Unit 5 复习讲义 2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

本讲义围绕初中英语Unit 5 "Power of Ideas"展开，核心知识点包括通过相机、笔记本电脑、3D打印机等发明案例梳理"想法变现实"的主题脉络，系统精讲invention、produce等核心词汇的词族拓展与辨析，详解be made of/from/in等短语用法，重点教授一般现在时和过去时被动语态及主动变被动步骤，辅以写作范文与多样化练习，构建从输入到输出的完整学习支架。 该资料特色鲜明，词汇精讲结合词族拓展与语境应用，如invention的动词、名词、形容词变形及与discovery的辨析，助力提升语言能力。语法教学通过"宾变主，主变宾"口诀简化被动语态转换，培养思维品质。练习涵盖词汇填空、语法转换、中考任务型阅读等，课中辅助教师分层教学，课后帮助学生巩固知识，查漏补缺，有效发展学习能力。

UNIT 5 / Power of Ideas Big Question: How do ideas change the world? 📖 课文梳理：From Idea to Reality（从想法到现实） 主旨：介绍几项改变世界的伟大发明——相机、笔记本电脑、3D打印机——展示"想法"如何变为现实产品，强调发明家的责任感与创造力。 结构：①引言（每个伟大发明都始于一个想法）→ ②相机（记录世界）→ ③笔记本电脑（便携计算）→ ④3D打印（制造革命）→ ⑤结论（好的发明让生活更美好） Section B 写作范文：My Favorite Invention — 学生介绍智能手机如何改变日常生活（通讯、学习、娱乐），并思考合理使用。 词汇精讲 核心词汇 invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/ 发明；发明物 词族拓展： invent v.发明Bell invented the telephone in 1876. 贝尔于1876年发明了电话。 inventor n.发明家Edison was a great inventor with over 1,000 patents. 爱迪生是一位拥有千余项专利的伟大发明家。 inventive adj.有创造力的She has an inventive mind full of new ideas. 她有着充满新创意的创造性头脑。 用法：invention 指"发明的东西"（可数），也可指"发明行为"（不可数）。 辨析：invention = 创造出前所未有的东西；discovery = 发现已存在但未知的事物。 Edison's invention of the light bulb changed the world. 爱迪生发明灯泡改变了世界。 The invention of the Internet has changed how we communicate. 互联网的发明改变了我们的交流方式。 produce /prəˈdjuːs/ 生产；制造 词族拓展： product n.产品This product is popular among teenagers. 这款产品在青少年中很受欢迎。 production n.生产The factory increased production by 30%. 工厂将产量提高了30%。 producer n.生产者；制片人He is a famous film producer in Hollywood. 他是好莱坞著名的电影制片人。 productive adj.多产的It was a very productive afternoon. 这是一个很有成效的下午。 用法：produce 指通过劳动或工业过程制造产品，也可指"导致、引起"。 辨析：produce 强调生产过程；make 泛指制造；create 强调创造力。 The factory produces 1,000 cars per month. 这家工厂每月生产1000辆汽车。 This region is known for producing high-quality tea. 这个地区以出产优质茶叶而闻名。 plastic /ˈplæstɪk/ 塑料；塑料的 词族拓展： plastics n.塑料制品Recycling plastics helps protect the environment. 回收塑料制品有助于保护环境。 plasticity n.可塑性Children's brains have high plasticity. 儿童的大脑具有很高的可塑性。 用法：作不可数名词指"塑料"这种材料；作可数名词指"塑料制品"。作形容词表示"塑料的"或"可塑的"。 环保话题：plastic pollution（塑料污染）、reduce plastic use（减少塑料使用）。 These bottles are made of plastic. 这些瓶子是塑料做的。 We should reduce the use of plastic bags to protect the environment. 我们应该减少塑料袋的使用以保护环境。 complete /kəmˈpliːt/ 完成；完整的 词族拓展： completely adv.完全地I completely agree with your idea. 我完全同意你的想法。 completion n.完成The project is nearing completion. 项目即将完工。 incomplete adj.不完整的The data we have is still incomplete. 我们掌握的数据仍然不完整。 用法：作动词表示"完成"（比 finish 更正式）；作形容词表示"完整的、彻底的"。 辨析：complete 侧重"使之完整"；finish 侧重"结束动作"。 The bridge was completed in 2020. 这座桥于2020年完工。 The new library will be completed next year. 新图书馆将于明年完工。 responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ 有责任的；负责的 词族拓展： responsibility n.责任Taking responsibility for your actions is important. 对自己的行为负责很重要。 responsibly adv.负责任地Please use the Internet responsibly. 请负责任地使用互联网。 response n.回应We received a quick response from the company. 我们收到了公司的快速回复。 用法：be responsible for sth./doing sth. = 对……负责 辨析：responsible 强调"有责任感的"；in charge of 强调"掌管、主管"。 Scientists must be responsible for the effects of their inventions. 科学家必须对其发明的后果负责。 Who is responsible for this project? 谁负责这个项目？ rapid /ˈræpɪd/ 迅速的；快速的 词族拓展： rapidly adv.迅速地The city is growing rapidly. 这座城市正在迅速发展。 rapidity n.迅速The rapidity of technological change is astonishing. 技术变革的速度令人惊叹。 用法：rapid 比 fast 更正式，常用于书面语，修饰发展、变化等抽象名词。 辨析：rapid 侧重"急速的"（发展、变化）；fast 侧重"速度快的"（运动）；quick 侧重"时间短的"（动作）。 The rapid development of technology has changed our lives. 科技的快速发展改变了我们的生活。 camera /ˈkæmərə/ 照相机；摄影机 词族拓展： cameraman n.摄影师The cameraman filmed the entire event. 摄影师拍摄了整个活动。 camcorder n.摄像机She bought a new camcorder for the trip. 她为旅行买了一台新摄像机。 用法：digital camera（数码相机）、security camera（监控摄像头）。 take a photo with a camera = 用相机拍照 1. The first camera was invented in the 19th century. 第一台相机发明于19世纪。 laptop /ˈlæptɒp/ 笔记本电脑 词源：lap（膝盖）+ top（上面）= 放在膝盖上的电脑 = 笔记本电脑。 辨析：laptop = 笔记本电脑；desktop = 台式电脑；tablet = 平板电脑。 She brought her laptop to the meeting to show the presentation. 她带着笔记本电脑来开会以展示演示文稿。 printer /ˈprɪntə/ 打印机；印刷工 词族拓展： print v.打印Can you print this document for me? 你能帮我打印这份文件吗？ printable adj.可打印的These coupons are printable from the website. 这些优惠券可以从网站上打印。 3D printer n.3D打印机A 3D printer can create solid objects layer by layer. 3D打印机可以逐层创建实体物品。 用法：3D printer（3D打印机）是本单元核心话题之一，能"打印"出立体的塑料、金属物品。 A 3D printer can produce objects layer by layer. 3D打印机可以逐层制造物体。 benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ 益处；受益 词族拓展： beneficial adj.有益的Eating vegetables is beneficial to your health. 吃蔬菜对你的健康有益。 beneficially adv.有益地The policy beneficially affected local farmers. 这项政策有益地影响了当地农民。 用法：benefit from sth. = 从……中受益；for the benefit of = 为了……的利益。 辨析：benefit 强调"获得好处"；profit 强调"获得利润"（经济层面）。 Many people benefit from this new technology. 许多人从这项新技术中受益。 material /məˈtɪəriəl/ 材料；原料 用法：可数名词，指制造物品的原材料。building materials（建筑材料）、raw materials（原材料）。 辨析：material 指物理材料；matter 指物质（物理学）。 These shoes are made from recycled materials. 这些鞋子是用回收材料制成的。 ✏词汇练习 1. The ______ ______ (invent) of the telephone changed the way people communicate. 2. This factory ______ ______ (produce) 500 cars every month. 3. We should be ______ ______ (responsibility) for our own actions. 4. The bridge was ______ ______ (complete) in two years. 5. The ______ ______ (rapid) of technological change is amazing. ✏词汇运用（选词填空） 1. The 3D printer uses special ______ to build objects. 2. Everyone should take ______ for protecting the environment. 3. The ______ of the wheel was one of the most important in human history. 4. Using too many ______ bags causes serious pollution. 5. Students can ______ a lot from reading extensively. 从方框中选择合适的词，用正确形式填空：invention / produce / plastic / responsible / material / benefit ✏词汇练习三：单项选择 1. This camera is ______ in Japan. ______ (make / made / making) A. made　B. make　C. making　D. makes 2. The ______ of the internet changed the world. ______ (invent) A. invent　B. invention　C. inventor　D. inventive 3. Everyone should be ______ for protecting the environment. A. responsibility　B. responsible　C. respond　D. responsibly 4. Paper is ______ from wood. A. made of　B. made from　C. made in　D. made by 5. The bridge was ______ in two years. A. complete　B. completed　C. completing　D. completion 短语详解 be made of / be made from / be made in be made of = 由……制成（能看出原材料，物理变化） be made from = 由……制成（看不出原材料，化学变化） be made in = 在……制造（接地点） 辨析：The desk is made of wood.（看得到木头）/ Paper is made from wood.（看不到木头）/ This car is made in China.（产地） This bridge is made of steel and concrete. 这座桥由钢和混凝土制成。 be used for / be used as / be used by be used for = 被用来做……（接用途，for + doing/noun） be used as = 被当作……使用（接身份/角色） be used by = 被……使用（接使用者） 注意：被动语态"be + 过去分词"的常见搭配。 The room is used for storing old books. 这个房间用来存放旧书。 come true come true = （梦想、愿望）实现、成真 注意：主语通常是 dream / wish / hope，不用被动语态。 辨析：realize one's dream = 实现某人的梦想（主动，主语是人）；one's dream comes true（主语是 dream）。 His dream of becoming an inventor has come true. 他成为发明家的梦想实现了。 change the world change the world = 改变世界 搭配：change sth. into sth. = 把……变成……；change one's mind = 改变主意 辨析：change 强调"本质变化"；turn 侧重"形态转变"；exchange 侧重"交换"。 Great inventions have changed the world in many ways. 伟大的发明在很多方面改变了世界。 be filled with be filled with = 充满……（状态） 辨析：be filled with = be full of（两者可互换，但 filled with 更强调"被装满"的动作结果）。 注意：fill sth. with sth.（主动）；be filled with（被动/状态）。 The exhibition hall was filled with new inventions. 展览大厅里充满了新发明。 take place take place = 发生；举行（无被动语态） 辨析：take place 指有计划、有安排的发生（会议、比赛等）；happen 指偶然发生（事故等）；break out 指突然爆发（战争、火灾）。 注意：take place 不能用被动语态。 The invention exhibition will take place next month. 发明展览会将于下月举行。 短语巩固练习 ✏练习一：用方框中短语的适当形式填空 be made of / from / in　; be used for / as / by　;come true　;change the world　;be filled with　; take place 1. The exhibition will ______ next month in Shanghai. 2. His dream of becoming an inventor has ______. 3. Glass is ______ sand and other materials. 4. This room is ______ storing old books. 5. The hall was ______ with excited visitors. 6. Great inventions have ______ in many ways. ✏练习二：单项选择 1. This desk is ______ wood. A. made of　B. made from　C. made in　D. made by 2. Paper ______ wood. A. is made of　B. is made from　C. is made in　D. is made by 3. English ______ a second language in India. A. is used for　B. is used as　C. is used by　D. used to 4. His dream has ______. A. come true　B. come out　C. come on　D. come in 5. The basket is ______ apples. A. fill with　B. filled with　C. full with　D. filling of 语法精讲 一、被动语态——一般现在时 核心规则：当我们不知道动作的执行者，或想强调动作的承受者时，使用被动语态。一般现在时被动语态 = am/is/are + 过去分词。 ⚠注意：①不及物动词没有被动语态（如 happen, take place, come true）；②主动句变被动句时，宾语变主语，主语变 by 短语（可省略）。 例：The bridge is repaired every year. 这座桥每年都被修缮。 二、被动语态——一般过去时 核心规则：一般过去时被动语态 = was/were + 过去分词。主语是单数用 was，复数用 were。 ⚠注意：by 短语中的人称代词用宾格（by him, by them）。如果动作执行者不重要或未知，by 短语可省略。 例：The first computer was built in 1946. 第一台计算机于1946年建造。 三、主动变被动的步骤 口诀：宾变主，主变宾，动词变 be 加分词，by 短语跟在后。 ⚠注意：①带双宾语的动词（give, show, tell 等）可有两种被动形式；②使役动词 make/let 和感官动词 see/watch 在主动句中接不带 to 的不定式，但变被动后要还原 to。 ✏语法练习（被动语态） 1. The bridge ______ ______ (build) in 1998. 2. English ______ ______ (speak) all over the world. 3. These cars ______ ______ (produce) in Germany. 4. The light bulb ______ ______ (invent) by Thomas Edison. 5. The work ______ ______ (finish) yesterday. 6. Rice ______ ______ (grow) in the south of China. 7. The window ______ ______ (break) by a stone. 8. This song ______ ______ (write) by a young composer. 核心句式 ... be made of / from / in ... — ……由……制成 / 在……制造 This table is made of wood. 这张桌子是木头做的。 Paper is made from wood. 纸是由木材制成的。 This phone is made in China. 这部手机是中国制造的。 ... be used for doing sth. / to do sth. — ……被用来做某事 A camera is used for taking photos. 相机用来拍照。 A 3D printer is used to make objects. 3D打印机用来制造物品。 ... was/were + 过去分词 + by ... — ……被……（做了） The telephone was invented by Bell. 电话是贝尔发明的。 The novel was written by him. 这部小说是他写的。 Great inventions + change + the way we ... — 伟大的发明改变了我们……的方式 Great inventions have changed the way we live. 伟大的发明改变了我们的生活方式。 The Internet has changed the way we communicate. 互联网改变了我们的交流方式。 综合训练 一、单项选择 1. The first camera ______ in the 19th century. A. invents B. invented C. was invented D. is invented 2. This desk ______ wood. It looks very natural. A. is made of B. is made from C. is made in D. is made by 3. The new hospital ______ next year. A. will build B. was built C. will be built D. is built 4. Paper ______ wood. We can't see the wood in it. A. is made of B. is made from C. is made in D. is made into 5. The teacher made him ______ after school. A. stay B. to stay C. staying D. stayed 6. He was made ______ after school by the teacher. A. stay B. to stay C. staying D. stayed 7. Great changes ______ in our city in the past few years. A. take place B. took place C. have taken place D. were taken place 8. The machine ______ cleaning the floor. A. used to B. is used for C. is used as D. used by 二、完形填空 The invention of the camera 1______ the world forever. Before the camera, people could only 2______ what they saw through drawing or painting. The first camera 3______ in the early 1800s. Since then, cameras 4______ greatly improved. Today, almost everyone 5______ a camera in their phone. Photos 6______ to record memories, tell stories, and share moments. The camera is truly one of the greatest 7______ in human history. It shows how a simple idea can 8______ reality and change millions of lives. 1. A. change B. changed C. was changed D. is changing 2. A. record B. recorded C. recording D. be recorded 3. A. invents B. invented C. was invented D. is invented 4. A. are B. were C. have been D. had been 5. A. carry B. carries C. carried D. carrying 6. A. use B. used C. are used D. were used 7. A. invention B. inventions C. inventor D. inventors 8. A. become B. became C. becomes D. becoming 中考题型 任务型阅读 The 3D printer is one of the most exciting inventions of the 21st century. It was first developed in the 1980s, but it has become popular only in recent years. A 3D printer works by building objects layer by layer (一层一层地). It can use many different materials, such as plastic, metal, and even chocolate! 3D printers are used in many fields. In medicine, they are used to make artificial limbs (假肢). In architecture, they are used to build model houses. In education, students use them to create their own designs. Some people even use 3D printers to make toys and jewelry at home. However, 3D printing also brings challenges. Some people worry that 3D printers might be used to make dangerous things. Others are concerned about the environmental impact of plastic waste. Scientists are working hard to find solutions to these problems. 1. When was the 3D printer first developed? 2. How does a 3D printer work? ______ (Answer in no more than 8 words) 3. What materials can a 3D printer use? ______ (List at least two) 4. What are 3D printers used for in medicine? 5. What challenges does 3D printing bring? ______ (List one) 词语运用 从方框中选择合适的词，用正确形式填空（每词限用一次） invent / produce / responsible / rapid / complete / benefit The smartphone is one of the most important 1______ of our time. It was 2______ by engineers who wanted to combine a phone with a computer. Today, smartphones are 3______ by millions of companies around the world. The 4______ development of smartphone technology has changed how we live. However, we must be 5______ for how we use our phones. Used wisely, smartphones can 6______ our lives greatly. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ UNIT 5 / Power of Ideas Big Question: How do ideas change the world? 📖 课文梳理：From Idea to Reality（从想法到现实） 主旨：介绍几项改变世界的伟大发明——相机、笔记本电脑、3D打印机——展示"想法"如何变为现实产品，强调发明家的责任感与创造力。 结构：①引言（每个伟大发明都始于一个想法）→ ②相机（记录世界）→ ③笔记本电脑（便携计算）→ ④3D打印（制造革命）→ ⑤结论（好的发明让生活更美好） Section B 写作范文：My Favorite Invention — 学生介绍智能手机如何改变日常生活（通讯、学习、娱乐），并思考合理使用。 词汇精讲 核心词汇 invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/ 发明；发明物 词族拓展： invent v.发明Bell invented the telephone in 1876. 贝尔于1876年发明了电话。 inventor n.发明家Edison was a great inventor with over 1,000 patents. 爱迪生是一位拥有千余项专利的伟大发明家。 inventive adj.有创造力的She has an inventive mind full of new ideas. 她有着充满新创意的创造性头脑。 用法：invention 指"发明的东西"（可数），也可指"发明行为"（不可数）。 辨析：invention = 创造出前所未有的东西；discovery = 发现已存在但未知的事物。 Edison's invention of the light bulb changed the world. 爱迪生发明灯泡改变了世界。 The invention of the Internet has changed how we communicate. 互联网的发明改变了我们的交流方式。 produce /prəˈdjuːs/ 生产；制造 词族拓展： product n.产品This product is popular among teenagers. 这款产品在青少年中很受欢迎。 production n.生产The factory increased production by 30%. 工厂将产量提高了30%。 producer n.生产者；制片人He is a famous film producer in Hollywood. 他是好莱坞著名的电影制片人。 productive adj.多产的It was a very productive afternoon. 这是一个很有成效的下午。 用法：produce 指通过劳动或工业过程制造产品，也可指"导致、引起"。 辨析：produce 强调生产过程；make 泛指制造；create 强调创造力。 The factory produces 1,000 cars per month. 这家工厂每月生产1000辆汽车。 This region is known for producing high-quality tea. 这个地区以出产优质茶叶而闻名。 plastic /ˈplæstɪk/ 塑料；塑料的 词族拓展： plastics n.塑料制品Recycling plastics helps protect the environment. 回收塑料制品有助于保护环境。 plasticity n.可塑性Children's brains have high plasticity. 儿童的大脑具有很高的可塑性。 用法：作不可数名词指"塑料"这种材料；作可数名词指"塑料制品"。作形容词表示"塑料的"或"可塑的"。 环保话题：plastic pollution（塑料污染）、reduce plastic use（减少塑料使用）。 These bottles are made of plastic. 这些瓶子是塑料做的。 We should reduce the use of plastic bags to protect the environment. 我们应该减少塑料袋的使用以保护环境。 complete /kəmˈpliːt/ 完成；完整的 词族拓展： completely adv.完全地I completely agree with your idea. 我完全同意你的想法。 completion n.完成The project is nearing completion. 项目即将完工。 incomplete adj.不完整的The data we have is still incomplete. 我们掌握的数据仍然不完整。 用法：作动词表示"完成"（比 finish 更正式）；作形容词表示"完整的、彻底的"。 辨析：complete 侧重"使之完整"；finish 侧重"结束动作"。 The bridge was completed in 2020. 这座桥于2020年完工。 The new library will be completed next year. 新图书馆将于明年完工。 responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ 有责任的；负责的 词族拓展： responsibility n.责任Taking responsibility for your actions is important. 对自己的行为负责很重要。 responsibly adv.负责任地Please use the Internet responsibly. 请负责任地使用互联网。 response n.回应We received a quick response from the company. 我们收到了公司的快速回复。 用法：be responsible for sth./doing sth. = 对……负责 辨析：responsible 强调"有责任感的"；in charge of 强调"掌管、主管"。 Scientists must be responsible for the effects of their inventions. 科学家必须对其发明的后果负责。 Who is responsible for this project? 谁负责这个项目？ rapid /ˈræpɪd/ 迅速的；快速的 词族拓展： rapidly adv.迅速地The city is growing rapidly. 这座城市正在迅速发展。 rapidity n.迅速The rapidity of technological change is astonishing. 技术变革的速度令人惊叹。 用法：rapid 比 fast 更正式，常用于书面语，修饰发展、变化等抽象名词。 辨析：rapid 侧重"急速的"（发展、变化）；fast 侧重"速度快的"（运动）；quick 侧重"时间短的"（动作）。 The rapid development of technology has changed our lives. 科技的快速发展改变了我们的生活。 camera /ˈkæmərə/ 照相机；摄影机 词族拓展： cameraman n.摄影师The cameraman filmed the entire event. 摄影师拍摄了整个活动。 camcorder n.摄像机She bought a new camcorder for the trip. 她为旅行买了一台新摄像机。 用法：digital camera（数码相机）、security camera（监控摄像头）。 take a photo with a camera = 用相机拍照 1. The first camera was invented in the 19th century. 第一台相机发明于19世纪。 laptop /ˈlæptɒp/ 笔记本电脑 词源：lap（膝盖）+ top（上面）= 放在膝盖上的电脑 = 笔记本电脑。 辨析：laptop = 笔记本电脑；desktop = 台式电脑；tablet = 平板电脑。 She brought her laptop to the meeting to show the presentation. 她带着笔记本电脑来开会以展示演示文稿。 printer /ˈprɪntə/ 打印机；印刷工 词族拓展： print v.打印Can you print this document for me? 你能帮我打印这份文件吗？ printable adj.可打印的These coupons are printable from the website. 这些优惠券可以从网站上打印。 3D printer n.3D打印机A 3D printer can create solid objects layer by layer. 3D打印机可以逐层创建实体物品。 用法：3D printer（3D打印机）是本单元核心话题之一，能"打印"出立体的塑料、金属物品。 A 3D printer can produce objects layer by layer. 3D打印机可以逐层制造物体。 benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ 益处；受益 词族拓展： beneficial adj.有益的Eating vegetables is beneficial to your health. 吃蔬菜对你的健康有益。 beneficially adv.有益地The policy beneficially affected local farmers. 这项政策有益地影响了当地农民。 用法：benefit from sth. = 从……中受益；for the benefit of = 为了……的利益。 辨析：benefit 强调"获得好处"；profit 强调"获得利润"（经济层面）。 Many people benefit from this new technology. 许多人从这项新技术中受益。 material /məˈtɪəriəl/ 材料；原料 用法：可数名词，指制造物品的原材料。building materials（建筑材料）、raw materials（原材料）。 辨析：material 指物理材料；matter 指物质（物理学）。 These shoes are made from recycled materials. 这些鞋子是用回收材料制成的。 ✏词汇练习 1. The ______ ______ (invent) of the telephone changed the way people communicate. 2. This factory ______ ______ (produce) 500 cars every month. 3. We should be ______ ______ (responsibility) for our own actions. 4. The bridge was ______ ______ (complete) in two years. 5. The ______ ______ (rapid) of technological change is amazing. ✏词汇运用（选词填空） 1. The 3D printer uses special ______ to build objects. 2. Everyone should take ______ for protecting the environment. 3. The ______ of the wheel was one of the most important in human history. 4. Using too many ______ bags causes serious pollution. 5. Students can ______ a lot from reading extensively. 从方框中选择合适的词，用正确形式填空：invention / produce / plastic / responsible / material / benefit ✏词汇练习三：单项选择 1. This camera is ______ in Japan. ______ (make / made / making) A. made B. make C. making D. makes 2. The ______ of the internet changed the world. ______ (invent) A. invent B. invention C. inventor D. inventive 3. Everyone should be ______ for protecting the environment. A. responsibility B. responsible C. respond D. responsibly 4. Paper is ______ from wood. A. made of B. made from C. made in D. made by 5. The bridge was ______ in two years. A. complete B. completed C. completing D. completion 【参考答案】 1. A（被动语态 is made）2. B（invention 名词）3. B（responsible 形容词）4. B（made from 看不出原材料）5. B（completed 被动） 短语详解 be made of / be made from / be made in be made of = 由……制成（能看出原材料，物理变化） be made from = 由……制成（看不出原材料，化学变化） be made in = 在……制造（接地点） 辨析：The desk is made of wood.（看得到木头）/ Paper is made from wood.（看不到木头）/ This car is made in China.（产地） This bridge is made of steel and concrete. 这座桥由钢和混凝土制成。 be used for / be used as / be used by be used for = 被用来做……（接用途，for + doing/noun） be used as = 被当作……使用（接身份/角色） be used by = 被……使用（接使用者） 注意：被动语态"be + 过去分词"的常见搭配。 The room is used for storing old books. 这个房间用来存放旧书。 come true come true = （梦想、愿望）实现、成真 注意：主语通常是 dream / wish / hope，不用被动语态。 辨析：realize one's dream = 实现某人的梦想（主动，主语是人）；one's dream comes true（主语是 dream）。 His dream of becoming an inventor has come true. 他成为发明家的梦想实现了。 change the world change the world = 改变世界 搭配：change sth. into sth. = 把……变成……；change one's mind = 改变主意 辨析：change 强调"本质变化"；turn 侧重"形态转变"；exchange 侧重"交换"。 Great inventions have changed the world in many ways. 伟大的发明在很多方面改变了世界。 be filled with be filled with = 充满……（状态） 辨析：be filled with = be full of（两者可互换，但 filled with 更强调"被装满"的动作结果）。 注意：fill sth. with sth.（主动）；be filled with（被动/状态）。 The exhibition hall was filled with new inventions. 展览大厅里充满了新发明。 take place take place = 发生；举行（无被动语态） 辨析：take place 指有计划、有安排的发生（会议、比赛等）；happen 指偶然发生（事故等）；break out 指突然爆发（战争、火灾）。 注意：take place 不能用被动语态。 The invention exhibition will take place next month. 发明展览会将于下月举行。 短语巩固练习 ✏练习一：用方框中短语的适当形式填空 be made of / from / in　; be used for / as / by　;come true　;change the world　;be filled with　; take place 1. The exhibition will ______ next month in Shanghai. 2. His dream of becoming an inventor has ______. 3. Glass is ______ sand and other materials. 4. This room is ______ storing old books. 5. The hall was ______ with excited visitors. 6. Great inventions have ______ in many ways. 【参考答案】 1. take place2. come true3. made from4. used for5. filled with6. changed the world ✏练习二：单项选择 1. This desk is ______ wood. A. made of　B. made from　C. made in　D. made by 2. Paper ______ wood. A. is made of　B. is made from　C. is made in　D. is made by 3. English ______ a second language in India. A. is used for　B. is used as　C. is used by　D. used to 4. His dream has ______. A. come true　B. come out　C. come on　D. come in 5. The basket is ______ apples. A. fill with　B. filled with　C. full with　D. filling of 【参考答案】 1. A（made of 看得到原材料）2. B（made from 看不到原材料）3. B（used as 被当作）4. A（come true 实现）5. B（be filled with 充满） 语法精讲 一、被动语态——一般现在时 核心规则：当我们不知道动作的执行者，或想强调动作的承受者时，使用被动语态。一般现在时被动语态 = am/is/are + 过去分词。 ⚠注意：①不及物动词没有被动语态（如 happen, take place, come true）；②主动句变被动句时，宾语变主语，主语变 by 短语（可省略）。 例：The bridge is repaired every year. 这座桥每年都被修缮。 二、被动语态——一般过去时 核心规则：一般过去时被动语态 = was/were + 过去分词。主语是单数用 was，复数用 were。 ⚠注意：by 短语中的人称代词用宾格（by him, by them）。如果动作执行者不重要或未知，by 短语可省略。 例：The first computer was built in 1946. 第一台计算机于1946年建造。 三、主动变被动的步骤 口诀：宾变主，主变宾，动词变 be 加分词，by 短语跟在后。 ⚠注意：①带双宾语的动词（give, show, tell 等）可有两种被动形式；②使役动词 make/let 和感官动词 see/watch 在主动句中接不带 to 的不定式，但变被动后要还原 to。 ✏语法练习（被动语态） 1. The bridge ______ ______ (build) in 1998. 2. English ______ ______ (speak) all over the world. 3. These cars ______ ______ (produce) in Germany. 4. The light bulb ______ ______ (invent) by Thomas Edison. 5. The work ______ ______ (finish) yesterday. 6. Rice ______ ______ (grow) in the south of China. 7. The window ______ ______ (break) by a stone. 8. This song ______ ______ (write) by a young composer. 【语法练习参考答案】 1. was built（build的过去分词，被动语态） 2. is spoken（一般现在时被动） 3. are produced（一般现在时被动，主语复数） 4. was invented（invented过去分词，被动语态） 5. was finished（一般过去时被动） 6. is grown（一般现在时被动） 7. was broken（一般过去时被动） 8. was written（write的过去分词written） 核心句式 ... be made of / from / in ... — ……由……制成 / 在……制造 This table is made of wood. 这张桌子是木头做的。 Paper is made from wood. 纸是由木材制成的。 This phone is made in China. 这部手机是中国制造的。 ... be used for doing sth. / to do sth. — ……被用来做某事 A camera is used for taking photos. 相机用来拍照。 A 3D printer is used to make objects. 3D打印机用来制造物品。 ... was/were + 过去分词 + by ... — ……被……（做了） The telephone was invented by Bell. 电话是贝尔发明的。 The novel was written by him. 这部小说是他写的。 Great inventions + change + the way we ... — 伟大的发明改变了我们……的方式 Great inventions have changed the way we live. 伟大的发明改变了我们的生活方式。 The Internet has changed the way we communicate. 互联网改变了我们的交流方式。 综合训练 1. 一、单项选择 1. The first camera ______ in the 19th century. A. invents B. invented C. was invented D. is invented 2. This desk ______ wood. It looks very natural. A. is made of B. is made from C. is made in D. is made by 3. The new hospital ______ next year. A. will build B. was built C. will be built D. is built 4. Paper ______ wood. We can't see the wood in it. A. is made of B. is made from C. is made in D. is made into 5. The teacher made him ______ after school. A. stay B. to stay C. staying D. stayed 6. He was made ______ after school by the teacher. A. stay B. to stay C. staying D. stayed 7. Great changes ______ in our city in the past few years. A. take place B. took place C. have taken place D. were taken place 8. The machine ______ cleaning the floor. A. used to B. is used for C. is used as D. used by 二、完形填空 The invention of the camera 1______ the world forever. Before the camera, people could only 2______ what they saw through drawing or painting. The first camera 3______ in the early 1800s. Since then, cameras 4______ greatly improved. Today, almost everyone 5______ a camera in their phone. Photos 6______ to record memories, tell stories, and share moments. The camera is truly one of the greatest 7______ in human history. It shows how a simple idea can 8______ reality and change millions of lives. 1. A. change B. changed C. was changed D. is changing 2. A. record B. recorded C. recording D. be recorded 3. A. invents B. invented C. was invented D. is invented 4. A. are B. were C. have been D. had been 5. A. carry B. carries C. carried D. carrying 6. A. use B. used C. are used D. were used 7. A. invention B. inventions C. inventor D. inventors 8. A. become B. became C. becomes D. becoming 综合训练参考答案 一、单项选择：1. C（was invented 被动语态，in the 19th century 过去时间）2. A（is made of 看得出原材料）3. C（will be built 将来时被动语态）4. B（is made from 看不出原材料） 5. A（make sb do sth，省略to）6. B（被动语态make后还原to）7. C（take place无被动语态，in the past few years用现在完成时）8. B（be used for doing sth） 二、完形填空：1. B（changed 过去时）2. A（record could后接原形）3. C（was invented 被动过去）4. C（have been since then提示完成时）5. A（carry can后接原形）6. C（are used 被动现在）7. B（inventions one of+复数）8. A（become can后接原形） 中考题型 任务型阅读 The 3D printer is one of the most exciting inventions of the 21st century. It was first developed in the 1980s, but it has become popular only in recent years. A 3D printer works by building objects layer by layer (一层一层地). It can use many different materials, such as plastic, metal, and even chocolate! 3D printers are used in many fields. In medicine, they are used to make artificial limbs (假肢). In architecture, they are used to build model houses. In education, students use them to create their own designs. Some people even use 3D printers to make toys and jewelry at home. However, 3D printing also brings challenges. Some people worry that 3D printers might be used to make dangerous things. Others are concerned about the environmental impact of plastic waste. Scientists are working hard to find solutions to these problems. 1. When was the 3D printer first developed? 2. How does a 3D printer work? ______ (Answer in no more than 8 words) 3. What materials can a 3D printer use? ______ (List at least two) 4. What are 3D printers used for in medicine? 5. What challenges does 3D printing bring? ______ (List one) 【任务型阅读参考答案】 1. In the 1980s. / It was first developed in the 1980s. 2. By building objects layer by layer. 3. Plastic, metal, and even chocolate. 4. They are used to make artificial limbs. 5. It might be used to make dangerous things. / The environmental impact of plastic waste. 词语运用 从方框中选择合适的词，用正确形式填空（每词限用一次） invent / produce / responsible / rapid / complete / benefit The smartphone is one of the most important 1______ of our time. It was 2______ by engineers who wanted to combine a phone with a computer. Today, smartphones are 3______ by millions of companies around the world. The 4______ development of smartphone technology has changed how we live. However, we must be 5______ for how we use our phones. Used wisely, smartphones can 6______ our lives greatly. 【词语运用参考答案】 1. inventions（one of + 名词复数） 2. invented（被动语态was invented） 3. produced（被动语态are produced） 4. rapid（形容词修饰development） 5. responsible（be responsible for） 6. benefit（can后接动词原形） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $