专题05 非谓语动词（讲义）-2027年陕西省（高职分类考试）《英语一轮讲练测》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：2027年陕西省（高职分类考试）《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练，在编写中融入支架式教学理念，紧扣陕西高职分类考试英语真题考情，将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单，以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础，再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强，实操性好，为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径，高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是2027年陕西省（高职分类考试）《英语一轮讲练测》的第5个专题，内容为非谓语动词。 2027年陕西省（高职分类考试） 《英语一轮讲练测》复习讲义 专题05 非谓语动词 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 考点1 非谓语动词概述 即时训练 考点2 动词不定式（to do） 即时训练 考点3 动名词（doing） 即时训练 考点4 分词（现在分词doing / 过去分词done） 即时训练 考点5 非谓语动词的时态与语态 即时训练 04 真题溯源·考向感知 考点 内容解读 陕西省高职分类考试真题统计 2024年甲卷 2024年乙卷 不定式作主语/宾语 考查不定式在it句型中的使用。甲卷Q17考查find it + adj. + to do（不定式作真正宾语），乙卷Q16考查It is + adj. + to do（不定式作真正主语）。解题关键是以it为形式主语/宾语的句型识别，以及to do与doing的选择。 （17） （16） 动名词（doing） 考查动名词作宾语。甲卷完形Q22考查such as running中动名词作介词宾语，需从running、sleeping、watching TV、visiting friends中选择与walking、playing balls并列的动名词。语境中的动词-ing形式选择也需注意与不定式的功能区分。 （22） 不定式表目的/补语 考查不定式表目的的用法（to do = in order to do）。甲卷Q13中go to the Old People’s Home to take care of the old以to do表目的。乙卷阅读中teach sb. to do、want sb. to do等不定式作宾补结构也需掌握。目前真题中未以非谓语形式直接设题，但在语境中频繁出现。 （13） 备考时应重点掌握三类结构：一是不定式在it句型中的使用（It is + adj. + to do、find it + adj. + to do），此为分类考试中最核心的非谓语考查形式；二是动名词在介词后和并列结构中的使用（such as doing、enjoy doing、be good at doing等）；三是不定式表目的的用法（go to do、come to do等），虽在2024年真题中未以非谓语题直接设题，但在语境中大量出现。过去分词（如have sth. done、make oneself done等）虽未出现在分类考试中，但属于中职英语课程标准内容，可作为拓展储备。 【考点1 非谓语动词概述】 概念：非谓语动词是指在句中不充当谓语的动词形式，它不受主语人称和数的限制，但可以有自己的宾语和状语，构成非谓语动词短语。 基本形式： 形式 构成 功能 例词 动词不定式 to+动词原形 主语、宾语、宾补、定语、状语、表语 to do, to speak 动名词 动词原形+ing 主语、宾语、定语、表语 doing, speaking 现在分词 动词原形+ing 定语、状语、宾补、表语 doing, speaking 过去分词 动词原形+ed / 不规则变化 定语、状语、宾补、表语 done, spoken 非谓语动词的共同特征： · 不能单独作谓语。 · 没有人称和数的变化。 · 可以有自己的宾语和状语。 · 有时态和语态的变化。 判断方法：当句子中已有谓语动词，且没有连词连接时，另一个动词必须用非谓语形式。 例：I want to go home.（want是谓语，go用不定式） 例：He enjoys reading books.（enjoys是谓语，read用动名词） 【即时训练】 找出下列句子中的非谓语动词： 1. She wants to learn English well. 2. He enjoys playing basketball. 3. The boy sitting there is my brother. 4. The book written by Mo Yan is very popular. 5. 判断对错：He decided go to Beijing. 【考点2 动词不定式（to do）】 一、动词不定式作主语 结构：To do sth.+谓语+... 例：To learn English well is important. 学好英语很重要。 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 常用句型：It is+adj.+to do sth.（it作形式主语，不定式作真正主语） 例：It is important to learn English well. 学好英语很重要。 例：It is difficult to finish the work on time. 按时完成工作很困难。 常见形容词：easy, difficult, hard, important, necessary, possible, impossible, kind, nice, good, clever, foolish for/of sb.+to do 的区别： It is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.：形容词修饰事物用for（如easy, difficult, important, necessary） 例：It is important for us to study hard. 对我们来说努力学习很重要。 It is+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.：形容词修饰人用of（如kind, nice, good, clever, foolish, wise） 例：It is kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太善良了。 二、动词不定式作宾语 常见动词+to do： 类别 动词 想要/希望 want, wish, hope, expect, desire 决定/计划 decide, plan, choose, determine 承诺/拒绝 promise, refuse, offer, agree 学习/尝试 learn, try, manage, attempt 忘记/记得 forget, remember（意义不同） 其他 fail, afford, prepare, seem, pretend, appear 例： He decided to study abroad. 他决定出国留学。 She promised to help me. 她答应帮助我。 I hope to see you again. 我希望再次见到你。 注意：forget to do（忘记去做）vs forget doing（忘记做过） I forgot to lock the door. 我忘了锁门。（门没锁） I forgot locking the door. 我忘了已经锁过门了。（门已经锁了） 三、动词不定式作宾补 结构：动词+宾语+to do 常见动词：ask, tell, want, encourage, allow, invite, order, force, warn, expect, remind, advise, permit 例： My teacher encourages me to study harder. 我的老师鼓励我更加努力学习。 He asked me to help him. 他请求我帮助他。 She told me to wait for her. 她告诉我等她。 注意：make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel等动词后接不定式作宾补时，省略to。 主动：They made him work all day. 他们让他整天工作。 主动：I saw him cross the street. 我看见他过马路。 但在被动语态中，to必须恢复： He was made to work all day. 他被要求整天工作。 He was seen to cross the street. 他被看见过马路。 四、动词不定式作定语 结构：名词+to do 用法：不定式与所修饰的名词之间常存在动宾关系或主谓关系。 例： I have a lot of homework to do. 我有许多作业要做。（动宾关系：do homework） She is the first person to come. 她是第一个来的人。（主谓关系：person comes） 五、动词不定式作状语 结构：to do 表示目的、结果、原因 1. 目的状语：常用结构：in order to do, so as to do。 He came to borrow my book. 他来借我的书。 She got up early to catch the bus. 她早起是为了赶公交车。 He got up early in order to catch the bus. 他早起为了赶公交车。 2. 结果状语：常用结构：too...to...（太……而不能……）、enough to...（足够……而能……）。 He grew up to be a famous scientist. 他长大后成了一名著名科学家。 She woke up to find everyone gone. 她醒来发现所有人都走了。 He is too young to go to school. 他太小了不能上学。 She is old enough to drive a car. 她够年龄开车了。 3. 原因状语：常见形容词：happy, glad, pleased, sorry, surprised, disappointed, sad I am glad to see you. 我很高兴见到你。 She was surprised to hear the news. 她听到这个消息很惊讶。 六、动词不定式作表语 结构：主语+be+to do 用法：表示计划、安排、义务或可能性。 例： My dream is to become a teacher. 我的梦想是成为一名老师。 His plan is to start a business. 他的计划是创业。 The meeting is to be held tomorrow. 会议将在明天举行。 【即时训练】 1. It is necessary ______ the classroom clean.（ ） A. keep B. to keep C. keeping D. kept 2. I hope ______ a volunteer in the school sports meeting.（ ） A. be B. being C. to be D. been 3. We should save water ______ the environment.（ ） A. protect B. protecting C. to protect D. protected 4. My parents decided ______ a new computer for my study.（ ） A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought 5. The teacher told us ______ in the hallway.（ ） A. not run B. not to run C. don't run D. not running 【考点3 动名词（doing）】 一、动名词作主语 结构：Doing sth.+谓语+... 例： Reading books is helpful. 读书是有益的。 Swimming is a good sport. 游泳是一项好运动。 常用句型：It is+adj.+doing sth.（it作形式主语，动名词作真正主语） 例：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 例：It is no good staying up too late. 熬夜没有好处。 注意：动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 二、动名词作宾语 常见动词+doing： 类别 动词 喜欢/享受 enjoy, like, love, prefer, feel like 完成/结束 finish, complete 练习/实践 practice 介意/避免 mind, avoid, escape 建议/考虑 suggest, consider, imagine 习惯/坚持 be used to, keep, keep on, insist on 其他 admit, deny, risk, can't help, be busy, be worth 例： He enjoys reading books. 他喜欢读书。 She finished doing her homework. 她做完作业了。 You should practice speaking English every day. 你应该每天练习说英语。 注意：stop to do（停下来去做）vs stop doing（停止在做） He stopped to smoke. 他停下来去抽烟。 He stopped smoking. 他停止抽烟了。 三、介词后接动名词 结构：介词+doing 例： He is good at swimming. 他擅长游泳。 Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你帮助我。 I am interested in collecting stamps. 我对集邮感兴趣。 She is looking forward to meeting you. 她期待见到你。 常见短语：be good at, be interested in, be fond of, be proud of, look forward to, pay attention to, devote...to, get used to 注意：to在短语中可能是介词（后接doing），也可能是不定式符号（后接do）。需熟记常见短语。 介词to：look forward to doing, pay attention to doing, be used to doing 不定式to：want to do, decide to do, hope to do 四、动名词作定语 例： a swimming pool 游泳池（= a pool for swimming） a reading room 阅览室（= a room for reading） a sleeping bag 睡袋（= a bag for sleeping） 动名词作定语 vs 现在分词作定语： 动名词作定语：表示用途（a swimming pool = a pool for swimming） 现在分词作定语：表示动作正在进行（a swimming boy = a boy who is swimming） 五、动名词作表语 例： Her hobby is collecting stamps. 她的爱好是集邮。 My job is teaching English. 我的工作是教英语。 动名词作表语 vs 现在分词作表语： 动名词作表语：说明主语的内容（My job is teaching.） 现在分词作表语：说明主语的特征（The story is interesting.） 【即时训练】 1. ______ English every morning is a good habit.（ ） A. Read B. Reads C. Reading D. To reading 2. The students enjoy ______ in the school garden.（ ） A. work B. working C. to work D. worked 3. My sister is good at ______ pictures.（ ） A. draw B. draws C. drawing D. to draw 4. Please finish ______ the report before Friday.（ ） A. write B. writing C. to write D. wrote 5. We are looking forward to ______ you soon.（ ） A. see B. seeing C. saw D. seen 6. Thank you for ______ me. A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped 7. ______ is a good sport. A. Swim B. To swim C. Swimming D. Swam 8. She is looking forward to ______ you. A. meet B. to meet C. meeting D. met 9. My hobby is ______ stamps. A. collect B. to collect C. collecting D. collected 10. We should practice ______ English every day. A. speak B. to speak C. speaking D. spoke 【考点4 分词（现在分词doing / 过去分词done）】 一、分词作定语： 1. 现在分词作定语：表示主动、进行 a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleeping 一个正在睡觉的男孩 a flying bird = a bird that is flying 一只正在飞的鸟 an interesting story = a story that is interesting 一个有趣的故事 2. 过去分词作定语：表示被动、完成 a broken window = a window that was broken 一扇被打碎的窗户 a written report = a report that has been written 一份写好的报告 an excited child = a child who is excited 一个兴奋的孩子 3. 单个分词作定语：放在名词前 例：a sleeping boy, a broken window 4. 分词短语作定语：放在名词后 例：The boy sitting there is my brother. 坐在那里的男孩是我弟弟。 例：The book written by Mo Yan is popular. 莫言写的那本书很受欢迎。 二、分词作状语 1. 现在分词作状语：表示主动、进行，与主语是主动关系 例： Seeing the teacher, the students stood up. 看到老师，学生们站了起来。（主动） Walking in the park, I met an old friend. 在公园散步时，我遇到了一位老朋友。（主动） Being ill, she stayed at home. 因为生病，她待在家里。（原因） 2. 过去分词作状语：表示被动、完成，与主语是被动关系 例： Given more time, I can do it better. 如果给我更多时间，我能做得更好。（被动） Surprised at the news, she couldn't speak. 听到这个消息很惊讶，她说不出话来。（被动） Built in 2020, the school is very modern. 这所学校建于2020年，非常现代化。（被动） 三、分词作宾补 1. 现在分词作宾补：表示动作正在进行，与宾语是主动关系，常见动词：see, hear, watch, notice, find, keep, feel, have。 例： I saw him playing basketball on the playground. 我看见他在操场上打篮球。 She heard someone singing in the next room. 她听见有人在隔壁唱歌。 He kept me waiting for a long time. 他让我等了很长时间。 2. 过去分词作宾补：表示动作已完成，与宾语是被动关系，常见动词：have, get, make, see, hear, find, want 例： I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天理发了。（让别人剪了头发） He got his car repaired. 他让人修了他的车。 I found the door locked. 我发现门锁着。 四、分词作表语 1. 现在分词作表语：表示主语的特征，意为“令人……的” 例： The story is interesting. 这个故事很有趣。 The movie is exciting. 这部电影很刺激。 The news is surprising. 这个消息很令人惊讶。 2. 过去分词作表语：表示主语的状态，意为“感到……的” 例： I am interested in the story. 我对这个故事感兴趣。 She is excited about the trip. 她对这次旅行很兴奋。 He is tired after the long walk. 走了很长的路，他很累。 常见分词形容词： 现在分词（令人……的） 过去分词（感到……的） interesting 有趣的 interested 感兴趣的 exciting 刺激的 excited 兴奋的 surprising 令人惊讶的 surprised 惊讶的 disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 失望的 tiring 令人疲劳的 tired 疲劳的 boring 令人无聊的 bored 无聊的 frightening 令人害怕的 frightened 害怕的 【即时训练】 1. The boy ______ there is my brother. A. sit B. to sit C. sitting D. sat 2. The book ______ by Mo Yan is very popular. A. write B. to write C. writing D. written 3. ______ the teacher, the students stood up. A. See B. To see C. Seeing D. Seen 4. ______ more time, I can do it better. A. Give B. To give C. Giving D. Given 5. I saw him ______ basketball on the playground. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played 6. I had my hair ______ yesterday. A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. cuts 7. The story is ______. I am ______ in it. A. interesting; interested B. interested; interesting C. interesting; interesting D. interested; interested 8. She kept me ______ for a long time. A. wait B. to wait C. waiting D. waited 9. The movie is ______. Everyone is ______. A. exciting; excited B. excited; exciting C. exciting; exciting D. excited; excited 10. He found the door ______. A. lock B. to lock C. locking D. locked 【考点5 非谓语动词的时态与语态】 一、非谓语动词的时态 时态 不定式 动名词 现在分词 一般式 to do doing doing 进行式 to be doing / / 完成式 to have done having done having done 1. 一般式：表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或发生在之后。 I hope to see you soon. 我希望很快见到你。（see发生在hope之后） He enjoys reading books. 他喜欢读书。（reading与enjoys同时） 2. 进行式：表示动作正在进行。 She seems to be sleeping. 她好像在睡觉。 He pretended to be reading. 他假装在看书。 3. 完成式：表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 很抱歉让你等了。 He is said to have gone abroad. 据说他已经出国了。 Having finished his homework, he went to bed. 做完作业后，他上床睡觉了。 二、非谓语动词的语态 语态 不定式 动名词 现在分词 主动 to do doing doing 被动一般式 to be done being done being done 被动完成式 to have been done having been done having been done 1. 不定式被动式：to be done The book is to be published next month. 这本书将在下个月出版。 There is a lot of work to be done. 有很多工作要做。 2. 动名词被动式：being done He enjoys being praised. 他喜欢被表扬。 I don't like being treated like that. 我不喜欢被那样对待。 3. 现在分词被动式：being done The building being built now is a hospital. 正在建造的那栋建筑是一家医院。 Being asked to sing, she felt shy. 被要求唱歌时，她感到害羞。 4. 过去分词：done（本身表示被动、完成） The book written by Mo Yan is popular. 莫言写的那本书很受欢迎。 Surprised at the news, she cried. 听到这个消息很惊讶，她哭了。 【即时训练】 1. I am sorry ______ you waiting. A. keep B. to keep C. to have kept D. having kept 2. He is said ______ abroad. A. go B. to go C. to have gone D. going 3. The building ______ now is a hospital. A. build B. to build C. being built D. built 4. He enjoys ______. A. praise B. to praise C. being praised D. praising 5. ______ his homework, he went to bed. A. Finish B. To finish C. Having finished D. Finished 6. There is a lot of work ______. A. do B. to do C. to be done D. doing 7. I don't like ______ like that. A. treat B. to treat C. being treated D. treating 8. She seems ______ in the library. A. study B. to study C. to be studying D. studied 9. ______ asked to sing, she felt shy. A. Ask B. To ask C. Being asked D. Asking 10. He pretended ______ a book. A. read B. to read C. to be reading D. reading 1. （2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题甲(A)第17题）I find it very important ______ English well. A. learns B. learning C. to learn D. learn 2. （2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题乙(A)第16题）It is important ______ English well now. A. learning B. learned C. to learn D. learn 3. （改编自2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题甲(A)完形填空）A good habit can help people ______ healthy in daily life. A. keep B. to keeping C. kept D. keeps 4. （改编自2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题乙(A)第9题）Tony is really good at ______ maths problems. A. solve B. solves C. solving D. to solve 5. （改编自2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题甲(A)第56题）More and more foreigners are interested in ______ about China's tea culture. A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learned 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：2027年陕西省（高职分类考试）《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练，在编写中融入支架式教学理念，紧扣陕西高职分类考试英语真题考情，将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单，以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础，再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强，实操性好，为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径，高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是2027年陕西省（高职分类考试）《英语一轮讲练测》的第5个专题，内容为非谓语动词。 2027年陕西省（高职分类考试） 《英语一轮讲练测》复习讲义 专题05 非谓语动词 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 考点1 非谓语动词概述 即时训练 考点2 动词不定式（to do） 即时训练 考点3 动名词（doing） 即时训练 考点4 分词（现在分词doing / 过去分词done） 即时训练 考点5 非谓语动词的时态与语态 即时训练 04 真题溯源·考向感知 考点 内容解读 陕西省高职分类考试真题统计 2024年甲卷 2024年乙卷 不定式作主语/宾语 考查不定式在it句型中的使用。甲卷Q17考查find it + adj. + to do（不定式作真正宾语），乙卷Q16考查It is + adj. + to do（不定式作真正主语）。解题关键是以it为形式主语/宾语的句型识别，以及to do与doing的选择。 （17） （16） 动名词（doing） 考查动名词作宾语。甲卷完形Q22考查such as running中动名词作介词宾语，需从running、sleeping、watching TV、visiting friends中选择与walking、playing balls并列的动名词。语境中的动词-ing形式选择也需注意与不定式的功能区分。 （22） 不定式表目的/补语 考查不定式表目的的用法（to do = in order to do）。甲卷Q13中go to the Old People’s Home to take care of the old以to do表目的。乙卷阅读中teach sb. to do、want sb. to do等不定式作宾补结构也需掌握。目前真题中未以非谓语形式直接设题，但在语境中频繁出现。 （13） 备考时应重点掌握三类结构：一是不定式在it句型中的使用（It is + adj. + to do、find it + adj. + to do），此为分类考试中最核心的非谓语考查形式；二是动名词在介词后和并列结构中的使用（such as doing、enjoy doing、be good at doing等）；三是不定式表目的的用法（go to do、come to do等），虽在2024年真题中未以非谓语题直接设题，但在语境中大量出现。过去分词（如have sth. done、make oneself done等）虽未出现在分类考试中，但属于中职英语课程标准内容，可作为拓展储备。 【考点1 非谓语动词概述】 概念：非谓语动词是指在句中不充当谓语的动词形式，它不受主语人称和数的限制，但可以有自己的宾语和状语，构成非谓语动词短语。 基本形式： 形式 构成 功能 例词 动词不定式 to+动词原形 主语、宾语、宾补、定语、状语、表语 to do, to speak 动名词 动词原形+ing 主语、宾语、定语、表语 doing, speaking 现在分词 动词原形+ing 定语、状语、宾补、表语 doing, speaking 过去分词 动词原形+ed / 不规则变化 定语、状语、宾补、表语 done, spoken 非谓语动词的共同特征： · 不能单独作谓语。 · 没有人称和数的变化。 · 可以有自己的宾语和状语。 · 有时态和语态的变化。 判断方法：当句子中已有谓语动词，且没有连词连接时，另一个动词必须用非谓语形式。 例：I want to go home.（want是谓语，go用不定式） 例：He enjoys reading books.（enjoys是谓语，read用动名词） 【即时训练】 找出下列句子中的非谓语动词： 1. She wants to learn English well. 【答案】to learn 【解析】wants是谓语动词，to learn是非谓语动词（不定式），作宾语。 2. He enjoys playing basketball. 【答案】playing 【解析】enjoys是谓语动词，playing是非谓语动词（动名词），作宾语。 3. The boy sitting there is my brother. 【答案】sitting 【解析】is是谓语动词，sitting是非谓语动词（现在分词），作定语修饰The boy。 4. The book written by Mo Yan is very popular. 【答案】written 【解析】is是谓语动词，written是非谓语动词（过去分词），作定语修饰The book。 5. 判断对错：He decided go to Beijing. 【答案】错误，应改为He decided to go to Beijing. 【解析】decide后需接不定式to do作宾语，不能直接接动词原形。 【考点2 动词不定式（to do）】 一、动词不定式作主语 结构：To do sth.+谓语+... 例：To learn English well is important. 学好英语很重要。 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 常用句型：It is+adj.+to do sth.（it作形式主语，不定式作真正主语） 例：It is important to learn English well. 学好英语很重要。 例：It is difficult to finish the work on time. 按时完成工作很困难。 常见形容词：easy, difficult, hard, important, necessary, possible, impossible, kind, nice, good, clever, foolish for/of sb.+to do 的区别： It is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.：形容词修饰事物用for（如easy, difficult, important, necessary） 例：It is important for us to study hard. 对我们来说努力学习很重要。 It is+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.：形容词修饰人用of（如kind, nice, good, clever, foolish, wise） 例：It is kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太善良了。 二、动词不定式作宾语 常见动词+to do： 类别 动词 想要/希望 want, wish, hope, expect, desire 决定/计划 decide, plan, choose, determine 承诺/拒绝 promise, refuse, offer, agree 学习/尝试 learn, try, manage, attempt 忘记/记得 forget, remember（意义不同） 其他 fail, afford, prepare, seem, pretend, appear 例： He decided to study abroad. 他决定出国留学。 She promised to help me. 她答应帮助我。 I hope to see you again. 我希望再次见到你。 注意：forget to do（忘记去做）vs forget doing（忘记做过） I forgot to lock the door. 我忘了锁门。（门没锁） I forgot locking the door. 我忘了已经锁过门了。（门已经锁了） 三、动词不定式作宾补 结构：动词+宾语+to do 常见动词：ask, tell, want, encourage, allow, invite, order, force, warn, expect, remind, advise, permit 例： My teacher encourages me to study harder. 我的老师鼓励我更加努力学习。 He asked me to help him. 他请求我帮助他。 She told me to wait for her. 她告诉我等她。 注意：make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel等动词后接不定式作宾补时，省略to。 主动：They made him work all day. 他们让他整天工作。 主动：I saw him cross the street. 我看见他过马路。 但在被动语态中，to必须恢复： He was made to work all day. 他被要求整天工作。 He was seen to cross the street. 他被看见过马路。 四、动词不定式作定语 结构：名词+to do 用法：不定式与所修饰的名词之间常存在动宾关系或主谓关系。 例： I have a lot of homework to do. 我有许多作业要做。（动宾关系：do homework） She is the first person to come. 她是第一个来的人。（主谓关系：person comes） 五、动词不定式作状语 结构：to do 表示目的、结果、原因 1. 目的状语：常用结构：in order to do, so as to do。 He came to borrow my book. 他来借我的书。 She got up early to catch the bus. 她早起是为了赶公交车。 He got up early in order to catch the bus. 他早起为了赶公交车。 2. 结果状语：常用结构：too...to...（太……而不能……）、enough to...（足够……而能……）。 He grew up to be a famous scientist. 他长大后成了一名著名科学家。 She woke up to find everyone gone. 她醒来发现所有人都走了。 He is too young to go to school. 他太小了不能上学。 She is old enough to drive a car. 她够年龄开车了。 3. 原因状语：常见形容词：happy, glad, pleased, sorry, surprised, disappointed, sad I am glad to see you. 我很高兴见到你。 She was surprised to hear the news. 她听到这个消息很惊讶。 六、动词不定式作表语 结构：主语+be+to do 用法：表示计划、安排、义务或可能性。 例： My dream is to become a teacher. 我的梦想是成为一名老师。 His plan is to start a business. 他的计划是创业。 The meeting is to be held tomorrow. 会议将在明天举行。 【即时训练】 1. It is necessary ______ the classroom clean.（ ） A. keep B. to keep C. keeping D. kept 【答案】B 【解析】It is + adj. + to do结构，真正主语为to keep the classroom clean。 2. I hope ______ a volunteer in the school sports meeting.（ ） A. be B. being C. to be D. been 【答案】C 【解析】hope后常接动词不定式to do。 3. We should save water ______ the environment.（ ） A. protect B. protecting C. to protect D. protected 【答案】C 【解析】to protect在句中作目的状语，表示节约用水的目的。 4. My parents decided ______ a new computer for my study.（ ） A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought 【答案】B 【解析】decide后接to do，表示决定做某事。 5. The teacher told us ______ in the hallway.（ ） A. not run B. not to run C. don't run D. not running 【答案】B 【解析】tell sb. not to do sth.表示告诉某人不要做某事。 【考点3 动名词（doing）】 一、动名词作主语 结构：Doing sth.+谓语+... 例： Reading books is helpful. 读书是有益的。 Swimming is a good sport. 游泳是一项好运动。 常用句型：It is+adj.+doing sth.（it作形式主语，动名词作真正主语） 例：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 例：It is no good staying up too late. 熬夜没有好处。 注意：动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 二、动名词作宾语 常见动词+doing： 类别 动词 喜欢/享受 enjoy, like, love, prefer, feel like 完成/结束 finish, complete 练习/实践 practice 介意/避免 mind, avoid, escape 建议/考虑 suggest, consider, imagine 习惯/坚持 be used to, keep, keep on, insist on 其他 admit, deny, risk, can't help, be busy, be worth 例： He enjoys reading books. 他喜欢读书。 She finished doing her homework. 她做完作业了。 You should practice speaking English every day. 你应该每天练习说英语。 注意：stop to do（停下来去做）vs stop doing（停止在做） He stopped to smoke. 他停下来去抽烟。 He stopped smoking. 他停止抽烟了。 三、介词后接动名词 结构：介词+doing 例： He is good at swimming. 他擅长游泳。 Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你帮助我。 I am interested in collecting stamps. 我对集邮感兴趣。 She is looking forward to meeting you. 她期待见到你。 常见短语：be good at, be interested in, be fond of, be proud of, look forward to, pay attention to, devote...to, get used to 注意：to在短语中可能是介词（后接doing），也可能是不定式符号（后接do）。需熟记常见短语。 介词to：look forward to doing, pay attention to doing, be used to doing 不定式to：want to do, decide to do, hope to do 四、动名词作定语 例： a swimming pool 游泳池（= a pool for swimming） a reading room 阅览室（= a room for reading） a sleeping bag 睡袋（= a bag for sleeping） 动名词作定语 vs 现在分词作定语： 动名词作定语：表示用途（a swimming pool = a pool for swimming） 现在分词作定语：表示动作正在进行（a swimming boy = a boy who is swimming） 五、动名词作表语 例： Her hobby is collecting stamps. 她的爱好是集邮。 My job is teaching English. 我的工作是教英语。 动名词作表语 vs 现在分词作表语： 动名词作表语：说明主语的内容（My job is teaching.） 现在分词作表语：说明主语的特征（The story is interesting.） 【即时训练】 1. ______ English every morning is a good habit.（ ） A. Read B. Reads C. Reading D. To reading 【答案】C 【解析】动名词Reading作主语，表示读英语这件事。 2. The students enjoy ______ in the school garden.（ ） A. work B. working C. to work D. worked 【答案】B 【解析】enjoy后接动名词working。 3. My sister is good at ______ pictures.（ ） A. draw B. draws C. drawing D. to draw 【答案】C 【解析】介词at后接动名词drawing。 4. Please finish ______ the report before Friday.（ ） A. write B. writing C. to write D. wrote 【答案】B 【解析】finish后接动名词writing。 5. We are looking forward to ______ you soon.（ ） A. see B. seeing C. saw D. seen 【答案】B 【解析】look forward to中的to为介词，后接动名词seeing。 6. Thank you for ______ me. A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped 【答案】C 【解析】thank sb. for doing sth.是固定搭配，for是介词，后接动名词。 7. ______ is a good sport. A. Swim B. To swim C. Swimming D. Swam 【答案】C 【解析】动名词作主语，表示“游泳是一项好运动”。动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数。 8. She is looking forward to ______ you. A. meet B. to meet C. meeting D. met 【答案】C 【解析】look forward to doing sth.是固定搭配，to是介词，后接动名词。 9. My hobby is ______ stamps. A. collect B. to collect C. collecting D. collected 【答案】C 【解析】动名词作表语，说明主语hobby的内容。 10. We should practice ______ English every day. A. speak B. to speak C. speaking D. spoke 【答案】C 【解析】practice doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“练习做某事”。 【考点4 分词（现在分词doing / 过去分词done）】 一、分词作定语： 1. 现在分词作定语：表示主动、进行 a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleeping 一个正在睡觉的男孩 a flying bird = a bird that is flying 一只正在飞的鸟 an interesting story = a story that is interesting 一个有趣的故事 2. 过去分词作定语：表示被动、完成 a broken window = a window that was broken 一扇被打碎的窗户 a written report = a report that has been written 一份写好的报告 an excited child = a child who is excited 一个兴奋的孩子 3. 单个分词作定语：放在名词前 例：a sleeping boy, a broken window 4. 分词短语作定语：放在名词后 例：The boy sitting there is my brother. 坐在那里的男孩是我弟弟。 例：The book written by Mo Yan is popular. 莫言写的那本书很受欢迎。 二、分词作状语 1. 现在分词作状语：表示主动、进行，与主语是主动关系 例： Seeing the teacher, the students stood up. 看到老师，学生们站了起来。（主动） Walking in the park, I met an old friend. 在公园散步时，我遇到了一位老朋友。（主动） Being ill, she stayed at home. 因为生病，她待在家里。（原因） 2. 过去分词作状语：表示被动、完成，与主语是被动关系 例： Given more time, I can do it better. 如果给我更多时间，我能做得更好。（被动） Surprised at the news, she couldn't speak. 听到这个消息很惊讶，她说不出话来。（被动） Built in 2020, the school is very modern. 这所学校建于2020年，非常现代化。（被动） 三、分词作宾补 1. 现在分词作宾补：表示动作正在进行，与宾语是主动关系，常见动词：see, hear, watch, notice, find, keep, feel, have。 例： I saw him playing basketball on the playground. 我看见他在操场上打篮球。 She heard someone singing in the next room. 她听见有人在隔壁唱歌。 He kept me waiting for a long time. 他让我等了很长时间。 2. 过去分词作宾补：表示动作已完成，与宾语是被动关系，常见动词：have, get, make, see, hear, find, want 例： I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天理发了。（让别人剪了头发） He got his car repaired. 他让人修了他的车。 I found the door locked. 我发现门锁着。 四、分词作表语 1. 现在分词作表语：表示主语的特征，意为“令人……的” 例： The story is interesting. 这个故事很有趣。 The movie is exciting. 这部电影很刺激。 The news is surprising. 这个消息很令人惊讶。 2. 过去分词作表语：表示主语的状态，意为“感到……的” 例： I am interested in the story. 我对这个故事感兴趣。 She is excited about the trip. 她对这次旅行很兴奋。 He is tired after the long walk. 走了很长的路，他很累。 常见分词形容词： 现在分词（令人……的） 过去分词（感到……的） interesting 有趣的 interested 感兴趣的 exciting 刺激的 excited 兴奋的 surprising 令人惊讶的 surprised 惊讶的 disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 失望的 tiring 令人疲劳的 tired 疲劳的 boring 令人无聊的 bored 无聊的 frightening 令人害怕的 frightened 害怕的 【即时训练】 1. The boy ______ there is my brother. A. sit B. to sit C. sitting D. sat 【答案】C 【解析】现在分词短语作定语，修饰The boy，表示“坐在那里的男孩”。 2. The book ______ by Mo Yan is very popular. A. write B. to write C. writing D. written 【答案】D 【解析】过去分词短语作定语，修饰The book，表示“被莫言写的书”。 3. ______ the teacher, the students stood up. A. See B. To see C. Seeing D. Seen 【答案】C 【解析】现在分词作状语，表示主动，“看到老师”。 4. ______ more time, I can do it better. A. Give B. To give C. Giving D. Given 【答案】D 【解析】过去分词作状语，表示被动，“如果被给予更多时间”。 5. I saw him ______ basketball on the playground. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played 【答案】C 【解析】see sb. doing sth.表示“看见某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行。 6. I had my hair ______ yesterday. A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. cuts 【答案】A 【解析】have sth. done是固定句型，表示“让别人做某事”，过去分词作宾补。 7. The story is ______. I am ______ in it. A. interesting; interested B. interested; interesting C. interesting; interesting D. interested; interested 【答案】A 【解析】interesting表示“令人有趣的”，修饰物；interested表示“感兴趣的”，修饰人。 8. She kept me ______ for a long time. A. wait B. to wait C. waiting D. waited 【答案】C 【解析】keep sb. doing sth.表示“让某人一直做某事”，现在分词作宾补。 9. The movie is ______. Everyone is ______. A. exciting; excited B. excited; exciting C. exciting; exciting D. excited; excited 【答案】A 【解析】exciting表示“令人兴奋的”，修饰物；excited表示“兴奋的”，修饰人。 10. He found the door ______. A. lock B. to lock C. locking D. locked 【答案】D 【解析】过去分词作宾补，表示“发现门被锁着”，door与lock之间为被动关系。 【考点5 非谓语动词的时态与语态】 一、非谓语动词的时态 时态 不定式 动名词 现在分词 一般式 to do doing doing 进行式 to be doing / / 完成式 to have done having done having done 1. 一般式：表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或发生在之后。 I hope to see you soon. 我希望很快见到你。（see发生在hope之后） He enjoys reading books. 他喜欢读书。（reading与enjoys同时） 2. 进行式：表示动作正在进行。 She seems to be sleeping. 她好像在睡觉。 He pretended to be reading. 他假装在看书。 3. 完成式：表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 很抱歉让你等了。 He is said to have gone abroad. 据说他已经出国了。 Having finished his homework, he went to bed. 做完作业后，他上床睡觉了。 二、非谓语动词的语态 语态 不定式 动名词 现在分词 主动 to do doing doing 被动一般式 to be done being done being done 被动完成式 to have been done having been done having been done 1. 不定式被动式：to be done The book is to be published next month. 这本书将在下个月出版。 There is a lot of work to be done. 有很多工作要做。 2. 动名词被动式：being done He enjoys being praised. 他喜欢被表扬。 I don't like being treated like that. 我不喜欢被那样对待。 3. 现在分词被动式：being done The building being built now is a hospital. 正在建造的那栋建筑是一家医院。 Being asked to sing, she felt shy. 被要求唱歌时，她感到害羞。 4. 过去分词：done（本身表示被动、完成） The book written by Mo Yan is popular. 莫言写的那本书很受欢迎。 Surprised at the news, she cried. 听到这个消息很惊讶，她哭了。 【即时训练】 1. I am sorry ______ you waiting. A. keep B. to keep C. to have kept D. having kept 【答案】C 【解析】不定式完成式to have kept表示动作发生在谓语之前，“已经让你等了”。 2. He is said ______ abroad. A. go B. to go C. to have gone D. going 【答案】C 【解析】be said to do sth.是固定搭配，to have gone表示动作发生在谓语之前，“已经出国了”。 3. The building ______ now is a hospital. A. build B. to build C. being built D. built 【答案】C 【解析】现在分词被动式being built表示“正在被建造的”，作定语修饰The building。 4. He enjoys ______. A. praise B. to praise C. being praised D. praising 【答案】C 【解析】enjoy doing sth.，此处用动名词被动式being praised，表示“被表扬”。 5. ______ his homework, he went to bed. A. Finish B. To finish C. Having finished D. Finished 【答案】C 【解析】现在分词完成式Having finished表示动作发生在谓语之前，“做完作业后”。 6. There is a lot of work ______. A. do B. to do C. to be done D. doing 【答案】C 【解析】不定式被动式to be done作定语，表示“要被做的工作”。 7. I don't like ______ like that. A. treat B. to treat C. being treated D. treating 【答案】C 【解析】like doing sth.，此处用动名词被动式being treated，表示“被那样对待”。 8. She seems ______ in the library. A. study B. to study C. to be studying D. studied 【答案】C 【解析】不定式进行式to be studying表示“正在学习”。 9. ______ asked to sing, she felt shy. A. Ask B. To ask C. Being asked D. Asking 【答案】C 【解析】现在分词被动式Being asked作状语，表示“被要求唱歌时”。 10. He pretended ______ a book. A. read B. to read C. to be reading D. reading 【答案】C 【解析】pretend to do sth.，此处用不定式进行式to be reading表示“假装在看书”。 1. （2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题甲(A)第17题）I find it very important ______ English well. A. learns B. learning C. to learn D. learn 【答案】C 【解析】find it + adj. + to do结构中，it作形式宾语，真正宾语是to learn English well。 2. （2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题乙(A)第16题）It is important ______ English well now. A. learning B. learned C. to learn D. learn 【答案】C 【解析】It is + adj. + to do结构中，it作形式主语，to learn是真正主语。 3. （改编自2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题甲(A)完形填空）A good habit can help people ______ healthy in daily life. A. keep B. to keeping C. kept D. keeps 【答案】A 【解析】help sb. (to) do sth.中to可省略，空格处用动词原形keep。 4. （改编自2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题乙(A)第9题）Tony is really good at ______ maths problems. A. solve B. solves C. solving D. to solve 【答案】C 【解析】be good at中的at为介词，后接动名词solving。 5. （改编自2024年陕西省高职分类考试英语试题甲(A)第56题）More and more foreigners are interested in ______ about China's tea culture. A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learned 【答案】B 【解析】be interested in中in为介词，后接动名词learning。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $