪里。 时态 如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定 I remember he gave me a book yesterday. 我记得他昨天给我一本书。 Tell him when we will start. 告诉他我们什么时候出发。 如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时） He told me that he would take part in the high jump match. 他告诉我他将参加跳高比赛。 They said they had finished the work. 他们说他们已经完成工作了。 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是一般过去时，从句也用一般现在时 The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun. 老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。 注意：宾语从句中的否定转移 在宾语从句中，当主句的谓语动词是think、believe、imagine、suppose、consider、expect、guess等，并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，则从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。 I don't think he will come to my party. ____________________________(翻译). I don't believe the window is broken by Jim, is it? 我认为窗户不是吉姆打破的，是吗？ 【即时训练】 1. He asked me told me the accident. A.whom B.which C.who D. whose 2.The 31st Summer Universiade was held successfully. Could you tell me ? A. which city will be the host city of it B. in which city was it held C. which event made you the most excited D. that you were moved by the Universiade 3.The teacher told us that light much faster than sound. A. has traveled B.went C. travels D.traveled 4. -Do you know umbrella this is? -Oh,it's John's. Let's give it to him. A.who B.what C.which D.whose 5. -Can you tell me from home to the book store? -Sure. It's about four kilometers. A.how far is it B.how long is it C.how far it is D.how long it is 6.I want to know he will go traveling with us or not. A.when B.if C.whether D.that 7.Please tell me you are waiting for. A.where B.that C.which D.whom 【考点3 状语从句】 用来修饰主句中的动词、副词和形容词以及整个句子的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义，状语从句可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句和方式状语从句。具体见下表。 状语从句的分类 引导词 例句 时间状语从句 when/while/as（当······时）, before（在······之前）, after（在······之后）, since（自从），not...until...（直到······才······), as soon as （一······就······), no sooner... than...（一······就······), hardly...when...（一······就······） I was doing my homework when he came. 他来的时候，我正在做家庭作业。 He did not go to bed until his father came back. 直到爸爸回来他才去睡觉。 地点状语从句 where(···的地方）,wherever（无论哪里） Put it where we all can see it. 把它放在我们都能看到的位置。 条件状语从句 if（如果）,as long as（只要）, unless（除非） As long as I am alive, I will go on studying.只要我活着， 我就要学习。 原因状语从句 because（因为）, since（既然）, as（由于），now that（既然） I like to eat apples because it's good for my health.我喜欢吃苹果，因为它对我的健康有益。 Since we live near the sea, we enjoy nice weather. 由于住在海边，我们能享受到好天气。 目的状语从句 so that（以便，为了）, in order that（为了） He gets up early every morning so that he can catch the bus. 他每天早上起得都很早，以便能赶上公共汽车。 结果状语从句 so that（结果是······), so...that.../such...that...（如此······以 至于······） He was so angry that he couldn't say a word.他气得说不出话了。 让步状语从句 though/although/as（尽管，虽然）, even if （即使）,whatever（无论什么）, wherever （无论哪里）, whenever（无论何时） The air is around us, though we can't see it.尽管我们看不到空气，但它在我们周围。 Whenever you come, I will wait for you. 无论你什么时候来，我都会等你。 比较状语从句 than（比······), as...as...（和······一样）, not as/so...as...（不如······), the＋比较级，the＋比较级（越······，越······） He is as tall as Tom. 他和汤姆一样高。 方式状语从句 as...so...（犹如，好像）, as if/ as though（好像，仿佛）, as/just as（正如） As water is to fish, so air is to man.我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。 一、时间状语从句 （1）引导词when、while、as的区别 分类 说明 例句 when when既可以指时间点，与瞬间性动词连用；也可以指时间段，与延续性动词连用，这时相当于while When I got to the airport, the plane had left. 当我赶到机场时，飞机已经离开了。 When/While we were dancing, a stranger came in. 当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。 while while表示时间段，因此从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词 Please don't talk so loud while others are working.别人工作的时候，请不要大声讲话。 Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。 as as着重强调主句动作与从句动作同时发生，有“一边······一边······”之意 As you get older, you get more knowledge. 随着年龄的增长，你获得的知识就越多。 The students took notes as they listened. 学生们边听课边做笔记。 （2）until和till的用法 ①这两个连词意义相同，till比较口语化，until比较正式。在肯定句中，它们可以互换；在否定句、强调句或位于句首时，一般用until。 Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告诉我，之前我一点也不知道出了什么事。 I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how.直到你教我后，我才会做。 ②在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“做某事一直到······时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词；如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到······才做某事”，谓语动词可用瞬间性动词。 Let's wait until/till the rain stops.让我们一直等到雨停吧。 Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.公共汽车停稳后再下车。 （3）before的用法 ①before引导时间状语从句，此时从句中往往会出现情态动词。 He rushed out of the room before I could say a word. 我还没来得及说一句话，他就冲出了房间。 Did she leave a message before she went? 她走之前留言了吗？ ②It was/will be＋时间段＋before...意为“······之后才······”。 It was a long time before I went to sleep again.过了很长时间我才再次睡着。 It will be four days before they come back.他们要过四天才能回来。 （4）since的用法 since意为“······以来”，引导从句时，一般情况下，从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，主句谓语动词用现在完成时。但在句型"It is/has been＋时间段＋since从句”中，主句可用一般现在时。 I have been in Beijing since you left.自从你离开以来，我一直在北京。 It is/has been four years since he joined the army.他参军四年了。 （5）表示“一······就······”的引导词的用法 as soon as、directly、hardly/scarcely...when...、no sooner...than...等引导时间状语从句，意为“一······就······”。 As soon as I reach Canada,I will ring you up.我一到加拿大，就给你打电话。 Hardly had the performance begun when the lights went out.演出刚开始就停电了。 No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.我刚到家，天就开始下雨了。 注意：hardly、no sooner位于句首时要使用倒装结构。 （6）在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致。一般情况下，主句是将来时的时候，或表示将来的祈使句或有情态动词，从句要用一般现在时（主将从现，主祈从现，主情从现）。 I _________ my good friend when I have time. 当我有时间时，我将去看望我的好友。 Please tell me as soon as your father _________ back.当你爸爸回来时，请告诉我。 （7）当表达“正要做某事或刚要做某事时，突然发生某事”，用句型“．..was/were doing..．when...;...was/were about to do...when...” We were chatting happily when the teacher came.我们正聊得开心，突然老师来了。 He was about to leave when it began to rain.他正要离开，这时突然下雨了。 二、地点状语从句 地点状语从句表示主句动作发生的地点，常由 where 和 wherever 引导。 __________ there is a will,there is a way.有志者，事竟成。 You should put the book __________ you found it.你应该把书放回你拿的地方。 I'll go __________ you go.无论你去哪里，我都跟着去。 Sit _________ you like.请随便坐。 三、条件状语从句 分类 说明 例句 条件状语从句用来表示谓语动词发生的条件 引导条件状语从句的连词有if （万一，如果）、unless（除非；如果 不）、as/so long as（只要）、in case（以防）等 If the rain stops, I shall go out for a walk.如果雨停了，我就出去散步。 I'll go there tomorrow unless it rains. 除非下雨，否则我明天会去那里。 You may borrow my book as long as you keep it clean.只要你保持书的清洁，你就可以把我的书借去。 Take your umbrella in case it rains. 带着你的伞吧，以防下雨。 主将从现 在条件状语从句中，一般情况下，主句是将来时，或表示将来的祈使句，从句要用一般现在时（主将从现，主祈从现） I'll help you with your English if I am free tomorrow.如果我明天有空，我就帮你学英语。 Remember to tell me if you have a fever. 如果你发烧了，记得告诉我。 祈使句＋ and／or＋陈述句 “祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句 Hurry up, or you'll be late. If you don't hurry up, you'll be late.快点，否则你要迟到了。 Study hard and you will pass the exam. If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 好好学习，你会通过考试的。 四、原因状语从句 （1）原因状语从句通常由because、since、as、now that等引导 He didn’t go to school because he was ill.他没去上学，因为他生病了。 Since you can't answer the question, I'll ask someone else. 既然你不能回答这个问题，我就问别人。 （2) because、as、since、for的用法区别 ①because表示直接原因，语气最强，其引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后或回答由why提出的问题；as和since的语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因，其引导的原因状语从句多放在句首。 -Why aren't you going there？你为什么不去那儿？ -Because I don't want to.因为我不想去。 Since we have no money, we can't buy it.既然我们没钱，我们就不能买它。 As it is raining, we shall not go to the zoo.因为下雨，我们不能去动物园了。 ②for从语法上来说，用来引导表原因的并列句，它不表示直接原因，而是对前面分句进行补充说明或说明推断的理由，前后两个句子的逻辑关系不一定是因果关系，且它所引导的句子常用逗号隔开，不能放在句首。试比较下列两组句子： Mary must have stayed up late last night, for she got up late this morning.（推断的原因） 玛丽昨晚肯定熬夜了，因为她今天早上起得很晚。 Mary got up late this morning because she stayed up late last night.（直接原因） 因为玛丽昨晚熬夜了，所以她今天早上起得很晚。 He must be ill, for he is absent today.（推断的原因）他一定是病了，因为他今天缺席。 Because he is ill, he is absent today.（直接原因）因为他病了，所以今天缺席。 五、 目的状语从句 （1）目的状语从句通常由that、so that、in order that等引导 Mr. Smith speaks slowly so that the students can hear him clearly. 史密斯先生说话很慢，以便学生们能够听清楚。 注意：so that引导目的状语从句时，有时省略so而只用that。 e.g. Bring it closer that I might see it better.拿近些，使我能看得清楚些。 （2）目的状语从句与状语短语的转换 He got up early so that he could catch the early bus. =He got up early so as to catch the early bus. 他起床很早以便能赶上早班公共汽车。 In order that we don't get infected by the virus, we'd better wash our hands often. =In order not to get infected by the virus, we’d better wash our hands often. 为了不被病毒感染，我们最好常洗手。 注意：in order that、so that、in order to、so as to 的用法区别 共同点：它们都可以引导目的状语，表示“为了” 不同点：in order that和so that后接从句，in order that可位于句首，而so that不能位于句 首；in order to和so as to后接动词原形，in order to可位于句首，而so as to不能位于句首，如果表达否定的目的时，则用in order not to do和so as not to do。 六、结果状语从句 （1）结果状语从句用来表示谓语动词所带来的结果，可由so... that..．、such...that..．、 so that 引导。 He was so excited that he couldn't say a word. 他激动地一句话也说不出来。 She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her. 她是一个好老师以至于每个人都喜欢她。 （1）so...that..．与such...that..．的用法比较 分类 说明 句型 so...that... so...that...引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，可修饰形容词或副词 （1）so＋形容词／副词＋that从句 （2）so＋形容词＋a/an十单数可数名词＋that从句 （3）so+many/much/few/little十名词＋that从句 （名词前有many,much,few，little表示数量的多少） such...that... such...that...引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，修饰名词 （1）such+a/an＋形容词＋单数可数名词＋that从句 （2）such＋形容词＋复数可数名词＋that从句 （3）such＋形容词十不可数名词＋that从句 e.g. Their dog was ________ fierce that no one dared come near it. 他们的狗太凶猛了，没人敢靠近它。 It's _________ interesting a film that we all want to see it. 这电影很有趣，我们都想看。 He earns ________ little money that he can hardly feed his family. 他赚的钱很少以至于几乎不能养家糊口。 She made ________ many mistakes that she didn't pass the exam. 她犯了很多错误以至于没能通过考试。 This was _________ a good film that I went to see it several times. 这部电影如此好看，以至于我看了几遍。 They are _________ clever children that we all like them. 这些孩子很聪明，我们都很喜欢。 It was _________ bad weather that I had to stay at home. 天气是如此糟糕以至于我不得不待在家里。 七、让步状语从句 (1) 汉语中可说“虽然······但是······”，但按英语习惯，although/though 不能与but连用，但可以和副词still、yet连用。 e.g. Although it is dangerous, but I will try.(x) Although it is dangerous, I will try.(✓) / It is dangerous, but I will try.(✓) 虽然很危险，但我要试试。 (2) as（虽然，尽管）引导让步状语从句时，从句要倒装，即把表语、状语或动词原形提到as 之前，表语是名词时，前面不用冠词。though也可用于这样的结构中，但although 不可以这样用。 e.g. Poor though I am, I can afford it. 我虽然穷，但这东西还是买得起的。 Hard as/though he studies, he makes little progress. =Though he studies hard, he makes little progress. 尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。 Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. =Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do. 虽然他是一个孩子，但他知道该做什么。 (3) even if、even though意为“即使”，含有一种假设。这两个复合连词的意思基本相同，它们常互换使用。 e.g. Even though/if he is poor, she loves him.尽管他很穷，但她还是爱他。 (4) whatever、whoever、however、whenever、wherever等引导的让步状语从句，通常可换成no matter... e.g. Whatever you say, I believe you. =No matter what you say, I believe you. 无论你说什么，我都相信你。 No matter who you are, you must keep the law. = Whoever you are, you must keep the law. 不管你是谁，你都需要遵纪守法。 八、比较状语从句 比较状语从句表达人或事物的属性或特征的不同程度，常由as...as...（和······一样）、not as／so...as...（不像······那样）、than（比······）、“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”（越······，越······）等引导。 Our classroom is as big as theirs.我们的教室跟他们的一样大。 This winter is not as/so cold as it was last winter.今年冬天不像去年冬天那样冷。 Jane is taller than her twin sister.简比她的孪生姐姐高。 The more exercise you do, the healthier you will be.你锻炼越多，就会越健康。 九、方式状语从句 （1）方式状语从句表示主句中动作或状态的方式或方法，多半是用比喻说明主句内容或原物，使被说明的人、物形象具体化，常由as、just as、as if、as though等引导。 When in Rome，do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗。 I will do as you told me. 我将会按照你告诉我的那样去做。 （2）as if/as though 从句与虚拟语气 一般说来，若as if和as though从句所表示的内容可能为事实，则用陈述语气；若为假设或不大可能为事实，则用虚拟语气。 It looks as if the weather may be clear up very soon.看来天气很快就会好起来。 The teacher treated me as if I were her child.老师待我就像对自己的孩子一样。 【即时训练】 1.He was about to leave began to rain. A.while B.as C.before D.when 2. Many people won't realize the importance of their health they have lost it. A.after B.before C.until D.when 3. You had better not leave the medicine kids can get it. A.even if B.which C.where D.so that 4.We will have a sports meeting next Tuesday it rains. A.since B.if C.until D.unless 5.I didn't need to tell him the reason he could understand by his intelligence. A.though B.unless C.because D.when 6. He is studying English hard he can get a better grade in the coming exam. A.in order to B.so that C. so as to D.as long as 7.My sister was girl that she couldn't have cheated in the exam. A.such honest a B. so an honest C. so honest an D. such an honest 8. , his mother will wait for him to have dinner together. A. However late he was B.However he was late C. However is he late D. However late he is 9. Robin speaks Chinese well indeed, but of course not a native speaker. A. as fluent as B. more fluent than C. so fluently as D. much fluently than 10.He acted nothing had happened. A.if B.even if C.when D.as if 【考点4 主语从句】 在整个句子中充当主语成分的从句叫主语从句，可以由从属连词that、whether等引导，也可以由连接代词what、which、who、whom、whose、whatever、whoever等以及连接副词how、when、where、why、as等引导。详见下表。 分类 说明 例句 that引导的主语从句 that引导主语从句时，that并无意义，在从句中也不充当成分。 引导主语从句的连词that有时可省略，有时不能省略，其原则： （1）若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首，则that不能省略； （2）若that引导的主语从句位于句末，而在句首使用了形式主语it，则that可省略 That you didn't go to the talk was a pity.（that不可省略） ＝ It was a pity (that) you didn't go to the talk.（that可省略） 很遗憾你没去听报告。 如果整个句子是疑问形式，就只能用it结构 Is it true that he is the girl's father? 他是那女孩的父亲是真的吗？ Is it possible that they will come tomorrow? 他们明天有可能来吗？ whether引导的主语从句 主语从句只能用whether引导，不能用if引导 Whether we need more food depends on how many people turn up. 我们是否需要更多的食物，要视到场的人数而定。 Whether he will come is unknown. 他是否会来还不清楚。 wh-疑问词引导的主语从句 wh-疑问词引导的主语从句可以放在句首，也可以用it作形式主语。用哪一个疑问词取决于从句所缺的成分，但是what引导主语从句时，一般不用it作形式主语 Who will pick him up is not decided. 谁将去接他还没有决定。 How we will go there is a question. 我们怎么到那儿去还是个问题。 It is not clear why he did this. 他为什么这样做还不清楚。 常用it作形式主语的几种句型 ① ②It+be＋名词词组＋that从句 ③It＋及物动词＋宾语＋that从句 ④It+be＋过去分词＋that从句 It is clear that he was telling the truth. 很显然他说的是真话。 It's a pity that you can't go with us. 你不能和我们一起去，真是太遗憾了。 It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. 她的头发正在变白，这让她很担心。 It is said/reported that there will be a storm this evening. 据报道，今晚会有一场暴风雨。 特殊：以it作形式主语的主语从句与强调句的区别。 相同点：It be...that/who...的语言标志。 不同点： ① 在主语从句中，删掉其中的It be和that，剩余的部分成分不完整，结构和语意都不能成为一个句子；而在强调句中，若删掉It be和that后仍能构成一个完整的句子。 ② 翻译的区别，强调句译为汉语时可加上“正是······”或“就是······”之类的字眼，而主语从句不能。 比较下面两个句子。 It is surprising that Mary won the first place.（主语从句） 玛丽获得第一名是令人吃惊的。 It is Mary that has won the first place.（强调句） 是玛丽获得的第一名。 【即时训练】 1. you said at the meeting had a great influence on the students. A.That B. What C.When D. Why 2. is done can not be undone. A.That B.What C.Which D.It 3. is known to us all that the government has spared no efforts to save people from dying of the disease. A.This B.That C.What D.It 4. he will continue his education or find a job hasn't been decided. A.Whether B.If C.That D.Where 5.______ he will attend the meeting is not decided yet. A. If B. Whether C. That D. What 6.______ makes me happy is the warm support from my family. A. That B. Which C. What D. How 【考点5 表语从句、同位语从句】 一、表语从句 在复合句中充当表语，则该从句叫作表语从句。表语从句可以由从属连词that、whether 等，连接代词what、which、who等，连接副词how、when、where、why等，以及because、as if、as等引导。 The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 The question is whether they will be able to help us.问题是他们是否能帮我们。 This is what we should do.这是我们应该做的。 That's why he was sent to the hospital.那就是他被送到医院来的原因。 It looked as if it was going to rain，看起来天要下雨了。 二、同位语从句 分类 说明 例句 同位语从句 同位语从句用于表示名词的内容，对其加以解释或说明。这些名词往往是具有一定内容及含义的抽象名词，包括fact、promise、idea、news、decision、belief、plan、message、reason等，常用that引导 The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。 如果同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“是否”的含义，则应用whether引导同位语从句。if不能引导同位语从句 We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time. 我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。 如果同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“什么时候”“什么地点”“什么方式”等含义，应用when、where、how等词引导同位语从句 I have no idea when she will be back. 我不知道她何时回来。 I have no idea where he will go. 我不知道他要去哪里。 It is very difficult to answer your question how I did it. 你提出的我是怎样做的这个问题令我很难回答。 【即时训练】 1. That is I want to do for our country. A.that B.what C.whether D.which 2. The question is we need more water. A.if B.what C.whether D.which 3. The news the city was locked down surprised us. A.where B.what C.which D.that 4. We need to know the fact light travels faster than sound. A.where B.that C.which D.what 5. My question is ______ you will join us in the activity. A. that B. whether C. what D. how 6.There is no possibility ______ he will give up halfway. A. that B. whether C. If D.what （四川省2025年对口招生）I want to know ______ she will come back home. A. where B. when C. what D. that （四川省2025年对口招生）_____ they’ve had a very long walk, the children are still in high spirits. A. Although B. Because C. Until D. Unless （四川省2025年对口招生）I asked DeepSeek to recommend a job ______ is suitable for me. A. what B. which C. where D. why （四川省2024年对口招生） I really don’t understand ________ they are talking about. A. why B. how C. what D. that （四川省2024年对口招生）________we went to Beijing last summer, we visited the Great Wall. A. When B. Unless C. Though D. Whether （四川省2024年对口招生）My grandfather decided to give up smoking, ________was good news for my family. A. what B. whom C. which D. that （四川省2023年对口招生）You’re my best friend. I do believe ________ you told me. A. if B. whether C. that D. what （四川省2023年对口招生）You will never succeed ________ you try hard. A. as B. till C. while D. unless （四川省2023年对口招生）Taobao.com is a popular website ________ people can sell and buy goods easily. A. how B. why C. when D. where （四川省2022年对口招生）Do you know ________? A. where does Sally live B. where Sally lives C. where lives Sally D. Sally lives where （四川省2022年对口招生）Every morning I eat all the breakfast food ____ is prepared by Mom. A. what B. which C. that D. as （四川省2021年对口招生）I like the little child ______ handwriting is beautiful. A. that B. who C. whom D. whose （四川省2021年对口招生）It’s a fact ______ China has made great progress in space technology. A. that B. how C. what D. why 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $