内容正文:
编写说明:2027年陕西省(高职分类考试)《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练,在编写中融入支架式教学理念,紧扣陕西高职分类考试英语真题考情,将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单,以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础,再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强,实操性好,为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径,高效赋能备考提分。
本专题是2027年陕西省(高职分类考试)《英语一轮讲练测》的第7个专题,内容为主谓一致、There be与基础句式。
2027年陕西省(高职分类考试)
《英语一轮讲练测》复习讲义
专题07 主谓一致、There be与基础句式
目录
01 考情解码·命题预警
02 体系构建·思维可视
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚
考点1 主谓一致
即时训练
考点2 There be句型
即时训练
考点3 基础句式
即时训练
04 真题溯源·考向感知
考点
内容解读
陕西省高职分类考试真题统计
2024年甲卷
2024年乙卷
主谓一致
考查主语与谓语在数和人称上的一致性。乙卷Q5考each of + 复数名词接单数谓语(gets);乙卷Q18考half of + 复数名词接复数谓语(are)。需掌握不定代词作主语、数量词修饰主语和就近原则等核心规则,并注意排除时间状语等干扰信息。
(5)(18)
There be 句型
考查There be句型的基本结构和疑问形式。乙卷Q6考特殊疑问句How many girls are there?的语序和be动词与主语一致。需掌握There be的就近原则和there is/are的肯定、否定、疑问句转换。
(6)
祈使句与感叹句
祈使句考查肯定形式(动词原形开头)和否定形式(Don’t + 动词原形),乙卷Q10考Don’t come late。感叹句考查What和How引导的两种结构:乙卷Q19考What a fine day!(What + a + 名词),甲卷Q9考How lucky we are!(How + 形容词 + 主谓)。
(9)
(10)(19)
反义疑问句与定语从句
反义疑问句考查“前肯后否、前否后肯”原则,甲卷Q19考it is hot today, isn’t it?。定语从句考查关系代词who的选择,乙卷Q17考who指代先行词the boy在从句中作主语。两类均为基础句式中的重要组成部分。
(19)
(17)
主谓一致重点掌握三条规则:一是each/every/nobody等不定代词作主语时谓语用单数;二是half of/most of + 复数名词时谓语用复数;三是就近原则(not only...but also等)。
There be句型重点掌握be动词与最近主语一致和疑问句的语序转换。
基础句式部分重点掌握四类:一是祈使句(肯定用动词原形开头、否定用Don’t + 动词原形);二是感叹句(What + (a/an) + 名词 + 主谓 / How + 形容词/副词 + 主谓);三是反义疑问句(前肯后否、前否后肯规则);四是定语从句关系代词的选择。
建议以“公式化规则+典型例句操练”为主线,将三类考点制成对照表格反复强化,特别注意each of和half of的主谓一致区别。
【考点 1 主谓一致】
一、主谓一致总纲
主谓一致:英语句子中,谓语动词的单复数、人称形式必须和句子真正主语保持一致,修饰主语的定语、插入语、状语均不改变主语单复数属性。
高考三大核心判定原则:语法一致、意义一致、就近/就远一致
二、原则一:语法一致
核心规则:单数主语配单数谓语,复数主语配复数谓语,形式严格对应。
1. 单数主语:可数名词单数、不可数名词、单数代词,谓语动词用单数
例:The book is mine. / Water is important.
2. 复数主语:可数名词复数、复数代词,谓语动词用复数
例:These apples are red.
3. 高频必考:不定代词一律单数
everything/nothing/something/anything
everyone/everybody/no one/nobody/someone
✅ 以上词作主语,谓语永远用单数
例:Everyone has a dream.
三、原则二:意义一致
核心规则:主语形式为单数,但语义为复数,谓语用复数;主语形式复数,语义单数,谓语用单数。
1. 集体名词(重中之重)
family / class / team / group / school / crowd
① 表整体、团体:单数谓语
例:My family is a big one.(整体家庭)
② 表内部成员、个体:复数谓语
例:My family are watching TV.(家人各自在看)
2. 复数形式、单数语义名词
学科类:maths/physics/politics
新闻、钱财、时间、距离、重量:news/money/time/five years
✅ 一律单数谓语
例:Five years is a short time.
3. The + 形容词
表一类人(the old老人/the poor穷人),语义复数,谓语复数
例:The old are taken good care of.
四、原则三:就近/就远一致
(一)就近原则:谓语随最近的主语变
适用句型:there be / here be / either…or… / neither…nor… / not only…but also…
例:Neither you nor he is wrong.(就近he单数)
例:Not only the students but also the teacher is coming.(就近teacher单数)
(二)就远原则:谓语随前面真正主语变
适用修饰短语:as well as / together with / along with / besides / except / but
✅ 口诀:修饰成分插入句,谓语只看老主语
例:The teacher, as well as the students, is coming.(真正主语the teacher单数)
五、超高频特殊主谓一致特例
1. 并列主语
① 两个不同名词and并列,表不同事物:复数谓语
② 两个名词指代同一人/同一事物(bread and butter):单数谓语
2. 分数、百分数句式
结构:分数/百分数 + of + 名词
✅ 谓语单复数由of后的名词决定
例:Two thirds of the water is clean.(water不可数单数)
例:Thirty percent of the students are boys.(students复数)
3. 单复数同形名词
sheep/deer/fish(表条数):根据语境判单复数
4. 不定式、动名词、从句作主语
一律视作单数,谓语用单数
例:Reading books is helpful.
即时训练
1. The teacher with two students ______ in the office now.( )
A. is B. are C. be D. were
2. Reading books ______ a good way to learn new words.( )
A. are B. is C. be D. were
3. Neither my sister nor I ______ good at dancing.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
4. Three years ______ a long time for a student.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
5. Two thirds of the apples ______ bad.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【考点2 There be 句型】
一、There be句型核心本质
1. 核心含义
There be句型为存在句型,专门表示:某地有某物、某时发生某事,强调“存在”,无“拥有”含义。
2. 绝对核心区别(最高频考点)
✅ There be:某地存在……(无拥有者)
✅ have/has:某人/某物拥有……(有拥有者)
❌ 绝对错误:There have/has (句式混搭,永久错误)
3. 万能基础公式
There + be动词(am/is/are/was/were) + 主语(名词) + 地点/时间状语
二、核心句式结构(肯定、否定、疑问)
1. 肯定句
结构:There + be + 名词 + 地点
例句:There is a book on the desk.
例句:There are two pens on the desk.
2. 否定句(必考)
结构:There + be + not + 名词 + 地点
例句:There isn’t any water in the bottle.
例句:There aren’t any students in the classroom.
3. 一般疑问句
结构:Be + there + 名词 + 地点?
回答:Yes, there is/are. / No, there isn’t/aren’t.
例句:—Is there a hospital near here?
—Yes, there is.
4. 特殊疑问句
常用提问:What’s + 地点?(某地有什么)
例句:—What’s in the box?
—There are some apples.
三、四大时态完整变式
1. 一般现在时:There is/are
表现阶段常态存在
例:There are many trees in our school.
2. 一般过去时:There was/were
表过去存在,现在可能已消失
例:There was a small village here ten years ago.
3. 一般将来时:There will be / There is going to be
高频易错:将来时无There are going to be(单数统一is going to be)
例:There will be a sports meeting next week.
4. 现在完成时:There have/has been
例:There has been a big change in our city.
四、就近原则
核心规则:There be句型中,be动词的单复数由紧跟be动词的第一个名词决定,和后面并列名词无关!
口诀:看前不看后,看近不看远
例1:There is a pen and two books on the desk.(就近a pen单数)
例2:There are two books and a pen on the desk.(就近two books复数)
高频易错警示
很多学生根据后面所有名词总数判断,一律改错,必须严格遵循就近判定!
五、终极易错点汇总
1. 禁止混搭:永远没有 There have / There has 句式
2. 可数不可数区分:不可数名词(water/money/time)一律用is/was
3. some/any用法:肯定句用some,否定、疑问句用any
4. 将来时固定结构:只能用There will be / There is going to be
即时训练
6. There ______ a library and two labs in our school.( )
A. is B. are C. be D. were
7. How many students ______ in the reading room?( )
A. is there B. there is C. are there D. there are
8. There ______ some milk in the glass.( )
A. are B. is C. were D. be
9. ______ there any pictures on the wall?( )
A. Is B. Are C. Do D. Does
10. There ______ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.( )
A. will have B. is going to have C. will be D. has
【考点3 基础句式】
一、按用途分类
1. 陈述句:用于陈述事实或表达观点。
形式
结构
示例
肯定陈述句
主语 + 谓语
I am a student. / He likes music.
否定陈述句
主语 + be + not / 助动词 + not + 动词
I am not a student. / He doesn't like music.
2. 疑问句:用于提出问题。
(1)一般疑问句:用yes/no回答。
结构
示例
Be + 主语 + ...?
Are you a student?
情态动词 + 主语 + ...?
Can you swim?
助动词 + 主语 + ...?
Do you like music? / Have you finished?
(2)特殊疑问句:以疑问词开头,询问特定信息。
疑问词
用途
示例
What
询问事物
What is your name?
Who
询问人
Who is he?
Whose
询问所属
Whose book is this?
Which
询问选择
Which one do you want?
Where
询问地点
Where do you live?
When
询问时间
When will you come?
Why
询问原因
Why are you late?
How
询问方式/程度
How are you? / How many books?
(3)选择疑问句:提供两个或多个选项,用or连接。
结构:一般疑问句 + or + 选项?
例:Is he a teacher or a student?
例:Do you like tea or coffee?
(4)反意疑问句:附在陈述句后的简短问句。
结构:肯定陈述句 + 否定反问?/ 否定陈述句 + 肯定反问?
规则:
前肯后否:He is a student, isn't he?
前否后肯:He isn't a student, is he?
注意:
陈述句部分含no, never, nothing, nobody, hardly, seldom等否定词时,视为否定,反问部分用肯定。
例:He never comes late, does he?
祈使句后的反意疑问句用will you或won't you。
例:Open the door, will you?
3. 祈使句:用于表达命令、请求、建议等。
形式
结构
示例
肯定祈使句
动词原形 + ...
Open the door. / Please sit down.
否定祈使句
Don't + 动词原形 + ...
Don't open the door. / Don't be late.
4. 感叹句:用于表达强烈的感情。
(1)What引导的感叹句:
结构:What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
名词类型
结构
示例
可数名词单数
What + a/an + adj. + 单数名词 + 主谓!
What a beautiful flower it is!
可数名词复数
What + adj. + 复数名词 + 主谓!
What beautiful flowers they are!
不可数名词
What + adj. + 不可数名词 + 主谓!
What fine weather it is!
(2)How引导的感叹句:
结构:How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语!
例:
How beautiful the flower is!
How fast he runs!
注意:How也可以修饰动词,结构为:How + 主语 + 谓语!
How time flies! 时间过得真快!
二、按结构分类
1. 简单句:只包含一个主谓结构。
五种基本句型:
句型类型
结构
示例
主谓(S+V)
主语+不及物动词(无宾语)
The sun rises.
They laughed.
主系表(S+V+P)
主语+连系动词+表语
It sounds wonderful.
She is happy.
主谓宾(S+V+O)
主语+及物动词+宾语
We should turn off lights.
He likes English.
主谓双宾(S+V+IO+DO)
主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
He gave me a book.
She told us a story.
主谓宾宾补(S+V+O+C)
主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
I saw her sitting.
We keep the room clean.
2. 并列句:由并列连词连接两个或多个简单句。
常用并列连词:
顺承关系:and, not only...but also...(不仅……而且……)
转折关系:but, yet, while(而)
选择关系:or, either...or...(要么……要么……)
因果关系:for, so
例:
He is a teacher, and she is a doctor. 他是老师,她是医生。
I like music, but he likes sports. 我喜欢音乐,但他喜欢运动。
Hurry up, or you will be late. 快点,否则你会迟到。
3. 复合句:包含一个主句和一个或多个从句。
从句类型:
名词性从句:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
定语从句:修饰名词或代词的从句
状语从句:时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较、方式状语从句
例:
What he said is true. 他说的是真的。(主语从句)
I think that he is right. 我认为他是对的。(宾语从句)
The man who is standing there is my brother. 站在那里的那个人是我哥哥。(定语从句)
If it rains, we will stay at home. 如果下雨,我们就待在家里。(条件状语从句)
即时训练
11. My brother does his homework first after school.(改为否定句)
A. doesn't do B. don't do C. doesn't does D. isn't do
12. She went to the library yesterday.(改为一般疑问句)
A. Does she go B. Did she go C. Was she go D. Is she went
13. I played basketball for two hours yesterday.(对画线部分提问)
A. How often B. How far C. How long D. How soon
14. They are cleaning the classroom now.(改为一般疑问句)
A. Do they cleaning B. Are they cleaning C. Did they clean D. Will they clean
15. Tom can speak English well.(改为否定句)
A. can't speaks B. doesn't can speak C. can't speak D. don't speak
1. (2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题乙(A)第6题)How many girls ______ in your class?
A. is there B. there is C. are there D. there are
2. (2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题乙(A)第18题)Half of the students in our class ______ girls.
A. are B. is C. be D. were
3. (2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题乙(A)第46题)My brother does his homework first after school.(改为否定句)
My brother ______ ______ his homework first after school.
A. doesn't do B. don't do C. doesn't does D. isn't do
4. (2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题乙(A)第48题)I played basketball for two hours yesterday.(对画线部分提问)
______ ______ did you play basketball yesterday?
A. How long B. How often C. How soon D. How far
5. (2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题乙(A)第49题)My sister takes a bus to school every day.(改为同义句)
My sister goes to school ______ ______ every day.
A. by bus B. by a bus C. on bus D. with bus
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编写说明:2027年陕西省(高职分类考试)《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练,在编写中融入支架式教学理念,紧扣陕西高职分类考试英语真题考情,将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单,以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础,再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强,实操性好,为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径,高效赋能备考提分。
本专题是2027年陕西省(高职分类考试)《英语一轮讲练测》的第7个专题,内容为主谓一致、There be与基础句式。
2027年陕西省(高职分类考试)
《英语一轮讲练测》复习讲义
专题07 主谓一致、There be与基础句式
目录
01 考情解码·命题预警
02 体系构建·思维可视
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚
考点1 主谓一致
即时训练
考点2 There be句型
即时训练
考点3 基础句式
即时训练
04 真题溯源·考向感知
考点
内容解读
陕西省高职分类考试真题统计
2024年甲卷
2024年乙卷
主谓一致
考查主语与谓语在数和人称上的一致性。乙卷Q5考each of + 复数名词接单数谓语(gets);乙卷Q18考half of + 复数名词接复数谓语(are)。需掌握不定代词作主语、数量词修饰主语和就近原则等核心规则,并注意排除时间状语等干扰信息。
(5)(18)
There be 句型
考查There be句型的基本结构和疑问形式。乙卷Q6考特殊疑问句How many girls are there?的语序和be动词与主语一致。需掌握There be的就近原则和there is/are的肯定、否定、疑问句转换。
(6)
祈使句与感叹句
祈使句考查肯定形式(动词原形开头)和否定形式(Don’t + 动词原形),乙卷Q10考Don’t come late。感叹句考查What和How引导的两种结构:乙卷Q19考What a fine day!(What + a + 名词),甲卷Q9考How lucky we are!(How + 形容词 + 主谓)。
(9)
(10)(19)
反义疑问句与定语从句
反义疑问句考查“前肯后否、前否后肯”原则,甲卷Q19考it is hot today, isn’t it?。定语从句考查关系代词who的选择,乙卷Q17考who指代先行词the boy在从句中作主语。两类均为基础句式中的重要组成部分。
(19)
(17)
主谓一致重点掌握三条规则:一是each/every/nobody等不定代词作主语时谓语用单数;二是half of/most of + 复数名词时谓语用复数;三是就近原则(not only...but also等)。
There be句型重点掌握be动词与最近主语一致和疑问句的语序转换。
基础句式部分重点掌握四类:一是祈使句(肯定用动词原形开头、否定用Don’t + 动词原形);二是感叹句(What + (a/an) + 名词 + 主谓 / How + 形容词/副词 + 主谓);三是反义疑问句(前肯后否、前否后肯规则);四是定语从句关系代词的选择。
建议以“公式化规则+典型例句操练”为主线,将三类考点制成对照表格反复强化,特别注意each of和half of的主谓一致区别。
【考点 1 主谓一致】
一、主谓一致总纲
主谓一致:英语句子中,谓语动词的单复数、人称形式必须和句子真正主语保持一致,修饰主语的定语、插入语、状语均不改变主语单复数属性。
高考三大核心判定原则:语法一致、意义一致、就近/就远一致
二、原则一:语法一致
核心规则:单数主语配单数谓语,复数主语配复数谓语,形式严格对应。
1. 单数主语:可数名词单数、不可数名词、单数代词,谓语动词用单数
例:The book is mine. / Water is important.
2. 复数主语:可数名词复数、复数代词,谓语动词用复数
例:These apples are red.
3. 高频必考:不定代词一律单数
everything/nothing/something/anything
everyone/everybody/no one/nobody/someone
✅ 以上词作主语,谓语永远用单数
例:Everyone has a dream.
三、原则二:意义一致
核心规则:主语形式为单数,但语义为复数,谓语用复数;主语形式复数,语义单数,谓语用单数。
1. 集体名词(重中之重)
family / class / team / group / school / crowd
① 表整体、团体:单数谓语
例:My family is a big one.(整体家庭)
② 表内部成员、个体:复数谓语
例:My family are watching TV.(家人各自在看)
2. 复数形式、单数语义名词
学科类:maths/physics/politics
新闻、钱财、时间、距离、重量:news/money/time/five years
✅ 一律单数谓语
例:Five years is a short time.
3. The + 形容词
表一类人(the old老人/the poor穷人),语义复数,谓语复数
例:The old are taken good care of.
四、原则三:就近/就远一致
(一)就近原则:谓语随最近的主语变
适用句型:there be / here be / either…or… / neither…nor… / not only…but also…
例:Neither you nor he is wrong.(就近he单数)
例:Not only the students but also the teacher is coming.(就近teacher单数)
(二)就远原则:谓语随前面真正主语变
适用修饰短语:as well as / together with / along with / besides / except / but
✅ 口诀:修饰成分插入句,谓语只看老主语
例:The teacher, as well as the students, is coming.(真正主语the teacher单数)
五、超高频特殊主谓一致特例
1. 并列主语
① 两个不同名词and并列,表不同事物:复数谓语
② 两个名词指代同一人/同一事物(bread and butter):单数谓语
2. 分数、百分数句式
结构:分数/百分数 + of + 名词
✅ 谓语单复数由of后的名词决定
例:Two thirds of the water is clean.(water不可数单数)
例:Thirty percent of the students are boys.(students复数)
3. 单复数同形名词
sheep/deer/fish(表条数):根据语境判单复数
4. 不定式、动名词、从句作主语
一律视作单数,谓语用单数
例:Reading books is helpful.
即时训练
1. The teacher with two students ______ in the office now.( )
A. is B. are C. be D. were
【答案】A
【解析】谓语看with前的主语The teacher,为单数,用is。
2. Reading books ______ a good way to learn new words.( )
A. are B. is C. be D. were
【答案】B
【解析】动名词Reading books作主语,谓语用单数is。
3. Neither my sister nor I ______ good at dancing.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
【答案】A
【解析】neither…nor就近原则,就近主语I,对应be动词am。
4. Three years ______ a long time for a student.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】A
【解析】时间、距离、金钱作整体概念,视为单数,用is。
5. Two thirds of the apples ______ bad.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】B
【解析】分数主谓一致看of后名词,apples为复数,用复数谓语are。
【考点2 There be 句型】
一、There be句型核心本质
1. 核心含义
There be句型为存在句型,专门表示:某地有某物、某时发生某事,强调“存在”,无“拥有”含义。
2. 绝对核心区别(最高频考点)
✅ There be:某地存在……(无拥有者)
✅ have/has:某人/某物拥有……(有拥有者)
❌ 绝对错误:There have/has (句式混搭,永久错误)
3. 万能基础公式
There + be动词(am/is/are/was/were) + 主语(名词) + 地点/时间状语
二、核心句式结构(肯定、否定、疑问)
1. 肯定句
结构:There + be + 名词 + 地点
例句:There is a book on the desk.
例句:There are two pens on the desk.
2. 否定句(必考)
结构:There + be + not + 名词 + 地点
例句:There isn’t any water in the bottle.
例句:There aren’t any students in the classroom.
3. 一般疑问句
结构:Be + there + 名词 + 地点?
回答:Yes, there is/are. / No, there isn’t/aren’t.
例句:—Is there a hospital near here?
—Yes, there is.
4. 特殊疑问句
常用提问:What’s + 地点?(某地有什么)
例句:—What’s in the box?
—There are some apples.
三、四大时态完整变式
1. 一般现在时:There is/are
表现阶段常态存在
例:There are many trees in our school.
2. 一般过去时:There was/were
表过去存在,现在可能已消失
例:There was a small village here ten years ago.
3. 一般将来时:There will be / There is going to be
高频易错:将来时无There are going to be(单数统一is going to be)
例:There will be a sports meeting next week.
4. 现在完成时:There have/has been
例:There has been a big change in our city.
四、就近原则
核心规则:There be句型中,be动词的单复数由紧跟be动词的第一个名词决定,和后面并列名词无关!
口诀:看前不看后,看近不看远
例1:There is a pen and two books on the desk.(就近a pen单数)
例2:There are two books and a pen on the desk.(就近two books复数)
高频易错警示
很多学生根据后面所有名词总数判断,一律改错,必须严格遵循就近判定!
五、终极易错点汇总
1. 禁止混搭:永远没有 There have / There has 句式
2. 可数不可数区分:不可数名词(water/money/time)一律用is/was
3. some/any用法:肯定句用some,否定、疑问句用any
4. 将来时固定结构:只能用There will be / There is going to be
即时训练
6. There ______ a library and two labs in our school.( )
A. is B. are C. be D. were
【答案】A
【解析】be后最近名词a library为单数,用is。
7. How many students ______ in the reading room?( )
A. is there B. there is C. are there D. there are
【答案】C
【解析】How many + 复数名词 + are there...?为正确语序。
8. There ______ some milk in the glass.( )
A. are B. is C. were D. be
【答案】B
【解析】milk为不可数名词,There be中用is。
9. ______ there any pictures on the wall?( )
A. Is B. Are C. Do D. Does
【答案】B
【解析】pictures为复数,There be一般疑问句用Are there。
10. There ______ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.( )
A. will have B. is going to have C. will be D. has
【答案】C
【解析】There be句型的一般将来时为There will be。
【考点3 基础句式】
一、按用途分类
1. 陈述句:用于陈述事实或表达观点。
形式
结构
示例
肯定陈述句
主语 + 谓语
I am a student. / He likes music.
否定陈述句
主语 + be + not / 助动词 + not + 动词
I am not a student. / He doesn't like music.
2. 疑问句:用于提出问题。
(1)一般疑问句:用yes/no回答。
结构
示例
Be + 主语 + ...?
Are you a student?
情态动词 + 主语 + ...?
Can you swim?
助动词 + 主语 + ...?
Do you like music? / Have you finished?
(2)特殊疑问句:以疑问词开头,询问特定信息。
疑问词
用途
示例
What
询问事物
What is your name?
Who
询问人
Who is he?
Whose
询问所属
Whose book is this?
Which
询问选择
Which one do you want?
Where
询问地点
Where do you live?
When
询问时间
When will you come?
Why
询问原因
Why are you late?
How
询问方式/程度
How are you? / How many books?
(3)选择疑问句:提供两个或多个选项,用or连接。
结构:一般疑问句 + or + 选项?
例:Is he a teacher or a student?
例:Do you like tea or coffee?
(4)反意疑问句:附在陈述句后的简短问句。
结构:肯定陈述句 + 否定反问?/ 否定陈述句 + 肯定反问?
规则:
前肯后否:He is a student, isn't he?
前否后肯:He isn't a student, is he?
注意:
陈述句部分含no, never, nothing, nobody, hardly, seldom等否定词时,视为否定,反问部分用肯定。
例:He never comes late, does he?
祈使句后的反意疑问句用will you或won't you。
例:Open the door, will you?
3. 祈使句:用于表达命令、请求、建议等。
形式
结构
示例
肯定祈使句
动词原形 + ...
Open the door. / Please sit down.
否定祈使句
Don't + 动词原形 + ...
Don't open the door. / Don't be late.
4. 感叹句:用于表达强烈的感情。
(1)What引导的感叹句:
结构:What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
名词类型
结构
示例
可数名词单数
What + a/an + adj. + 单数名词 + 主谓!
What a beautiful flower it is!
可数名词复数
What + adj. + 复数名词 + 主谓!
What beautiful flowers they are!
不可数名词
What + adj. + 不可数名词 + 主谓!
What fine weather it is!
(2)How引导的感叹句:
结构:How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语!
例:
How beautiful the flower is!
How fast he runs!
注意:How也可以修饰动词,结构为:How + 主语 + 谓语!
How time flies! 时间过得真快!
二、按结构分类
1. 简单句:只包含一个主谓结构。
五种基本句型:
句型类型
结构
示例
主谓(S+V)
主语+不及物动词(无宾语)
The sun rises.
They laughed.
主系表(S+V+P)
主语+连系动词+表语
It sounds wonderful.
She is happy.
主谓宾(S+V+O)
主语+及物动词+宾语
We should turn off lights.
He likes English.
主谓双宾(S+V+IO+DO)
主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
He gave me a book.
She told us a story.
主谓宾宾补(S+V+O+C)
主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
I saw her sitting.
We keep the room clean.
2. 并列句:由并列连词连接两个或多个简单句。
常用并列连词:
顺承关系:and, not only...but also...(不仅……而且……)
转折关系:but, yet, while(而)
选择关系:or, either...or...(要么……要么……)
因果关系:for, so
例:
He is a teacher, and she is a doctor. 他是老师,她是医生。
I like music, but he likes sports. 我喜欢音乐,但他喜欢运动。
Hurry up, or you will be late. 快点,否则你会迟到。
3. 复合句:包含一个主句和一个或多个从句。
从句类型:
名词性从句:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
定语从句:修饰名词或代词的从句
状语从句:时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较、方式状语从句
例:
What he said is true. 他说的是真的。(主语从句)
I think that he is right. 我认为他是对的。(宾语从句)
The man who is standing there is my brother. 站在那里的那个人是我哥哥。(定语从句)
If it rains, we will stay at home. 如果下雨,我们就待在家里。(条件状语从句)
即时训练
11. My brother does his homework first after school.(改为否定句)
A. doesn't do B. don't do C. doesn't does D. isn't do
【答案】A
【解析】主语My brother为第三人称单数,否定用doesn't,后接动词原形do。
12. She went to the library yesterday.(改为一般疑问句)
A. Does she go B. Did she go C. Was she go D. Is she went
【答案】B
【解析】一般过去时实义动词句改疑问句用Did,动词went还原为go。
13. I played basketball for two hours yesterday.(对画线部分提问)
A. How often B. How far C. How long D. How soon
【答案】C
【解析】for two hours表示时间长度,用How long提问。
14. They are cleaning the classroom now.(改为一般疑问句)
A. Do they cleaning B. Are they cleaning C. Did they clean D. Will they clean
【答案】B
【解析】现在进行时含be动词are,改一般疑问句将are提前。
15. Tom can speak English well.(改为否定句)
A. can't speaks B. doesn't can speak C. can't speak D. don't speak
【答案】C
【解析】情态动词can的否定为can't,后接动词原形speak。
1. (2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题乙(A)第6题)How many girls ______ in your class?
A. is there B. there is C. are there D. there are
【答案】C
【解析】How many后接复数名词girls,There be特殊疑问句语序为are there。
2. (2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题乙(A)第18题)Half of the students in our class ______ girls.
A. are B. is C. be D. were
【答案】A
【解析】Half of后接复数名词students,谓语用复数are。
3. (2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题乙(A)第46题)My brother does his homework first after school.(改为否定句)
My brother ______ ______ his homework first after school.
A. doesn't do B. don't do C. doesn't does D. isn't do
【答案】A
【解析】一般现在时第三人称单数实义动词句改否定句,用doesn't + 动词原形。
4. (2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题乙(A)第48题)I played basketball for two hours yesterday.(对画线部分提问)
______ ______ did you play basketball yesterday?
A. How long B. How often C. How soon D. How far
【答案】A
【解析】for two hours表示时间长度,对时间长度提问用How long。
5. (2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题乙(A)第49题)My sister takes a bus to school every day.(改为同义句)
My sister goes to school ______ ______ every day.
A. by bus B. by a bus C. on bus D. with bus
【答案】A
【解析】take a bus to school等同于go to school by bus。
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