内容正文:
编写说明:2027年陕西省(高职分类考试)《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练,在编写中融入支架式教学理念,紧扣陕西高职分类考试英语真题考情,将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单,以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础,再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强,实操性好,为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径,高效赋能备考提分。
本专题是2027年陕西省(高职分类考试)《英语一轮讲练测》的第1个专题,内容为冠词、名词与数词。
2027年陕西省(高职分类考试)
《英语一轮讲练测》复习讲义
专题01 冠词、名词与数词
目录
01 考情解码·命题预警
02 体系构建·思维可视
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚
考点1 冠词的用法
即时训练
考点2 数词的用法
即时训练
考点3 名词的用法
即时训练
04 真题溯源·考向感知
考点
内容解读
陕西省高职分类考试真题统计
2024年甲卷
2024年乙卷
不定冠词a/an的选用
考查根据单词首音素选用a或an。甲卷考an exam(元音音素/ɪ/开头),乙卷考a doctor(辅音音素/d/开头)。关键在判断发音而非拼写,常考点包括hour、honest等元音音素开头用an,university、European等元音字母但辅音音素开头用a。
(1)
(1)
可数/不可数名词
考查名词的可数性判断及修饰词搭配。甲卷第2题考how many后须接可数名词复数(books),选项中milk、corn、water均为不可数名词作干扰。学生需掌握how many + 复数可数名词与how much + 不可数名词的基本规则。
(2)
名词词义辨析
考查名词在具体语境中的词义选择。甲卷涉及cook(职业)、difference(make a difference)等;乙卷完形填空涉及guide、danger(in danger)、family等。此类题虽属词汇范畴,但在分类考试中占比较大,需重视日常积累。
(5)(6)
(12)(22)(26)(27)(30)
定冠词与零冠词
考查定冠词the和零冠词的基本用法。定冠词用于特指、乐器前、独一无二事物前等;零冠词用于固定搭配(go to school、by bus、at night等)。目前2024年真题中未直接设题,但阅读和完形中涉及较多,建议作为储备知识。
基数词与序数词
考查基数词的识记与简单运算。乙卷第11题以What is twenty and thirty?形式考查加法运算及fifty的识别。基数词基本认读及hundred/thousand等大数表达为备考要点。序数词虽未直接设题,但属于课程标准内容。
(11)
【考点1 冠词的用法】
冠词种类
使用规则说明
英文例句
例句中文翻译
不定冠词 a/an
1.表数量:含义相当于one(一个)
The hall can seat a thousand people.
这个大厅可容纳1000人。
There is a hole in the fence.
篱笆上有个洞。
2.表某个/任一/每一
A girl is waiting at the school gate.
有个女孩正在学校门口等待。
Take the medicine three times a day.
一天吃三次药。
3.单数名词前,指代一类事物中的一个
An ear is an organ for listening.
耳朵是听觉器官。
A child not only needs food and clothing but love as well.
孩子不仅需要衣食也需要关爱。
4.放在人名前:一位名叫……的人
A Mr White wants to see you this afternoon.
一个叫怀特的先生今天下午想见您。
5.固定短语搭配
have a cold / have a good time
感冒 / 玩得开心
补充:a接辅音音素开头单词;an接元音音素开头单词
a university / an hour
一所大学 / 一小时
定冠词 the
1.独一无二事物前
the sun、the earth
太阳、地球
2.双方都知晓的人/物前
Open the window, please.
请把窗户打开。
Please hand me the book on the desk.
请把桌上的书递给我。
3.序数词、形容词/副词最高级前
the third floor、the most beautiful campus
三楼、最美丽的校园
4.江河湖海、山脉、群岛专有名词前
the Yangtze River、the Pacific
长江、太平洋
5.西洋乐器名词前;中式拼音乐器不加the
play the piano / play erhu
弹钢琴 / 拉二胡
6.the+形容词:指代一类人,谓语用复数
the old / the poor
老年人 / 穷人
7.姓氏复数前:一家人/夫妇
the Greens
格林一家/格林夫妇
8.普通名词构成的专有地名、建筑前
the Great Wall、the Summer Palace
长城、颐和园
9.单数名词表一类事物
The tiger is a wild animal.
老虎是一种野生动物。
10.上文已经提及过的人或事物
I have been staying here for two weeks. The two weeks is wonderful.
我在这里待了两周了,这两周过得非常好。
11.固定句式:the+比较级,the+比较级(越…越…)
The more I read the book, the more I like it.
这本书我越看越喜欢。
12.固定词组搭配
in the middle of、by the way
在…中间、顺便说一下
零冠词(不加冠词)
1.名词前有物主代词、指示代词、some/many等限定词
This is my dress.
这是我的裙子。
2.不可数/复数名词泛指
Trees are good for the environment.
树木对环境有好处。
Water boils at 100℃.
水在摄氏100度下沸腾。
3.头衔、职务、称呼前
Professor Wang just came back from the United States.
王教授刚从美国回来。
4.带Day的节日名称前
Teachers’ Day、Children’s Day
教师节、儿童节
5.球类、棋类、一日三餐名词前
play football、have for supper
踢足球、吃晚饭
6.国名、城市、班级等专有名词前
China、Class One
中国、一班
7.季节、月份、星期前
in summer、on Friday
在夏天、在周五
8.by+交通工具、学科名词前
by car、like physics
坐汽车、喜欢物理
9.固定短语
at home、go to school、at table
在家、去上学、在用餐
易混辨析:at table(用餐)/at the table(在桌边);in hospital住院/in the hospital在医院
Don’t speak loudly when you are at table.
用餐时不要大声说话。
即时训练
1. There is ______ old photo on the wall of our classroom.( )
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】B
【解析】old以元音音素开头,且photo为可数名词单数,首次出现用an。
2. My brother wants to be ______ cook after he finishes school.( )
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】A
【解析】cook以辅音音素开头,表示职业身份中的一个,用a。
3. This is ______ useful dictionary for English beginners.( )
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】A
【解析】useful读音以/ju:/开头,为辅音音素,用a。
4. Tom had ______ egg and some bread for breakfast.( )
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】B
【解析】egg以元音音素开头,表示一个鸡蛋,用an。
5. We will have ______ one-hour class meeting this afternoon.( )
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】A
【解析】one-hour读音以/w/开头,为辅音音素,用a。
6. I like playing ______ basketball after school.( )
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】D
【解析】球类运动前通常不用冠词。
7. ______ sun rises in the east every morning.( )
A. A B. An C. The D. /
【答案】C
【解析】sun为独一无二的事物,用the。
8. Mary is ______ tallest girl in her class.( )
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】C
【解析】形容词最高级tallest前通常用the。
9. My sister can play ______ piano very well.( )
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】C
【解析】表示演奏乐器piano,常用play the piano。
10. We usually go to school by ______ bus.( )
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】D
【解析】by bus为交通方式固定表达,中间不用冠词。
【考点2 数词的用法】
1. 1-100基数词与序数词
数字
基数词
数字(序数形式)
序数词
数字
基数词
数字(序数形式)
序数词
1
one
1st
first
51
fifty - one
51st
fifty - first
2
two
2nd
second
52
fifty - two
52nd
fifty - second
3
three
3rd
third
53
fifty - three
53rd
fifty - third
4
four
4th
fourth
54
fifty - four
54th
fifty - fourth
5
five
5th
fifth
55
fifty - five
55th
fifty - fifth
6
six
6th
sixth
56
fifty - six
56th
fifty - sixth
7
seven
7th
seventh
57
fifty - seven
57th
fifty - seventh
8
eight
8th
eighth
58
fifty - eight
58th
fifty - eighth
9
nine
9th
ninth
59
fifty - nine
59th
fifty - ninth
10
ten
10th
tenth
60
sixty
60th
sixtieth
11
eleven
11th
eleventh
61
sixty - one
61st
sixty - first
12
twelve
12th
twelfth
62
sixty - two
62nd
sixty - second
13
thirteen
13th
thirteenth
63
sixty - three
63rd
sixty - third
14
fourteen
14th
fourteenth
64
sixty - four
64th
sixty - fourth
15
fifteen
15th
fifteenth
65
sixty - five
65th
sixty - fifth
16
sixteen
16th
sixteenth
66
sixty - six
66th
sixty - sixth
17
seventeen
17th
seventeenth
67
sixty - seven
67th
sixty - seventh
18
eighteen
18th
eighteenth
68
sixty - eight
68th
sixty - eighth
19
nineteen
19th
nineteenth
69
sixty - nine
69th
sixty - ninth
20
twenty
20th
twentieth
70
seventy
70th
seventieth
21
twenty - one
21st
twenty - first
71
seventy - one
71st
seventy - first
22
twenty - two
22nd
twenty - second
72
seventy - two
72nd
seventy - second
23
twenty - three
23rd
twenty - third
73
seventy - three
73rd
seventy - third
24
twenty - four
24th
twenty - fourth
74
seventy - four
74th
seventy - fourth
25
twenty - five
25th
twenty - fifth
75
seventy - five
75th
seventy - fifth
26
twenty - six
26th
twenty - sixth
76
seventy - six
76th
seventy - sixth
27
twenty - seven
27th
twenty - seventh
77
seventy - seven
77th
seventy - seventh
28
twenty - eight
28th
twenty - eighth
78
seventy - eight
78th
seventy - eighth
29
twenty - nine
29th
twenty - ninth
79
seventy - nine
79th
seventy - ninth
30
thirty
30th
thirtieth
80
eighty
80th
eightieth
31
thirty - one
31st
thirty - first
81
eighty - one
81st
eighty - first
32
thirty - two
32nd
thirty - second
82
eighty - two
82nd
eighty - second
33
thirty - three
33rd
thirty - third
83
eighty - three
83rd
eighty - third
34
thirty - four
34th
thirty - fourth
84
eighty - four
84th
eighty - fourth
35
thirty - five
35th
thirty - fifth
85
eighty - five
85th
eighty - fifth
36
thirty - six
36th
thirty - sixth
86
eighty - six
86th
eighty - sixth
37
thirty - seven
37th
thirty - seventh
87
eighty - seven
87th
eighty - seventh
38
thirty - eight
38th
thirty - eighth
88
eighty - eight
88th
eighty - eighth
39
thirty - nine
39th
thirty - ninth
89
eighty - nine
89th
eighty - ninth
40
forty
40th
fortieth
90
ninety
90th
ninetieth
41
forty - one
41st
forty - first
91
ninety - one
91st
ninety - first
42
forty - two
42nd
forty - second
92
ninety - two
92nd
ninety - second
43
forty - three
43rd
forty - third
93
ninety - three
93rd
ninety - third
44
forty - four
44th
forty - fourth
94
ninety - four
94th
ninety - fourth
45
forty - five
45th
forty - fifth
95
ninety - five
95th
ninety - fifth
46
forty - six
46th
forty - sixth
96
ninety - six
96th
ninety - sixth
47
forty - seven
47th
forty - seventh
97
ninety - seven
97th
ninety - seventh
48
forty - eight
48th
forty - eighth
98
ninety - eight
98th
ninety - eighth
49
forty - nine
49th
forty - ninth
99
ninety - nine
99th
ninety - ninth
50
fifty
50th
fiftieth
100
one hundred
100th
one hundredth
2.数词的应用
数词分类
用法细则
英文例句
中文翻译
基数词
1.表具体数字:hundred/thousand/million/billion不加s
three million
三百万
2.模糊概数:hundreds/thousands/millions + of,变复数
thousands of people
成千上万的人
序数词
表示事物顺序,常用搭配the+序数词
the third lesson
第三课
数词实际应用
①时刻:顺读法 时+分
8:15 eight fifteen
八点十五分
①时刻:≤30分,分+past+整点
7:16 sixteen past seven
七点十六分
①时刻:>30分,差额+to+下一个整点
11:45 fifteen to twelve
十一点四十五(差十五分十二点)
年份、日期读法
October the tenth,2021
2021年10月10日
年代:in the+整十数复数
in the 2020s
在21世纪20年代
年龄1:基数词+years old
I am 18 years old.
我十八岁。
年龄2:at the age of+基数词
at the age of seven
在七岁时
年龄3:复合形容词 数词-year-old(作定语,year单数)
an eight-year-old boy
一个八岁的男孩
年龄4:in one's+整十复数,在某人几十多岁
She is in her fifties.
她五十多岁。
数词实际应用
分数/小数/百分数
分数:子基母序,分子>1分母加s
two-fifths
五分之二
小数:point表示小数点,小数位逐个读
603.09 six hundred and three point zero nine
六百零三点零九
百分数:数字+percent,percent无复数
15 percent
百分之十五
倍数:once一次/一倍,twice两次/两倍,three times三次/三倍
twice a week
一周两次
编号表达
名词+基数词=the+序数词+名词
Lesson Three=the third lesson
第三课
数词句法功能
作主语
Six will be enough.
六个就够了。
作定语
the first month
第一个月份
作表语
Two times three is six.
二乘三等于六。
作宾语
Please pass me the third.
请递给我第三个。
即时训练
11. What is forty and ten? It is ______.( )
A. fourteen B. forty C. fifty D. fifteen
【答案】C
【解析】forty加ten等于fifty,注意fifty与fifteen拼写和意义不同。
12. Today is my brother's ______ birthday. He is ten years old.( )
A. ten B. tenth C. the ten D. tens
【答案】B
【解析】表示第十个生日用序数词tenth;前面已有物主代词my brother's,不再加the。
13. There are about two ______ workers in the factory.( )
A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundred of D. hundreds of
【答案】A
【解析】具体数字two后用hundred单数形式。
14. ______ students visited the museum last week.( )
A. Hundred B. Hundreds C. Hundreds of D. Two hundreds
【答案】C
【解析】表示概数“数百名”用hundreds of。
15. Room 306 is on the ______ floor of this building.( )
A. three B. third C. thirteen D. thirty
【答案】B
【解析】表示楼层顺序用序数词third。
【考点3 名词的用法】
1. 名词分类、可数名词&不可数名词
一、名词两大分类
1.专有名词(独一无二,首字母大写)
分类+例句
1)人名:Li Ming, Tom, Jack
2)地名:Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
3)节日:Spring Festival, Teachers’ Day
4)国家/机构:the United States, No.1 Middle School
2.普通名词
(1)可数名词:能直接数出个数,有单数、复数
个体名词:student, pen, apple, desk
集体名词:family, class, team, police
补充:集体名词考点(江西三校生高频)
强调整体(单数):My family ______ a big one. 我的家庭是个大家庭。
强调成员(复数):My family ______ watching TV. 我的家人正在看电视。
(2)不可数名词:无法直接计数,无复数,不能单独加a/an
1)物质名词(材料、液体、食物)
water, rice, bread, milk, paper, meat, wood
2)抽象名词(情感、健康、建议、消息)
health, happiness, advice, news, information, trouble
二、不可数名词量化表达
不可数名词不能直接加数字,需要量词短语
量词结构
例句
a piece of + 不可数名词
a piece of news 一条消息
a piece of bread 一片面包
a bottle of
a bottle of milk 一瓶牛奶
a glass of
a glass of water 一杯水
two kilos of
two kilos of rice 两公斤大米
三、易混名词:既可数又不可数(词义不同)
1. chicken
可数:小鸡 a chicken;不可数:鸡肉
2. orange
可数:橙子 an orange;不可数:橙汁
3. glass
可数:玻璃杯 two glasses;不可数:玻璃
4. paper
可数:试卷、论文 a paper;不可数:纸张
2. 可数名词复数变化规则
一、规则变化(表格)
变化规则
例词
1.一般名词直接+s
book→books;pen→pens;student→students
2. s/x/ch/sh/o结尾+es
bus→buses;box→boxes;watch→watches;brush→brushes;tomato→tomatoes;potato→potatoes
3.辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i+es
city→cities;family→families;country→countries
4.元音字母+y结尾,直接+s
boy→boys;toy→toys;day→days
5. f/fe结尾,变f/fe为v+es
knife→knives;leaf→leaves;wife→wives;wolf→wolves
二、特殊不规则复数(江西三校生必考,强制背诵)
1. 单复数同形:sheep绵羊;deer鹿;fish鱼(同种类)
2. 内部元音变化:man→men;woman→women;foot→feet;tooth→teeth;child→children
3. 外来词:mouse→mice老鼠
4. 以o结尾只加s(无生命):photo→photos;radio→radios;piano→pianos
三、名词作定语只用单数
sport sports shoes(特例),其余一律单数:
apple tree → two apple trees;girl student → five girl students
3. 名词所有格
一、’s所有格(人、动物、时间、地点)
1. 单数名词直接+’s
Tom’s bag 汤姆的包;today’s newspaper 今天的报纸
2. 以s结尾复数名词只加’
the students’ classroom 学生们的教室
3. 不以s结尾复数名词加’s
children’s park 儿童公园;men’s room 男卫生间
4. 两人共有物品,只在后一个名词加’s
Lucy and Lily’s room 露西和莉莉共有的房间
两人各自拥有物品,两个名词都加’s
Lucy’s and Lily’s bags 露西和莉莉各自的书包
二、of所有格(无生命物品)
the door of the classroom 教室的门
the window of the house 房子的窗户
三、双重所有格(of + 名词性物主代词/名词’s)
结构:a/an + 单数名词 + of + 名词性物主代词 / 名词’s
a friend of mine 我的一位朋友
a student of Tom’s 汤姆的一名学生
即时训练
16. How many ______ are there in the school library?( )
A. book B. books C. milk D. water
【答案】B
【解析】how many后接可数名词复数,books符合。
17. There are three ______ in Mr. Li's family.( )
A. child B. childs C. children D. childrens
【答案】C
【解析】child的复数是不规则形式children。
18. I need ______ about the new machine.( )
A. an information B. many information C. some information D. informations
【答案】C
【解析】information为不可数名词,不能用an或复数形式,可用some修饰。
19. My mother bought two ______ of milk this morning.( )
A. bottle B. bottles C. piece D. pieces
【答案】B
【解析】two后接可数名词复数,two bottles of milk表示两瓶牛奶。
20. The students are reading interesting ______ in the classroom.( )
A. story B. storys C. stories D. storyes
【答案】C
【解析】story以辅音字母+y结尾,复数变y为i加-es。
1. (2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题甲(A)第1题)I will have ______ exam tomorrow, so I can't go to the party with you.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】B
【解析】exam以元音音素开头,且表示一次考试,应用an。
2. (2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题甲(A)第2题)How many ______ do you want to buy?
A. books B. milk C. corn D. water
【答案】A
【解析】how many后接可数名词复数;milk、corn、water在此均为不可数名词。
3. (2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题乙(A)第1题)I want to be ______ doctor when I grow old.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】A
【解析】doctor以辅音音素开头,表示职业身份中的一个,用a。
4. (2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题乙(A)第11题)—What is twenty and thirty? —______.
A. Fifty B. Forty C. Fourteen D. Fifteen
【答案】A
【解析】twenty加thirty等于fifty。该题考查基数词含义与拼写辨析。
5. (改编自2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题甲(A)语法填空第47题)There are three ______ (child) in the family.
A. child B. childs C. children D. childrens
【答案】C
【解析】child的复数为children,不加-s。
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编写说明:2027年陕西省(高职分类考试)《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练,在编写中融入支架式教学理念,紧扣陕西高职分类考试英语真题考情,将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单,以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础,再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强,实操性好,为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径,高效赋能备考提分。
本专题是2027年陕西省(高职分类考试)《英语一轮讲练测》的第1个专题,内容为冠词、名词与数词。
2027年陕西省(高职分类考试)
《英语一轮讲练测》复习讲义
专题01 冠词、名词与数词
目录
01 考情解码·命题预警
02 体系构建·思维可视
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚
考点1 冠词的用法
即时训练
考点2 数词的用法
即时训练
考点3 名词的用法
即时训练
04 真题溯源·考向感知
考点
内容解读
陕西省高职分类考试真题统计
2024年甲卷
2024年乙卷
不定冠词a/an的选用
考查根据单词首音素选用a或an。甲卷考an exam(元音音素/ɪ/开头),乙卷考a doctor(辅音音素/d/开头)。关键在判断发音而非拼写,常考点包括hour、honest等元音音素开头用an,university、European等元音字母但辅音音素开头用a。
(1)
(1)
可数/不可数名词
考查名词的可数性判断及修饰词搭配。甲卷第2题考how many后须接可数名词复数(books),选项中milk、corn、water均为不可数名词作干扰。学生需掌握how many + 复数可数名词与how much + 不可数名词的基本规则。
(2)
名词词义辨析
考查名词在具体语境中的词义选择。甲卷涉及cook(职业)、difference(make a difference)等;乙卷完形填空涉及guide、danger(in danger)、family等。此类题虽属词汇范畴,但在分类考试中占比较大,需重视日常积累。
(5)(6)
(12)(22)(26)(27)(30)
定冠词与零冠词
考查定冠词the和零冠词的基本用法。定冠词用于特指、乐器前、独一无二事物前等;零冠词用于固定搭配(go to school、by bus、at night等)。目前2024年真题中未直接设题,但阅读和完形中涉及较多,建议作为储备知识。
基数词与序数词
考查基数词的识记与简单运算。乙卷第11题以What is twenty and thirty?形式考查加法运算及fifty的识别。基数词基本认读及hundred/thousand等大数表达为备考要点。序数词虽未直接设题,但属于课程标准内容。
(11)
【考点1 冠词的用法】
冠词种类
使用规则说明
英文例句
例句中文翻译
不定冠词 a/an
1.表数量:含义相当于one(一个)
The hall can seat a thousand people.
这个大厅可容纳1000人。
There is a hole in the fence.
篱笆上有个洞。
2.表某个/任一/每一
A girl is waiting at the school gate.
有个女孩正在学校门口等待。
Take the medicine three times a day.
一天吃三次药。
3.单数名词前,指代一类事物中的一个
An ear is an organ for listening.
耳朵是听觉器官。
A child not only needs food and clothing but love as well.
孩子不仅需要衣食也需要关爱。
4.放在人名前:一位名叫……的人
A Mr White wants to see you this afternoon.
一个叫怀特的先生今天下午想见您。
5.固定短语搭配
have a cold / have a good time
感冒 / 玩得开心
补充:a接辅音音素开头单词;an接元音音素开头单词
a university / an hour
一所大学 / 一小时
定冠词 the
1.独一无二事物前
the sun、the earth
太阳、地球
2.双方都知晓的人/物前
Open the window, please.
请把窗户打开。
Please hand me the book on the desk.
请把桌上的书递给我。
3.序数词、形容词/副词最高级前
the third floor、the most beautiful campus
三楼、最美丽的校园
4.江河湖海、山脉、群岛专有名词前
the Yangtze River、the Pacific
长江、太平洋
5.西洋乐器名词前;中式拼音乐器不加the
play the piano / play erhu
弹钢琴 / 拉二胡
6.the+形容词:指代一类人,谓语用复数
the old / the poor
老年人 / 穷人
7.姓氏复数前:一家人/夫妇
the Greens
格林一家/格林夫妇
8.普通名词构成的专有地名、建筑前
the Great Wall、the Summer Palace
长城、颐和园
9.单数名词表一类事物
The tiger is a wild animal.
老虎是一种野生动物。
10.上文已经提及过的人或事物
I have been staying here for two weeks. The two weeks is wonderful.
我在这里待了两周了,这两周过得非常好。
11.固定句式:the+比较级,the+比较级(越…越…)
The more I read the book, the more I like it.
这本书我越看越喜欢。
12.固定词组搭配
in the middle of、by the way
在…中间、顺便说一下
零冠词(不加冠词)
1.名词前有物主代词、指示代词、some/many等限定词
This is my dress.
这是我的裙子。
2.不可数/复数名词泛指
Trees are good for the environment.
树木对环境有好处。
Water boils at 100℃.
水在摄氏100度下沸腾。
3.头衔、职务、称呼前
Professor Wang just came back from the United States.
王教授刚从美国回来。
4.带Day的节日名称前
Teachers’ Day、Children’s Day
教师节、儿童节
5.球类、棋类、一日三餐名词前
play football、have for supper
踢足球、吃晚饭
6.国名、城市、班级等专有名词前
China、Class One
中国、一班
7.季节、月份、星期前
in summer、on Friday
在夏天、在周五
8.by+交通工具、学科名词前
by car、like physics
坐汽车、喜欢物理
9.固定短语
at home、go to school、at table
在家、去上学、在用餐
易混辨析:at table(用餐)/at the table(在桌边);in hospital住院/in the hospital在医院
Don’t speak loudly when you are at table.
用餐时不要大声说话。
即时训练
1. There is ______ old photo on the wall of our classroom.( )
A. a B. an C. the D. /
2. My brother wants to be ______ cook after he finishes school.( )
A. a B. an C. the D. /
3. This is ______ useful dictionary for English beginners.( )
A. a B. an C. the D. /
4. Tom had ______ egg and some bread for breakfast.( )
A. a B. an C. the D. /
5. We will have ______ one-hour class meeting this afternoon.( )
A. a B. an C. the D. /
6. I like playing ______ basketball after school.( )
A. a B. an C. the D. /
7. ______ sun rises in the east every morning.( )
A. A B. An C. The D. /
8. Mary is ______ tallest girl in her class.( )
A. a B. an C. the D. /
9. My sister can play ______ piano very well.( )
A. a B. an C. the D. /
10. We usually go to school by ______ bus.( )
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【考点2 数词的用法】
1. 1-100基数词与序数词
数字
基数词
数字(序数形式)
序数词
数字
基数词
数字(序数形式)
序数词
1
one
1st
first
51
fifty - one
51st
fifty - first
2
two
2nd
second
52
fifty - two
52nd
fifty - second
3
three
3rd
third
53
fifty - three
53rd
fifty - third
4
four
4th
fourth
54
fifty - four
54th
fifty - fourth
5
five
5th
fifth
55
fifty - five
55th
fifty - fifth
6
six
6th
sixth
56
fifty - six
56th
fifty - sixth
7
seven
7th
seventh
57
fifty - seven
57th
fifty - seventh
8
eight
8th
eighth
58
fifty - eight
58th
fifty - eighth
9
nine
9th
ninth
59
fifty - nine
59th
fifty - ninth
10
ten
10th
tenth
60
sixty
60th
sixtieth
11
eleven
11th
eleventh
61
sixty - one
61st
sixty - first
12
twelve
12th
twelfth
62
sixty - two
62nd
sixty - second
13
thirteen
13th
thirteenth
63
sixty - three
63rd
sixty - third
14
fourteen
14th
fourteenth
64
sixty - four
64th
sixty - fourth
15
fifteen
15th
fifteenth
65
sixty - five
65th
sixty - fifth
16
sixteen
16th
sixteenth
66
sixty - six
66th
sixty - sixth
17
seventeen
17th
seventeenth
67
sixty - seven
67th
sixty - seventh
18
eighteen
18th
eighteenth
68
sixty - eight
68th
sixty - eighth
19
nineteen
19th
nineteenth
69
sixty - nine
69th
sixty - ninth
20
twenty
20th
twentieth
70
seventy
70th
seventieth
21
twenty - one
21st
twenty - first
71
seventy - one
71st
seventy - first
22
twenty - two
22nd
twenty - second
72
seventy - two
72nd
seventy - second
23
twenty - three
23rd
twenty - third
73
seventy - three
73rd
seventy - third
24
twenty - four
24th
twenty - fourth
74
seventy - four
74th
seventy - fourth
25
twenty - five
25th
twenty - fifth
75
seventy - five
75th
seventy - fifth
26
twenty - six
26th
twenty - sixth
76
seventy - six
76th
seventy - sixth
27
twenty - seven
27th
twenty - seventh
77
seventy - seven
77th
seventy - seventh
28
twenty - eight
28th
twenty - eighth
78
seventy - eight
78th
seventy - eighth
29
twenty - nine
29th
twenty - ninth
79
seventy - nine
79th
seventy - ninth
30
thirty
30th
thirtieth
80
eighty
80th
eightieth
31
thirty - one
31st
thirty - first
81
eighty - one
81st
eighty - first
32
thirty - two
32nd
thirty - second
82
eighty - two
82nd
eighty - second
33
thirty - three
33rd
thirty - third
83
eighty - three
83rd
eighty - third
34
thirty - four
34th
thirty - fourth
84
eighty - four
84th
eighty - fourth
35
thirty - five
35th
thirty - fifth
85
eighty - five
85th
eighty - fifth
36
thirty - six
36th
thirty - sixth
86
eighty - six
86th
eighty - sixth
37
thirty - seven
37th
thirty - seventh
87
eighty - seven
87th
eighty - seventh
38
thirty - eight
38th
thirty - eighth
88
eighty - eight
88th
eighty - eighth
39
thirty - nine
39th
thirty - ninth
89
eighty - nine
89th
eighty - ninth
40
forty
40th
fortieth
90
ninety
90th
ninetieth
41
forty - one
41st
forty - first
91
ninety - one
91st
ninety - first
42
forty - two
42nd
forty - second
92
ninety - two
92nd
ninety - second
43
forty - three
43rd
forty - third
93
ninety - three
93rd
ninety - third
44
forty - four
44th
forty - fourth
94
ninety - four
94th
ninety - fourth
45
forty - five
45th
forty - fifth
95
ninety - five
95th
ninety - fifth
46
forty - six
46th
forty - sixth
96
ninety - six
96th
ninety - sixth
47
forty - seven
47th
forty - seventh
97
ninety - seven
97th
ninety - seventh
48
forty - eight
48th
forty - eighth
98
ninety - eight
98th
ninety - eighth
49
forty - nine
49th
forty - ninth
99
ninety - nine
99th
ninety - ninth
50
fifty
50th
fiftieth
100
one hundred
100th
one hundredth
2.数词的应用
数词分类
用法细则
英文例句
中文翻译
基数词
1.表具体数字:hundred/thousand/million/billion不加s
three million
三百万
2.模糊概数:hundreds/thousands/millions + of,变复数
thousands of people
成千上万的人
序数词
表示事物顺序,常用搭配the+序数词
the third lesson
第三课
数词实际应用
①时刻:顺读法 时+分
8:15 eight fifteen
八点十五分
①时刻:≤30分,分+past+整点
7:16 sixteen past seven
七点十六分
①时刻:>30分,差额+to+下一个整点
11:45 fifteen to twelve
十一点四十五(差十五分十二点)
年份、日期读法
October the tenth,2021
2021年10月10日
年代:in the+整十数复数
in the 2020s
在21世纪20年代
年龄1:基数词+years old
I am 18 years old.
我十八岁。
年龄2:at the age of+基数词
at the age of seven
在七岁时
年龄3:复合形容词 数词-year-old(作定语,year单数)
an eight-year-old boy
一个八岁的男孩
年龄4:in one's+整十复数,在某人几十多岁
She is in her fifties.
她五十多岁。
数词实际应用
分数/小数/百分数
分数:子基母序,分子>1分母加s
two-fifths
五分之二
小数:point表示小数点,小数位逐个读
603.09 six hundred and three point zero nine
六百零三点零九
百分数:数字+percent,percent无复数
15 percent
百分之十五
倍数:once一次/一倍,twice两次/两倍,three times三次/三倍
twice a week
一周两次
编号表达
名词+基数词=the+序数词+名词
Lesson Three=the third lesson
第三课
数词句法功能
作主语
Six will be enough.
六个就够了。
作定语
the first month
第一个月份
作表语
Two times three is six.
二乘三等于六。
作宾语
Please pass me the third.
请递给我第三个。
即时训练
11. What is forty and ten? It is ______.( )
A. fourteen B. forty C. fifty D. fifteen
12. Today is my brother's ______ birthday. He is ten years old.( )
A. ten B. tenth C. the ten D. tens
13. There are about two ______ workers in the factory.( )
A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundred of D. hundreds of
14. ______ students visited the museum last week.( )
A. Hundred B. Hundreds C. Hundreds of D. Two hundreds
15. Room 306 is on the ______ floor of this building.( )
A. three B. third C. thirteen D. thirty
【考点3 名词的用法】
1. 名词分类、可数名词&不可数名词
一、名词两大分类
1.专有名词(独一无二,首字母大写)
分类+例句
1)人名:Li Ming, Tom, Jack
2)地名:Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
3)节日:Spring Festival, Teachers’ Day
4)国家/机构:the United States, No.1 Middle School
2.普通名词
(1)可数名词:能直接数出个数,有单数、复数
个体名词:student, pen, apple, desk
集体名词:family, class, team, police
补充:集体名词考点(江西三校生高频)
强调整体(单数):My family ______ a big one. 我的家庭是个大家庭。
强调成员(复数):My family ______ watching TV. 我的家人正在看电视。
(2)不可数名词:无法直接计数,无复数,不能单独加a/an
1)物质名词(材料、液体、食物)
water, rice, bread, milk, paper, meat, wood
2)抽象名词(情感、健康、建议、消息)
health, happiness, advice, news, information, trouble
二、不可数名词量化表达
不可数名词不能直接加数字,需要量词短语
量词结构
例句
a piece of + 不可数名词
a piece of news 一条消息
a piece of bread 一片面包
a bottle of
a bottle of milk 一瓶牛奶
a glass of
a glass of water 一杯水
two kilos of
two kilos of rice 两公斤大米
三、易混名词:既可数又不可数(词义不同)
1. chicken
可数:小鸡 a chicken;不可数:鸡肉
2. orange
可数:橙子 an orange;不可数:橙汁
3. glass
可数:玻璃杯 two glasses;不可数:玻璃
4. paper
可数:试卷、论文 a paper;不可数:纸张
2. 可数名词复数变化规则
一、规则变化(表格)
变化规则
例词
1.一般名词直接+s
book→books;pen→pens;student→students
2. s/x/ch/sh/o结尾+es
bus→buses;box→boxes;watch→watches;brush→brushes;tomato→tomatoes;potato→potatoes
3.辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i+es
city→cities;family→families;country→countries
4.元音字母+y结尾,直接+s
boy→boys;toy→toys;day→days
5. f/fe结尾,变f/fe为v+es
knife→knives;leaf→leaves;wife→wives;wolf→wolves
二、特殊不规则复数(江西三校生必考,强制背诵)
1. 单复数同形:sheep绵羊;deer鹿;fish鱼(同种类)
2. 内部元音变化:man→men;woman→women;foot→feet;tooth→teeth;child→children
3. 外来词:mouse→mice老鼠
4. 以o结尾只加s(无生命):photo→photos;radio→radios;piano→pianos
三、名词作定语只用单数
sport sports shoes(特例),其余一律单数:
apple tree → two apple trees;girl student → five girl students
3. 名词所有格
一、’s所有格(人、动物、时间、地点)
1. 单数名词直接+’s
Tom’s bag 汤姆的包;today’s newspaper 今天的报纸
2. 以s结尾复数名词只加’
the students’ classroom 学生们的教室
3. 不以s结尾复数名词加’s
children’s park 儿童公园;men’s room 男卫生间
4. 两人共有物品,只在后一个名词加’s
Lucy and Lily’s room 露西和莉莉共有的房间
两人各自拥有物品,两个名词都加’s
Lucy’s and Lily’s bags 露西和莉莉各自的书包
二、of所有格(无生命物品)
the door of the classroom 教室的门
the window of the house 房子的窗户
三、双重所有格(of + 名词性物主代词/名词’s)
结构:a/an + 单数名词 + of + 名词性物主代词 / 名词’s
a friend of mine 我的一位朋友
a student of Tom’s 汤姆的一名学生
即时训练
16. How many ______ are there in the school library?( )
A. book B. books C. milk D. water
17. There are three ______ in Mr. Li's family.( )
A. child B. childs C. children D. childrens
18. I need ______ about the new machine.( )
A. an information B. many information C. some information D. informations
19. My mother bought two ______ of milk this morning.( )
A. bottle B. bottles C. piece D. pieces
20. The students are reading interesting ______ in the classroom.( )
A. story B. storys C. stories D. storyes
1. (2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题甲(A)第1题)I will have ______ exam tomorrow, so I can't go to the party with you.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
2. (2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题甲(A)第2题)How many ______ do you want to buy?
A. books B. milk C. corn D. water
3. (2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题乙(A)第1题)I want to be ______ doctor when I grow old.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
4. (2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题乙(A)第11题)—What is twenty and thirty? —______.
A. Fifty B. Forty C. Fourteen D. Fifteen
5. (改编自2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题甲(A)语法填空第47题)There are three ______ (child) in the family.
A. child B. childs C. children D. childrens
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